CN113498752A

CN113498752A - Suspended wall cylinder fish reef device

Info

Publication number: CN113498752A
Application number: CN202110784070.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王朝晖; 王殿常; 丁玲; 郑磊夫; 季遥; 张琴
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: China Three Gorges Group Co Ltd; Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2021-07-12
Filing date: 2021-07-12
Publication date: 2021-10-15

Abstract

The invention belongs to a suspended wall cylinder fish reef device in the field of ocean engineering and water environmental engineering, and the technical scheme is as follows: comprises a supporting body and a fish reef body; the supporting body comprises a floating column and a circular arc bottom positioned at the lower part of the floating column; a balance weight is filled in the arc bottom; the fish reef body is a wall cylinder fixed on the upper part of the floating column; the middle of the fish reef body is a central cylinder body with an opening on the top surface; the walls outside the central cylinder body mutually enclose to form a plurality of open spaces and enclosed spaces, and form a peripheral cylinder body; the open space and the enclosed space are communicated with each other through holes arranged on the wall body. The device is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory and constructed in an assembly way; the device is suspended in a floating mud layer, is suitable for supporting a mud foundation, and is particularly suitable for the construction of a Yangtze river mouth marine ranch; simple structure, ecological environmental protection, investment saving, construction convenience, facility are reliable.

Description

Suspended wall cylinder fish reef device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ocean engineering and water environment engineering, and particularly relates to an ecological fish reef constructed offshore at a Yangtze river mouth.

Background

The Yangtze river mouth is the river mouth of a muddy coast, the bottom of the inshore is covered by a piece of 'floating mud', and a deep sludge layer is arranged below the floating mud. In the estuary marine ranch, because the beach silt layer is thicker, the fish reef body with half height sinks in the floating silt and silt after the traditional fish reef is placed, the following silt silts up and is continuously covered, and the fish reef is remained for a few times. The mud and sludge on the surface of the Yangtze river shoals are ubiquitous, and some mud layers with the thickness of more than 1.0m exist. Most of fish reefs in the current situation are rigid structures, and the number of concrete structures is large, so that the fish reefs are heavy in weight, cannot bear soft soil foundations, are inconvenient to construct, and cannot be managed after being thrown away. The floating mud submerges the silt to sink and the silt silts, most fish reefs can lose more than half of functions, and some fish reefs even have no shadow after several years.

The offshore of the Yangtze river mouth is a temperate zone river mouth water area with crossed salt and fresh water, is an important ecological economic water area in fishery, and is suitable for fishery culture, ocean economy and ocean development. However, due to the influence of factors such as environmental pollution, habitat destruction, over-fishing, global climate change and the like, biological resources at the estuary and the adjacent sea areas thereof are seriously degenerated, and the local water areas show the trend of ecological desertification. The yield of economic fishery objects is remarkably reduced, fishery resources are in a degeneration trend, and the condition needs to be changed urgently.

The artificial fish reef is a structure artificially arranged in the sea, and aims to improve the ecological environment of the sea area, build a good environment for the inhabitation of marine organisms, provide places for the propagation, growth, bait making and enemy sheltering of fishes and the like, and achieve the purposes of protecting, proliferating and improving the harvest yield. At present, the construction of artificial reefs is widely carried out at home and abroad, the offshore marine organism habitat and the fishery are repaired, and a good effect is achieved. The purpose of putting in the artificial fish reef is not only limited to gathering fish shoals and increasing the harvest amount, but also has important significance in the aspects of breeding and optimizing fishery resources, repairing and improving marine ecological environment, driving tourism and the development of related industries, saving rare or endangered organisms, protecting biological diversity, adjusting marine industrial structures, promoting the sustainable and healthy development of marine economy and the like.

At present, the artificial fish reef is constructed from various materials, and the traditional artificial fish reef comprises concrete fish reefs with various shapes; waste ships and vehicles are used as artificial fish reefs; bundling up waste tires into required shapes such as tower shape, square shape and the like, and putting the waste tires into a predetermined sea area to be used as an artificial fish reef; natural stone blocks are directly put on the sea floor to be stacked into a fish reef with a certain shape; a fish reef made of plastic components as raw materials; frame-type fish reef made of steel material and the like. The shape of the fish reef is square, cross, triangle, frame type, trapezoid and the like, and the fish reef is arranged in the floating mud and the silt at the estuary and finally forms a 'garbage pile' type fish reef.

Due to the large weight, the conventional fish reefs are easily submerged in floating mud and in sludge. The related data show that fish reefs such as concrete frames with the height within 2m, which are arranged in the field of the Yangtze river mouth, are basically sunk in floating mud and sludge and cannot play the due functions. Secondly, the fish reef materials are all cold materials such as concrete and plastics, and lack affinity, fish, aquatic life etc. all need to go to the adaptation earlier, then can become the habitat of fish. However, at this time, the fish reef is sunk in the sludge, so that a few of beds for fish and aquatic organisms are left, and the function of the fish reef is greatly reduced.

In conclusion, the fish reef is a key link in the construction of the marine ranch, can change the living environment of the fishes in the sea, and has the effects of proliferation and aggregation. Therefore, the construction of the ecological environment of the Yangtze river mouth ocean cannot be realized without the fish reef, but the mud and sludge on the beach surface of the Yangtze river mouth are thick, so that the traditional fish reef is not favorably arranged.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a suspended wall-tube fish reef device which is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in an industrial way and constructed in an assembly way, is suspended in a floating mud layer, is suitable for supporting a silt foundation and is particularly suitable for the construction of a Yangtze river mouth marine ranch; simple structure, ecological environmental protection, investment saving, construction convenience, facility are reliable.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a suspended wall cylinder fish reef device comprises a support body and a fish reef body; the supporting body comprises a floating column and a circular arc bottom positioned at the lower part of the floating column; the arc bottom is filled with a balance weight; the fish reef body is a wall cylinder and is fixed at the upper part of the floating column; the middle of the fish reef body is a central cylinder body with an opening on the top surface; the walls outside the central cylinder body mutually enclose to form a plurality of open spaces and enclosed spaces so as to form a peripheral cylinder body; the open space and the enclosed space are communicated with each other through holes formed in the wall body and communicated with the water area outside the fish reef device.

Based on the technical characteristics: the floating column is a cylinder, the shell is a reinforcement cage, and EPS foam boards are used for filling.

Based on the technical characteristics: a plurality of short legs are arranged under the circular arc.

Based on the technical characteristics: the wall body is in a T shape formed by butt joint of a straight line wall and an arc wall, and comprises a long T-shaped wall and a short T-shaped wall, the straight line walls are radially arranged, and the arc walls positioned at the end parts of the long T-shaped walls are enclosed to form a central cylinder body; the short T-shaped walls are embedded between the straight-line walls of the two long T-shaped walls and are intersected to form an open space and a closed space, and a peripheral cylinder is formed.

Based on the technical characteristics: the wall body consists of grids, bamboo rafts and fillers; the wall body is wrapped by grids; arranging bamboo rafts at the inner side and the bottom of the grid of the wall body to form a cavity, and filling materials are arranged in the cavity.

Based on the technical characteristics: the holes on the wall body are arranged in a staggered mode, the hole opening area ratio is 30% -50%, and the holes are large and small.

Based on the technical characteristics: the top of the fish reef body is provided with a top cover, the top cover is a circular plate, the shape of the inner ring is the same as that of the opening of the central cylinder body, and the top cover is arranged on the top of the long T-shaped wall.

Based on the technical characteristics: the top cap is equipped with the diaphragm orifice, and submerged plant is planted to the top surface of top cap.

The invention relates to a suspended fish reef falling to the ground in offshore, which is not a fish reef made of plant materials at present and is also not a wall cylinder type fish reef built by walls. The materials and the forms are innovative, and the fish reef is grounded and does not sink, and can adapt to the characteristic that organisms such as fish and the like foraging and inhabiting on the bottom surface. The bamboo raft is low-carbon and environment-friendly, and provides a foundation bed for the diversity of organisms. How to completely control the wall-tube fish reef in the floating mud layer or on the top surface of the sludge layer to achieve fixed-point suspension is the key technology of the invention.

The invention has three innovation points: the fish reef manufacturing material is mainly a bamboo raft and has affinity and ecology; the space formed by the fish reefs is a wall cylinder type and a plurality of spaces; the working form of the fish reef is suspension type and is similar to a tumbler. Is a novel low-carbon environment-friendly fish reef technology with resource saving. The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. in order to keep the artificial fish reef stable on the silt foundation and avoid silt burying, the wall cylinder fish reef device can keep stable in a given throwing environment and avoid silt burying, and the wall cylinder fish reef device cannot overturn under the action of tide.

2. The space constitutes abundantly, has increased the result of use of fish reef, and the rising of rivers has been increased to the intercommunication in different spaces. The application of the flexible material not only improves the affinity of the fish reef, but also reduces the investment. The device is simple and practical, low in manufacturing cost, safe and reliable, convenient to put in, and has better popularization and application value.

3. The device adopts the tumbler balance principle, has simple structure, reduces the swing of the device and increases the stability. No complex parts are processed, the use is convenient, and the manufacturing cost is low. The overturning device has a simple structure and a unique thought, has an overturning effect, has an effect of stirring thousands of metal, does not need manual control, and does not need any power; after the tidal current external force is removed, the automatic adjustment and the automatic balance can be realized.

4. The components are standard, so that the universal, standardized, factory and assembly type construction are facilitated; simple structure, safety and reliability.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a top plan view.

Fig. 2 is a plan arrangement diagram of a fish reef body.

FIG. 3 is a planform layout of floating pillars.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the wall-mount fish reef apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a long T-shaped wall.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a short T-wall.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the wall of the fish reef.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wall cylinder unit assembly.

Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of the wall cylinder space.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a suspended state of the fish reef device.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a suspended and supported state of the fish reef apparatus.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the stress state of the fish reef device during tidal current.

The reference numbers in the figures denote:

a floating column 1; a circular arc bottom 2; a fish reef body 3; a top cover 4; short legs 5, long T-shaped walls 6; a short T-shaped wall 7; a central cylinder 8; a reinforcement cage 9; an enclosed space 10; an open space 11; a long T-wall centerline 12; a bamboo raft 13; a hole 14; a grid 15; a filler 16; an EPS foam board 17; a U-shaped handle 18; a wall barrel unit 19; submerged plants 20; plate holes 21; a jack 22; a sludge layer 23; a sludge layer 24; the water surface 25.

A gravity G; buoyancy F; a buoyancy center A; a center of gravity B; and (7) the power flow T.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

One, main component and function

The main components of the suspension wall cylinder fish reef device comprise a support body (comprising a floating column 1 and an arc bottom 2), a fish reef body 3 and a top cover 4. The device is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory and constructed in an assembly way.

1. Support body

As shown in fig. 4, the support body is composed of floating columns 1 and arc bottoms 2, and is used for providing support for the fish reef body 3. The floating column 1 is a cylinder, the lower part of the floating column is connected with the circular arc bottom 2, and the floating column and the circular arc bottom form a wall cylinder type fish reef bearing body. The floating column 1 mainly provides buoyancy, and the circular arc bottom 2 mainly provides stability for the suspension of the whole device.

(1) A floating column 1: as shown in fig. 3, the floating column 1 is a cylinder, the shell is a reinforcement cage 9, and the column is filled with an EPS foam board 17. The top surface of the floating column 1 is a plane, the diameter of the floating column 1 is matched with the arrangement of the wall barrel, and the height of the floating column 1 is determined by the calculation of the buoyancy required by the device. The floating post 1 may be provided with U-shaped grips 18 on both sides.

The reinforcement cage 9 is woven from mesh sheets, which can be cold-drawn hot-dip galvanized steel wires, resistance pressure welded. The reinforcement cage 9 is filled with EPS foam boards 17, and the EPS foam boards are made of light materials with small water absorption, corrosion resistance, freezing resistance, oxidation resistance and ultraviolet resistance and are not corroded by seawater, chemicals, oil stains and aquatic organisms; no pollution and no environmental damage; light weight, high mechanical strength, etc. The service life is at least as long as 10 years, and almost no maintenance and repair cost is needed except for strong natural force and artificial improper use. The assembly is simple, quick and flexible, the modeling is diversified, the whole body adopts a module structure, and the size and the shape of the reinforcement cage 9 can be determined according to the requirements of various conditions; the cost is low, and the cost and time for maintenance, replacement and overhaul can be saved.

(2) Arc bottom 2: as shown in figure 4, the bottom of the support body is an arc bottom 2, the diameter of the upper opening is equal to that of the floating column 1, and the height is more than or equal to half of the height of the floating column 1. The shell is made of dense net sheets to form a pot-shaped hollow box body, and the arc bottom net sheets and the floating column net sheets are connected into a whole.

The volume of the circular arc bottom 2 is equal to that of the balance weight, and the height of the circular arc bottom can be adjusted. The circular arc bottom is filled with sandbags which are mutually connected and are connected with the net sheet; after the balance weight is met, an EPS foam board is laid on the upper surface of the sand bag to compress the sand bag to be always kept at the arc bottom 2.

In order to facilitate the vertical placement of the device, four short legs 5 are symmetrically arranged on the arc surface of the arc bottom 2. The arc bottom 2 is beneficial to the low gravity center, so that the device can be like a tumbler when being suspended in water or floating mud.

The circular arc bottom 2 is filled with a counterweight sand bag to reduce the gravity center of the whole fish reef device. After the floating column 1 is sized, the height of the floating column is adjusted by a counterweight, and the shaking is controlled by the counterweight. In order to lower the centre of gravity of the device, a rounded bottom 2 is therefore provided and the bottom is filled with sandbags so that the centre of gravity of the entire device is lowered, which reduces the rocking of the device.

2. Fish reef body

As shown in fig. 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9, the fish reef body 3 is a wall cylinder type, the middle of the fish reef body 3 is a central cylinder 8 with an open top surface, the wall body is composed of a long T-shaped wall 6 and a short T-shaped wall 7, and the T-shaped walls are two different sizes but have the same structural form.

(1) Wall cylinder type fish reef structure

The fish reef body is of a wall cylinder type and is composed of an upright wall body. The wall comprises a long T-shaped wall 6 and a short T-shaped wall 7 which are radially arranged to form a wall cylinder; an open space 11 and a surrounding space 10 are formed, a peripheral cylinder is formed, and the two different spaces are communicated with each other through holes 14 arranged on a wall body, so that the connectivity of the spaces is increased; the wall-tube fish reef is suspended in the floating mud and the sludge due to small integral specific gravity, and is particularly suitable for the beach surface of the floating mud or the sludge at the estuary.

The wall cylinder is enclosed by the wall body, and the space constitutes abundantly, has enclosed space 10, open space 11. As shown in fig. 2, 8 and 9, a single fish reef device has 1 central circular central cylinder 8, which forms a central enclosure space. The 60 degree angle shown is merely illustrative and the entire fish reef is divided evenly into 6 barrel units 19. The periphery of the central cylinder 8 is provided with 6 fan-shaped enclosed spaces 10, and the periphery is provided with 12 open spaces 11. The space is enriched from the open space 11 to the enclosed space 10 from outside to inside layer by layer. The top of the central cylinder 8 and the top of the enclosed space 10 of the middle enclosed space are both communicated with the outside to form water flow which is upward and communicated with the space. The plurality of enclosed spaces 10 can create a still water area, which can be a silent place, can provide a spawning and conservation place, and can provide a hiding place for fishes and infants to avoid storms and natural enemies.

The wall body of opening the hole is upright the branch and is listed as constitution wall section of thick bamboo, and whole fish reef device is similar to the unrestrained bars that disappear, disappears unrestrained row, can cut down the wave, builds local calm environment, alleviates rivers, stormy waves to the impact of fish reef device, has guaranteed the stability of fish reef device.

The wall-tube fish reef is formed by assembling the components, so that water flow moves upwards to form upward flow, seawater with rich nutrition is brought upwards, and fish schools are attracted to find food in the future; shadow can be generated, and many fishes like the shadow, so the fishes are willing to swim; the space enclosed by the wall body can provide a hiding place for fishes and children to avoid storms and natural enemies.

As shown in figure 7, the main material of the wall body is moso bamboo which has strong biological affinity and is easy to adhere and grow on aquatic organisms such as algae to form a bait yard. The bamboo raft 13 may serve as a spawning ground for some aquatic organisms. The different spaces enclosed by the wall cylinders divide the fish reef into multiple relatively independent spaces through different arrangements of the wall bodies in two forms. As shown in fig. 9, in each wall cylinder unit 19, a buffer deformation space, i.e. an open space 11, may be provided to mitigate wave force impact; the relatively silent space, namely the enclosed space 10, is used for spawning and breeding fish organisms. The non-rigid wall cylinder can keep the basic shape of the semi-flexible fish reef body, and divides the internal space of the fish reef to form a plurality of spaces, so that the space for attaching the shadow and the organisms is increased.

(2) Wall size and arrangement

1) Long T-shaped wall 6: as shown in fig. 5, the long T-shaped wall 6 is a main component of the wall cylinder, and is composed of a straight wall and an arc wall, and the straight wall is butted with the arc wall to form a T shape. The linear wall is arranged in a radial direction, the length is preferably more than 1.0m, the end head of the linear wall is an arc-shaped wall, and the radius of the arc-shaped wall is preferably more than 0.5 m; the straight line is butted with the arc to form a T shape. A single fish reef device is provided with 6 long T-shaped walls, every two long T-shaped walls are in butt joint with each other through arc-shaped ends, and the arc-shaped ends form a circular middle enclosed space, namely a central cylinder body 8.

The bottom end of the wall body is fixedly connected with the floating column 1, and the grids of the wall body are welded with the net sheets of the floating column or bound by steel wires.

2) Short T-shaped wall 7: as shown in fig. 6, the short T-shaped wall 7 is a main component of the wall cylinder, and is composed of a straight wall and an arc wall, and the straight wall is butted with the arc wall to form a T shape. The straight walls are arranged radially, preferably with a length greater than 0.5m, and may be about half the length of the straight walls of the long T-shaped walls 6, ending with curved walls with a radius determined by the distance between the 2 radially arranged long T-shaped walls.

A single fish reef device is provided with 6 short T-shaped walls 7 which are respectively arranged between the two long T-shaped walls 6. The arc-shaped end of each short T-shaped wall 7 is mutually butted with the tongue-and-groove in the middle of the long T-shaped wall 6, the inner side of the arc-shaped end forms 1 fan-shaped enclosed space 10, and the outer side forms 2 fan-shaped open spaces 11.

Similarly, the bottom end of the wall body of the short T-shaped wall 7 is fixedly connected with the floating column 1, and the grid 15 of the wall body is welded with the net sheet of the floating column or bound by steel wires.

(3) Wall structure and structure

1) The structure is as follows: as shown in fig. 7, the wall body includes a lattice 15, a bamboo raft 13, and a filler 16. The wall body is a sandwich plate, and the wall thickness is preferably more than 500 mm. Regardless of the size of the wall, all walls are wrapped with a grid 15. Two hanging holes are symmetrically formed in the top end of the wall body, so that the wall body is convenient to carry. The wall body can adopt reinforcement measures according to the strength requirement. The top end of the wall body is in an open shape, namely, the grid 15 is arranged, but the bamboo raft 13 is not arranged, so that the bamboo raft can be used as a filling channel. The bottom end of the wall body is closed, namely the grids 15 and the bamboo raft 13 are arranged.

2) Connecting and punching: the bottom ends of all the wall bodies are fixedly connected with the floating columns 1, meshes 15 of the wall bodies are welded with meshes of the floating columns 1 or bound by steel wires, and the top ends of the long T-shaped walls 6 are hinged with the top cover 4. Holes 14 are arranged on all the walls, the hole opening area ratio is 30-50%, the hole opening positions are arranged in a staggered mode, the holes are large and small, and the stress state of the walls can be optimized. The periphery of the opening is reinforced to meet the structural strength of the wall.

3) The construction method comprises the following steps:

grid 15: the grid 15 and the bamboo raft 13 form a supporting outer wall, the grid 15 is made of galvanized steel bars, the diameter is determined by strength requirements, and the mesh is generally larger than about 300 mm. The size and the shape of the grids are the same, the installation mode is the same, and the standardized production and the installation are convenient.

And (3) bamboo raft 13: the bamboo raft 13 is arranged on the inner side of the grid 15, the bamboo raft 13 is of a bamboo sheet woven net structure, the mesh can be large or small, and a conventional bamboo raft can be generally adopted; the bamboo rafts are bound on the grid 15 by iron wires and are interdependent, and each bamboo raft generally has 2 to 5 binding points. The bamboo raft 13 can degrade harmful substances in water, provide space for the attachment growth and propagation of microorganisms in water, and promote the degradation of pollutants in water more by the increased microorganisms. Virtuous circle and ecological environmental protection. The affinity of the bamboo raft 13 provides a habitat for plankton and thus also a biological chain for fish. Even if the bamboo raft is rotten after many years, the bamboo raft can provide food chains for aquatic organisms.

Packing 16: the filler 16 may preferably be cinder, but may also be other materials. According to the requirement, the coal cinder can be made of one material, or two materials can be arranged in a layered mode.

The fillers 16 are all packaged, for example, the cinder is packaged to form a cinder bag, and the cinder bag is filled in a cavity formed by the grid 15 and the bamboo raft 13, and has the functions of constructing a wall with gaps, providing a habitat for smaller animals in water and purifying water quality. The bag for storing the coal cinder of the adsorption material is made of a water permeable material, and can adopt geotextile, and the mesh of the geotextile is smaller than the particle size of the coal cinder; the bag is convenient for construction, and the size of the bag is suitable for one person to move after loading.

The comprehensive utilization of the coal slag greatly reduces the production of solid waste, saves the occupied area of the solid waste, avoids a plurality of pollution problems caused by the solid waste, greatly utilizes the coal slag, saves resources and energy sources, and creates economic value.

The outer layer of bamboo raft 13 can degrade harmful substances in the river channel, provide space for the attached growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the river channel and continuously promote the degradation of pollutants in river water. The bamboo raft 13 belongs to natural ecological materials, and has biocompatibility, rough surface and large specific surface area. Bamboo resources in China are rich, and bamboo can be degraded due to low cost, reproducibility and low environmental pollution. Bamboo is natural in material, has good biocompatibility, is a material with application potential, and the effect of the novel bamboo fiber biomembrane carrier prepared by taking bamboo fiber as a raw material on water treatment is stable. The bamboo tube is cut into pieces from the middle part, and the pieces are woven into net pieces which are vertically stacked in the empty box of the partition wall. The microbial phospholipid content and dehydrogenase activity attached to the surface of the bamboo chips are high, so that space can be provided for the attached growth and propagation of microorganisms, and the degradation of pollutants in water can be continuously promoted.

The wall body material for constructing the wall cylinder fish reef is light in weight and has the buoyancy effect of water. The grid 15, the bamboo raft 13, the cinder bags and the like are standard components and have universality, so that the bamboo raft is convenient to manufacture in a factory and is convenient to install on site.

3. Top cover

As shown in fig. 1, the top cover is a circular plate, the outer diameter of the circular plate is equal to that of the floating column 1, and the inner diameter of the circular plate is equal to that of the central cylinder 8 of the wall fish reef, so that a middle enclosed space is formed. The top cover 4 is made of plastic and is arranged on the top surface of the wall body for covering the plate. The main function is to hinge the wall top and the top cover 4, so that the wall barrel forms a whole to increase the stability of the wall barrel. After the wall body is installed, the top cover 4 is covered according to the position of the wall body, and a U-shaped card is inserted from a card hole on the top surface of the top cover, so that the top of the wall body is restrained; the U-shaped card is made of plastic and has elasticity so as to increase the constraining force on the wall top. The top cover is evenly provided with plate holes 21 to reduce buoyancy.

The top cover 4 is provided with a plurality of groups of jacks 22 symmetrically on two sides of the width of the long T-shaped wall along the central line 12 of the long T-shaped wall in the radial direction, and the pitch of the jacks is slightly larger than the thickness of the wall; corresponding to the set of jacks, an equivalent U-shaped card is provided, the size of which corresponds to the jack 22.

The top surface of the roof 4 can be planted with suitable submerged plants 20. The purification function of the submerged plant 20 mainly includes the absorption function of the submerged plant 20, the metabolism of microorganisms, and the adsorption and precipitation functions in the environment of the plant root. The water body is purified through the absorption of the submerged plant 20 to nutrient substances, the killing effect of the secretion substances in the root area to the algae and the like. Meanwhile, the root system of the plant at the lower part of the plant forms the living environment of fish and plankton, and has important function on maintaining the structure and the function of a water ecosystem.

Second, running analysis

(1) State of delivery

This fish reef device no matter puts into aquatic with any kind of mode, because the structure of tumbler formula, whole proportion is greater than the proportion of water, makes it sink with vertical gesture all the time in aquatic, even under the impact of rivers, also is similar to the tumbler, shakes to shake and shakes and sinks to the mud flat face, with vertical suspended state, falls to mud layer or mud layer top surface.

(2) Suspended state in floating mud

As shown in fig. 10, a sludge layer 24 is provided below the sludge layer 23; above the floating mud layer 23 and below the water surface 25 is the water body. When the floating mud layer 23 or the floating mud layer is thicker, namely the thickness of the floating mud layer 23 is larger than the height of the support body, because the weight of the fish reef device is equal to the buoyancy provided by the floating mud, the height of the support body is smaller than the depth of the floating mud layer, the support body is completely suspended in the floating mud, the upper fish reef body is suspended in water, and the fish reef function is completely and completely played. Under the impact of water flow, the device realizes the dynamic balance of the device by means of a tumbler structure.

(3) Suspended and supported state

As shown in fig. 11, when the depth of the sludge layer 23 is less than the height of the support body, the arc bottom of the support body falls on the top surface of the sludge layer 24 because the weight of the fish reef device is greater than the buoyancy provided by the sludge; the support body part and the fish reef body are suspended in water. The arc bottom of the support body is supported on the top surface of the sludge, and the device keeps balance under the support. Since the apparatus is less loaded, water and float sludge together provide buoyancy, and the remaining weight is supported by the sludge layer 24, and thus, it is not sunk in the sludge layer 24, thereby always maintaining a vertical state. Similarly, under the impact of water flow, the device realizes the dynamic balance of the device by means of a tumbler type structure.

(4) Stability analysis

As shown in fig. 12, the fish reef device adopts a tumbler type structure, and the principle thereof is as follows: the arc bottom is added with a balance weight to lower the gravity center. Because the gravity center B is always below the buoyancy center A, the device can generate side rolling under the action of the tide T, but the side rolling force can be recovered to a normal state after being eliminated, so that the stability of the device is increased and ensured. Because the center of buoyancy a is above the center of gravity B, the moment of buoyancy must return the device to its normal state after the device has tilted under the action of the tidal current. Thus, the centre of gravity B being lower than the centre of buoyancy a ensures the stability of the device. The overturning device has a simple structure and a unique thought, has an overturning effect, has an effect of stirring thousands of metal, does not need manual control, and does not need any power; after the tidal current external force is removed, the automatic adjustment and the automatic balance can be realized.

Third, design requirements

The device is designed to be suspended in the float sludge so that its specific gravity should be less than that of the float sludge but greater than that of the water. So that the floating mud can sink in water, suspend in floating mud and fall to a mud surface to be supported.

The suspended fish reef does not need to be anchored with an anchor cable to control the suspension height of the fish reef, but independently suspends in a floating mud layer or falls on the top surface of a mud layer by self construction. Therefore, the fish reef device is required to be always in a suspension state under a certain condition, and the whole device is enabled to float in floating mud due to enough buoyancy. After the floating pillars and the wall barrels are determined, the specific weight (density) of the device can be controlled by the balance weight.

When the mud layer is thicker, the supporter highly is less than when the mud layer degree of depth, except that the whole proportion of device will satisfy the requirement of suspending in mud, still should consider during the design to operate after a period, gravity can the grow when having attached to the biology on the fish reef, it is not less than 100N to get to increase the biology weight of attaching to here, consequently need increase certain buoyancy and guarantee that the fish reef can not sink in the mud layer, require promptly under the most unfavorable condition that the column top surface should not fall to in the mud layer, in order to guarantee the complete use of fish reef.

When the floating mud layer is thin and the height of the support body is larger than the depth of the floating mud layer, the buoyancy provided by the floating mud layer is insufficient, and the fish reef penetrates through the floating mud layer, sinks to the top surface of the sludge layer and is supported by the sludge layer. Besides the device is supported by buoyancy, the force required for supporting the sludge layer is small, and the bearing capacity of the sludge layer can bear.

By suspended is meant an object immersed in a liquid, the buoyancy of which is equal to its weight, the state of the object in the liquid, the buoyancy to which it is subjected being equal to its weight. The density of a single liquid is consistent theoretically. If the suspension is theoretical, the density of the object is consistent with that of the liquid. So that it can be suspended at any height, rather than having different heights. When an object is suspended in the mud and water, the density of the object should be equal to the weighted average of the mud and water densities.

According to the size of the wall barrel fish reef carried on the floating column, the maximum depth of floating mud and the buoyancy required to suspend by the fish reef body, insufficient buoyancy is borne by the floating column, and the size of the floating column is determined, so that the buoyancy of the floating column can be obtained. Since the device is suspended in the mud and water (estimated on average), V_{Row board}＝V_{Article (A)}，F_{Floating body}G, so ρ_{Floating body}gV_{Row board}＝ρ_{Article (A)}gV_{Article (A)}So ρ_{Floating body}＝ρ_{Article (A)}。

According to the above requirements, in terms of p_{Floating body}＝ρ_{Article (A)}And reversely calculating the counter weight, and finishing the calculation after adjustment until the requirements are met.

The density of the floating mud is different in different water areas of the Yangtze river mouth, the floating mud generally flows in the channel, and the density is about 10301060kg/m³And the viscosity is lower. The rest water area is basically stable floating mud with smaller fluidity and the density of about 10301230kg/m³。

When the fish reef device is designed, the average rho of water and floating mud can be determined_{Floating body}＝1100kg/m³And (5) designing and finishing the manufacture in a factory.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a floated wall section of thick bamboo fish reef device which characterized in that: comprises a supporting body and a fish reef body (3); the supporting body comprises a floating column (1) and an arc bottom (2) positioned at the lower part of the floating column (1); a balance weight is filled in the circular arc bottom (2); the fish reef body (3) is a wall cylinder and is fixed at the upper part of the floating column (1); the middle of the fish reef body (3) is a central cylinder body (8) with an opening on the top surface; the walls outside the central cylinder (8) are mutually enclosed to form a plurality of open spaces (11) and enclosed spaces (10) so as to form a peripheral cylinder; the open space (11) and the enclosed space (10) are communicated with each other through holes (14) formed in the wall body and communicated with the water area outside the fish reef device.

2. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the floating column (1) is a cylinder, the shell is a reinforcement cage (9), and EPS foam boards (17) are used for filling.

3. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of short legs (5) are arranged under the circular arc bottom (2).

4. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the height of the circular arc bottom (2) is more than or equal to half of the height of the floating column (1).

5. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the wall body is formed by butt joint of a straight line wall and an arc wall and comprises a long T-shaped wall (6) and a short T-shaped wall (7), the straight line walls are radially arranged, and the arc wall positioned at the end part of the long T-shaped wall (6) is enclosed to form the central cylinder body (8); the short T-shaped wall (7) is embedded between the straight walls of the two long T-shaped walls (6) and intersected to form the open space (11) and the enclosed space (10).

6. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, wherein: the wall body consists of a grid (15), a bamboo raft (13) and a filler (16); the wall body is wrapped by the grids (15); the bamboo raft (13) is arranged at the inner side and the bottom of the grid (15) to form a cavity, and the filler (16) is arranged in the cavity.

7. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the holes (14) in the wall body are arranged in a staggered mode, the hole opening area ratio is 30% -50%, and the holes (14) are large and small.

8. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top of the fish reef body (3) is provided with a top cover (4), the top cover (4) is a circular plate, and the shape of the inner ring is the same as the shape of the opening of the central cylinder body (8).

9. A suspended wall cylinder fish reef apparatus as claimed in claim 8 in which: the top cap (4) is equipped with diaphragm orifice (21), submerged plant (20) are planted to the top surface of top cap (4).