CN113484952B - Three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signal all-optical wavelength conversion device on silicon substrate - Google Patents
Three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signal all-optical wavelength conversion device on silicon substrate Download PDFInfo
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
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- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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- G02B6/14—Mode converters
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12152—Mode converter
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12164—Multiplexing; Demultiplexing
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signal all-optical wavelength conversion device on a silicon substrate. The wavelength conversion device mainly comprises a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer, 3 transverse electric mode demultiplexers, 2 transverse electric mode multiplexers, 2 polarization beam splitting rotators and 2 multimode nonlinear waveguides, wherein signal light and pump light with dual-polarization dual-mode multi-wavelength are simultaneously input into the wavelength conversion device, and after passing through the wavelength conversion device, the signal light and the pump light are subjected to all-optical wavelength conversion to generate idler frequency light carrying the same data as the signal light. The invention can load multi-channel signals onto a basic mode and a first high-order mode of the same multi-mode waveguide at the same time to form mode multiplexing, and simultaneously combines a polarization multiplexing technology, utilizes the multi-mode nonlinear waveguide which is optimized by dispersion to realize all-optical wavelength conversion of mixed multiplexing signals, thereby improving the transmission capacity of a communication system and the flexibility of a dynamic wavelength routing network; the method can be used in the fields of wavelength routing, ultra-large capacity signal processing and the like in an all-optical communication network.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-optical wavelength conversion device on a silicon substrate in the field of optical waveguide, in particular to an all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signals on a silicon substrate.
Background
All-optical wavelength conversion has long been considered as an ideal solution to increase the flexibility of dynamic wavelength routing networks. Meanwhile, with the continuous increase of the demand of the information society of the internet of everything for high bandwidth capacity of optical communication and the increasing development of the technology of planar optical waveguide integrated devices, people begin to fully exploit and utilize the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, the mode multiplexing (MDM) technology and the polarization multiplexing (PDM) technology in silicon-based waveguides to increase the communication capacity. In an optical communication network, in order to realize wavelength reuse, research on all-optical wavelength conversion of multiplexed signals of different dimensions is becoming popular.
However, due to the technical difficulties of inter-mode crosstalk, difficult phase matching control, polarization sensitivity and the like in the multimode nonlinear waveguide, the research on all-optical wavelength conversion of the multidimensional mixed multiplexing signal is slow. The requirements for realizing all-optical wavelength conversion of the multidimensional mixed multiplexing signal are as follows: on one hand, relatively large conversion bandwidth and conversion efficiency as high as possible are required, multi-wavelength multiplexing can be realized, and channel blockage can be reduced in an optical communication system; on the other hand, it is desirable to have relatively low inter-modal crosstalk and loss to ensure that information is transmitted in the channel without errors and with high quality. Recently, a method of optimizing dispersion is proposed, which can improve the wavelength conversion efficiency and effectively reduce the inter-mode crosstalk, and thus becomes a research hotspot. For an all-optical wavelength conversion system, a core device of the all-optical wavelength conversion system is a multimode nonlinear waveguide which is used for realizing high-efficiency conversion of multimode signals based on a four-wave mixing effect. The literature: YanqiaoXie, ShimingGao and Sailing He, "All-optical wavelength conversion and multiplexing for polarization-multiplexed signal using an arbitrary wavelength in a silicon wavelength guide," Opt. let 37(11),1898-1900,2012 shows an All-optical wavelength conversion scheme for a dual-polarization multiplexed signal. The literature: zijun Xu, Qiang Jin, Zhuihua Tu and Shiming Gao, "All-optical wavelength conversion for telecommunications mode-division multiplexing in integrated silicon waveguides," application. Opt.57,5036-5042,2018 gives a design solution for a nonlinear waveguide for wavelength conversion of dual-mode multiplexed signals. On this basis, the literature: baobao Chen, Junfan Chen, Yi Zhao and Shiming Gao, "Silicon-based on-chip all-optical wavelength conversion for two-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signals," J, nonlinear, Opt, Phys, Mater, 28(3),1950034,2019 provides an all-optical wavelength conversion device for realizing multi-wavelength dual-mode signals, and can realize high-efficiency all-optical wavelength conversion of multi-wavelength fundamental mode and high-order mode signals. However, such devices can only achieve wavelength conversion of the transverse electric mode of the signal, and usually require cooperation of a polarization controller and a coupling grating of the transverse electric mode. Therefore, the prior art lacks an all-optical wavelength conversion method which is suitable for polarization multiplexing signals, wavelength division multiplexing signals and mode multiplexing signals at the same time and has high efficiency in broadband.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional mixed multiplexing signal all-optical wavelength conversion device on a silicon substrate, which can simultaneously realize broadband high-efficiency all-optical wavelength conversion on a three-dimensional mixed signal by utilizing a mode de-multiplexing technology and a polarization beam splitting rotation technology and combining a method for optimizing dispersion.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the waveguide-based multimode fiber grating based on the distributed mode-splitting mode comprises a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer, a first transverse electric mode multiplexer, a second transverse electric mode demultiplexer, a second transverse electric mode multiplexer, a third transverse electric mode demultiplexer, a first polarization beam splitting rotator, a second polarization beam splitting rotator, a first multimode nonlinear waveguide, a second multimode nonlinear waveguide, a first single-mode output waveguide, a second single-mode output waveguide, a third single-mode output waveguide, a fourth single-mode output waveguide, a first adiabatic tapered waveguide, a second adiabatic tapered waveguide, a third adiabatic tapered waveguide, a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a fifth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a sixth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a seventh adiabatic tapered waveguide, an eighth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a first connecting waveguide and a second connecting waveguide;
the input end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer is used as the input end of the wavelength conversion device, the first output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer is connected with the input end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer, the second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer is connected with the second input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer through a first connecting waveguide, the first output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer is connected with the input end of the second polarization beam splitting rotator through a second adiabatic tapered waveguide, the first output end of the second polarization beam splitting rotator is connected with the first input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer through a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide, and the second output of the second polarization beam splitting rotator is connected with the second input end of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer;
the second output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer is connected with the input end of the first polarization beam splitting rotator through a first adiabatic tapered waveguide, the second output end of the first polarization beam splitting rotator sequentially passes through a third adiabatic tapered waveguide and a second connecting waveguide and then is connected with the first input of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer, and the first output of the first polarization beam splitting rotator is vacant;
the output of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer is connected with the input end of the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer after sequentially passing through the fifth adiabatic tapered waveguide, the first multimode nonlinear waveguide and the sixth adiabatic tapered waveguide, and the first output and the second output of the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer are respectively connected with the first single-mode output waveguide and the third single-mode output waveguide;
the output of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer is connected with the input end of a third transverse electric mode demultiplexer after sequentially passing through a seventh adiabatic tapered waveguide, a second multimode nonlinear waveguide and an eighth adiabatic tapered waveguide, and the first output and the second output of the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer are respectively connected with a fourth single-mode output waveguide and a second single-mode output waveguide;
the third single-mode output waveguide, the first single-mode output waveguide, the second single-mode output waveguide and the fourth single-mode output waveguide are respectively used as a first output, a second output, a third output and a fourth output of the wavelength conversion device, the first output, the second output, the third output and the fourth output of the wavelength conversion device are respectively connected with corresponding filters, and each filter filters out idler frequency light corresponding to the obtained signal light wavelength.
The transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer comprises a first multimode input waveguide, a first tapered waveguide, a multimode output waveguide, a first curved waveguide, a second tapered waveguide and a second curved waveguide;
one end of the first multimode input waveguide is used as the input end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer, the other end of the first multimode input waveguide is connected with one end of the multimode output waveguide through the first tapered waveguide, and the other end of the multimode output waveguide is used as the first output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer; one end of the first curved waveguide is vacant, the other end of the first curved waveguide is connected with one end of the second curved waveguide through the second tapered waveguide, and the other end of the second curved waveguide is used as a second output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer; and a second tapered waveguide is arranged on the side of the first tapered waveguide, and the first tapered waveguide is coupled with the second tapered waveguide.
The first transverse electric mode demultiplexer, the first transverse electric mode multiplexer, the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer, the second transverse electric mode multiplexer and the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer are identical in structure and size, but the input end and the output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer, the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer and the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer are opposite to the input end and the output end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer and the second transverse electric mode multiplexer;
taking the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer as an example, the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer includes a second multimode input waveguide, a third tapered waveguide, a fourth tapered waveguide, a third curved waveguide, a fourth curved waveguide and a fifth single-mode output waveguide;
one end of the second multimode input waveguide is used as the input end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer, the other end of the second multimode input waveguide is connected with one end of a fifth single-mode output waveguide through a third tapered waveguide, and the other end of the fifth single-mode output waveguide is used as the first output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer; one end of the third curved waveguide is vacant, the other end of the third curved waveguide is connected with one end of a fourth curved waveguide through a fourth tapered waveguide, and the other end of the fourth curved waveguide is used as a second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer; and a fourth tapered waveguide is arranged on the side of the third tapered waveguide, and the third tapered waveguide is coupled with the fourth tapered waveguide.
The first polarization beam splitting rotator and the second polarization beam splitting rotator are identical in structure and size, and specifically comprise the following steps:
the waveguide structure comprises a third single-mode input waveguide, a ninth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a tenth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a third adiabatic tapered waveguide, a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a first coupling waveguide, a second coupling waveguide, a fifth curved waveguide, a sixth single-mode output waveguide and a seventh single-mode output waveguide;
one end of a third single-mode input waveguide is used as an input end of the polarization beam splitting rotator, the other end of the third single-mode input waveguide is connected with one end of a sixth single-mode output waveguide after sequentially passing through a ninth adiabatic tapered waveguide, a tenth adiabatic tapered waveguide, an eleventh adiabatic tapered waveguide, a first coupling waveguide and a twelfth adiabatic tapered waveguide, the other end of the sixth single-mode output waveguide is used as a first output end of the polarization beam splitting rotator, one end of a fifth bent waveguide is arranged in a vacant mode, the other end of the fifth bent waveguide is connected with one end of a seventh single-mode output waveguide after sequentially passing through a second coupling waveguide and a sixth bent waveguide, and the other end of the seventh single-mode output waveguide is used as a second output end of the polarization beam splitting rotator; and a second coupling waveguide is arranged on the side of the first coupling waveguide, and the first coupling waveguide is coupled with the second coupling waveguide.
The first multimode nonlinear waveguide and the second multimode nonlinear waveguide are both waveguides which are optimized in dispersion and meet the condition that a mode multiplexing signal generates an all-optical wavelength conversion process based on four-wave mixing, wherein the condition that the mode multiplexing signal generates the all-optical wavelength conversion process means that signal light, pump light and idler light meet energy and momentum conservation and have lower inter-mode crosstalk when the four-wave mixing effect occurs, and the inter-mode crosstalk means crosstalk between the idler lights of different modes generated by the mode multiplexing signal when the four-wave mixing effect occurs in different types.
The first polarization beam splitting rotator and the second polarization beam splitting rotator are both of the type of strongly-limited small-section optical waveguide, and the section size of the first polarization beam splitting rotator and the second polarization beam splitting rotator is in the nanometer level.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can convert all-optical wavelength of a signal simultaneously containing a plurality of wavelengths, wherein each wavelength contains two polarization states of TE and TM, and each polarization state contains two modes of a fundamental mode and a first-order mode. And the transmission of multiplexing signals with low loss and low crosstalk is realized by combining a polarization beam splitting rotator and a mode multiplexer. Meanwhile, the transmission capacity of the communication system is improved by Nx 2 x 2 times by utilizing three-dimensional multiplexing signals of N wavelengths, 2 polarization modes and 2 modes;
2. by utilizing a multi-mode simultaneous dispersion regulation and control method, the dispersion of the multi-mode nonlinear waveguide is optimized, the all-optical wavelength conversion of wavelength-polarization-mode three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signals with wide bandwidth and high conversion efficiency is realized, and the flexibility of a dynamic wavelength routing network can be improved;
3. the cross section of the utilized waveguide is in the nanometer level, belongs to the type of the optical waveguide with the small section with strong limitation, and has the characteristics of easy large-scale integration and expansion, simple structure and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an on-chip all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals.
Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a nonlinear waveguide in an apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transverse electric mode demultiplexer structure.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a polarization beam splitter rotator.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a polarization beam splitter rotator.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the on-chip all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals.
Fig. 8 is a graph of simulation results of the wavelength conversion device in the example.
In the figure: 7. an over cladding, 71, a buffer layer, 8, a first core layer, 81, a second core layer, 9, an over cladding, 11, a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer, 111, a first multimode input waveguide, 112, a first tapered waveguide, 113, a first multimode output waveguide, 114, a first curved waveguide, 115, a second tapered waveguide, 116, a second curved waveguide, 12, a first transverse electric mode demultiplexer, 121, a second multimode input waveguide, 122, a third tapered waveguide, 123, a fifth single mode output waveguide, 124, a third curved waveguide, 125, a fourth tapered waveguide, 126, a fourth curved waveguide, 13, a first transverse electric mode multiplexer, 14, a second transverse electric mode demultiplexer, 15, a second transverse electric mode multiplexer, 16, a third transverse electric mode demultiplexer, 21, a first polarization beam splitting rotator, 211, a third single mode input waveguide, 212a ninth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 212b, a tenth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 212c, an eleventh adiabatically tapered waveguide, 212d, a twelfth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 213, a first coupling waveguide, 214, a sixth single-mode output waveguide, 215, a fifth curved waveguide, 216, a second coupling waveguide, 217, a sixth curved waveguide, 218, a seventh single-mode output waveguide, 22, a second polarization splitting rotator, 31, a first multimode nonlinear waveguide, 32, a second multimode nonlinear waveguide, 40a, a first single-mode output waveguide, 40b, a second single-mode output waveguide, 41a, a third single-mode output waveguide, 41b, a fourth single-mode output waveguide, 51, a first adiabatically tapered waveguide, 52, a second adiabatically tapered waveguide, 53, a third adiabatically tapered waveguide, 54, a fourth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 55, a fifth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 56, a sixth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 57, a seventh adiabatically tapered waveguide, 58, an eighth adiabatically tapered waveguide, 61, a seventh adiabatically tapered waveguide, 58, a fifth adiabatically tapered waveguide, a fifth tapered waveguide, a sixth single-mode nonlinear waveguide, 32, a second multimode nonlinear waveguide, 40a second waveguide, a fourth adiabatically tapered waveguide, a fifth waveguide, a sixth waveguide, a fifth waveguide, a fourth, A first connecting waveguide, 62, a second connecting waveguide.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11, a first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12, a first transverse electric mode multiplexer 13, a second transverse electric mode demultiplexer 14, a second transverse electric mode multiplexer 15, a third transverse electric mode demultiplexer 16, a first polarization beam splitting rotator 21, a second polarization beam splitting rotator 22, a first multimode nonlinear waveguide 31, a second multimode nonlinear waveguide 32, a first single-mode output waveguide 40a, a second single-mode output waveguide 40b, a third single-mode output waveguide 41a, a fourth single-mode output waveguide 41b, a first adiabatic tapered waveguide 51, a second adiabatic tapered waveguide 52, a third adiabatic tapered waveguide 53, a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide 54, a fifth adiabatic tapered waveguide 55, a sixth adiabatic tapered waveguide 56, a seventh adiabatic tapered waveguide 57, an eighth adiabatic tapered waveguide 58, a first connecting waveguide 61, and a second connecting waveguide 62;
the input end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11 is used as the input end of the wavelength conversion device, the first output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11 is connected with the input end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12, the second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12 is connected with the second input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer 13 through the first connecting waveguide 61, the first output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12 is connected with the input end of the second polarization beam splitting rotator 22 through the second adiabatic tapered waveguide 52, the first output end of the second polarization beam splitting rotator 22 is connected with the first input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer 13 through the fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide 54, and the second output of the second polarization beam splitting rotator 22 is connected with the second input end of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer 15;
the second output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11 is connected with the input end of the first polarization beam splitting rotator 21 through a first adiabatic tapered waveguide 51, the second output end of the first polarization beam splitting rotator 21 is connected with the first input of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer 15 after sequentially passing through a third adiabatic tapered waveguide 53 and a second connecting waveguide 62, and the first output of the first polarization beam splitting rotator 21 is vacant;
the output of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer 13 is connected with the input end of the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer 14 after sequentially passing through the fifth adiabatic tapered waveguide 55, the first multimode nonlinear waveguide 31 and the sixth adiabatic tapered waveguide 56, and the first output and the second output of the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer 14 are respectively connected with the first single-mode output waveguide 40a and the third single-mode output waveguide 41 a;
the output of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer 15 is connected with the input end of the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer 16 after sequentially passing through the seventh adiabatic tapered waveguide 57, the second multimode nonlinear waveguide 32 and the eighth adiabatic tapered waveguide 58, and the first output and the second output of the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer 16 are respectively connected with the fourth single-mode output waveguide 41b and the second single-mode output waveguide 40 b;
the first single-mode output waveguide 40a, the second single-mode output waveguide 40b, the third single-mode output waveguide 41a, and the fourth single-mode output waveguide 41b are respectively used as a first output, a second output, a third output, and a fourth output of the wavelength conversion device, the first output, the second output, the third output, and the fourth output of the wavelength conversion device are respectively connected with corresponding filters, and each filter filters out and obtains an idler light corresponding to the wavelength of the signal light. The transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11 outputs a basic mode and a first-order mode of a transverse magnetic mode from a first output end and a second output end respectively, the 3 transverse electric mode demultiplexers output the basic mode and the first-order mode of the transverse electric mode from the first output end and the second output end respectively, the basic mode of the transverse magnetic mode is also output from the first output end, the 2 transverse electric mode multiplexers output the basic mode and the first-order mode of the transverse electric mode after multiplexing, the 2 polarization beam splitting rotators convert the transverse magnetic basic mode into the transverse electric basic mode, and the 2 multimode nonlinear waveguides realize the efficient all-optical wavelength conversion of four-wave mixing.
As shown in fig. 3, the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11 includes a first multimode input waveguide 111, a first tapered waveguide 112, a multimode output waveguide 113, a first curved waveguide 114, a second tapered waveguide 115, and a second curved waveguide 116;
one end of the first multimode input waveguide 111 is used as an input end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11, the other end of the first multimode input waveguide 111 is connected with one end of the multimode output waveguide 113 through the first tapered waveguide 112, and the other end of the multimode output waveguide 113 is used as a first output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11; one end of the first curved waveguide 114 is left vacant, the other end of the first curved waveguide 114 is connected with one end of the second curved waveguide 116 through the second tapered waveguide 115, and the other end of the second curved waveguide 116 serves as a second output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11; a second tapered waveguide 115 is arranged on the side of the first tapered waveguide 112, and the first tapered waveguide 112 is coupled with the second tapered waveguide 115; the side surface of the first tapered waveguide 112 and the side surface of the second tapered waveguide 115 are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals, and the axial length of the first tapered waveguide 112 is the same as that of the second tapered waveguide 115.
The multi-mode input waveguide 111 has a multiplexed mode of waves input at its input end, and only the first-order transverse magnetic mode is output from the output port of the curved waveguide 116, while the other modes of waves are output from the ports of the multi-mode output waveguide 113. At the input end, in order to support the transverse magnetic fundamental mode, the transverse electric fundamental mode, the first transverse magnetic mode and the first transverse electric mode and prevent the transmission of other modes, the width of the multimode input waveguide 111 is selected to be 1.15 micrometers, the narrow side widths of the asymmetric tapered directional coupling waveguides formed by the first tapered waveguide 112 and the second tapered waveguide 115 are respectively selected to be 0.72 micrometer and 0.12 micrometer, the width of the second curved waveguide 116 is 0.3 micrometer, the gap width is selected to be 0.2 micrometer, the gap width in the asymmetric tapered directional coupling waveguides is the distance between the coupling waveguides, namely the waveguide spacing, in the specific implementation, the coupling length exponentially increases along with the increase of the gap width of the coupling waveguides, so that the smaller gap width is selected to reduce the coupling length, improve the compactness of the whole device, and meanwhile, the size limit of the process processing is also considered.
As shown in fig. 4, the first transverse electrical mode demultiplexer 12, the first transverse electrical mode multiplexer 13, the second transverse electrical mode demultiplexer 14, the second transverse electrical mode multiplexer 15, and the third transverse electrical mode demultiplexer 16 are identical in structure and size, but the input and output terminals of the first transverse electrical mode demultiplexer 12, the second transverse electrical mode demultiplexer 14, and the third transverse electrical mode demultiplexer 16 are opposite to the input and output terminals of the first transverse electrical mode multiplexer 13 and the second transverse electrical mode multiplexer 15; namely, the input ends of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12, the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer 14 and the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer 16 are used as the output ends of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer 13 and the second transverse electric mode multiplexer 15, and the first output end and the second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12, the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer 14 and the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer 16 are respectively used as the first input end and the second input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer 13 and the second transverse electric mode multiplexer 15;
taking the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12 as an example, the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12 includes a second multimode input waveguide 121, a third tapered waveguide 122, a fourth tapered waveguide 125, a third curved waveguide 124, a fourth curved waveguide 126 and a fifth single-mode output waveguide 123;
one end of the second multimode input waveguide 121 serves as an input end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12, the other end of the second multimode input waveguide 121 is connected to one end of a fifth single-mode output waveguide 123 through a third tapered waveguide 122, and the other end of the fifth single-mode output waveguide 123 serves as a first output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12; one end of the third curved waveguide 124 is left vacant, the other end of the third curved waveguide 124 is connected to one end of a fourth curved waveguide 126 through a fourth tapered waveguide 125, and the other end of the fourth curved waveguide 126 serves as a second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12; a fourth tapered waveguide 125 is arranged on the side of the third tapered waveguide 122, and the third tapered waveguide 122 is coupled with the fourth tapered waveguide 125; the side surfaces of the third tapered waveguide 122 and the fourth tapered waveguide 125 are parallel to each other and are arranged at equal intervals, and the axial lengths of the third tapered waveguide 122 and the fourth tapered waveguide 125 are the same.
After passing through the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer 11, only the transverse magnetic fundamental mode, the transverse electric fundamental mode, and the first-order transverse electric mode remain in the multimode waveguide, and in the transverse electric mode demultiplexer 12, only the first-order transverse electric mode is output from the output port of the fourth curved waveguide 126, and the other modes are output from the output port of the second multimode output waveguide 123. The width of the second multimode input waveguide 121 is selected to be 0.72 microns, the widths of the narrow sides of the asymmetric tapered directional coupling waveguide formed by the third tapered waveguide 122 and the fourth tapered waveguide 125 are selected to be 0.48 microns and 0.12 microns, respectively, the width of the fourth curved waveguide 126 is selected to be 0.26 microns, and the gap width is selected to be 0.2 microns.
As shown in fig. 5, the first polarization beam splitter rotator 21 and the second polarization beam splitter rotator 22 have the same structure and size, specifically:
comprises a third single-mode input waveguide 211, a ninth adiabatic tapered waveguide 212a, a tenth adiabatic tapered waveguide 212b, a third adiabatic tapered waveguide 212c, a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide 212d, a first coupling waveguide 213, a second coupling waveguide 216, a fifth curved waveguide 215, a sixth curved waveguide 217, a sixth single-mode output waveguide 214, and a seventh single-mode output waveguide 218;
one end of a third single-mode input waveguide 211 is used as an input end of the polarization beam splitting rotator, the other end of the third single-mode input waveguide 211 is connected with one end of a sixth single-mode output waveguide 214 after sequentially passing through a ninth adiabatic tapered waveguide 212a, a tenth adiabatic tapered waveguide 212b, an eleventh adiabatic tapered waveguide 212c, a first coupling waveguide 213 and a twelfth adiabatic tapered waveguide 212d, the other end of the sixth single-mode output waveguide 214 is used as a first output end of the polarization beam splitting rotator, one end of a fifth curved waveguide 215 is vacant, the other end of the fifth curved waveguide 215 is connected with one end of a seventh single-mode output waveguide 218 after sequentially passing through a second coupling waveguide 216 and a sixth curved waveguide 217, and the other end of the seventh single-mode output waveguide 218 is used as a second output end of the polarization beam splitting rotator; a second coupling waveguide 216 is arranged on the side of the first coupling waveguide 213, and the first coupling waveguide 213 is coupled with the second coupling waveguide 216; the side surface of the first coupling waveguide 213 and the side surface of the second coupling waveguide 216 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and the axial lengths of the first coupling waveguide 213 and the second coupling waveguide 216 are the same.
When the transverse magnetic fundamental mode and the transverse electric fundamental mode enter the polarization beam splitting rotator together, a light beam passes through the three sections of adiabatic tapered waveguides, the transverse magnetic fundamental mode is converted into a first-order transverse electric mode, the first coupling waveguide 213 couples the first-order transverse electric mode into the second coupling waveguide 216 to be converted into the transverse electric fundamental mode, and the transverse electric fundamental mode is output at the output end of the fourth single-mode output waveguide 218; meanwhile, the input transverse electric fundamental mode cannot be coupled into the second coupling waveguide 216 due to the phase mismatch existing in the coupling waveguide, so that the same polarization state is maintained in transmission, the transverse electric fundamental mode is obtained in the third single-mode output waveguide 214, and finally, polarization beam splitting rotation is realized.
As shown in FIG. 6, a cross-sectional view of polarization beam splitter rotator 21, polarization beam splitter rotator 21 is mainly composed of two core layers 81 deposited on buffer layer 71 and two core layers 81 surrounded by upper cladding layer 9. In order to realize the Transverse Magnetic mode (TM) conversion into a Transverse Electric mode (TE), a material with unequal refractive indexes of the upper cladding layer and the buffer layer, such as air or silicon nitride, is selected, and mode evolution occurs when a light beam is transmitted in the waveguide. In the embodiment, air is selected as the material of the upper cladding layer 9, the refractive index of which is 1.0003, and the buffer layer 71 is SiO2The core layer 81 is made of Si. The width of the third single mode input waveguide 211 is selected to be 0.54 microns to satisfy the single mode condition, and the widths of the three-segment adiabatic tapered waveguides 212a, 212b, 212c are selected to be 0.69 microns, 0.83 microns, and 0.9 microns, respectively, and their lengths are 4 microns, 44 microns, and 2 microns, respectively. The widths of the first and second coupling waveguides 213 and 216 are 0.9 and 0.405 microns, respectively, and the gap width and coupling length are 0.15 and 7 microns, respectively. The width of the single mode output waveguides 214, 218 is taken to be 0.405 microns.
The first polarization beam splitting rotator 21 and the second polarization beam splitting rotator 22 are both of the strongly confined small-section optical waveguide type, and the sectional dimension thereof is of the order of nanometers.
The first multimode nonlinear waveguide 31 and the second multimode nonlinear waveguide 32 are both waveguides which are optimized in dispersion and meet the condition that the mode multiplexing signal generates a four-wave mixing-based efficient all-optical wavelength conversion process, wherein the condition that the mode multiplexing signal generates the efficient all-optical wavelength conversion process means that signal light, pump light and idler light meet energy and momentum conservation and have low inter-mode crosstalk when a four-wave mixing effect occurs, the range of the inter-mode crosstalk is-20 to-40 dB, and the inter-mode crosstalk is crosstalk between different modes of idler light generated by the mode multiplexing signal when different types of the four-wave mixing effect occur. The inter-mode crosstalk includes linear crosstalk generated by a multiplexer and nonlinear crosstalk generated by an inter-mode four-wave mixing effect. The linear crosstalk refers to incomplete coupling of the mode multiplexer or the mode demultiplexer, a first transverse electric mode is not completely converted into a basic mode of the transverse electric mode, and the nonlinear crosstalk refers to crosstalk between idler lights in different modes generated when mode multiplexing signals generate different types of four-wave mixing effects in the multimode nonlinear waveguide.
In specific implementation, the method for realizing efficient broadband all-optical wavelength conversion is as follows:
by adjusting the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the multimode nonlinear waveguide, the second-order propagation constant in the waveguide is close to zero as much as possible, and a relatively flat dispersion curve is possessed near 1550 nm of a communication waveband, so that TE is ensured as much as possible01And TE11The zero points of the two modal dispersion curves are relatively close, and the zero point of the dispersion curves is around 1550 nm; the power of the pump light and the length of the nonlinear waveguide are adjusted to enable the wavelength conversion efficiency to be maximum, and the high-efficiency four-wave mixing effect is achieved in the nonlinear waveguide. The nonlinear waveguide is 741nm wide, 220nm high and 8.7mm long.
The multimode nonlinear waveguide in the device adopts a nanowire optical waveguide based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material, the nanowire optical waveguide mainly comprises a core layer 8 and a cladding layer 7, the schematic cross section diagram of the nanowire optical waveguide is shown in figure 2, the cladding layer 7 is made of SiO2 material, the thickness is 3 microns, and the refractive index is 1.44; the core layer 8 is of Si material, 0.22 microns thick and has a refractive index of 3.47.
The working process of the all-optical wavelength conversion device on a silicon substrate as a three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signal of the present invention is described below:
the working principle of the invention is shown in fig. 7, and the signal light of each wavelength () carrying information is a bundleAnd pumping light with the working wavelength of 1550 nm is simultaneously input from the input end of the all-optical wavelength conversion device, and idler frequency light corresponding to the wavelength of the signal light is obtained at the output end. The signal light and the idler light simultaneously comprise two polarization states (TM and TE), and each polarization state comprises two modes (a fundamental mode and a first-order mode). When signal light and pump light are input into the all-optical wavelength conversion device, the signal light and the pump light firstly enter the input end (TM) of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer11Mode demultiplexer) each wavelength of the light beam contains two polarization states, each polarization state containing both a fundamental mode and a first order mode. TM polarized first-order mode component in signal light and pump light passes through transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (TM)11Mode demultiplexer) and input to the input of the polarization beam splitting rotator 1, i.e. output from the lower waveguide, and into the transverse electric mode multiplexer (TE)11A lower input port of the mode multiplexer 2); the TE polarization first-order mode component is downloaded from the transverse electric mode demultiplexer and input to the input end of the transverse electric mode multiplexer through the connecting waveguide, namely output from the upper waveguide and input into the transverse electric mode multiplexer (TE)11An upper input port of the mode multiplexer 1); the TE and TM fundamental modes are transmitted in the bus waveguide until entering the polarization beam splitting rotator, the TM fundamental mode is converted into the TE fundamental mode, the TE fundamental mode is output from the lower waveguide of the polarization beam splitting rotator and enters a transverse electric mode multiplexer (TE)11Mode multiplexer 2), the TE fundamental mode is output directly from the bus waveguide and enters the transverse electric mode multiplexer (TE)11Mode multiplexer 1). The light beams in two polarization states are subjected to all-optical wavelength conversion based on a four-wave mixing effect in two multimode nonlinear waveguides respectively, generated idler frequency light, signal light and pump light enter two transverse electric mode demultiplexers together, finally, the idler frequency light is filtered out through filters from the output of four single-mode output waveguides, the required idler frequency light is obtained, the idler frequency light output by a port 1 of the single-mode output waveguide carries signals identical to TE first-order mode signal light, the idler frequency light output by a port 2 of the single-mode output waveguide carries signals identical to TE basic mode signal light, the idler frequency light output by a port 3 of the single-mode output waveguide carries signals identical to TM basic mode signal light, and the idler frequency light output by a port 4 of the single-mode output waveguide carries signals identical to TM basic mode signal lightCarrying the same signal as the TM first-order mode signal light.
Since the devices in the device have broadband characteristics, the device is suitable for all-optical wavelength conversion of a mixed multiplexing signal of channels with the wavelength number of N multiplied by the polarization number of 2 multiplied by the mode number of 2= 4N. The conversion efficiency of the idler frequency light output by the wavelength conversion device in the dual-polarization dual-mode is related to the wavelength of the signal light, as shown in fig. 8, because the TM-polarized signal light needs to pass through the polarization beam splitter rotator and the losses of the different modes of light during transmission are different, the loss of the TM-polarized signal light is larger than that of the TE-polarized signal light, and the conversion efficiency is lower by 0.45 dB. Simulation results show that the device has the characteristics of high conversion efficiency (-20.7dB) and broadband (66 nm), and can realize all-optical wavelength conversion of three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signals.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signal all-optical wavelength conversion device on a silicon substrate is characterized in that: the polarization beam splitter comprises a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11), a first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12), a first transverse electric mode multiplexer (13), a second transverse electric mode demultiplexer (14), a second transverse electric mode multiplexer (15), a third transverse electric mode demultiplexer (16), a first polarization beam splitter rotator (21), a second polarization beam splitter rotator (22), a first multimode nonlinear waveguide (31), a second multimode nonlinear waveguide (32), a first single-mode output waveguide (40 a), a second single-mode output waveguide (40 b), a third single-mode output waveguide (41 a), a fourth single-mode output waveguide (41 b), a first adiabatic tapered waveguide (51), a second adiabatic tapered waveguide (52), a third adiabatic tapered waveguide (53), a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide (54), a fifth adiabatic tapered waveguide (55), a sixth adiabatic tapered waveguide (56), a seventh adiabatic tapered waveguide (57), An eighth adiabatic tapered waveguide (58), a first connecting waveguide (61), and a second connecting waveguide (62);
the input end of a transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11) is used as the input end of a wavelength conversion device, the first output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11) is connected with the input end of a first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12), the second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12) is connected with the second input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer (13) through a first connecting waveguide (61), the first output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12) is connected with the input end of a second polarization beam splitting rotator (22) through a second adiabatic tapered waveguide (52), the first output end of the second polarization beam splitting rotator (22) is connected with the first input end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer (13) through a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide (54), and the second output end of the second polarization beam splitting rotator (22) is connected with the second input end of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer (15);
a second output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11) is connected with an input end of a first polarization beam splitting rotator (21) through a first adiabatic tapered waveguide (51), a second output end of the first polarization beam splitting rotator (21) is connected with a first input of a second transverse electric mode multiplexer (15) after sequentially passing through a third adiabatic tapered waveguide (53) and a second connecting waveguide (62), and a first output of the first polarization beam splitting rotator (21) is vacant;
the output of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer (13) is connected with the input end of the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer (14) after sequentially passing through a fifth adiabatic tapered waveguide (55), a first multimode nonlinear waveguide (31) and a sixth adiabatic tapered waveguide (56), and the first output and the second output of the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer (14) are respectively connected with a first single-mode output waveguide (40 a) and a third single-mode output waveguide (41 a);
the output of the second transverse electric mode multiplexer (15) is connected with the input end of a third transverse electric mode demultiplexer (16) after sequentially passing through a seventh adiabatic tapered waveguide (57), a second multimode nonlinear waveguide (32) and an eighth adiabatic tapered waveguide (58), and the first output and the second output of the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer (16) are respectively connected with a fourth single-mode output waveguide (41 b) and a second single-mode output waveguide (40 b);
the third single-mode output waveguide (41 a), the first single-mode output waveguide (40 a), the second single-mode output waveguide (40 b) and the fourth single-mode output waveguide (41 b) are respectively used as a first output, a second output, a third output and a fourth output of the wavelength conversion device, the first output, the second output, the third output and the fourth output of the wavelength conversion device are respectively connected with corresponding filters, and each filter filters out idler frequency light corresponding to the obtained signal light wavelength.
2. The all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11) comprises a first multimode input waveguide (111), a first tapered waveguide (112), a multimode output waveguide (113), a first curved waveguide (114), a second tapered waveguide (115) and a second curved waveguide (116);
one end of a first multimode input waveguide (111) is used as an input end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11), the other end of the first multimode input waveguide (111) is connected with one end of a multimode output waveguide (113) through a first tapered waveguide (112), and the other end of the multimode output waveguide (113) is used as a first output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11); one end of the first curved waveguide (114) is vacant, the other end of the first curved waveguide (114) is connected with one end of the second curved waveguide (116) through the second tapered waveguide (115), and the other end of the second curved waveguide (116) is used as a second output end of the transverse magnetic mode demultiplexer (11); and a second tapered waveguide (115) is arranged on the side of the first tapered waveguide (112), and the first tapered waveguide (112) is coupled with the second tapered waveguide (115).
3. The all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12), the first transverse electric mode multiplexer (13), the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer (14), the second transverse electric mode multiplexer (15) and the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer (16) are identical in structure and size, but the input end and the output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12), the second transverse electric mode demultiplexer (14) and the third transverse electric mode demultiplexer (16) are opposite to the input end and the output end of the first transverse electric mode multiplexer (13) and the second transverse electric mode multiplexer (15);
the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12) comprises a second multimode input waveguide (121), a third tapered waveguide (122), a fourth tapered waveguide (125), a third curved waveguide (124), a fourth curved waveguide (126) and a fifth single-mode output waveguide (123);
one end of a second multimode input waveguide (121) is used as the input end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12), the other end of the second multimode input waveguide (121) is connected with one end of a fifth single-mode output waveguide (123) through a third tapered waveguide (122), and the other end of the fifth single-mode output waveguide (123) is used as the first output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12); one end of the third curved waveguide (124) is vacant, the other end of the third curved waveguide (124) is connected with one end of a fourth curved waveguide (126) through a fourth tapered waveguide (125), and the other end of the fourth curved waveguide (126) is used as a second output end of the first transverse electric mode demultiplexer (12); a fourth tapered waveguide (125) is arranged on the side of the third tapered waveguide (122), and the third tapered waveguide (122) is coupled with the fourth tapered waveguide (125).
4. The all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the first polarization beam splitting rotator (21) and the second polarization beam splitting rotator (22) have the same structure and size, and specifically comprise the following steps:
comprises a third single-mode input waveguide (211), a ninth adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 a), a tenth adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 b), an eleventh adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 c), a fourth adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 d), a first coupling waveguide (213), a second coupling waveguide (216), a fifth curved waveguide (215), a sixth curved waveguide (217), a sixth single-mode output waveguide (214) and a seventh single-mode output waveguide (218);
one end of a third single-mode input waveguide (211) is used as the input end of the polarization beam splitting rotator, the other end of the third single-mode input waveguide (211) sequentially passes through a ninth adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 a) and a tenth adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 b), an eleventh adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 c), a first coupling waveguide (213) and a twelfth adiabatic tapered waveguide (212 d) are connected with one end of a sixth single-mode output waveguide (214), the other end of the sixth single-mode output waveguide (214) is used as a first output end of the polarization beam splitting rotator, one end of a fifth curved waveguide (215) is vacant, the other end of the fifth curved waveguide (215) is connected with one end of a seventh single-mode output waveguide (218) after sequentially passing through a second coupling waveguide (216) and a sixth curved waveguide (217), and the other end of the seventh single-mode output waveguide (218) is used as a second output end of the polarization beam splitting rotator; and a second coupling waveguide (216) is arranged on the side of the first coupling waveguide (213), and the first coupling waveguide (213) is coupled with the second coupling waveguide (216).
5. The all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein:
the first multimode nonlinear waveguide (31) and the second multimode nonlinear waveguide (32) are both waveguides which are optimized in dispersion and meet the all-optical wavelength conversion process condition based on four-wave mixing of the mode multiplexing signal, wherein the condition that the all-optical wavelength conversion process of the mode multiplexing signal is met means that signal light, pump light and idler light meet energy and momentum conservation and have low inter-mode crosstalk when the four-wave mixing effect occurs, and the inter-mode crosstalk means crosstalk between the idler lights in different modes generated by the mode multiplexing signal when different types of the four-wave mixing effect occur.
6. The all-optical wavelength conversion device for three-dimensional hybrid multiplexed signals on a silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the first polarization beam splitting rotator (21) and the second polarization beam splitting rotator (22) are both of the type of optical waveguide with a strong limit small cross section, and the cross section size of the optical waveguide is in the nanometer level.
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