CN113484758A - Storage battery internal resistance detection circuit and use method thereof - Google Patents

Storage battery internal resistance detection circuit and use method thereof Download PDF

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CN113484758A
CN113484758A CN202110724013.3A CN202110724013A CN113484758A CN 113484758 A CN113484758 A CN 113484758A CN 202110724013 A CN202110724013 A CN 202110724013A CN 113484758 A CN113484758 A CN 113484758A
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storage battery
battery
internal resistance
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electrically connected
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卢继武
白月
刘平
吴迪
刘敏
罗建平
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Hunan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a storage battery internal resistance detection circuit which comprises an MCU minimum system circuit module, wherein the MCU minimum system circuit module is electrically connected with a voltage signal generator, the voltage signal generator is electrically connected with a voltage-current conversion circuit, the current output end of the voltage-current conversion circuit is electrically connected with a storage battery to be detected, the ground end is electrically connected with a precision resistor, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the precision resistor to form a series circuit; the two ends of the storage battery and the two ends of the precision resistor are both electrically connected with the channel switching circuit, the channel switching circuit is electrically connected with the differential amplification circuit, the differential amplification circuit is electrically connected with the band-pass filter circuit, the band-pass filter circuit is electrically connected with the peak detection circuit, and the peak detection circuit is electrically connected with the MCU minimum system circuit module. The invention utilizes MCU resources to the maximum extent, greatly reduces the system cost, has simple measuring circuit structure, can apply the measuring result to the internal resistance early warning system of the storage battery, and has strong practicability for the actual internal resistance measuring scene of the storage battery.

Description

Storage battery internal resistance detection circuit and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electricity, and particularly relates to a storage battery internal resistance detection circuit and a use method thereof.
Background
The storage battery is a relatively complex chemical system device, and in addition, the working environments of the storage battery are quite different, and the working environments of some storage batteries are quite severe, so that a lot of difficulties still exist in monitoring the health condition of the storage battery by people, and a relatively good solution and coping scheme does not exist at present. Although it is very difficult to detect the health of the backup battery, it is also very important, since the battery applied to the backup power supply is directly related to the stability and safety of the backup power supply system. At present, computer systems related to national defense and military and bank finance in China mostly use backup power supplies, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and expenses are inevitably consumed if workers are arranged to watch around all the day. Therefore, the research on the health condition of the storage battery aims to improve the stability of the storage battery in use and guarantee the good condition of the storage battery in the use process, and the like. The monitoring technology for optimizing the storage battery is improved, so that accidents caused by poor operation conditions of the storage battery can be effectively reduced, the safety of users can be protected, and the economic loss of the users can be reduced. Therefore, the main task of monitoring the storage battery is to detect the early failure of the storage battery through a quick and effective method and accurately estimate the health state of the storage battery while improving the reliability of the storage battery and reducing the manual maintenance time. As batteries become more widely used in our daily lives, the health of the batteries also becomes a concern.
The method for detecting the internal resistance of the storage battery can be divided into a direct current discharge method and an alternating current method. Along with the development of the storage battery internal resistance detection technology, a plurality of novel detection technologies derived based on the principles of a direct current method and an alternating current method appear: for example, a DCR method and an HPPC method based on a direct current discharge method are both used for discharging the storage battery in different modes according to the principle of direct current discharge, and then the direct current internal resistance of the storage battery is obtained through the corresponding calculation principle; in addition, the DFIS technology based on the principle of the alternating current injection method divides the injected current excitation into three current signals with different frequencies and small amplitudes on the basis of the alternating current injection method, and the alternating current impedance of the storage battery is obtained through calculation by detecting battery response signals of the three frequencies.
In many markets at home and abroad, a plurality of products can basically detect the internal resistance of the storage battery. For example, the american Alber company has previously owned a technical patent for detecting the internal resistance of the storage battery by a large current (nearly 70A) dc discharge method, and a series of products mainly represented by the cellder intelligent battery internal resistance tester are proposed according to the technology, the basic measurement principle is to discharge the large current of the storage battery by generating an instantaneous load on the storage battery, and then measure the instantaneous voltage drop and the load current of the storage battery to calculate the internal resistance of the battery, and the instrument can effectively eliminate the noise interference generated by the outside world, and the precision can reach 0.1%, but the large current discharge has certain requirements on the load condition. In addition, the HIOKI 3554 produced by the HIOKI company in japan adopts an alternating current injection method for measuring the internal resistance, and is a typical product of the method, and the method is mainly characterized in that 1kHz alternating current is injected into two poles of a storage battery, then the voltage response of the storage battery is measured, and then the accurate online measurement of the internal resistance of the storage battery can be realized through a corresponding calculation formula.
However, the current different methods for detecting the internal resistance of the lead-acid storage battery have the following defects:
density method and open circuit voltage method: the basic principle of measuring the internal resistance of the lead-acid storage battery by the density method is to estimate the internal resistance of the storage battery according to the density of electrolyte in the lead-acid storage battery, and the method is only suitable for measuring the internal resistance of an open type lead-acid storage battery, but cannot measure the internal resistance of a sealed lead-acid storage battery, and is weak in applicability. The open circuit voltage method is to estimate the internal resistance of the battery directly from the terminal voltage of the battery, and the method has poor precision and can even make an erroneous conclusion because the terminal voltage of a lead-acid battery may be normally present in a float state even if the capacity of the lead-acid battery has decreased to a very low level.
Detecting the internal resistance of the battery by a direct current method: the method for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery by using the direct current method is simple in basic principle, circuit test and design are easy to realize, but very high discharge current is usually needed during measurement, the current can reach dozens or even hundreds of amperes, and large-current charging and discharging behaviors are needed during each measurement. The most important point is that when the lead-acid storage battery supplies power to equipment, the direct current method is not feasible to measure the internal resistance, and during the discharging period and the recharging period after the discharging period, the battery cannot supply power to the load in an emergency condition so as to seriously affect the stability of the operation of the system, so the direct current method has the defects in realizing the online monitoring of the lead-acid storage battery.
An alternating current injection method: compared with a direct-current discharge method, the alternating-current injection method does not need to discharge and does not need to be in a standing state or an off-line state for measurement, and is a better method for carrying out safe online monitoring management on the lead-acid storage battery at present. However, the general ac injection method needs to measure the amplitude of the ac injection current, the weak response signal of the battery voltage, and the phase difference between the voltage and the current, and this method needs many elements to be measured, and is greatly affected by the external noise, and the measurement accuracy depends on the anti-interference capability of the measurement circuit to a great extent.
The alternating current injection method is used as a technology capable of realizing online measurement of storage batteries, a feasible scheme is provided for monitoring internal resistance parameters of the batteries in real time in the battery operation and maintenance industry, but the use of the storage batteries is usually supplied with power in a battery pack mode, and the cost problem needs to be considered seriously if the condition of each battery is monitored, the current widely used alternating current injection method internal resistance measurement scheme is based on an AD630 chip of ADI company, the price of a single chip is more than 150 yuan, the cost is very high in a large-scale monitoring scene, the basic principle block diagram is shown in figure 1, the price of a later-stage signal conditioning circuit is higher, the scheme is feasible as a single storage battery internal resistance measurement instrument, but the development cost is greatly increased in a BMS system with the application scene of supplying power for a plurality of storage batteries in series connection, and the invention improves the circuit aiming at the defects of the scheme, the internal resistance measuring method is simple in structure, capable of detecting internal resistance change of the storage battery and low in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a storage battery internal resistance detection circuit and a manufacturing method thereof. The invention uses MCU to change different current frequencies and repeat, and the effective internal resistance of the battery to be tested can be obtained according to the relevant principle. The method reduces the voltage amplification factor, the current amplitude and the filtering attenuation factor which possibly have larger errors in the whole system through proportional operation, improves the impedance detection precision, and simultaneously extracts the effective internal resistance of the battery through a method of measuring by frequency conversion by using software, thereby saving the cost of detecting the phase deviation of a signal through hardware.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a storage battery internal resistance detection circuit comprises an MCU1, wherein a voltage signal generator 2 is electrically connected with an MCU1, the voltage signal generator 2 is electrically connected with a voltage-current conversion circuit 3, the current output end of the voltage-current conversion circuit 3 is electrically connected with a storage battery 4 to be detected, the ground end of the voltage-current conversion circuit 3 is electrically connected with a precision resistor 5, and the storage battery 4 and the precision resistor 5 are electrically connected to form a series loop; the two ends of the storage battery 4 and the two ends of the precision resistor 5 are both electrically connected with the channel switching circuit 6, the channel switching circuit 6 is electrically connected with the differential amplifying circuit 7, the differential amplifying circuit 7 is electrically connected with the band-pass filter circuit 8, the band-pass filter circuit 8 is electrically connected with the peak detection circuit 9, and the peak detection circuit 9 is electrically connected with the MCU 1.
In a further improvement, the band-pass filter circuit 8 is a fourth-order band-pass filter circuit.
In a further improvement, a plurality of storage batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the channel switching circuit 6 sequentially performs voltage detection on the storage batteries through an analog switch chip; and the MCU is an MCU minimum system circuit module.
A use method of the storage battery internal resistance detection circuit comprises the following steps:
step one, the MCU1 controls the voltage signal generator to emit two different frequencies marked as f0And f1The sine current signal of the storage battery determines the proportional relation between the impedance of the storage battery and the precision resistor according to the voltages at the two ends of the storage battery and the precision resistor;
step two, the internal resistance of the storage battery is equivalent to a series model of ohmic internal resistance and capacitance, and the ohmic internal resistance of the storage battery is set as R0The capacitance is C, and the proportional relation between the impedance of the storage battery and the precision resistance is respectively corresponding to f0And f1Impedance value of0I and I Z1|：
Solving the equation set to obtain the ohmic internal resistance R of the storage battery0。
In a further improvement, the first step comprises the following steps:
the sine current I generated by the sine voltage signal through the conversion circuit is recorded as
I＝Asin(wt) (1)
Wherein A is the amplitude of the injected current, w is the signal frequency, and t is the time variable; recording the total gain of the signal passing through a differential amplifier and a band-pass filter as G, injecting a current I into a series circuit of a storage battery and a precision resistor, and obtaining a battery response signal U by differentially amplifying and filtering the signalbatAnd a resistance response signal UresRespectively as follows:
Ubat＝GA|Z|sin(wt+θ) (2)
Ures＝GARsin(wt) (3)
wherein Z represents the impedance of the storage battery, theta represents the phase shift generated by the current flowing through the battery, and R represents the resistance value of the precision resistor; will UbatAnd UresConnected into a peak value detection circuit to respectively obtain direct current voltages VbatAnd Vres：
Vbat＝GAB|Z| (4)
Vres＝GABR (5)
Wherein, B is an attenuation factor caused by the signal entering the peak value detection circuit, and the relationship between the battery impedance and the resistance value of the precision resistor is finally obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003137826690000041
|Z|batrepresenting the battery impedance value.
In a further improvement, the second step includes the following steps:
respectively corresponding f is obtained according to the measuring method for changing the frequency of the injected current in the step one0And f1Impedance value of0I and I Z1Equivalent to ohmic internal resistance ROAnd a capacitor C, so that the equivalent model of the storage battery is a complex impedance, and the impedance calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003137826690000042
Figure BDA0003137826690000043
note 2 pi f0＝A0,2πf1＝A1Wherein A is0Representing a frequency f0Angular frequency of time, A1Representing a frequency f1Angular frequency of time; r0Indicating the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
In a further improvement, the third step includes the following steps:
simultaneous (7) and (8) elimination
Figure BDA0003137826690000044
To obtain a series capacitor C2Is shown in (9):
Figure BDA0003137826690000045
the joint vertical type (7) and (9) are as follows:
Figure BDA0003137826690000046
the internal resistance of the battery was obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0003137826690000051
in the first step, when the storage battery is measured at a fixed frequency, a group of current is sent, an AD sampling part in the MCU1 samples n groups of data, the n groups of data are arranged from small to large, and the data at the middle part is selected to calculate the internal resistance of the storage battery; the MCU1 is an MCU minimum system circuit module.
And further improvement, the output voltage of each storage battery after being connected into the circuit is repeatedly measured m times, the variance of m groups of voltages is calculated, if the variance is lower than a preset threshold value, the mean value of the m times of voltages is used as an index for calculating the impedance value of the storage battery, otherwise, the storage battery is detected again, and therefore possible interference generated in the measurement process is reduced.
In a further improvement, n is 11 and m is 5.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention uses MCU to change different current frequencies and repeat, and the effective internal resistance of the battery to be tested can be obtained according to the relevant principle. The method reduces the voltage amplification factor, the current amplitude and the filtering attenuation factor which possibly have larger errors in the whole system through proportional operation, improves the impedance detection precision, and simultaneously extracts the effective internal resistance of the battery through a method of measuring by frequency conversion by using software, thereby saving the cost of detecting the phase deviation of a signal through hardware.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an AD630 chip scheme;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the impedance composition of a battery;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of single board measurement;
FIG. 5 is a voltage to current circuit diagram;
FIG. 6 is a voltage amplification circuit diagram;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a fourth order bandpass filter circuit;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a peak detector;
fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a multi-cell time-sharing measurement circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The invention is suitable for measuring the internal resistance of a single battery of a battery pack, and the schematic block diagram of a single battery measuring circuit is shown in figure 1.
The alternating current injection method firstly needs to convert a sinusoidal voltage signal into a stable sinusoidal current signal, the amplitude of the sinusoidal current signal is in a mA level, so that the normal power supply of the lead-acid storage battery cannot be influenced, the internal resistance of the lead-acid storage battery is small in the initial use stage, the response signal is in a mu V level, therefore, the voltage response after current injection is very weak, the signal needs to be amplified by one hundred times and filtered to extract a battery response signal, the weak signal is more easily interfered by a noise signal, a band-pass filter needs to be added into the system to obtain a cleaner voltage response signal, and finally, the amplitude of the response signal is obtained through a peak detection circuit. The introduced precision resistor is mainly used for reference, and the impedance value is calculated by the ratio relation that the ratio of the battery impedance to the precision resistor is equal to the direct current output of the system. And (3) changing the frequency by using the MCU, repeating the steps, and obtaining the effective internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the relevant principle. The method reduces the voltage amplification factor, the current amplitude and the filtering attenuation factor which possibly have larger errors in the whole system through proportional operation, improves the impedance detection precision, and simultaneously extracts the effective internal resistance of the battery through a method of measuring by frequency conversion by using software, thereby saving the cost of detecting the phase deviation of a signal through hardware.
Relationship between battery impedance and precision resistor (precision resistor is known as resistor with precise resistance)
In the alternating current method, a sinusoidal current generated by a sinusoidal voltage signal through a conversion circuit is represented as formula (1):
I＝Asin(wt) (1)
where A is the amplitude of the injected current and w is the signal frequency. Recording the total gain of a signal passing through a differential amplifier and a band-pass filter as G, wherein a battery response signal and a resistance response signal obtained by differentially amplifying and filtering the signal in a series circuit of a battery and a precision resistor are respectively recorded in formulas (2) and (3):
Ubat＝GA|Z|sin(wt+θ) (2)
Ures＝GARsin(wt) (3)
the two signals are connected into a peak value detection circuit to respectively obtain direct current voltage VbatAnd VresAs shown in formulas (4) and (5):
Vbat＝GAB|Z| (4)
Vres＝GABR (5)
wherein, B is an attenuation factor caused by the signal entering the peak value detection circuit, and the relationship between the battery impedance and the precise resistor resistance value can be finally obtained as the following expression (6):
Figure BDA0003137826690000061
frequency division injection current extraction battery effective resistance principle
The internal resistance of the known lead-acid storage battery can be regarded as a series connection of an effective resistor and a capacitor, and is externally represented as a complex impedance as shown in fig. 2.
The principle of extracting the effective internal resistance of the storage battery by frequency division is as follows:
when two different frequencies are respectively injected into the storage battery, the frequency is recorded as f0And f1When the current is in the range of (1), the ohmic resistance of the storage battery is recorded as R0And the capacitance is C, and two different impedance values can be obtained by the proportion method as shown in the formulas (7) and (8):
Figure BDA0003137826690000062
Figure BDA0003137826690000063
note 2 pi f0＝A0,2πf1＝A1Simultaneous elimination of the formulae (7) and (8)
Figure BDA0003137826690000064
The expression that can be obtained for the series capacitance C2 is shown in (9):
Figure BDA0003137826690000071
simultaneous formulae (7) and (9) give:
Figure BDA0003137826690000072
further simplification is carried out to finally obtain an internal resistance measurement formula as follows:
Figure BDA0003137826690000073
and the single board measures the internal resistance control strategy of the multiple batteries in a time-sharing manner.
The part is realized through ADG409 analog switch chip, and the system realizes the function of selecting more one through the level of MCU control analog switch selection end, and the measurement of four sections battery can be accomplished to 2 ADG409 cooperation MCU's 2 IO mouths. The measuring process of the invention is illustrated by taking a measuring process of four storage batteries as an example:
step 1: the MCU outputs a control signal 00 to the two ADGs 409, and a first storage battery is selected to start measurement;
step 2: and carrying out AD sampling on the direct-current voltage generated by the internal resistance of the battery, continuously sampling for 11 times in order to ensure the reliability of data, sequencing 11 groups of data from small to large, and selecting the 5 th data as the current voltage measurement value to play a role in filtering pulse interference.
And step 3: if the variance of the result of 5 calculations in the routine, which repeats the operation of step 2 5 times, is less than the acceptable range, it indicates that the battery response signal has stabilized and the first battery measurement is complete.
The above three steps are repeated next, and only the control signal output in the first step is changed to sequentially output 00, 01, 10 and 11. And finishing the internal resistance measurement of the four storage batteries.
The scheme for measuring the internal resistance and controlling the channel conversion chip by the alternating current injection method can realize online measurement of the internal resistance of the lead-acid storage battery and utilize MCU resources to the maximum extent, greatly reduces the system cost, has a simple measurement circuit structure, can apply the measurement result to an internal resistance early warning system of the storage battery, and has strong practicability for the actual internal resistance measurement scene of the storage battery.
The above description is only one specific guiding embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modification of the present invention using this concept shall fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The storage battery internal resistance detection circuit is characterized by comprising an MCU (1), wherein the MCU (1) is electrically connected with a voltage signal generator (2), the voltage signal generator (2) is electrically connected with a voltage-current conversion circuit (3), the current output end of the voltage-current conversion circuit (3) is electrically connected with a storage battery (4) to be detected, the ground end of the voltage-current conversion circuit (3) is electrically connected with a precision resistor (5), and the storage battery (4) and the precision resistor (5) are electrically connected to form a series circuit; the two ends of the storage battery (4) and the two ends of the precision resistor (5) are electrically connected with the channel switching circuit (6), the channel switching circuit (6) is electrically connected with the differential amplification circuit (7), the differential amplification circuit (7) is electrically connected with the band-pass filter circuit (8), the band-pass filter circuit (8) is electrically connected with the peak detection circuit (9), and the peak detection circuit (9) is electrically connected with the MCU (1).
2. The battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the band-pass filter circuit (8) is a fourth-order band-pass filter circuit.
3. The battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the number of the storage batteries is plural, the storage batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack, and the channel switching circuit (6) sequentially performs voltage detection on the storage batteries through an analog switch chip; the MCU (1) is a MCU minimum system circuit module.
4. A method for using the circuit for detecting the internal resistance of a secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
step one, MCU (1) controls a voltage signal generator to emit two different frequencies marked as f0And f1The sine current signal of the storage battery determines the proportional relation between the impedance of the storage battery and the precision resistor according to the voltages at the two ends of the storage battery and the precision resistor;
step two, the internal resistance of the storage battery is equivalent to a series model of ohmic internal resistance and capacitance, and the ohmic internal resistance of the storage battery is set as R0The capacitance is C, and the proportional relation between the impedance of the storage battery and the precision resistance is respectively corresponding to f0And f1Impedance value of0I and I Z1|：
Solving the equation set to obtain the ohmic internal resistance R of the storage battery0。
5. The use method of the battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 4, wherein the step one comprises the steps of:
the sine current I generated by the sine voltage signal through the conversion circuit is recorded as
I＝Asin(wt) (1)
Wherein A is the amplitude of the injected current, w is the signal frequency, and t is the time variable; recording the total gain of the signal passing through a differential amplifier and a band-pass filter as G, injecting a current I into a series circuit of a storage battery and a precision resistor, and obtaining a battery response signal U by differentially amplifying and filtering the signalbatAnd a resistance response signal UresRespectively as follows:
Ubat＝GA|Z|sin(wt+θ) (2)
Ures＝GARsin(wt) (3)
wherein Z represents the impedance of the storage battery, theta represents the phase shift generated by the current flowing through the battery, and R represents the resistance value of the precision resistor; will UbatAnd UresConnected into a peak value detection circuit to respectively obtain direct current voltages VbatAnd Vres：
Vbat＝GAB|Z| (4)
Vres＝GABR (5)
Wherein, B is an attenuation factor caused by the signal entering the peak value detection circuit, and the relationship between the battery impedance and the resistance value of the precision resistor is finally obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0003137826680000021
|Z|batrepresenting the battery impedance value.
6. The use method of the battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the second step includes the steps of:
respectively corresponding f is obtained according to the measuring method for changing the frequency of the injected current in the step one0And f1Impedance value of0I and I Z1Equivalent to ohmic internal resistance R0And a capacitor C, so that the equivalent model of the storage battery is a complex impedance, and the impedance calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003137826680000022
Figure FDA0003137826680000023
note 2 pi f0＝A0，2πf1＝A1Wherein A is0Representing a frequency f0Angular frequency of time, A1Representing a frequency f1Angular frequency of time; r0Indicating the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
7. The use method of the battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 6, wherein the third step includes the steps of:
simultaneous (7) and (8) elimination
Figure FDA0003137826680000024
To obtain a series capacitor C2Is shown in (9):
Figure FDA0003137826680000025
the joint vertical type (7) and (9) are as follows:
Figure FDA0003137826680000026
the internal resistance of the battery was obtained as follows:
Figure FDA0003137826680000027
8. the use method of the storage battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that in the first step, when the storage battery is measured at a fixed frequency, a group of current is sent, an AD sampling part in the MCU (1) samples n groups of data, the n groups of data are arranged in a descending order, and the data at the middle part is selected to calculate the internal resistance of the storage battery; the MCU (1) is a MCU minimum system circuit module.
9. The use method of the battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 8, wherein the output voltage after each battery is connected to the circuit is repeatedly measured m times, the variance of m groups of voltages is calculated, if the variance is lower than a preset threshold value, the mean value of the m times of voltages is used as an index for calculating the impedance value of the battery, otherwise, the battery is detected again, so as to reduce the interference possibly generated in the measurement process.
10. The use method of the internal resistance detection circuit for a secondary battery according to claim 9, wherein n is 11 and m is 5.
CN202110724013.3A 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 Storage battery internal resistance detection circuit and use method thereof Pending CN113484758A (en)

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