CN111208352A - Storage battery internal resistance measuring method and system - Google Patents
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- CN111208352A CN111208352A CN202010059676.3A CN202010059676A CN111208352A CN 111208352 A CN111208352 A CN 111208352A CN 202010059676 A CN202010059676 A CN 202010059676A CN 111208352 A CN111208352 A CN 111208352A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/386—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables using test-loads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of battery internal resistance detection, in particular to a method and a system for measuring internal resistance of a storage battery, wherein the method for measuring internal resistance of the storage battery comprises the following steps: discharging the storage battery; disconnecting discharge, and collecting a first voltage value and a current value at two ends of the storage battery before the moment of disconnecting discharge and a second voltage value at two ends of the storage battery after disconnecting discharge; and calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery through the voltage difference of the first voltage and the second voltage and the current value. The method not only can effectively avoid the influence of virtual voltage, electrochemical polarization resistance and concentration polarization resistance of the storage battery and realize accurate test of ohmic resistance in the battery, but also has high accuracy, high precision and high anti-interference measurement performance. Therefore, the method simplifies the measuring method of the internal resistance of the storage battery, shortens the measuring time, further reduces the detection cost, and is convenient for estimating the capacity of the storage battery by using the internal resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery internal resistance detection, in particular to a method and a system for measuring internal resistance of a storage battery.
Background
The storage battery is a device for directly converting chemical energy into electric energy, and the working principle of the storage battery is that when the storage battery is charged, external electric energy is utilized to regenerate internal active substances, the electric energy is stored into the chemical energy, and when the storage battery needs to be discharged, the chemical energy is converted into the electric energy again to be output. Therefore, the storage battery is widely used in UPS uninterruptible power supplies as a backup power source, and the backup power source needs to provide enough power to ensure power supply when a power failure accident occurs.
The storage battery is an important component of a direct current system, determines the backup time of the system, and the capacity performance of the storage battery is gradually degraded after the storage battery is used online. The standard method for measuring the capacity of the storage battery is to perform constant-current direct-current discharge for 10 hours, but in practical application, the method has limitations, namely, long-time discharge is needed, and the online storage battery does not allow the battery to release more electric quantity due to safety requirements. Therefore, a simpler, reliable method is needed to estimate the capacity of the battery.
Because the capacity of the storage battery has strong correlation with the internal resistance of the storage battery, the detection of the internal resistance of the storage battery becomes an effective means for detecting the health state of the storage battery. At present, the detection method for the internal resistance of the storage battery mainly comprises the following steps: 1. the secondary discharge method is characterized in that a large-current fluctuation environment is required in practical application, and the calculation is carried out by collecting the voltage and the current of two measuring points with larger voltage difference; 2. the alternating current impedance method is easily influenced by the capacitance effect of the battery, has very high requirements on an injection signal, and is easily interfered by ripples and harmonics of a charger; 3. the voltammetry characteristic curve method can detect the internal resistance of the battery changing along with time, but has long detection time, high detection cost and poor effect, and ohmic resistance and reaction resistance cannot be distinguished; 4. the constant current step method can only detect the solution resistance in the internal resistance of the battery, neglects the existence of the reaction resistance and has larger error on the detection of the internal resistance of the battery.
Therefore, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is urgently needed to develop a simple internal resistance detection method with high accuracy and precision.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for measuring the internal resistance of a storage battery, which is simple and convenient, has low detection cost and higher accuracy and precision, and solves the problems of complex operation, high measurement cost and poor measurement precision in the prior art.
The invention also provides a system for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery, which can measure the micro internal resistance of the storage battery with high accuracy and high repeatability precision and has better anti-interference capability.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for measuring internal resistance of a storage battery comprises the following steps: discharging the storage battery; disconnecting discharge, and collecting a first voltage value and a current value at two ends of the storage battery before the moment of disconnecting discharge and a second voltage value at two ends of the storage battery after disconnecting discharge; and calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery through the voltage difference of the first voltage and the second voltage and the current value.
The invention skillfully utilizes the electrochemical characteristics of the battery, carries out direct current discharge on the storage battery for a certain time, then cuts off the discharge, the potential of the storage battery can automatically and instantly rise, and calculates the voltage difference by taking the voltage value and the current value of the battery end before the cutting-off moment and the voltage value of the two ends of the storage battery after a certain time interval after the cutting-off moment, thereby calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery. The method not only can effectively avoid the influence of virtual voltage, electrochemical polarization resistance and concentration polarization resistance of the storage battery and realize accurate test of ohmic resistance in the battery, but also has high accuracy, high precision and high anti-interference measurement performance. Therefore, the method simplifies the measuring method of the internal resistance of the storage battery, shortens the measuring time, further reduces the detection cost, and is convenient for estimating the capacity of the storage battery by using the internal resistance.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, performing direct current constant current discharge on the storage battery;
s2, collecting a first voltage value and a first current value at two ends of the storage battery before the moment of discharging is cut off;
s3, cut-off discharge interval t△After the time, collecting a second voltage value at two ends of the storage battery;
by the formula:
calculating the internal resistance value of the storage battery; wherein r is an internal resistance value, V0Is as followsA voltage value, V1Is the second voltage value, and I is the current value.
The method for measuring the resistance of the storage battery comprises the steps of firstly carrying out direct current constant current discharge on the storage battery for a period of time, then cutting off the discharge, collecting a first voltage value and a current value at two ends of the storage battery at the moment of cutting off the discharge, and cutting off a discharge interval t△And after the time, acquiring a second voltage value at the two ends of the storage battery. Then according to
And calculating the resistance of the storage battery, and further evaluating the capacity of the battery through the resistance value of the storage battery.
Further, in step S1, the current of the constant current discharge is 20 to 80A, and the time is 3 to 10S.
When the method is used for measuring the resistance value of the storage battery, pure resistance direct current discharge is firstly carried out on the storage battery for a certain time, the discharge initial current is set to be 20-80A according to the voltage of the storage battery, the discharge time is only controlled to be 3-10s, and the method is short in measurement time and simple and convenient to operate.
Further, in step S3, t is△50-300 microseconds.
The method is used for measuring the resistance value of the storage battery, the potential can automatically and instantly rise after the discharge is cut off due to the electrochemical characteristics of the storage battery, and the voltage value of 50-300 microseconds after the discharge is cut off is taken as a second voltage value and is substituted into a formula to obtain the internal resistance value of the storage battery.
A storage battery internal resistance measuring system comprises a storage battery, a load, a current divider, a current measuring component, a voltage measuring component and a control unit;
the battery, the load and the shunt are connected in series to form a path;
the current measuring part is connected with the shunt in parallel;
the voltage measuring part is connected with the storage battery in parallel;
the control unit is electrically connected to the path, the current measuring part, and the voltage measuring part, respectively.
In the internal resistance measuring system of the storage battery, a load and a shunt are connected in series to form a passage, wherein the load is connected to two ends of a circuit to prevent short circuit, and the shunt is mainly used for measuring direct current and is manufactured according to the principle that voltage is generated at two ends of a resistor when the direct current passes through the resistor. The current measuring component is connected with the shunt in parallel, and the voltage measuring component is connected with the storage battery in parallel, so that the current measuring component can measure direct current by measuring voltage values at two ends of the shunt, and the voltage measuring component can directly measure voltage values at two ends of the storage battery. The access, the current measuring component and the voltage measuring component are all electrically connected with the control unit, so that the control unit can directly control the connection and disconnection of the access and timely collect current values and voltage values acquired by the current measuring component and the voltage measuring component.
Further, still include the relay, the relay sets up on the route, the control unit passes through the relay with the route electricity is connected.
The circuit is also provided with a relay, the control unit is electrically connected with the circuit through the relay, the relay plays the roles of automatic adjustment and safety protection in the circuit, and a 'automatic switch' with larger current can be controlled by smaller current.
Further, the current measuring part includes a first AD converter and a current recorder,
the first AD converter is connected with the shunt in parallel;
the current recorder is electrically connected with the first AD converter.
The current measuring component comprises a first AD converter and a current recorder, wherein the first AD converter is connected with the shunt in parallel, and the current recorder is electrically connected with the first AD converter, so that the first AD converter can convert measured analog signals into digital signals, the current recorder can accurately record the digital signals and then transmit the information to the control unit, and the control unit realizes the analysis, comparison and calculation of data.
Further, the voltage measuring part includes a second AD converter and a voltage recorder,
the second AD converter is connected with the storage battery in parallel;
the voltage recorder is electrically connected with the second AD converter.
The voltage measuring component comprises a second AD converter and a voltage recorder, wherein the second AD converter is connected with the storage battery in parallel, and the voltage recorder is electrically connected with the second AD converter, so that the second AD converter can convert measured analog signals into digital signals, the voltage recorder can accurately record the digital signals and transmit the information to the control unit, and the control unit realizes analysis, comparison and calculation of data.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a data storage unit,
the current wave recorder and the voltage wave recorder are both connected with the data storage unit;
the data storage unit is connected with the control unit.
The current oscillograph and the voltage oscillograph are both connected with the data storage unit, the data storage unit can store data in the current oscillograph and the voltage oscillograph or transmit the stored data to the control unit, and the control unit realizes analysis, comparison and calculation of the data.
Further, the device also comprises a power supply which is electrically connected with the control unit.
The power supply is electrically connected with the control unit and provides power for the whole measuring system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention firstly carries out direct current discharge for a certain time of the storage battery, then cuts off the discharge, the potential can automatically and instantly rise due to the electrochemical characteristics of the storage battery, the voltage value and the current value of the battery end before the cut-off moment and the voltage value of the two ends of the storage battery after a certain time interval after the cut-off moment are taken, and the voltage difference is calculated, thereby calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery. The method not only can effectively avoid the influence of the virtual voltage, the electrochemical polarization resistance and the concentration polarization resistance of the storage battery to realize accurate test of the ohmic resistance of the battery, but also has the measurement performance of high accuracy, high precision and high interference resistance. Therefore, the method simplifies the measuring method of the internal resistance of the storage battery, shortens the measuring time, further reduces the detection cost, and is convenient for estimating the capacity of the storage battery by using the internal resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring internal resistance of a storage battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the voltage and current variation during the measurement process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery measurement system of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. the device comprises a storage battery, 2, a load, 3, a current divider, 4, a first AD converter, 5, a current recorder, 6, a second AD converter, 7, a voltage recorder, 8, a control unit, 9, a relay, 10, a data storage unit, 11 and a power supply.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and further, it is understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring the resistance of a storage battery according to the present invention includes:
s1, performing direct current constant current discharge on the storage battery, and controlling the current of the constant current discharge to be 20-80A and the time to be 3-10S;
s2, collecting a first voltage value and a first current value at two ends of the storage battery before the moment of discharging is cut off;
s3, collecting a second voltage value at two ends of the storage battery after the discharge interval is cut off for 50-300 microseconds;
by the formula:
calculating the internal resistance value of the storage battery; wherein r is an internal resistance value, V0Is a first voltage value, V1Is the second voltage value, and I is the current value.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of voltage and current variation during measurement according to the present invention, in which a curve represents a voltage variation curve, b curve represents a current variation curve, and the interval time is 3 seconds.
The internal resistance of a battery is usually a micro-magnitude of several tens of microohms to several hundreds of microohms, the magnitude of which reflects the capacity storage capacity of the battery. Although the IEC60896-2 and GB/T19638.2-2005 standards stipulate the internal resistance level of lead-acid storage batteries and define a standard secondary discharge method for measuring the internal resistance value of the storage batteries, the secondary discharge method is difficult, and the measurement method is only suitable for laboratories at present.
Taking the measurement of the internal resistance of a storage battery with the nominal capacity of 12V and 800AH as an example, the standard secondary discharge method is compared with the method adopted by the invention, and the table 1 is the comparison of the measurement processes of the standard secondary method and the method of the invention:
TABLE 1 comparison of the measurement procedures of the Standard quadratic method and the method of the invention
As can be seen from the above measurement processes, the standard secondary discharge method needs to perform two discharges, the discharge current is very large (320A, 1600A), and dc constant current control is needed, especially the secondary current of 1600A is controlled for 5 seconds, which is difficult, and the control device to achieve two discharges has large volume and weight, and takes a long time for each measurement, which requires more than 5 minutes in total. The method only needs one-time 3-second pure-resistance load natural discharge, and skillfully utilizes the electrochemical characteristics of the battery. Selecting 3 batteries with different nominal capacities for actual measurement and comparison, wherein each battery is measured 3 times by adopting two methods, the following table shows the measurement process and data and compares the results of the two methods, and the table 2 is the comparison of the measurement results of the standard secondary method and the method of the invention:
TABLE 2 comparison of the measurement results of the standard quadratic method and the method of the invention
(Note: Current is in units of A, Voltage is in units of V, and internal resistance is in units of μ Ω)
As can be seen from the comparison test results, the accuracy of the method provided by the invention is consistent with that of the standard defined secondary discharge method, the error is within 2% and belongs to the normal range, and t can be measured according to the circuit performance△The error is further reduced by fine adjustment, and the repeated measurement error of the method can be controlled within 1 percent, thereby meeting the application requirement.
As shown in fig. 3, a battery internal resistance measuring system used in the battery resistance measuring method of the present invention includes a battery 1, a load 2, a shunt 3, a current measuring part, a voltage measuring part, and a control unit 8; the storage battery 1, the load 2 and the current divider 3 are connected in series to form a passage; the current measuring means is connected in parallel with the shunt 3; the voltage measuring means is connected in parallel with the battery 1; the control unit 8 is electrically connected to the path, the current measuring means and the voltage measuring means, respectively.
In the internal resistance measuring system, a storage battery 1, a load 2 and a shunt 3 are connected in series to form a path, wherein the load 2 is connected across the circuit to prevent short circuit, and the shunt 3 is mainly used for measuring direct current and is made according to the principle that voltage is generated across a resistor when the direct current passes through the resistor. The current measuring part is connected with the shunt 3 in parallel, and the voltage measuring part is connected with the storage battery 1 in parallel, so that the current measuring part can measure direct current by measuring voltage values at two ends of the shunt 3, and the voltage measuring part can directly measure voltage values at two ends of the storage battery 1. The access, the current measuring component and the voltage measuring component are all electrically connected with the control unit 8, so that the control unit 8 can directly control the connection and disconnection of the access and timely collect current values and voltage values acquired by the current measuring component and the voltage measuring component.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the intelligent control system further comprises a relay 9, wherein the relay 9 is arranged on the passage, and the control unit 8 is electrically connected with the passage through the relay 9.
The relay 9 plays the role of automatic adjustment and safety protection in the circuit, and can use smaller current to control an 'automatic switch' of larger current.
In addition to the above technical solution, it is further preferable that the current measuring means includes a first AD converter 4 and a current recorder 5, and the first AD converter 4 is connected in parallel with the shunt 3; the current recorder 5 is electrically connected to the first AD converter 4.
The first AD converter 4 can convert the measured analog signal into a digital signal, the current recorder 5 can accurately record the digital signal, the information is transmitted to the control unit 8, and the control unit 8 realizes the analysis, comparison and calculation of data.
In addition to the above-described preferred embodiment, it is further preferred that the voltage measuring means includes a second AD converter 6 and a voltage recorder 7, and the second AD converter 6 is connected in parallel to the battery 1; the voltage recorder 7 is electrically connected to the second AD converter 6.
The second AD converter 6 can convert the measured analog signal into a digital signal, the voltage recorder 7 can accurately record the digital signal, the information is transmitted to the control unit 8, and the control unit 8 realizes the analysis, comparison and calculation of data.
In order to improve the data storage capacity of the measuring system, the measuring system further comprises a data storage unit 10, and the current oscillograph 5 and the voltage oscillograph 7 are connected with the data storage unit 10; the data storage unit 10 is connected to the control unit 8.
The data storage unit 10 can store the data in the current recorder 5 and the voltage recorder 7, or transmit the stored data to the control unit 8, and the control unit 8 analyzes, compares and calculates the data.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the device further comprises a power supply 11, and the power supply 11 is electrically connected with the control unit 8.
The differences between the standard quadratic method and the system of the invention were compared from multiple dimensions with reference to the direct current generator BALTO 3KACompact of STEVO corporation, which can generate currents up to 3000A, and table 3 is a comparison of the standard quadratic method and the system of the invention:
TABLE 3 comparison of the Standard quadratic method with the inventive System
As can be seen from Table 3, the internal resistance measuring system of the storage battery 1 has small size and light weight, can realize high-accuracy and high-precision measurement of the micro resistance of the storage battery 1, and is simple and convenient to operate.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the internal resistance of a storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
discharging the storage battery; disconnecting discharge, and collecting a first voltage value and a current value at two ends of the storage battery before the moment of disconnecting discharge and a second voltage value at two ends of the storage battery after disconnecting discharge; and calculating the internal resistance of the storage battery through the voltage difference of the first voltage and the second voltage and the current value.
2. The measurement method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising in particular the steps of:
s1, performing direct current constant current discharge on the storage battery;
s2, collecting a first voltage value and a first current value at two ends of the storage battery before the moment of discharging is cut off;
s3, cut-off discharge interval t△After the time, collecting a second voltage value at two ends of the storage battery;
by the formula:
calculating the internal resistance value of the storage battery; wherein r is an internal resistance value, V0Is a first voltage value, V1Is the second voltage value, and I is the current value.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, the constant current discharge has a current of 20-80A and a time of 3-10S.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, t is△50-300 microseconds.
5. The storage battery internal resistance measuring system is characterized by comprising a storage battery (1), a load (2), a current divider (3), a current measuring component, a voltage measuring component and a control unit (8);
the storage battery (1), the load (2) and the current divider (3) are connected in series to form a passage;
the current measuring component is connected with the shunt (3) in parallel;
the voltage measuring component is connected with the storage battery (1) in parallel;
the control unit (8) is electrically connected to the path, the current measuring means and the voltage measuring means, respectively.
6. Measuring system according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a relay (9),
the relay (9) is arranged on the passage, and the control unit (8) is electrically connected with the passage through the relay (9).
7. Measuring system according to claim 5, characterized in that the current measuring means comprise a first AD converter (4) and a current recorder (5),
the first AD converter (4) is connected in parallel with the shunt (3);
the current recorder (5) is electrically connected with the first AD converter (4).
8. The measurement system according to claim 5, characterized in that the voltage measurement means comprise a second AD converter (6) and a voltage recorder (7),
the second AD converter (6) is connected in parallel with the battery (1);
the voltage recorder (7) is electrically connected with the second AD converter (6).
9. Measuring system according to claim 5, further comprising a data storage unit (10),
the current wave recorder (5) and the voltage wave recorder (7) are both connected with the data storage unit (10);
the data storage unit (10) is connected to the control unit (8).
10. The measuring system according to claim 5, further comprising a power source (11), the power source (11) being electrically connected to the control unit (8).
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| CN111693782A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-22 | 珠海伊托科技有限公司 | Storage battery internal resistance test and large current tolerance test device with loop resistor |
| CN113093038A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-09 | 同济大学 | Power battery internal resistance composition analysis method based on pulse charge and discharge test |
| CN114002605A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-02-01 | 智新控制系统有限公司 | Battery health state estimation method and system |
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Application publication date: 20200529 |