CN205157652U - Direct current undercurrent secondary discharge holds internal resistance of cell on -line measuring device - Google Patents
Direct current undercurrent secondary discharge holds internal resistance of cell on -line measuring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置，包括两个放电回路、电压采集模块、信号调理模块、两个采样保持电路、差分放大电路、和单片机，蓄电池、串联在蓄电池两端的开关<i>S</i>1和采样电阻<i>R</i>1构成的第一放电回路，蓄电池、串联在蓄电池两端的开关<i>S</i>2和采样电阻<i>R</i>2构成的放电回路，检测在蓄电池带载的状态下进行两次小电流放电后两端电压，即可求得蓄电池的内阻。不仅克服了大电流放电法对蓄电池的损害和不宜在线监测的缺点，而且通过采样保持和差分放大得到两次放电电压值差也提高了数据采集的精度，减小了误差，从而得到蓄电池内阻的准确值，实现蓄电池在线带载状态下的内阻的准确检测。
The utility model relates to an on-line detection device for the internal resistance of a DC small current secondary discharge storage battery, comprising two discharge circuits, a voltage acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, two sampling and holding circuits, a differential amplification circuit, and a single-chip microcomputer, and the storage battery is connected in series The switch <i>S</i> 1 at both ends of the battery and the sampling resistor <i>R</i> 1 form the first discharge circuit, the battery, the switch <i>S</i> 2 connected in series at both ends of the battery and The discharge circuit composed of the sampling resistor <i>R</i> 2 can detect the voltage at both ends of the battery after two small current discharges with the battery loaded, and then the internal resistance of the battery can be obtained. It not only overcomes the damage to the battery caused by the large current discharge method and the disadvantages that it is not suitable for on-line monitoring, but also improves the accuracy of data collection and reduces the error by obtaining the difference between the two discharge voltages through sampling and holding and differential amplification, thereby obtaining the internal resistance of the battery The accurate value of the battery can realize the accurate detection of the internal resistance of the battery under the online loading state.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种电池内阻检测装置，特别涉及一种直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置。The utility model relates to a battery internal resistance detection device, in particular to an on-line detection device for the internal resistance of a DC small current secondary discharge storage battery.
背景技术Background technique
蓄电池作为能源存储的主要载体在现代社会正在发挥越来越重要的作用，蓄电池作为动力电池或者后备电源被广泛应用于各个行业，大到军工行业小至日常生活的各个方面。不仅如此，蓄电池作为后备电源也被广泛应用于各个行业。无论是蓄电池的性能、容量状态或是充放电情况，都能从它的内阻变化中体现出来。因此可以通过测量蓄电池的内阻，对其工作状态进行监测评估。蓄电池的内阻作为反映蓄电池性能的重要参数，关于其值的准确测量特别是在线检测具有十分重要的意义。As the main carrier of energy storage, batteries are playing an increasingly important role in modern society. As power batteries or backup power sources, batteries are widely used in various industries, ranging from the military industry to all aspects of daily life. Not only that, batteries are also widely used in various industries as a backup power supply. Whether it is the performance, capacity state or charge and discharge of the battery, it can be reflected from the change of its internal resistance. Therefore, the working state of the battery can be monitored and evaluated by measuring the internal resistance of the battery. The internal resistance of the battery is an important parameter reflecting the performance of the battery, and its accurate measurement, especially the online detection, is of great significance.
目前蓄电池内阻检测常用的方法主要有密度法、交流注入法、直流放电法。密度法主要是通过检测蓄电池电解液的密度来估算蓄电池的内阻，常用于开口式铅酸蓄电池的内阻检测，不适合密封式铅酸蓄电池的内阻检测，该方法的适用范围较窄。交流注入法通过对蓄电池注入一个低频交流电流信号，电池的响应会产生一个电压和电流的相移，测得蓄电池两端的低频电压和流过的低频电流以及两者的相位差，从而可计算出蓄电池的内阻。交流法由于不需要放电，不用处于静态或脱机状态，可以实现安全的在线检测管理。但是，这种方法由于测量量过多，导致干扰因素增多，且增加了系统的复杂性，影响测量精度，相对而言比较适合于单体电池的检测。直流内阻测试法的基本原理是给蓄电池串联直流负载，对电池进行瞬间大电流放电，通常为几十到上百安培，通过检测负载撤除前后的放电电流和蓄电池端电压的变化，由此可以求出蓄电池的内部阻抗。直流法的主要优点在于蓄电池在线时可以精确地检测蓄电池的内阻，测量结果不受充电器纹波和其他噪声的影响。此外，测量误差可控制在0.1％之内。此方法法也存在一定的缺陷，由于放电电流较大，小容量电池可能难以在几秒钟内承受较大的电流。同时，当蓄电池有大的电流通过时，内部化学反应复杂，会出现极化内阻，对蓄电池的损害也较大，而且反复的大电流放电不利于在线检测。At present, the commonly used methods for testing the internal resistance of batteries mainly include the density method, the AC injection method, and the DC discharge method. The density method is mainly to estimate the internal resistance of the battery by detecting the density of the battery electrolyte. It is often used for the internal resistance detection of the open lead-acid battery, but it is not suitable for the internal resistance detection of the sealed lead-acid battery. The scope of application of this method is narrow. The AC injection method injects a low-frequency AC current signal into the battery, and the response of the battery will produce a phase shift of voltage and current, and measure the low-frequency voltage at both ends of the battery, the low-frequency current flowing and the phase difference between the two, so that it can be calculated The internal resistance of the battery. Since the AC method does not require discharge and does not need to be in a static or offline state, it can realize safe online detection and management. However, due to the excessive amount of measurement, this method increases the number of interference factors, increases the complexity of the system, and affects the measurement accuracy. It is relatively suitable for the detection of single cells. The basic principle of the DC internal resistance test method is to connect the battery in series with a DC load, and discharge the battery with an instantaneous high current, usually tens to hundreds of amperes, by detecting the discharge current before and after the load is removed and the change of the terminal voltage of the battery. Find the internal impedance of the battery. The main advantage of the DC method is that the internal resistance of the battery can be accurately detected when the battery is online, and the measurement result is not affected by the ripple of the charger and other noises. In addition, the measurement error can be controlled within 0.1%. This method also has certain defects. Due to the large discharge current, it may be difficult for a small-capacity battery to withstand a large current within a few seconds. At the same time, when a large current passes through the battery, the internal chemical reaction is complicated, and polarization internal resistance will appear, which will cause great damage to the battery, and repeated high-current discharge is not conducive to online detection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型是针对蓄电池内阻检测常用的方法存在的问题，提出了一种直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置，克服了大电流放电对蓄电池的损害和不宜在线监测的缺点。The utility model aims at the problems existing in the commonly used method for detecting the internal resistance of the storage battery, and proposes an on-line detection device for the internal resistance of the secondary discharge storage battery with a low DC current, which overcomes the damage to the storage battery caused by the large current discharge and the disadvantages that it is not suitable for on-line monitoring.
本实用新型的技术方案为：一种直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置，包括两个放电回路、电压采集模块、信号调理模块、两个采样保持电路、差分放大电路、和单片机，蓄电池、串联在蓄电池两端的开关S1和采样电阻R1构成的第一放电回路，蓄电池、串联在蓄电池两端的开关S2和采样电阻R2构成的放电回路，单片机输出控制信号控制两个开关S1、S2分段工作，传感器分别采集两个开关断开时蓄电池两端电压U0，仅开关S1闭合时蓄电池两端电压U1，仅开关S2闭合时蓄电池两端电压U2，采集后信号后送信号调理模块进行处理，信号调理模块处理后的U1、U2分别送入两个采样保持电路，采样保持后的U1、U2送入单片机内的A/D转换模块进行模数转换，信号调理模块输出的U0送入单片机内的A/D转换模块进行模数转换，采样保持后的U1、U2送入差分放大电路得到U2-U1的值后，再送入单片机内的A/D转换模块进行模数转换，单片机进行内阻计算。The technical solution of the utility model is: an on-line detection device for the internal resistance of a DC small current secondary discharge battery, including two discharge circuits, a voltage acquisition module, a signal conditioning module, two sample and hold circuits, a differential amplifier circuit, and a single-chip microcomputer, The battery, the switch S 1 connected in series at both ends of the battery and the sampling resistor R 1 form the first discharge loop, the battery, the switch S 2 connected in series at both ends of the battery and the sampling resistor R 2 form the discharge circuit, and the single-chip microcomputer outputs control signals to control the two switches S 1 and S 2 work in sections, the sensors collect the voltage U 0 at both ends of the battery when the two switches are disconnected, U 1 at both ends of the battery only when the switch S 1 is closed, and U 2 at both ends of the battery only when the switch S 2 is closed , the collected signal is sent to the signal conditioning module for processing, U 1 and U 2 processed by the signal conditioning module are respectively sent to two sample and hold circuits, and U 1 and U 2 after sample and hold are sent to the A/D conversion in the single chip microcomputer The module performs analog-to-digital conversion, U 0 output by the signal conditioning module is sent to the A/D conversion module in the microcontroller for analog-to-digital conversion, U 1 and U 2 after sampling and holding are sent to the differential amplifier circuit to obtain the value of U 2 -U 1 After that, it is sent to the A/D conversion module in the single-chip microcomputer for analog-to-digital conversion, and the single-chip microcomputer performs internal resistance calculation.
所述两个放电回路中的采样电阻R1、R2为精密电阻。The sampling resistors R 1 and R 2 in the two discharge circuits are precision resistors.
所述采样保持电路选用LF398作为采样保持器。The sample and hold circuit uses LF398 as the sample and hold device.
本实用新型的有益效果在于：本实用新型直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置，不仅克服了大电流放电法对蓄电池的损害和不宜在线监测的缺点，而且通过采样保持和差分放大得到两次放电电压值差也提高了数据采集的精度，减小了误差，从而得到蓄电池内阻的准确值，实现对蓄电池在线带载状态下的内阻的准确检测。The beneficial effect of the utility model is that: the utility model DC small current secondary discharge battery internal resistance online detection device not only overcomes the damage to the battery caused by the large current discharge method and the shortcomings of not being suitable for online monitoring, but also obtains The difference between the two discharge voltages also improves the accuracy of data collection and reduces the error, so as to obtain the accurate value of the internal resistance of the battery, and realize the accurate detection of the internal resistance of the battery in the online load state.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型直流小电流二次放电法等效电路图；Fig. 1 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the utility model DC small current secondary discharge method;
图2为本实用新型直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置框图；Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the on-line detection device for the internal resistance of the DC small current secondary discharge battery of the utility model;
图3为本实用新型采样保持部分电路图。Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the sampling and holding part of the utility model.
具体实施方式detailed description
图1为直流小电流二次放电法等效电路图，是蓄电池在直流放电状态下的电路模型，蓄电池、串联在蓄电池两端的开关S1和精密电阻R1构成的放电回路Ⅰ，蓄电池、串联在蓄电池两端的开关S2和精密电阻R2构成的放电回路Ⅱ。Figure 1 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the DC small current secondary discharge method, which is the circuit model of the battery in the DC discharge state. The battery, the switch S 1 connected in series at both ends of the battery and the precision resistor R 1 constitute the discharge circuit Ⅰ. The battery, connected in series The discharge circuit II composed of the switch S2 and the precision resistor R2 at both ends of the storage battery.
框内为直流放电状态下蓄电池的等效模型，RS即为蓄电池的等效内阻，RL为在线状态下的等效负载，R1、R2为放电用精密电阻。The box is the equivalent model of the battery in the DC discharge state, R S is the equivalent internal resistance of the battery, RL is the equivalent load in the online state, R 1 and R 2 are precision resistors for discharge.
首先开关S1、S2都断开，可测得RL两端电压U0和流过RL的电流IS,由欧姆定律可得:First, the switches S 1 and S 2 are turned off, and the voltage U 0 at both ends of RL and the current I S flowing through RL can be measured. According to Ohm's law:
其次，对蓄电池进行第一次小电流放电，S1闭合，S2断开，设R1'＝R1//RL(R1、RL并联值),R1两端电压为U1,由欧姆定律可得：Secondly, discharge the battery with a small current for the first time, S 1 is closed, S 2 is open, set R 1 '=R 1 //R L (the parallel connection value of R 1 and R L ), the voltage across R 1 is U 1 , according to Ohm's law:
然后，对蓄电池进行第二次放电，S2闭合，S1断开，设R'2＝R2//RL(R2、RL并联值),R2两端电压为U2，由欧姆定律可得：Then, discharge the storage battery for the second time, S 2 is closed, S 1 is open, set R' 2 =R 2 //R L (the parallel connection value of R 2 and R L ), the voltage across R 2 is U 2 , by Ohm's law gives:
由式(2)、(3)整理可得：According to formulas (2) and (3), we can get:
将R1'、R'2代入(4)式整理可得内阻RS的最终表达式：Substituting R 1 ' and R' 2 into formula (4) can obtain the final expression of internal resistance R S :
因此，由式可知首先求出蓄电池在线状态下的等效负载RL，再由两次放电测得U1、U2、U2-U1，由此即可求得蓄电池的内阻RS。Therefore, it can be seen from the formula that the equivalent load R L of the battery in the online state is first obtained, and then U 1 , U 2 , U 2 -U 1 are measured from two discharges, and the internal resistance R S of the battery can be obtained from this .
由内阻的表达式可知需测量两次放电回路中精密电阻两端的电压值U1与U2,以及两者的差值U2-U1，由于U2与U1的差值很小，为了减小测量误差，提高测量精度，本文先用采样保持器对U2和U1进行采样保持，然后由差分放大得到U2-U1的值。然后将数据送入自带AD转换的单片机中计算得到蓄电池的内阻值。From the expression of the internal resistance, it can be known that the voltage values U 1 and U 2 at both ends of the precision resistor in the discharge circuit need to be measured twice, and the difference between them U 2 -U 1 , since the difference between U 2 and U 1 is very small, In order to reduce the measurement error and improve the measurement accuracy, this paper uses a sample-and-hold device to sample and hold U 2 and U 1 first , and then obtain the value of U 2 -U 1 by differential amplification. Then send the data to the single-chip microcomputer with AD conversion to calculate the internal resistance value of the storage battery.
如图2所示直流小电流二次放电蓄电池内阻在线检测装置框图。蓄电池选用12V、38Ah阀控式铅酸蓄电池，图2中主控芯片选用C8051F350单片机，具有片内上电复位、VDD监视器、带24或16位单端/差分ADC、看门狗定时器和时钟振荡器，是真正能独立工作的片上系统。放电回路Ⅰ、Ⅱ中精密电阻R1、R2分别取20Ω和10Ω，两次放电电流均不超过2A，数据采集选用霍尔传感器实现电压采集。霍尔传感器采集U0、U1、U2信号后送信号调理模块进行处理，由内阻RS的表达式可知需测量U2-U1的值,由于U2与U1的差值很小，为了减小测量误差，本文先对U2和U1进行采样保持，采样保持后的U1、U2送入A/D转换模块进行模数转换送入单片机，同时采样保持后的U1、U2送入差分放大电路得到U2-U1的值，再送A/D转换模块进行模数转换，信号调理模块输出的U0经过A/D转换模块输出数字信号到单片机，单片机进行内阻计算。Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the on-line detection device for the internal resistance of the DC small current secondary discharge battery. The battery is a 12V, 38Ah valve-regulated lead-acid battery. The main control chip in Figure 2 is a C8051F350 microcontroller with on-chip power-on reset, VDD monitor, 24 or 16-bit single-ended/differential ADC, watchdog timer and The clock oscillator is a system-on-chip that can work independently. The precision resistors R 1 and R 2 in the discharge circuits Ⅰ and Ⅱ are 20Ω and 10Ω respectively, and the discharge current for both discharges does not exceed 2A. Hall sensors are used for data collection to realize voltage collection. The Hall sensor collects U 0 , U 1 , and U 2 signals and sends them to the signal conditioning module for processing. From the expression of the internal resistance R S , it can be known that the value of U 2 -U 1 needs to be measured. Since the difference between U 2 and U 1 is very large Small, in order to reduce the measurement error, this paper first sample and hold U 2 and U 1 , U 1 and U 2 after sampling and holding are sent to the A/D conversion module for analog-to-digital conversion and sent to the single-chip microcomputer, and U 1 and U 2 after sampling and holding 1. U 2 is sent to the differential amplifier circuit to obtain the value of U 2 -U 1 , and then sent to the A/D conversion module for analog-to-digital conversion. The U 0 output by the signal conditioning module outputs digital signals to the single-chip microcomputer through the A/D conversion module, and the single-chip microcomputer performs Calculation of internal resistance.
如图3所示采样保持部分电路图，采样保持器选用LF398，利用逻辑电平控制其工作状态。采样保持器具有两个稳定的工作状态。采样状态：在此期间它尽可能快的接收模拟输入信号，并精确地跟踪模拟输入信号的变化，一直到接到保持指令为止；保持状态：对接收到保持指令前一瞬间的模拟信号进行采样。采样保持器在保持阶段相当于“模拟信号存储器”。图3为采样保持部分电路图，第一次放电时开关S1闭合，S2断开，采样保持器L1处于采样状态；然后进行第二次放电，此时S2闭合，S1断开，采样保持器L1处于保持状态，L2处于采样状态；然后L1、L2都处于保持状态，最后将采集到的数据送给差分放大器得到计算蓄电组内阻所需的数据，由单片机完成内阻的计算。As shown in Figure 3, the circuit diagram of the sampling and holding part, the sampling and holding device selects LF398, and uses logic level to control its working state. The sample-and-hold has two stable operating states. Sampling state: during this period, it receives the analog input signal as fast as possible, and accurately tracks the change of the analog input signal until it receives the hold command; hold state: samples the analog signal immediately before receiving the hold command . The sample-and-hold is equivalent to "analog signal memory" in the hold phase. Figure 3 is the circuit diagram of the sampling and holding part. When the first discharge is performed, the switch S 1 is closed, S 2 is disconnected, and the sample holder L1 is in the sampling state; then the second discharge is performed, at this time, S 2 is closed, S 1 is disconnected, and the sampling The keeper L1 is in the holding state, and L2 is in the sampling state; then both L1 and L2 are in the holding state, and finally the collected data is sent to the differential amplifier to obtain the data required for calculating the internal resistance of the battery pack, and the calculation of the internal resistance is completed by the single-chip microcomputer .
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106932731A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏金帆电源科技有限公司 | Method for detecting internal resistance of each storage battery in series storage battery pack |
| CN107797074A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-13 | 福州福光电子有限公司 | A kind of cell batteries internal resistance measurement circuit and measuring method |
| CN111130163A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Power supply system |
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| CN111781522A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Storage battery detection method, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117031313A (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-11-10 | 广东电网有限责任公司茂名供电局 | Lead-acid storage battery internal resistance testing method |
| CN117538601A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-02-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | A handheld inductive electrical measuring device and measuring method |
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2015
- 2015-11-23 CN CN201520939541.0U patent/CN205157652U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN106932731A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏金帆电源科技有限公司 | Method for detecting internal resistance of each storage battery in series storage battery pack |
| CN107797074A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-13 | 福州福光电子有限公司 | A kind of cell batteries internal resistance measurement circuit and measuring method |
| CN107797074B (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2024-06-14 | 福州福光电子有限公司 | Single storage battery internal resistance measurement circuit and measurement method |
| CN111130163A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Power supply system |
| CN111130163B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-07-28 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Power Systems |
| CN111142037A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-12 | 许昌中科森尼瑞技术有限公司 | Online detection method for internal resistance of high-frequency discharge storage battery |
| CN111781522A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | Storage battery detection method, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117031313A (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-11-10 | 广东电网有限责任公司茂名供电局 | Lead-acid storage battery internal resistance testing method |
| CN117538601A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-02-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | A handheld inductive electrical measuring device and measuring method |
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