CN109936157A - A kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system - Google Patents
A kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109936157A CN109936157A CN201910203386.9A CN201910203386A CN109936157A CN 109936157 A CN109936157 A CN 109936157A CN 201910203386 A CN201910203386 A CN 201910203386A CN 109936157 A CN109936157 A CN 109936157A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management systems, belong to battery management system technical field.The present invention includes the hardware and software of system, and hardware mainly includes controller minimum system, current measurement circuit, voltage collection circuit, battery temperature sample circuit, display circuit, balancing control circuit and protection and warning circuit；Software mainly includes voltage acquisition, current acquisition, temperature measurement, SOC estimation, balanced management, LCD such as shows and protects and alarm at the design of functional modules subprogram, system is first acquired the status data of battery, the analog input end that collected analog data is sent into A/D is changed into digital quantity, it sends digital quantity in controller, the state-of-charge (SOC) of battery pack is estimated, the estimated value of the SOC of current battery is obtained in real time, control strategy is executed using controller, the working condition of current battery is analyzed, control strategy is executed according to the result of analysis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management systems, belong to battery management system technical field.
Background technique
In current electronic technology field, battery management system be connect battery pack and equipment important tie, for pair
The battery pack of equipment is managed.The research of battery management system extends battery pack for energy-storage system in management micro-capacitance sensor
Service life cycle reduces use cost, improves the service efficiency of battery, maintains the stable operation of battery pack and micro-capacitance sensor
There is extremely important meaning.But balanced function, small part product do not have dissipative equalization to existing most of product
Function, but the ability of balanced management is limited.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and then provide a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery
Management system, including hardware and software, hardware mainly include main control chip, current measurement circuit, voltage collection circuit, battery
Temperature sampling circuit, display circuit, balancing control circuit, protection circuit and warning circuit；Software mainly include voltage acquisition,
Current acquisition, temperature measurement, SOC estimation, balanced management, LCD show, protects and warning function modular subroutine；Main control chip
Using STC89C52 minimum system, including crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit and power supply circuit, crystal oscillating circuit: it is used
Working signal pulse is provided to generate the clock signal of fixed cycle as single-chip microcontroller；Reset circuit: it will ensure that system stabilization can
The operation program leaned on；Power supply circuit: in a complete SCM system.
The working principle of micro-capacitance sensor of the present invention battery management system is: the status data of battery is acquired first,
The analog input end that collected analog data is sent into A/D is changed into digital quantity, sends controller for digital quantity
It is interior, the state-of-charge (SOC) of battery pack is estimated, the estimated value of the SOC of current battery is obtained in real time, utilizes control
Device executes control strategy, analyzes the working condition of current battery, executes control strategy according to the result of analysis, this
Invention substantially increases the balanced management ability of battery pack.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is battery management system (BMS) system block diagram；
Fig. 2 is STC89C52 minimum system figure；
Fig. 3 is voltage collection circuit figure；
Fig. 4 is balancing control circuit figure；
Fig. 5 is protection and warning circuit figure；
Fig. 6 is current measurement circuit figure；
Fig. 7 is battery temperature Acquisition Circuit figure；
Fig. 8 is display circuit figure；
Fig. 9 is main program flow chart；
Figure 10 is electric current, temperature acquisition subprogram figure；
Figure 11 is monomer battery voltage capture program figure；
Figure 12 is balanced management program flow diagram；
Figure 13 is protection and alert program flow chart；
Figure 14 is display module programming figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention devises a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system, including hardware and software, and hardware mainly includes master control
Chip, current measurement circuit, voltage collection circuit, battery temperature sample circuit, display circuit, balancing control circuit, protection
And warning circuit；Software mainly include voltage acquisition, current acquisition, temperature measurement, SOC estimation, balanced management, LCD show,
Protection and warning function modular subroutine.
The working principle of battery management system is to be acquired first to the status data of battery, by collected analog quantity
The analog input end that data are sent into A/D is changed into digital quantity, sends digital quantity in controller, to the charged of battery pack
State (SOC) is estimated, obtains the estimated value of the SOC of current battery in real time, executes control strategy using controller, right
The working condition of current battery is analyzed, and executes control strategy according to the result of analysis.
Fig. 2 is main control chip using STC89C52 minimum system, including crystal oscillating circuit, and reset circuit and power supply are electric
Road, crystal oscillating circuit: it, which is used to generate the clock signal of fixed cycle, provides working signal pulse for single-chip microcontroller；Reset electricity
Road: it will ensure that the operation program that system is reliable and stable；Power supply circuit: in a complete SCM system, power supply circuit
It is critically important part, power supply generates voltage and the stability of electric current directly affects system working performance.
Fig. 3 is voltage collection circuit figure, and electrical node D1~D5 of voltage collection circuit connects four section in battery pack respectively
The both ends of single battery, electrical node UCtr1~UCtr5, UCtr00, UCtr11 connect the end I/O corresponding in single-chip microcontroller respectively
Mouthful.It is uniformly controlled by single-chip microcontroller, the input for needing the cell voltage measured to sample as A/D can be arbitrarily selected, thus very square
Just realization list A/D sampling channel measures multiple and different cell voltages.
Fig. 4 is balancing control circuit figure, and balancing control circuit is by the way of passive equilibrium, when controller detects electricity
The difference of the both end voltage of the smallest battery cell of voltage has reached setting in Chi Zuzhong battery cell both end voltage and battery pack
When maximum difference or battery cell voltage have reached the maximum voltage value of setting, start balanced management function, by the electricity of over-voltage
Pond monomer is switched in equalizing circuit, it is made to be discharged to equilibrium state.When needing balanced, respective battery monomer equalizing circuit
The port I/O of control terminal BAL connection exports low level, and the light coupling relay AQW214 in the battery equalizing circuit is connected, into
And release triode ON battery by the electric energy having more by resistance R39, the circuit discharging of triode and diode composition,
The voltage for reducing the single battery makes the voltage difference of each battery cell in battery pack in the range of difference allows, makes between monomer
It is consistent, reaches equilibrium state.
Fig. 5 is protection and warning circuit figure, and protection and warning circuit are by relay, triode, freewheeling diode and buzzing
Device composition.Buzzer plays the role of alarm.It will be in the normally-closed contact access circuit of relay.When battery pack normal operation, no
When needing to protect, the port I/O of RY termination is low level, and triode is not turned on, coil no power, and battery system operates normally.
Work as battery voltage, discharge current, when temperature reaches the dangerous values of setting, RY pin is set 1 by controller, triode ON, after
Electric appliance normally opened contact closure, normally closed electric shock disconnect, and circuit disconnects, and battery pack stops electric discharge, and buzzer sounds the alarm.When this
After a little parameters reach in safe range, RY sets at end 0, and normally opened contact closure, battery system restores to operate normally.
As shown in fig. 6, current measurement circuit is that electricity according to sense of current is judged in the basis that BMS realizes its function
Pond is in charged state and is still in discharge condition, judges whether system needs to protect according to the size of electric current, avoids charging
Or the excessive damage battery pack of discharge current can calculate battery pack within a certain period of time according to the size and Orientation of electric current
Discharge capacity, and then SOC is estimated using SOC estimating algorithm, therefore the levels of precision of current acquisition, anti-interference ability with
And temperature drift, the degree of null offset have very high requirement, it is each in circuit since battery cell is composed in series battery pack
Portion of electrical current is identical, and therefore, only need to measure main line electric current can obtain the electric current of battery cell.Measure the method packet of electric current
Include string resistance detection, Hall sensor detection and current transformer detection；
Electric current is acquired using ACS712 Hall current sensor, which designs based entirely on the principle of hall sensing, and
And the built-in accurate low linear hall sensor circuit of biasing, it exports as the AC or DC voltage proportional to input current,
With low noise, the response time is fast, and the total output error of 50KHz bandwidth is up to 4%, output sensitivity it is high (66mV~
185mV).It is divided into three specifications, ± 5A, ± 20A, ± 30A.The present embodiment carries out current acquisition using ACS712-30A.It
Measurement range be -30A~+30A, accuracy 66mV/A.It is compared with other methods, the detection method is simple, it is easy to accomplish
And precision is higher, can satisfy the requirement of current acquisition precision and range in battery management system.
As shown in fig. 7, battery temperature measuring circuit, the present embodiment is surveyed using common digital temperature sensor DS18B20
Measure the temperature of battery.The sensor has small in size, and easy to use, cheap, the advantages that interference free performance is stronger is applicable in
In various small space apparatus figure thermometrics and control field.It has single bus interface mode, only needs a data line energy
Enough two-way communications realized with controller do not need any peripheral component, and temperature-measuring range is -55 DEG C~+125 DEG C, measurement knot
Fruit is serially transferred in a manner of 9~12 bit digital quantities, is converted without A/D, precision is up to 0.5 DEG C.Therefore, which can be fine
The requirement for meeting this system and temperature being measured.
As shown in figure 8, display circuit, in order to show collected monomer battery voltage, battery pack electricity in real time
Pressure, electric current, battery pack temperature and battery pack remaining capacity, system also needs display module.The present embodiment uses LCD1602
Liquid crystal display is as display module.Display module is using key and LCD1602 liquid crystal display fit system, and key is not pressed when powering on,
Show battery cell voltage and total voltage；When pressing key pressing, displays temperature, electric current and remaining capacity；When key is pressed again
When lower, display screen shows battery cell voltage and total voltage again.LCD1602 schematic diagram is as shown in the figure.
The software flow pattern for acquiring electric current and temperature is as shown in Figure 10, into interruption, starts to acquire electric current, by current acquisition
It is filtered after 10 times, obtains electric current, filtered value is sampled value.Temperature acquisition is similarly.
The acquisition of battery cell voltage acquires battery cell electricity using the method that battery cell voltage Acquisition Circuit switches
Pressure, first switches voltage acquisition switching circuit, acquires first segment cell voltage, and carry out A/D conversion, acquires 10 voltages,
Software filtering is carried out later, the voltage that the value obtained after filtering is finally acquired as the single battery, then switching circuit is cut
It changing, acquisition the second economize on electricity cell voltage carries out A/D conversion, and be filtered, according to method as above, four economize on electricity cell voltages are acquired,
Acquisition terminates.
Balanced management program flow diagram finds out the smallest list of voltage as indicated at 11, according to the monomer battery voltage collected
Body battery, then using minimum voltage as equalizing criterions, in contrast by the voltage of every section single battery, find out voltage with most
The difference of low-voltage is greater than the battery of 20mV, and the equalizing circuit of the battery is connected, battery is made to be connected into equalizing circuit, will be extra
Electric quantity consumption is horizontal to two voltage balance of battery.
Display module programming figure is as shown in figure 14, and i is the number by key pressing, and whether detection key first is pressed,
When pressing key pressing, the value of i adds 1, when i is odd number, by interface clear screen, shows battery pack temperature, total voltage, electric current and
Remaining capacity；When i is even number, the voltage of battery cell is shown.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, these specific embodiments are all based on the present invention
Different implementations under general idea, and scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, it is any to be familiar with the art
Technical staff in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of, should all cover of the invention
Within protection scope.Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention shall be subject to the scope of protection specified in the patent claim.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system, which is characterized in that including hardware and software, hardware mainly includes master control core
Piece, current collection circuit, voltage detecting circuit, battery temperature measuring circuit, display circuit, balancing control circuit, protection and report
Alert circuit；Software mainly include voltage acquisition, current acquisition, temperature measurement, SOC estimation, balanced management, LCD show, protect and
Warning function modular subroutine；Main control chip uses STC89C52 minimum system, including crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit and
Power supply circuit, crystal oscillating circuit: it, which is used to generate the clock signal of fixed cycle, provides working signal pulse for single-chip microcontroller；It is multiple
Position circuit: it will ensure that the operation program that system is reliable and stable；Power supply circuit: in a complete SCM system.
2. micro-capacitance sensor battery management system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrical section of voltage collection circuit
Point D1~D5 meets the both ends of the four section single batteries in battery pack, electrical node UCtr1~UCtr5, UCtr00, UCtr11 respectively
The port I/O corresponding in single-chip microcontroller is connect respectively.
3. micro-capacitance sensor battery management system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that balancing control circuit is using passive
Balanced mode, when controller detects the smallest battery list of voltage in battery in battery pack monomer both end voltage and battery pack
The difference of the both end voltage of body reached setting maximum difference or battery cell voltage reached setting maximum voltage value when,
Start balanced management function, the battery cell of over-voltage is switched in equalizing circuit, it is made to be discharged to equilibrium state, it is equal when needing
When weighing apparatus, the port I/O of respective battery equalizing circuit control terminal BAL connection exports low level, makes the light in the battery equalizing circuit
Coupling relay AQW214 conducting, the circuit discharging for forming triode ON battery by resistance R39, triode and diode,
The electric energy having more is released, the voltage of the single battery is reduced, allows the voltage difference of each battery cell in battery pack in difference
In the range of, make to be consistent between monomer, reaches equilibrium state.
4. a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that protection and warning circuit by after
Electric appliance, triode, freewheeling diode and buzzer composition, buzzer play the role of alarm, the normally-closed contact of relay are connect
Enter in circuit, when battery pack operates normally, and does not need protection, the port I/O of RY termination is low level, and triode is not turned on,
Coil no power, battery system operate normally, and work as battery voltage, discharge current, when temperature reaches the dangerous values of setting, control
RY pin is set 1 by device, and triode ON, relay normally open contact is closed, and normally closed electric shock disconnects, and circuit disconnects, and battery pack stops
Electric discharge, buzzer sounds the alarm, and after these parameters reach in safe range, RY sets at end 0, and normally opened contact is closed, battery system
System restores to operate normally.
5. a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that current measurement circuit is BMS
Judge that battery is in charged state and is still in discharge condition, according to electricity according to sense of current in the basis for realizing its function
The size of stream judges whether system needs to protect, and the excessive damage battery pack of charge or discharge electric current is avoided, according to the big of electric current
Small and direction is calculated the discharge capacity of battery pack within a certain period of time, and then is estimated using SOC estimating algorithm SOC, because
The levels of precision of this current acquisition, anti-interference ability and temperature drift, the degree of null offset have very high requirement, due to
Battery cell is composed in series battery pack, and each section electric current is identical in circuit, and therefore, only need to measure main line electric current can obtain electricity
The electric current of pond monomer, the method for measuring electric current include string resistance detection, Hall sensor detection and current transformer detection；It adopts
Electric current is measured with ACS712 Hall current sensor, measurement range is -30A~+30A, accuracy 66mV/A.
6. a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that battery temperature measuring circuit is adopted
With the temperature of digital temperature sensor DS18B20 measurement battery, temperature-measuring range is -55 DEG C~+125 DEG C, and measurement result is with 9~12
Bit digital quantity mode serially transfers, and precision is up to 0.5 DEG C.
7. a kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that display circuit is shown in real time
The remaining capacity of the monomer battery voltage measured out, battery voltage, electric current, battery pack temperature and battery pack uses
LCD1602 liquid crystal display is as display module；Display module is using key and LCD1602 liquid crystal display fit system, key when powering on
It does not press, shows battery cell voltage and total voltage；When pressing key pressing, displays temperature, electric current and remaining capacity；Work as key
When pressing again, display screen shows battery cell voltage and total voltage again.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910203386.9A CN109936157A (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | A kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910203386.9A CN109936157A (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | A kind of micro-capacitance sensor battery management system |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110276925A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-24 | 华侨大学 | A kind of lithium battery short circuit thermal runaway fire detection method for early warning |
| CN110504503A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-26 | 苏州妙益科技股份有限公司 | A kind of automobile starting battery control system and control method |
| CN111404233A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-10 | 安徽星玛新能源有限公司 | Battery management system |
| CN111564887A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-21 | 四川华泰电气股份有限公司 | Multi-energy complementary household energy storage system and method |
| CN113053031A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-29 | 福建星云电子股份有限公司 | Charging and discharging charging system, equipment and medium |
-
2019
- 2019-03-18 CN CN201910203386.9A patent/CN109936157A/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 田镇: ""微电网中电池管理系统设计"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑，2019年第02期》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110276925A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-24 | 华侨大学 | A kind of lithium battery short circuit thermal runaway fire detection method for early warning |
| CN110504503A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-26 | 苏州妙益科技股份有限公司 | A kind of automobile starting battery control system and control method |
| CN111404233A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-10 | 安徽星玛新能源有限公司 | Battery management system |
| CN111564887A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-21 | 四川华泰电气股份有限公司 | Multi-energy complementary household energy storage system and method |
| CN113053031A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-29 | 福建星云电子股份有限公司 | Charging and discharging charging system, equipment and medium |
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Application publication date: 20190625 |
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