CN113483688A - Open-cut tunnel seam multidimensional deformation monitoring method and process - Google Patents
Open-cut tunnel seam multidimensional deformation monitoring method and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113483688A CN113483688A CN202110759551.6A CN202110759551A CN113483688A CN 113483688 A CN113483688 A CN 113483688A CN 202110759551 A CN202110759551 A CN 202110759551A CN 113483688 A CN113483688 A CN 113483688A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a process for monitoring multidimensional deformation of open trench tunnel joints. The dense distributed sensing optical cable is distributed at multiple angles along the tunnel by using a fixing clamp, a transition ring is adopted at a bending part, the optical cable is prevented from being broken, and the dense distributed optical fiber demodulation instrument is connected, so that the stretching, dislocation and vertical settlement three-dimensional deformation of the tunnel joint position can be monitored. The invention has simple structure, easy installation, combines the optical fiber sensing technology, can monitor the three-dimensional deformation of the tunnel joint position in a distributed manner and accurately in real time and for a long time, and has the advantages of high measurement precision, low cost, simple layout and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of monitoring of deformation of open-cut tunnel seams, and particularly relates to a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring method and process for open-cut tunnel seams.
Background
In recent years, with the increase and acceleration of global development of economy and the pace of national infrastructure construction, a large number of tunnels begin to be constructed, and more tunnels crossing rivers and lakes are provided. The construction method for constructing the underwater tunnel has many types, and the common construction methods at home and abroad mainly comprise a drilling and blasting method, a pipe sinking method, a shield method, an open cut method and the like. The risk is higher in the drilling and blasting method construction process, the drilling and blasting method is sensitive to geological changes, and the cost of various auxiliary construction measures can be increased sharply when the drilling and blasting method passes through a complicated geological condition section; the construction period of the immersed tube tunnel has great influence on the ecological environment of a water area, the underwater structure is difficult to process, and foundation processing and structural seismic resistance have certain difficulty; under the condition of large tunnel construction, the shield method needs to increase the outer diameter of the shield machine pipe, so that the construction difficulty and the construction cost are greatly increased; the open cut method has the advantages of being rapid in progress and simple in construction process, is widely applied to tunnel construction, and has obvious advantages in feasibility of large tunnel construction projects.
The tunnel structure generates horizontal deformation due to the action of temperature and humidity and the contraction and creep of concrete in the operation period, and vertical deformation due to uneven settlement of a substrate, and the safety of the structure is influenced when the deformation is overlarge. In addition, the tunnel deformation joint can be opened or closed along with the temperature change and other reasons, and the tunnel deformation is too large to be opened, so that the defects of tunnel water leakage and the like can be caused; the tunnel deformation joint is closed too much, can cause tunnel lining structure to damage, disease such as loose coming off.
The traditional strain monitoring methods comprise jack oil pressure meters, resistance strain gauges, steel wire strain gauges, magnetic flux sensors, acceleration indirect tests and the like, but the methods have limitations and cannot meet the requirements of distributed measurement, high precision, long distance, low cost and the like.
The optical fiber sensing technology is developed rapidly in the 70 s of the 20 th century along with the development of the optical fiber communication technology, and light waves are not affected by electromagnetic interference and are easy to receive by various optical detection devices. The optical fiber has wide working frequency band and large dynamic range, is suitable for remote monitoring and is an excellent low-loss transmission line. Therefore, optical fiber sensing technology has been gaining great importance as soon as it is available, and has been studied and applied in almost every field and has become a lead of sensing technology.
The weak grating (WFBG) is an FBG with a reflectivity below 0.01%. The WFBG array integrates the ideas of conventional interference, inline interference, fiber grating and distributed fiber sensing, thousands of WFBG are multiplexed on 1 fiber, the reflectivity of the WFBG is usually less than 0.01%, the 3dB bandwidth is between 2pm and 8nm, the grating length is between 9mm and 10cm, and the minimum grating interval reaches 1 mm. The WFBG has low reflectivity and no welding point between the WFBG and the WFBG, so that the multiplexing capability is greatly enhanced compared with that of a common FBG; because the reflected light intensity is greater than Rayleigh scattering, compared with distributed optical fiber sensing, the signal demodulation speed also has great advantage.
The patent number CN202110079750.2 discloses a tunnel structure deformation monitoring device and monitoring method, including built-in fitting, monitoring board and reflection diaphragm, the monitoring board is fixed in the one end of built-in fitting, the other end of built-in fitting is fixed in tunnel country rock, the reflection diaphragm is located the central point of monitoring board puts, the reflection diaphragm is towards total powerstation and establishes one side of standing. The deformation condition of the tunnel structure can be monitored and fed back in a non-contact and continuous mode, and the deformation condition of the tunnel structure is judged according to monitored data. The patent No. CN202110142304.1 discloses a waterproof or leaking stoppage material settlement deformation performance simulation test device and a method for underground concrete structure deformation joints, which comprises a movable test block, a fixed test block and a lifting mechanism, wherein the movable test block is supported by the lifting mechanism and forms a deformation joint with the fixed test block; be provided with the water injection chamber in the fixed test block, be provided with the cavity that corresponds with the water injection chamber in the activity test block, use the percentage table to measure the settlement condition of underground concrete structure movement joint. The methods have great limitations, on one hand, distributed monitoring cannot be realized, the measurement cost is high, the data volume is large, on the other hand, only one-dimensional deformation of the tunnel structure body can be monitored, and three-dimensional deformation monitoring cannot be realized.
How to overcome the defects of the prior art becomes one of the key problems to be solved urgently in the technical field of open-cut tunnel joint multi-dimensional deformation monitoring at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multidimensional deformation monitoring method and a multidimensional deformation monitoring process for open trench tunnel joints.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a multidimensional deformation monitoring process for open trench tunnel joints comprises the steps of arranging a dense distributed strain sensing optical cable, arranging an optical cable fixing clamp, installing an optical cable fixing transition ring and connecting a dense distributed optical fiber demodulator.
Preferably, the strain measured by the densely distributed strain sensing optical cable is the average strain between adjacent fixed points.
Preferably, one end of the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable is left with a section of optical cable outside the fixing clamp. Because the optical cable is sensitive to temperature and strain at the same time, a section of the optical cable is required to be reserved and is not fixed, so that the optical cable is not influenced by strain, and the measured strain is more accurate by temperature compensation.
Preferentially, the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable adopts a unique internal fixed point design, can realize spatial discontinuous non-uniform strain segmentation, has good mechanical property and tensile compression resistance, and can be well coupled with structures such as rock and soil bodies and concrete.
Preferentially, the fixed point of the intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable is provided with a circumferential bulge, the intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable is installed and fixed on the outer surface of the tunnel structure by using a fixing clamp, the fixing clamp is made of stainless steel materials and is internally embedded with a plurality of concave grooves, and each concave groove is matched with the circumferential bulge on the intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable.
Preferably, the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable adopts a fixed transition ring at the bending part, so that the optical cable is prevented from being broken.
Preferably, the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable is fixed to the outer surface of the tunnel structure before the tunnel decoration material is installed, and a protective cover plate is arranged on the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable and is a decorative plate of a tunnel vertical face.
Preferably, the optical cable redundant segment is a segment which is redundant for a certain length after the densely distributed strain sensing optical cable crosses the seam along the tunnel trend.
Preferentially, the dense distributed strain sensing optical cables are firstly distributed on the sides and the tops of the bidirectional tunnels in a crossed mode and are distributed along the moving direction in a crossed mode, then a certain length of redundancy is used as temperature compensation, and one section of the redundancy length can be used for monitoring the stretching of a deformation joint; obliquely laying an optical cable along the transitional turning joint position of the side wall of the tunnel to enable the optical cable to be crossed with the joint at an angle and used for monitoring the vertical settlement deformation of the tunnel structure; and finally, the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable is obliquely arranged at the position of the transition top plate, so that the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable and the top joint form an angle for monitoring the dislocation deformation of the joint.
Based on the process, the invention also provides a multidimensional deformation monitoring method for the open trench tunnel seam, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: densely distributed strain sensing optical cables are distributed at the seam position of the side wall of the tunnel along the direction of the tunnel in a seam crossing manner, and are fixed at fixed points by fixing clamps, so that the strain sensing optical cables are redundant for a certain length;
step S2: the method comprises the following steps that a seam position is transitionally folded along the side wall of a tunnel, an optical cable bending position is obliquely distributed with a fixed transition ring to enable an intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable to be crossed with the seam at an angle, and a fixed clamp is used for fixing a fixed point;
step S3: enabling the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable to be transited to the position of a tunnel top plate seam by using a fixed transition ring along the tunnel side wall seam, and arranging fixed clamps on the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable obliquely at fixed points to enable the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable to be crossed with the top seam at an angle;
step S4: after the three steps are completed, the main communication optical cable in the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable is led to a monitoring station to be connected with a dense distributed optical fiber demodulator, and stretching, vertical settlement and dislocation three-dimensional deformation monitoring are respectively carried out on the redundant section of the optical cable, the transitional retracing joint position and the joint position of the side wall and the top plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention has simple structure, low cost, strong reliability and convenient use.
2. The optical fiber sensing technology is adopted for tunnel seam distributed strain monitoring, field power supply is not needed, electromagnetic interference is avoided, electric insulation is good, and the application range is wide.
3. Compared with the traditional strain measurement method, the method realizes the three-dimensional deformation of stretching, slab staggering and vertical settlement of the tunnel joint position in real time, long term, distributed and accurate manner by using the optical fiber sensing technology.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a method and a process for monitoring multidimensional deformation of an open-cut tunnel seam according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring method and a process sidewall for an open trench tunnel seam according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-dimensional deformation monitoring method and a process ceiling for an open trench tunnel seam according to the present invention.
Labeled as: 1-fixing clamp, 2-dense distributed strain sensing optical cable, 3-optical cable redundant segment, 4-tunnel side wall joint, 5-fixing transition circular ring, 6-tunnel top plate joint and 7-dense distributed optical fiber demodulator.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the schemes and the effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly fixed or connected to the other feature or indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. Further, the description of the upper, lower, left, right, etc. used in the present invention is only with respect to the positional relationship of the respective components of the present invention with respect to each other in the drawings.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1-3, the multidimensional deformation monitoring process for the open trench tunnel joint comprises the steps of laying fixed-point dense distributed strain sensing optical cables 2, arranging a fixing clamp 1, installing and fixing a transition ring 5 and connecting a dense distributed optical fiber demodulator 7. The fixed clamp 1 is used for arranging the intensive distributed sensing optical cable 2 along the tunnel in multiple angles, the transition ring 5 is fixed at the bent part, the optical cable is prevented from being damaged, the intensive distributed optical fiber demodulator 7 is connected, and the stretching, dislocation and vertical settlement three-dimensional deformation of the tunnel joint position can be monitored. The strain measured by the fixed point dense distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 is the average strain between adjacent fixed points,
the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 is sensitive to temperature and strain at the same time, adopts a unique internal fixed point design, can realize spatial discontinuous non-uniform strain segmentation, has good mechanical property and tensile compression resistance, and can be well coupled with structures such as rock-soil bodies and concrete.
Based on the embodiment, the invention also provides a multidimensional deformation monitoring method for the open trench tunnel seam, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: densely distributed strain sensing optical cables 2 are distributed in the seam crossing manner along the tunnel direction at the position of a seam 4 on the side wall of the tunnel, the dense distributed strain sensing optical cables are fixed by a fixing clamp 1 at a fixed point, and a certain redundant length is used as temperature compensation;
step S2: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a fixed transition circular ring 5 is used at the bent position of an optical cable along the side wall of a tunnel in a transition and folding mode, a dense distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 is obliquely distributed to enable the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable to be crossed with a seam in an angle mode, and a fixed clamp 1 is used for fixing the bent position of the optical cable at a fixed point;
step S3: a fixed transition ring 5 is used for enabling the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 to be transited to a tunnel top plate seam 6 position along a tunnel side wall seam 4, and a fixing clamp 1 is arranged on the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 in an inclined fixed point mode to enable the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable to be crossed with the tunnel top seam 4 in an angle mode;
step S4: after the three steps are completed, the main communication optical cable in the intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 is led to a monitoring station to be connected with an intensive distributed optical fiber demodulator 7, and stretching, vertical settlement and dislocation three-dimensional deformation monitoring are respectively carried out on the redundant section of the optical cable, the transitional retracing joint position and the joint position of the side wall and the top plate.
Example two
Because the optical cable is sensitive to temperature and strain at the same time, a section of the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 is not fixed in length before being installed by using the fixing clamp 1, so that the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable is not influenced by strain, and the measured strain is more accurate by temperature compensation. The fixing clamp 1 is made of stainless steel materials, a plurality of concave grooves are embedded in the fixing clamp, and each concave groove is matched with the annular bulge at the fixed point position of the fixed point type strain sensing optical cable 2, so that the fixing clamp can be better fixed. The intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable 2 is fixed to the outer surface of the tunnel structure before the tunnel decoration material is installed, a protective cover plate is arranged on the intensive distributed strain sensing optical cable 2, and the protective cover plate is a decorative plate of a tunnel vertical face so as to guarantee the coupling effect of the optical cable and a lining.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A multidimensional deformation monitoring process for open trench tunnel joints is characterized by comprising the steps of laying fixed point dense distributed strain sensing optical cables (2), arranging a fixed clamp (1) of the optical cables, installing and fixing transition rings (5) and connecting dense distributed optical fiber demodulators (7);
the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) adopts a unique internal fixed point design, and can realize spatial discontinuous non-uniform strain segmentation.
2. Open trench tunnel joint multidimensional deformation monitoring process according to claim 1, wherein the strain measured by the densely distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) is the average strain between adjacent fixed points.
3. The open trench tunnel joint multidimensional deformation monitoring process according to claim 2, wherein one end of the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) is provided with a section of optical cable outside the fixing clamp (1).
4. The open trench tunnel joint multidimensional deformation monitoring process according to claim 1, wherein a circumferential protrusion is arranged at a fixed point of the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2), the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) is fixed on the outer surface of the tunnel structure by using a fixing clamp (1), the fixing clamp (1) is made of stainless steel, a plurality of concave grooves are embedded in the fixing clamp, and each concave groove is matched with the circumferential protrusion on the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2).
5. The open-cut tunnel joint multidimensional deformation monitoring process according to claim 1, wherein the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) is fixed to the outer surface of the tunnel structure before the tunnel decoration material is installed, and a protective cover plate is arranged on the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2), and the protective cover plate is a decorative plate of a tunnel vertical surface.
6. The open-cut tunnel joint multidimensional deformation monitoring process is characterized in that a section of the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) which is redundant for a certain length after crossing the seam along the tunnel trend is an optical cable redundant section.
7. A method for monitoring multidimensional deformation of open trench tunnel joints is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: densely distributed strain sensing optical cables (2) are distributed at the position of a seam (4) on the side wall of the tunnel along the direction of the tunnel in a seam crossing manner, and are fixed by a fixing clamp (1) at a fixed point, so that the strain sensing optical cables are redundant for a certain length;
step S2: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a fixed transition circular ring (5) is used at the bending position of an optical cable along the side wall of a tunnel in a transition and folding mode, a dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) is obliquely distributed to enable the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable to be crossed with a seam in an angle mode, and a fixed clamp (1) is used for fixing the fixed point;
step S3: enabling the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) to be transited to the position of a tunnel top plate seam (6) by using a fixed transition ring (5) along a tunnel side wall seam (4), and arranging a fixed clamp (1) on the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) in an inclined fixed-point mode to enable the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable to be crossed with the tunnel top seam (6) at an angle;
step S4: after the three steps are completed, the main communication optical cable in the dense distributed strain sensing optical cable (2) is led to a monitoring station to be connected with a dense distributed optical fiber demodulator (7), and stretching, vertical settlement and dislocation three-dimensional deformation monitoring are respectively carried out on the redundant section of the optical cable, the transitional retracing joint position and the joint position of the side wall and the top plate.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101713691A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-05-26 | 浙江大学 | Health-monitoring system of distributed sensing fiber tunnel |
| CN106091975A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-11-09 | 南京大学 | Duct pieces of shield tunnel seam fixed point optical cable for sensing two dimension deformation monitoring method |
| CN108005725A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-05-08 | 上海纽建信息科技有限公司 | A kind of structural healthy monitoring system for Shield Tunnel in Soft Soil |
| CN209470718U (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-10-08 | 南京地铁集团有限公司 | A kind of fibre system being preset in shield tunnel |
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- 2021-07-05 CN CN202110759551.6A patent/CN113483688A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101713691A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-05-26 | 浙江大学 | Health-monitoring system of distributed sensing fiber tunnel |
| CN106091975A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-11-09 | 南京大学 | Duct pieces of shield tunnel seam fixed point optical cable for sensing two dimension deformation monitoring method |
| CN108005725A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-05-08 | 上海纽建信息科技有限公司 | A kind of structural healthy monitoring system for Shield Tunnel in Soft Soil |
| CN209470718U (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-10-08 | 南京地铁集团有限公司 | A kind of fibre system being preset in shield tunnel |
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Application publication date: 20211008 |