CN106644203A - Stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional optical fiber stress sensor - Google Patents
Stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional optical fiber stress sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106644203A CN106644203A CN201611050876.2A CN201611050876A CN106644203A CN 106644203 A CN106644203 A CN 106644203A CN 201611050876 A CN201611050876 A CN 201611050876A CN 106644203 A CN106644203 A CN 106644203A
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- sensor
- stress
- sensitive element
- stress sensitive
- optical fiber
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a stress sensitive element based on a three-dimensional optical fiber stress sensor, and the stress sensitive element comprises a sensor bearing plate, and also comprises a cylindrical sensor housing. The upper cylinder opening of the housing is connected with a sensor membrane, and the upper surface of the sensor membrane is connected with the sensor bearing plate through a cylindrical projection. A lower cylinder opening of the sensor housing is connected with a sensor bottom surface, and the sensor bottom surface is provided with a stress sensitive element conductor hole, and is also provided with a clamping tool shaped like a cantilever beam. The lower surface of the sensor membrane is connected with one end of a circular section hook tool, and the other end of the circular section hook tool is bent to extend to the interior of the stress sensitive element conductor hole. An FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) is disposed between the clamping tool shaped like a cantilever beam and the circular section hook tool. The stress sensitive element can be suitable for a work environment underground a coal mine. Depending on the characteristics that optical fiber conduction is not liable to be affected by external environment interference (electromagnetism and electrical impedance), the stress sensitive element is higher in remote transmission stability, and can completely avoid a fiber chirp effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ground field of measuring technique, more particularly to a kind of answering based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor
Force sensitive element, as the core component of three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor, by sensitive face perception stress deformation optical fiber is converted into
Strain.
Background technology
At present, in national State owned coal mine tunnel, deep tunnel occupies 28%～30%, it is anticipated that in coming 10 years
Interior to have increasing mine and enter excess of imports km deep developing mining phase, China will become exploitation of coal resources in the world
The maximum country of depth.
But deep wall rock weak broken, conventional detecting earth stress method and test system is difficult to effectively input mostly to be made
With.Such as hydraulic fracturing, the testing feature of itself determines it suitable for the preferable rock mass of integrality, and substantially belongs to
Two-dimensionally stress test method.And another kind of conventional detecting earth stress method over-coring stress relief method, using front needing thing
First assume the physico-mechanical properties parameter and corresponding constitutive relation of tested rock mass, and the actual behaviour under deep soft rock occurrence condition
During work, it is relatively low that satisfactory complete core obtains success rate.Therefore traditionally stress test method in deep tunnel
The use requirement in engineering cannot be almost met in weak broken wall rock.
Cannot be competent at actual this more and more prominent contradiction of engineering, three-dimensional fiber to solve existing detecting earth stress method
Crustal stress sensor arises at the historic moment.Existing several strain gauges on market, are not particularly suited for deep wall rock or deep tunnel is assigned
Deposit condition.There are problems that in practical application in such circumstances.Conventional strain gauge can only generally realize one-dimensional stress
Measurement, it is impossible to the same time obtains the space crustal stress states in tested place.In addition existing sensor is mostly based on telecommunications
Number as signal transmission instrument, particular/special requirement of the down-hole to explosion-proof antistatic was not accounted for, do not obtained certification of conformity of an instrument for explosive atmosphere with peace
Full mark, it is impossible to put in the underground coal mine adverse circumstances rich in flammable explosive gas such as gas and normally use.In addition,
Several triaxiality sensors disclosed in Chinese patent do not form shaped article batch and put goods on the market, its measuring technology announced
It is not perfect with device assembly.
Stress cannot be measured directly by any survey tool.Existing strain gauge is by the indirect survey to straining
Measure to perceive stress.Therefore, stress sensitive element is the core component of three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor, and it is by sensor senses
To stress the optical frequency signals of being capable of direct access are converted into by fibre strain, then carried out by later stage modulation demodulation system
Demodulation, is reduced to the three-dimensional ground stress numerical value in tested place.Traditional stress sensitive element is mainly included：1. elastic cylinder (divides
For solid and hollow two kinds), the component structure is simple, can bear very big load；But produce displacement very little, so often with should
Become as output quantity；2. cantilever beam, is divided into uniform beam and the beam of uniform strength again, its simple structure, and sensitivity is high, is used for less
The measurement of power, using strain or the displacement of free end as output quantity；3. rod is reversed, it is mainly used in torque sensor；4. justify
Shape diaphragm or circular wave diaphragm, the phase is generally used for measuring the pressure differential in fluid.Due in three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor
Portion's narrow space, should meet requirement of explosion proof transmission optical signal, and the chirp that fiber grating itself need to be overcome to exist again can be with
Find out, existing stress sensitive element is not suitable for the device.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of prior art, there is provided a kind of based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor
Stress sensitive element, perceptually stress signal is to the reforming unit between light frequency data signal, for deep tunnel or depth
Among burying the broken weak surrounding rock detecting earth stress in tunnel.Based on the stress sensitive element, sensor is capable of achieving to measurement object
The indirect gain of country rock internal stress value, at the same can long term monitoring surrouding rock stress value immediately change.By the element transmission
Optical frequency signals be data signal one kind, with the distortionless advantage of long-distance transmissions signal, signal value receive environment, temperature
Degree, the impact of the interference of electrical impedance, the ability with good anti-interference and resistance to environment.
A kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor, including multisensor carrier plate, also including cylinder
The sensor outer housing of shape, the upper nozzle of sensor outer housing is connected with sensor diaphragm, and the upper surface of sensor diaphragm passes through cylinder
Shape projection is connected with multisensor carrier plate, and the lower nozzle of sensor outer housing is connected with sensor bottom surface, sets on sensor bottom surface
Stress sensitive component connection wire hole is equipped with, the base disk of annular, outer rim side and the biography of base disk are provided with sensor bottom surface
Sensor outer casing inner wall is fitted, and the inner ring side of base disk is connected with cantilever beam type fixture, lower surface and the circle of sensor diaphragm
Section hitcher one end connects, and the circular cross-section hitcher other end is curved to be extended down in stress sensitive component connection wire hole, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG
The connection optical fiber on top is fastened in cantilever beam type fixture, and the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG bottom is fastened on curved being extended down to should
On the end of the circular cross-section hitcher in force sensitive element wire guide.
In central axis, the central axis of cylindrical protrusions, the sensor diaphragm of multisensor carrier plate as above
Heart axis, the central axis of sensor outer housing, the central axis of base disk, stress sensitive component connection wire hole central axis with
And Fiber Bragg Grating FBG place straight line is conllinear.
Cantilever beam type fixture as above includes termination step and cantilever beam beam body, and outside and the base of termination step are justified
The inner ring side shape adaptation of disk, the inner side of termination step is connected with cantilever beam beam body one end, and the cantilever beam beam body other end is offered
Chuck otch.
Termination as above step is arc, and the height of cantilever beam beam body is less than the height of termination step, cantilever beam beam
Body one end is connected to the middle part of termination step.
Circular cross-section hitcher as above includes vertical quarter butt, upper lateral connecting rod, longitudinally connected bar, lower, transverse
Connecting rod and rectangular base plate, the circular cross-section hitcher top at the top of vertical quarter butt is connected with sensor diaphragm, the bottom of vertical quarter butt
Portion is connected with upper lateral connecting rod one end, and the upper lateral connecting rod other end is connected with the top of longitudinally connected bar, longitudinally connects
The bottom of extension bar is connected with lower, transverse connecting rod one end, and the lower, transverse connecting rod other end is connected with rectangular base plate, rectangular base
Hitcher otch is offered on plate, the connection optical fiber on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG top is fastened in chuck otch, optical fiber Bragg light
The connection optical fiber of grid bottom is fastened in hitcher otch.
It is coated with epoxide-resin glue between chuck otch and the connection optical fiber on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG top as above；
Epoxide-resin glue is coated between described hitcher otch and the connection grating of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG bottom.
The present invention has advantages below：
1st, frequency of light wave signal belongs to data signal, the advantage with long-distance communications.Signal is in long range propagation process
In it is unattenuated, it is undistorted.Based on optic fibre characteristic, signal transduction process anti-interference is good, is difficult by environment shadows such as electromagnetism, temperature
Ring.With preferably environment resistant.
2nd, stress sensitive component size is little, light weight, easy to install.It is easy to large scale investment marketization production.Take
Material is easy, advantage of lower cost, and processing technology thereof is relatively simple, with certain market competitiveness.
3rd, stress sensitive element sensitivity is high.Using drawing design is vertically arranged, traditional fiber stress sensitive unit is overcome completely
Fiber grating is due to the chirp produced by non-homogeneous strain in part.The Fiber Bragg Grating FBG designed using this programme
Belong to the homogeneous strain such as generation in course of normal operation, produce significantly good light waveform, it is easy to which the later stage demodulates.
4th, stress sensitive element device essential safety, Long-Time Service durability and sealing are good, seal anti-corrosion.It is suitable
Used in the complex geologic conditions rugged environment such as down-hole and deep tunnel.
5th, with reference to supporting three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor, stress sensitive element can realize device to hole Zhou Yanti crustal stress
Long-term follow measurement in real time.Distributed testing is facilitated implementation in the later stage, the overall stress field of the surrounding rock of monitoring is covered.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the integral assembling structure front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the base disk of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view of the cantilever beam type fixture of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of the circular cross-section hitcher of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the top view of the circular cross-section hitcher of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the integral assembling structure top view of the present invention.
Wherein：
1-1- multisensor carrier plates, 1-2- sensor diaphragms, 1-3- sensor outer housing inwalls, 1-4- sensors bottom surface, 1-
5- stress sensitive component connection wires hole；
2- base disks, 2-1- base disk upper surfaces, 2-2- base disk ring inwalls, 2-3- base disk ring outer walls,
2-4- base lower disk surfaces；
3- cantilever beam type fixtures, 3-1- terminations step, 3-2- first step outwardly extending portions, 3-3- second steps are to extension
Extending portion, 3-4- cantilever beam beam bodies, 3-5- chuck otch, 3-6- fiber optic materials bonding colloid；
4- circular cross-section hitchers, 4-1- circular cross-section hitchers top, the vertical quarter butts of 4-2-, 4-3- upper lateral connecting rods,
The longitudinally connected bars of 4-4-, 4-5- lower, transverse connecting rods, 4-6- rectangular base plates, 4-7- hitcher otch；
5- Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further detailed explanation：
A kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor, including multisensor carrier plate 1-1, also include
The sensor outer housing of tubular, the upper nozzle of sensor outer housing is connected with sensor diaphragm 1-2, the upper surface of sensor diaphragm 1-2
It is connected with multisensor carrier plate 1-1 by cylindrical protrusions, the lower nozzle of sensor outer housing is connected with sensor bottom surface 1-4, is passed
Stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 is provided with the 1-4 of sensor bottom surface, the base circle of annular is provided with the 1-4 of sensor bottom surface
Disk 2, the outer rim side of base disk 2 is fitted with sensor outer housing inwall 1-3, inner ring side and the cantilever beam type fixture 3 of base disk 2
Connection, the lower surface of sensor diaphragm 1-2 is connected with the one end of circular cross-section hitcher 4, and curved being extended down to of the other end of circular cross-section hitcher 4 should
In force sensitive element wire guide 1-5, the connection optical fiber on the top of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 is fastened in cantilever beam type fixture 3, optical fiber
The connection optical fiber of the bottom of Bragg grating 5 is fastened on the curved circular cross-section hitcher 4 being extended down in stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5
On end.
The central axis of multisensor carrier plate 1-1, the central axis of cylindrical protrusions, the central shaft of sensor diaphragm 1-2
Line, the central axis of sensor outer housing, the central axis of base disk 2, stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 central axis with
And the place straight line of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 is conllinear.
Cantilever beam type fixture 3 includes that termination step 3-1 and the outside of cantilever beam beam body 3-4, termination step 3-1 are justified with base
The inner ring side shape adaptation of disk 2, the inner side of termination step 3-1 is connected with cantilever beam beam body 3-4 one end, and beam body 3-4 is another for cantilever beam
One end offers chuck otch 3-5.
Termination step 3-1 is arc, and the height of cantilever beam beam body 3-4 is less than the height of termination step 3-1, cantilever beam beam body
3-4 one end is connected to the middle part of termination step 3-1.
Circular cross-section hitcher 4 includes vertical quarter butt 4-2, upper lateral connecting rod 4-3, longitudinally connected bar 4-4, lower, transverse
Connecting rod 4-5 and rectangular base plate 4-6, the circular cross-section hitcher top 4-1 at the top of vertical quarter butt 4-2 connects with sensor diaphragm 1-2
Connect, the bottom of vertical quarter butt 4-2 is connected with upper lateral connecting rod 4-3 one end, the upper lateral connecting rod 4-3 other end and longitudinal direction
The top connection of connecting rod 4-4, the bottom of longitudinally connected bar 4-4 is connected with lower, transverse connecting rod 4-5 one end, and lower, transverse connects
The extension bar 4-5 other ends are connected with rectangular base plate 4-6, and hitcher otch 4-7, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 are offered in rectangular base plate 4-6
The connection optical fiber on top is fastened in chuck otch 3-5, and the connection optical fiber of the bottom of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 is fastened on hitcher otch
In 4-7.
Epoxide-resin glue is coated between the connection optical fiber on chuck otch 3-5 and the top of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5；Described
Epoxide-resin glue is coated between the connection optical fiber of hitcher otch 4-7 and the bottom of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5.
The sensor outer housing of tubular is coaxial with stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5.
As shown in figure 1, the central spot of sensor diaphragm 1-2 upper surface is provided with a cylindrical protrusions, cylindrical protrusions
After upper surface central point and multisensor carrier plate 1-1 lower surface central points are aligned, using spot welding mode firm welding circular cylindrical projection
Rise and multisensor carrier plate 1-1.Sensor diaphragm 1-2 is close to the sensor outer housing inwall 1-3 of the upper nozzle of sensor outer housing, passes
Between sensor diaphragm 1-2 and sensor outer housing inwall 1-3 by the way of interference connection, to reach close-fitting effect.
Placement stress sensitive element in the placement cavity that sensor outer housing and stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 are constituted.Overall placement is empty
The first cylindrical cavity (cavity that sensor outer housing is constituted) and the second cylinder that chamber is considered as two coaxial different-diameters is empty
Chamber (stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 constitute cavity), the first cylindrical cavity with diameter greater than the second cylindrical cavity.Above institute
State structure to its role is to provide sufficient space, to dispose base disk 2, cantilever beam type fixture 3 and circular cross-section hitcher 4, and
So that cantilever beam type fixture 3 and circular cross-section hitcher 4 freedom and flexibility can be sent out after compressive deformation and displacement in residing space
Raw deformation and displacement by other components without being disturbed.In process, it is especially desirable to note precision problem, certainty of measurement is very
The processing technology and installation accuracy of its inner working components are depended in big degree.Further, since optical fiber is soft, sharp corner cut is met
The characteristic for easily snapping off, process the placement cavity during should be noted the round and smooth process of transitional region, that is, after processing
Acute angle turning point is slightly polished, and seamlessly transits acute angle turnover.Immediately below placement cavity, i.e. the upper table of sensor bottom surface 1-4
Face, placement base disk 2.Base disk 2 needs to be close to closely knit peace with sensor outer housing inwall 1-3 and sensor bottom surface 1-4
Dress, the fixation by the way of precompressed spot welding after constructing shaping, on the 1-4 of sensor bottom surface step is formed.Cantilever beam type is pressed from both sides
The shape of termination step 3-1 one end of tool 3 and the adhered shape of base disk ring inwall 2-2.Cantilever beam type fixture 3 is integrally not
Rust steel tooling member, as shown in figure 3, the termination step 3-1 of its left end is similar to rectangular shape and slightly band radian, its height
Slightly above cantilever beam beam body 3-4, termination step 3-1 include the first step positioned at cantilever beam beam body 3-4 both sides and stretch out
The arc of portion 3-2 and second step outwardly extending portion 3-3, first step outwardly extending portion 3-2 and second step outwardly extending portion 3-3
The radian of degree and base disk ring inwall 2-2 is consistent.In concrete installation process, termination step 3-1 is placed in into sensing
On the 1-4 of device bottom surface, termination step 3-1 high order ends are fitted with base disk ring inwall 2-2 and are alignd.Using the side of precompressed spot welding
On the contact surface of formula, the contact surface at two, the i.e. bottom of cantilever beam type fixture 3 and sensor bottom surface 1-4 upper surfaces, with Fig. 3 middle-ends
Fixation is respectively welded on the contact surface of caster bed rank 3-1 left side arc outer walls and base disk ring inwall 2-2.
After constructing machine-shaping, cantilever beam beam body 3-4 is located at diametrically (i.e. outside the sensor of tubular of the first cylindrical cavity
Shell is diametrically), and chuck otch 3-5 is in axis (both axle of stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 of the second cylindrical cavity
Line) on, be so designed that be in order to ensure the tension of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 after produce can in homogeneous strain, and the Deformation Theory
See uniaxial train as, i.e., be only just subjected to displacement change on the axis direction of cylindrical stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5, lead to
Cross this and construct mode, the strain of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG and stress sensitive element institute gaging hole Zhou Yanti surrouding rock stresses will be in one a pair
The linear relationship answered.Thereby directly can be calculated by Fiber Bragg Grating FBG changed wavelength by demodulated equipment and dimensionally should
Force value.Bottom and the cantilever beam beam body 3-4 of termination step 3-1 among cantilever beam type fixture 3 are noted also on installation requirement
Bottom must level be welded on the upper surface of sensor bottom surface 1-4, make cantilever beam beam body 3-4 and sensor bottom surface 1-4 in sky
Between it is upper in be parallel to each other position, and fixation, will not be subjected to displacement each other and the changing of the relative positions, to ensure cantilever beam type fixture 3
Linear strain design requirement.It is to be fixed complete after, at chuck otch 3-5 intert cut-and-dried optical fiber Bragg light
Grid 5, inserting process should be noted that the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 needs to be close in embedded chuck otch 3-5, Ran Hou
The position uses the simultaneously blind of epoxide-resin glue uniform application, after colloid solidification, the connection on the top of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5
Optical fiber is connected at chuck otch 3-5, and relative displacement change no longer occurs, in case because fixture is pressed from both sides during normal use
The connection optical fiber on the top of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 loosens and produces null offset folded by head otch 3-5.Circular cross-section hitcher top
4-1 upper surfaces are fixed at sensor diaphragm 1-2 lower surface center position using the welding manner of spot welding, the second cylindrical cavity
Perpendicular to horizontal plane, vertical quarter butt 4-2, upper lateral connect the axis of (cavity that stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 is surrounded)
Bar 4-3, longitudinally connected bar 4-4, lower, transverse connecting rod 4-5 are located in same projection straight line in the projection of horizontal plane, and projection is straight
Line is located at the second cylindrical cavity diametrically, and the axis that projection straight line goes up along its length with cantilever beam beam body 3-4 is with always
Line.Rectangular base plate 4-6 of the lower section of circular cross-section hitcher 4 is horizontally placed in stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5, and rectangular base plate 4-6
Certain space distance is kept with surrounding, prevents from producing obstruction during work shift.Finally optical fiber Bragg will be located in Fig. 1
The connection optical fiber of the bottom of grating 5 is passed by hitcher otch 4-7.Plus man-hour first will be in Fig. 1 below Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5
Connection optical fiber at 4mm points is snapped in hitcher otch 4-7, then uniform coated fiber material bonding colloid so as to closely connection.Cause
For a segment length Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 shifted to an earlier date it is prefabricated among optical fiber, so will pass through on optical fiber choose be adapted to
Position adds in a fixed manner, and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 has been fixed between cantilever beam type fixture 3 and circular cross-section hitcher 4.
Base disk 2 is hollow design, in annular, is close to sensor outer housing inwall 1-3 lower sections, is formed in sensor
Shell step, is easy to next step to install and manufacture craft.Consider that it is processed and formed at one time, the characteristic dismantled is not required to, using pre- pressure point
The mode of weldering is weldingly fixed on sensor bottom surface 1-4.Base disk 2 to meet material to the requirement in rigidity, choose and
It is that martensitic precipitation hardening type stainless steel processes raw material as it to make sensor outer housing identical material.Subsequent parts are substantially
It is installed on base disk 2, thus the accurate performance of the rigidity correspondence force sensitive element of base disk 2 can produce larger shadow
Ring.
Cantilever beam type fixture 3, it is the important ring in stress sensitive element Integral construction.In view of integrated stress transmission
Process and signal are shifted to new management mechanisms, and it is equal that the making material of cantilever beam type fixture 3 equally chooses linear elasticity, thermal coefficient of expansion and resistant to rust
Preferable martensitic precipitation hardening type stainless steel material.Cantilever beam type fixture 3 integral rigidity itself is larger, when its end is subject to light
During certain pulling force effect that fibre is produced, its correspondence amount of deflection is negligible, it is ensured that the accuracy of stress sensitive element measurement.
Termination step 3-1 liftings, and first step outwardly extending portion 3-2, second step outwardly extending portion 3-2 is symmetrically extended, termination platform
Certain polishing carried out on the outside of rank 3-1 its shape is agreed with completely with the inwall of base disk 2 not interspace.Cantilever beam beam body 3-4
An otch is polished in end, chuck otch 3-5 is formed, this kind of end clamp formula design is easy to be pressed from both sides in subsequent fabrication process
Firmly Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5.Cantilever beam type fixture 3 is weldingly fixed on the inner side of base disk 2 using precompressed spot welding mode.Weldering
Contact is divided at two, is cantilever beam type fixture 3 and the contact site of base disk 2 at one, and another place is cantilever beam type fixture 3 and biography
Sensor bottom surface 1-4 contacts site.Circular cross-section hitcher 4 is that stress sensitive element is another constructs part.Except rectangular base plate 4-6
Part, the entire body of circular cross-section hitcher 4 is formed by connecting by four sections of quarter butts (4-2,4-3,4-4,4-5) in 90 ° of angle bending splicings.For
Ensure sensor accuracy in actual use, using martensitic precipitation hardening type stainless steel material as circular cross-section
The rapidoprint of hitcher 4.Playing the performances such as sufficiently large rigidity and good linear elasticity causes fibre strain completely by sensitive face position
Shifting is caused, to eliminate error.Construct in assembling process in stress sensitive element, be to simplify operation, by circular cross-section hitcher top
4-1 is weldingly fixed on sensor diaphragm 1-2 bottom center Dian Chu, circular cross-section hitcher 4 and sensor using precompressed spot welding mode
Diaphragm 1-2 is connected to become unified entirety, and can regard as do not exist each other relative motion.After installing, chuck otch 3-5 and hook
The central axes of tool 2 lines of otch 4-7 and stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5.Stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5
It is under the jurisdiction of a part for stress sensitive element.It makes in advance in three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor spheroid itself making processing period
Formed.Stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 is integrally in the second cylinder of composition in cylinder, stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5
Cavity, stress sensitive component connection wire hole 1-5 materials are 430 type stainless steel materials.
Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 is that the core of stress sensitive element constructs building block.In Fibre Optical Sensor field, it is based on
The Fibre Optical Sensor of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 has gone through significant progress and application, and obtains the accreditation in market.Therefore here
Implement the Signals collecting function of stress sensitive element from the fiber grating of this type.Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is using quartzy light
Used as its making material, its main component is silica (SiO to fibre2), the characteristics of the material has low consumption, broadband, it is suitable for
In signals collecting and signal transduction component as stress sensitive element.Concrete processing technology i.e. optical fiber Bragg light is described below
Grid paste manufacturing process.Alcohol washes pretreatment is carried out to cantilever beam type fixture 3 and circular cross-section hitcher 4, after drying in the shade, by heat conduction
Shape epoxide-resin glue is heated in advance melts it.The connection optical fiber on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG top is fixed on into chuck otch 3-5
Place, uniform application epoxide-resin glue, and wait it to cool and solidify.Again by the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG bottom via hook
Tool otch 4-7, wire guide, sensor wire mouth are drawn.At hitcher otch 4-7, using above-mentioned same process epoxy resin
Glue is fixed on the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG bottom on hitcher otch 4-7.So far, the two ends of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5
Connection optical fiber be fixed between chuck otch 3-5 and hitcher otch 4-7 by colloid respectively, a whole set of stress sensitive element has made
Into.
The operation principle of stress sensitive element：
When three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor is under normal operating conditions, elapse over time, sensor is subject to single
Adjust the effect of rock extrusion stress around incremental hole.The loading plate going down that stress is covered by sensor surface, makes sensing
Device diaphragm 1-2 produces symmetric deformation.Theoretical according to Plate Mechanics, now sensor diaphragm 1-2 central point produces downward amount of deflection
Change.The displacement drives circular cross-section hitcher 4 to move simultaneously, produces the displacement of formed objects.And cantilever beam type in the process
The position of fixture 3 keeps constant, thus the two ends tension of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5, with chuck otch 3-5 and hitcher otch 4-7 it
Between relative position increase and produce correspondence stretching strain.By the change, the outside surrouding rock stress change that sensor senses are arrived
Inside turn to the strain of itself Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5.The continuous growth strained with it, grating spacings constantly increase.Sensor
Diaphragm 1-2 is delivered to the centre wavelength drift value of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 caused by the unit strain of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5
(pm/ μ ε) is definite value, and with the change of this kind of wavelength, the frequency of light wave or wavelength of the output of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 can occur
It is corresponding to change.It is possible thereby to set up and obtain between extraneous surrouding rock stress and itself wavelength shift of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 5 one by one
Corresponding input/output relation.So as to realize the exploitation purpose of stress sensitive element：The stress signal for not directly gathering is turned
Turn to the frequency of light wave or wavelength signals that can be exported, read and transmit.Because surrouding rock stress and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are exported
Wavelength is corresponded, and can read wavelength value by later stage demodulating equipment, and inverse solves stress sensitive element institute geodetic stress
Size.Because sensor is imbedded in the initial stress area in deep tunnel or deep tunnel, its temperature keeps throughout the year permanent
It is fixed.Thus the design can be without considering the impact that temperature change is produced to it.According to above-mentioned principle and simplified thought, stress is quick
The course of work of sensing unit can be illustrated with following formula：
ΔλB=αεε (1)
Δ λ in formulaBRepresent the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG centre wavelength drift value of corresponding aperture week surrouding rock stress, αεIt is expressed as light
The sensitivity coefficient of fine Bragg optical grating strain sensing, i.e., the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG centre wavelength drift caused by unit strain
Amount (pm/ μ ε).ε represents optical fibre Bragg optical grating strain.
ε=Δ L/L (2)
Δ L represents Fiber Bragg Grating FBG elongation in formula, and its value keeps one with the downward displacement of pressure-sensitive diaphragm central point
Cause, L represents the length between the chuck otch 3-5 of cantilever beam type fixture 3 and the hitcher otch 4-7 of circular cross-section hitcher 4.
Only to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, one of ordinary skill in the art should manage above example
Solution, technical scheme modifies or replaces on an equal basis, without deviating from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention,
Should cover in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor, including multisensor carrier plate (1-1), its feature
It is that, also including the sensor outer housing of tubular, the upper nozzle of sensor outer housing is connected with sensor diaphragm (1-2), sensor film
The upper surface of piece (1-2) is connected by cylindrical protrusions with multisensor carrier plate (1-1), lower nozzle and the sensing of sensor outer housing
Device bottom surface (1-4) connects, and stress sensitive component connection wire hole (1-5), sensor bottom surface are provided with sensor bottom surface (1-4)
(1-4) the base disk (2) of annular is provided with, the outer rim side of base disk (2) is fitted with sensor outer housing inwall (1-3),
The inner ring side of base disk (2) is connected with cantilever beam type fixture (3), lower surface and the circular cross-section hook of sensor diaphragm (1-2)
The connection of tool (4) one end, circular cross-section hitcher (4) other end is curved to be extended down in stress sensitive component connection wire hole (1-5), optical fiber Bragg
The connection optical fiber on grating (5) top is fastened in cantilever beam type fixture (3), the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (5) bottom
It is fastened on the end of the curved circular cross-section hitcher (4) being extended down in stress sensitive component connection wire hole (1-5).
2. a kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor according to claim 1, its feature exists
In in central axis, the central axis of cylindrical protrusions, the sensor diaphragm (1-2) of described multisensor carrier plate (1-1)
In heart axis, the central axis of sensor outer housing, the central axis of base disk (2), stress sensitive component connection wire hole (1-5)
Heart axis and Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (5) place straight line are conllinear.
3. a kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor according to claim 1, its feature exists
Include termination step (3-1) and cantilever beam beam body (3-4) in, described cantilever beam type fixture (3), termination step (3-1) it is outer
Side and the inner ring side shape adaptation of base disk (2), the inner side of termination step (3-1) is connected with cantilever beam beam body (3-4) one end,
Cantilever beam beam body (3-4) other end offers chuck otch (3-5).
4. a kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor according to claim 3, its feature exists
In described termination step (3-1) is arc, and the height of cantilever beam beam body (3-4) hangs less than the height of termination step (3-1)
Arm beam beam body (3-4) one end is connected to the middle part of termination step (3-1).
5. a kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor according to claim 3, its feature exists
In described circular cross-section hitcher (4) is including vertical quarter butt (4-2), upper lateral connecting rod (4-3), longitudinally connected bar (4-
4), lower, transverse connecting rod (4-5) and rectangular base plate (4-6), the circular cross-section hitcher top (4- at the top of vertical quarter butt (4-2)
1) it is connected with sensor diaphragm (1-2), the bottom of vertical quarter butt (4-2) is connected with upper lateral connecting rod (4-3) one end, top
Transverse connecting rod (4-3) other end is connected with the top of longitudinally connected bar (4-4), the bottom and bottom of longitudinally connected bar (4-4)
Transverse connecting rod (4-5) one end connects, and lower, transverse connecting rod (4-5) other end is connected with rectangular base plate (4-6), rectangular base plate
(4-6) hitcher otch (4-7) is offered on, the connection optical fiber on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (5) top is fastened on chuck otch (3-5)
Interior, the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (5) bottom is fastened in hitcher otch (4-7).
6. a kind of stress sensitive element based on three-dimensional fiber crustal stress sensor according to claim 5, its feature exists
In being coated with epoxide-resin glue between described chuck otch (3-5) and the connection optical fiber on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (5) top；
Epoxide-resin glue is coated between described hitcher otch (4-7) and the connection optical fiber of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (5) bottom.
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| CN106644203B (en) | 2019-02-19 |
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