CN112254662B - Three-dimensional strain measurement device and method suitable for deep fractured rock mass - Google Patents
Three-dimensional strain measurement device and method suitable for deep fractured rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN112254662B CN112254662B CN202011104384.3A CN202011104384A CN112254662B CN 112254662 B CN112254662 B CN 112254662B CN 202011104384 A CN202011104384 A CN 202011104384A CN 112254662 B CN112254662 B CN 112254662B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for a deep fractured rock mass, which comprises an optical fiber sensing unit, wherein the optical fiber sensing unit comprises an optical fiber cylinder, a cylindrical sensor placing hole is formed in one end face of the optical fiber cylinder, connecting threads are arranged at the other end of the optical fiber cylinder, a first fixing block and a second fixing block are sequentially arranged in the sensor placing hole from outside to inside, a first arc groove and a second arc groove are respectively arranged on opposite side faces of the first fixing block and the second fixing block, an annular optical fiber strain gauge is arranged between the first arc groove and the second arc groove, two opposite sides of the optical fiber strain gauge are respectively connected with an optical fiber, and a pressure head extends into the sensor placing hole and abuts against the first fixing block. The invention has high measurement precision and good sealing performance, can realize the applicability of different drilling sizes, and the spring and the roller can not only realize guiding positioning, but also avoid the problems of wheel clamping and blocking caused by rock debris, slag, rock wall damage and the like in the drilling hole, and further can not promote positioning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional strain testing of deep fractured rock masses, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for deep fractured rock masses and a three-dimensional strain measuring method suitable for deep fractured rock masses.
Background
With the rapid development of underground engineering in China, the high deep complex geological environment becomes an important factor for restricting the development of the deep underground engineering, and the accurate measurement of the stress and deformation of the deep fractured rock mass is a key technology for revealing the mechanical characteristics of the fractured rock mass in the deep complex geological environment. At present, hydraulic fracturing and stress relief methods are mainly used for measuring deep rock masses, the methods are mainly suitable for complete rock masses, the applicability of deep broken rock masses is weak, and three-dimensional test results cannot be obtained, so that the test results cannot truly reflect the three-dimensional mechanical characteristics of the deep rock masses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a three-dimensional strain measuring device and a three-dimensional strain measuring method suitable for deep fractured rock masses. And the three-dimensional strain measurement and real-time monitoring can be realized. The device has characteristics such as sensitivity is high, and stability is good, strong adaptability, and the installation is nimble in the use, and is quick detachable, scalable regulation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a three-dimensional strain measurement device suitable for broken rock mass of deep portion, including the optical fiber sensing unit, the optical fiber sensing unit includes the optical fiber cylinder, columniform sensor placement hole has been seted up to optical fiber cylinder one end terminal surface, the optical fiber cylinder other end is provided with connecting thread, the sensor is placed the hole and is followed outer extremely interior first fixed block and the second fixed block of having set gradually, be provided with first circular arc groove and second circular arc groove on the relative side of first fixed block and second fixed block respectively, be provided with annular optical fiber strain meter between first circular arc groove and the second circular arc groove, optical fiber strain meter two offsides respectively with optical fiber connection, the pressure head stretches into the sensor and places in the hole and offsets with first fixed block.
The pressure head comprises a force transmission column and an external contact column, one end of the force transmission column is connected with the external contact column, and the other end of the force transmission column extends into the sensor placing hole to abut against the first fixing block.
As above the periphery of the one end that the power transmission post offsets with first fixed block be provided with the pressure head snap ring, sealed annular, first annular and second annular have been seted up on the inner wall in hole is placed to the sensor, first fixed block periphery is provided with first snap ring, be provided with sealed ring on the outside anchor ring of pressure head snap ring, sealed ring, pressure head snap ring and first snap ring all block and establish in first annular, second fixed block periphery is provided with the second snap ring, the second snap ring sets up in the second annular, the interior ring cover of sealed lantern ring is established on the power transmission post, sealed lantern ring outer loop card is established in sealed annular.
A first arc gasket is arranged between the first arc groove and the annular optical fiber strain gauge, a second arc gasket is arranged between the second arc groove and the annular optical fiber strain gauge, and the second arc groove is provided with a temperature sensor.
The utility model provides a three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for broken rock mass of deep portion, still includes cylindric optical fiber connector, and optical fiber connector's periphery evenly is provided with three optical fiber sensing unit, and the axis of each optical fiber sensing unit is the angle of settlement with optical fiber connector's axis.
Both ends of the optical fiber connecting piece are connected with the positioner through the connecting rod, and the positioner comprises a positioning connecting block and elastic roller parts uniformly arranged on the periphery of the positioning connecting block.
The elastic roller part comprises a threaded rod, a first spring chassis, a spring, a second spring chassis, a first roller positioning sheet, a second roller positioning sheet, a cross rod and a roller,
one end of the threaded rod is connected with a threaded hole in the periphery of the positioning connecting block, the other end of the threaded rod is connected with one side of the first spring chassis, two ends of the spring are respectively connected with the other side of the first spring chassis and one side of the second spring chassis, the first roller positioning piece and the second roller positioning piece are both arranged on the other side of the second spring chassis, two ends of the cross rod are respectively connected with the first roller positioning piece and the second roller positioning piece, and the roller sleeves are arranged on the cross rod.
As above, the connecting rods are multiple, threads are arranged at two ends of each connecting rod, adjacent connecting rods are connected through threaded sleeves, and the connecting rods are connected with positioning connecting block interfaces arranged on the positioning connecting blocks.
A three-dimensional strain measurement method suitable for deep fractured rock mass comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling an optical fiber sensing unit;
step 2, mounting the optical fiber sensing unit and the optical fiber connecting piece;
step 3, assembling the elastic roller part;
step 4, mounting the elastic roller part and the positioning connecting block;
step 5, assembling the optical fiber connecting piece, the positioning connecting block and the connecting rod;
step 6, adjusting the depth of the threaded rod screwed into the threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block according to the diameter of the on-site drilling hole, so that the center line of the positioning connecting block is consistent with the center line of the drilling hole; then, guiding and positioning in the drill hole through a roller, determining the actual embedding depth, fixing a lead of the optical fiber strain gauge, then recharging and plugging the drill hole with cement paste, and finally measuring and recording strain original data of the optical fiber strain gauge;
step 7, taking the central axis of any one of the optical fiber sensing units as the direction x 1; the central axis direction of the optical fiber connector 2-1 is the direction x2, the perpendicular direction of the plane where the x1-x2 is located is the direction x3, a Cartesian coordinate system x1-x2-x3 is established, coordinate transformation is conducted on the original strain data to obtain three-dimensional strain data under Cartesian coordinates, and the main strain and the size and direction of the main strain are calculated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the measurement accuracy is high: the optical fiber strain gauge comprises a middle ring, wherein arc grooves (1-3-1 and 1-3-2) and arc gaskets (1-4-1 and 1-4-2) are additionally arranged between the middle ring and a pressure head, so that an arc hinged connection mode is formed between the middle ring and the arc grooves and between the middle ring and the arc gaskets, the contact surfaces of the middle ring and the arc gaskets (1-4-1 and 1-4-2) are in a central symmetry structure, the upper stress can be transmitted to the optical fiber strain gauge more uniformly, and strain measurement errors caused by uneven stress and shearing stress in a stress plane can be avoided;
(2) the leakproofness is good: external fluid seepage can be prevented from entering the optical fiber cylinder through the sealing sleeve ring, grease is filled in the sealing sleeve ring and the trapezoidal sealing port of the optical fiber cylinder, fluid seepage can be avoided, influence on stress transmission of a pressure head can be avoided, and secondary sealing treatment is carried out through the sealing circular rings 1-8 in the sealing sleeve ring; the sealing performance of the optical fiber strain gauge is ensured;
(3) the telescopic adjustment is as follows: the depth of the threaded rod 3-7 screwed into the threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block 4-1 is adjusted, so that the applicability of different drilling sizes can be realized, and the springs and the rollers can not only realize guiding positioning, but also avoid the problems that the positioning cannot be promoted due to wheel clamping and blocking caused by rock debris, slag, rock wall damage and the like in the drilling;
(4) the adaptability is wide: the integral diameter of the invention is smaller than the diameter of the drill hole, and the invention is pushed to the preset position by the elastic roller part and then grouted and sealed to finish embedding, namely the invention carries out stress transmission with surrounding rock through the grouting body without directly contacting with the drill hole surrounding rock, avoids local stress concentration and three-dimensional uneven stress during embedding, and simultaneously ensures that the invention is not only suitable for deep broken rock mass, but also has good applicability in medium and hard rock mass.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a fiber optic cylinder;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an optical fiber sensing unit;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a fiber optic cylinder;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a fiber optic cylinder;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a fiber optic sensing assembly;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a pilot positioning unit;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a guide locator;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection assembly;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional strain device;
in the figure: 1-1 part of an optical fiber cylinder, 1-1-1 part of the optical fiber cylinder, 1-1-2 parts of the optical fiber cylinder, 1-1-3 parts of the optical fiber cylinder, 1-1-4 parts of an optical fiber cylinder trapezoidal sealing port, 1-1-5 parts of a sensor placing hole, 1-1-6 parts of a sealing ring groove, 1-1-7 parts of a first ring groove, 1-2 parts of a second ring groove, a pressure head, 1-2-1 parts of a force transmission column, 1-2-2 parts of an external contact column, 1-2-3 parts of a pressure head clamping ring; 1-3-1 part of a first arc groove, 1-3-2 parts of a second arc groove, 1-3-3 parts of a first fixed block, 1-3-4 parts of a second fixed block, 1-3-5 parts of a first snap ring, 1-3-6 parts of a second snap ring, 1-4-1 parts of a first arc gasket, 1-4-2 parts of a second arc gasket, 1-5 parts of an optical fiber strain gauge, 1-6 parts of an optical fiber, 1-7 parts of a temperature sensor, 1-8 parts of a sealing ring, 1-9 parts of a sealing lantern ring, 1-10 parts of a lead cavity, 2-1 part of an optical fiber connector, 2-2 parts of an optical fiber connector interface, 2-3 parts of a threading hole, 3-1 part of a first spring chassis, 3-2 parts of a spring, 3-3 parts of a first spring chassis, 3-2 parts of a spring, and 3-3 parts of a second arc groove, 3-4-1 parts of a second spring chassis, 3-4-2 parts of a first roller positioning sheet, 3-5 parts of a second roller positioning sheet, 3-6 parts of a cross rod, 3-7 parts of a roller, 4-1 parts of a threaded rod, 4-2 parts of a positioning connecting block, 5-1 parts of a positioning connecting block interface, 5-2 parts of a connecting rod and 5-2 parts of a threaded sleeve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
A three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for deep broken rock mass comprises an optical fiber sensing unit, wherein the optical fiber sensing unit comprises an optical fiber cylinder 1-1, one end face of the optical fiber cylinder 1-1 is provided with a cylindrical sensor placing hole 1-1-4, the other end of the optical fiber cylinder 1-1 is provided with a connecting thread, the sensor placing hole 1-1-4 is sequentially provided with a first fixed block 1-3-3 and a second fixed block 1-3-4 from outside to inside, the opposite side faces of the first fixed block 1-3-3 and the second fixed block 1-3-4 are respectively provided with a first arc groove 1-3-1 and a second arc groove 1-3-2, an annular optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 is arranged between the first arc groove 1-3-1 and the second arc groove 1-3-2, two opposite sides of the optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 are respectively connected with optical fibers 1-6, and the pressure head 1-2 extends into the sensor placing hole 1-1-4 to abut against the first fixing block 1-3-3.
The pressure head 1-2 comprises a force transmission column 1-2-1 and an external contact column 1-2-2, one end of the force transmission column 1-2-1 is connected with the external contact column 1-2-2, and the other end of the force transmission column 1-2-1 extends into the sensor placing hole 1-1-4 to be abutted against the first fixing block 1-3-3.
The periphery of one end of the force transmission column 1-2-1, which is abutted against the first fixed block 1-3-3, is provided with a pressure head clamping ring 1-2-3, the inner wall of the sensor placing hole 1-1-4 is provided with a sealing ring groove 1-1-5, a first ring groove 1-1-6 and a second ring groove 1-1-7, the periphery of the first fixed block 1-3-3 is provided with a first clamping ring 1-3-5, the outer ring surface of the pressure head clamping ring 1-2-3 is provided with a sealing ring 1-8, the pressure head clamping ring 1-2-3 and the first clamping ring 1-3-5 are clamped in the first ring groove 1-1-6, the periphery of the second fixed block 1-3-4 is provided with a second clamping ring 1-3-6, the second snap ring 1-3-6 is arranged in the second annular groove 1-1-7, the inner ring of the sealing lantern ring 1-9 is sleeved on the force transfer column 1-2-1, the outer ring of the sealing lantern ring 1-9 is clamped in the sealing annular groove 1-1-5, and the inner ring of the sealing lantern ring 1-9 is coated with butter for sealing and filling.
A first arc gasket 1-4-1 is arranged between the first arc groove 1-3-1 and the annular optical fiber strain gauge 1-5, a second arc gasket 1-4-2 is arranged between the second arc groove 1-3-2 and the annular optical fiber strain gauge 1-5, and a temperature sensor 1-7 is arranged in the second arc groove 1-3-2.
A groove reserved cavity (a sensor placing hole 1-1-4) is formed in the center of the upper portion of an optical fiber cylinder 1-1 and used for fixing an optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 and a pressure head, a lead channel is reserved in the optical fiber cylinder 1-1 in a groove mode and used for embedding a lead of the optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 and a lead of a temperature sensor 1-7, a sealing ring groove 1-1-5 with a trapezoidal section is formed in the inner wall of the edge of the top of the optical fiber cylinder 1-1, the shape of a sealing ring 1-9 is matched with the shape of the sealing ring groove 1-1-5, and the sealing ring 1-9 is buckled on the sealing ring groove 1-1-5 and used for sealing the optical fiber cylinder 1-1.
The first fixing block 1-3-3 and the second fixing block 1-3-4 are both arch bridge shaped, the sealing ring 1-8, the pressure head snap ring 1-2-3 and the first snap ring 1-3-5 are all clamped in the first ring groove 1-1-6, the second snap ring 1-3-6 is arranged on the periphery of the second fixing block 1-3-4, the second snap ring 1-3-6 is arranged in the second ring groove 1-1-7, so that the first fixing block 1-3-3 and the second fixing block 1-3-4 are fixed in the sensor placing hole 1-1-4, the sum of the thicknesses of the sealing ring 1-8, the pressure head snap ring 1-2-3 and the first snap ring 1-3-5 is slightly smaller than the height of the first ring groove 1-1-6, to ensure that enough space is reserved for the stress transmission of the upper part.
The optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 comprises a middle ring, a first cylindrical fixed end and a second cylindrical fixed end, wherein the axes of the first cylindrical fixed end and the second cylindrical fixed end are collinear and pass through the diameter of the middle ring (as shown in figure 2, the first cylindrical fixed end and the second cylindrical fixed end are arranged at the two horizontal sides of the vertically placed middle ring), the measuring part of the optical fiber passes through the middle ring along the diameter of the middle ring, and are respectively fixed by a first cylindrical fixed end and a second cylindrical fixed end, a first arc gasket 1-4-1 and a second arc gasket 1-4-2 are respectively abutted against the top arc and the bottom arc of the middle ring, and a first arc groove 1-3-1 and a second arc groove 1-3-2 are symmetrically distributed at the top and the bottom of the middle ring (as shown in fig. 2). The leading wire of the optical fiber is led out through the leading wire channel. The contact surfaces of the middle circular ring and the arc gaskets (1-4-1, 1-4-2) are in a central symmetry structure.
The sealing lantern ring 1-9, the sealing ring 1-8, the first arc gasket 1-4-1 and the second arc gasket 1-4-2 are all made of flexible materials, and rubber can be selected.
The length of the temperature sensor 1-7 is smaller than the radius of the middle circular ring, the temperature sensor is not contacted with the middle circular ring, and the temperature sensor lead is led out through the reserved lead channels on the two sides of the optical fiber cylinder 1-1 like the optical fiber lead.
The center lines of the pressure head 1-2, the first arc groove 1-3-1, the second arc groove 1-3-2, the optical fiber strain gauge 1-5, the first arc gasket 1-4-1, the second arc gasket 1-4-2, the sealing lantern ring 1-9 and the sealing ring 1-8 are all coincided with the center line of the optical fiber cylinder 1-1.
The three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for the deep fractured rock body further comprises a cylindrical optical fiber connecting piece 2-1, three optical fiber sensing units are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1, and the axis of each optical fiber sensing unit and the axis of the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1 form a set angle. In this embodiment, the axis of each optical fiber sensing unit and the axis of the optical fiber connector 2-1 form an angle of 60 degrees, and are in a shape of four-sided space.
Both ends of the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1 are connected with a positioner through a connecting rod 5-1, and the positioner comprises a positioning connecting block 4-1 and elastic roller parts uniformly arranged on the periphery of the positioning connecting block 4-1.
The elastic roller part comprises a threaded rod 3-7, a first spring chassis 3-1, a spring 3-2, a second spring chassis 3-3, a first roller positioning sheet 3-4-1, a second roller positioning sheet 3-4-2, a cross rod 3-5 and a roller 3-6,
one end of a threaded rod 3-7 is connected with a threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block 4-1, the other end of the threaded rod is connected with one side of a first spring chassis 3-1, two ends of a spring 3-2 are respectively connected with the other side of the first spring chassis 3-1 and one side of a second spring chassis 3-3, a first roller positioning sheet 3-4-1 and a second roller positioning sheet 3-4-2 are respectively arranged on the other side of the second spring chassis 3-3, two ends of a cross rod 3-5 are respectively connected with the first roller positioning sheet 3-4-1 and the second roller positioning sheet 3-4-2, and a roller 3-6 is sleeved on the cross rod 3-5.
The connecting rods 5-1 are multiple, threads are arranged at two ends of each connecting rod 5-1, adjacent connecting rods 5-1 are connected through threaded sleeves 5-2, and the connecting rods 5-1 are connected with positioning connecting block connectors 4-2 arranged on the positioning connecting blocks 4-1.
In this embodiment, the three elastic roller portions are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the positioning connection block 4-1 and are in the same plane, and the included angle between the elastic roller portions is 120 degrees.
The optical fiber connector comprises a plurality of connecting rods 5-1, threads are arranged at two ends of each connecting rod 5-1, adjacent connecting rods 5-1 are connected through threaded sleeves 5-2, the number of the connecting rods 5-1 can be increased or decreased as required, the length of each connecting rod 5-1 can be increased or decreased, and the central line axes of the optical fiber connector 2-1, the positioning connecting block 4-1 and the connecting rods 5-1 are overlapped.
As shown in FIG. 3, the optical fiber cylinder 1-1 comprises an optical fiber cylinder left part 1-1-1 and an optical fiber cylinder right part 1-1-2, the optical fiber cylinder left part 1-1-1 and the optical fiber cylinder right part 1-1-2 are connected through an optical fiber cylinder trapezoid sealing port 1-1-3, and the optical fiber cylinder trapezoid sealing port 1-1-3 comprises a trapezoid sealing groove and a trapezoid sealing groove member. The trapezoidal sealing port 1-1-3 of the optical fiber cylinder is sealed and fixed by sealant.
A three-dimensional strain measurement method suitable for a deep fractured rock body utilizes the three-dimensional strain measurement device suitable for the deep fractured rock body, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling an optical fiber sensing unit: firstly, fixing a first arc gasket 1-4-1 and a second arc gasket 1-4-2 in a first arc groove 1-3-1 and a second arc groove 1-3-2 by glue, and then arranging a second fixed block 1-3-4 in the second fixed block 1-3-4; then, placing the optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 on the second arc groove 1-3-2, placing the first fixed block 1-3-3 on which the first arc gasket 1-4-1 is fixed on the upper part of the optical fiber strain gauge 1-5, fixing the temperature sensor 1-7 on the surface of the second arc groove 1-3-2, enabling the force transmission column 1-2-1 to abut against the first fixed block 1-3-3, and clamping the sealing ring 1-8, the pressure head clamping ring 1-2-3 and the first clamping ring 1-3-5 in the first annular groove 1-1-6; then fixing the sealing ring 1-8 on the upper surface of the pressure head snap ring 1-2-3, sleeving the inner ring of the sealing sleeve ring 1-9 on the force transmission column 1-2-1, clamping the outer ring of the sealing sleeve ring 1-9 in the sealing ring groove 1-1-5, smearing grease on the inner ring of the sealing sleeve ring 1-9 for sealing and filling, and leading out the lead wires of the optical fiber strain gauge 1-5 and the temperature sensor 1-7 through a lead wire channel reserved on the optical fiber cylinder; finally, the left part 1-1-1-1 of the optical fiber cylinder and the right part 1-1-2 of the optical fiber cylinder are fixed together through the trapezoidal sealing opening 1-1-3 of the optical fiber cylinder in a sealing and fixing way by a sealant;
step 2, installing the optical fiber sensing unit and the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1: respectively installing three optical fiber sensing units according to the method in the step 1, wherein the three optical fiber sensing units are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1, and finally leading out lead wires of the three optical fiber sensing units into the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1 and leading out the lead wires through a threading hole 2-3 on the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1 to complete the installation of the optical fiber sensing units;
step 3, assembling the elastic roller part: one end of a threaded rod 3-7 is connected with a threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block 4-1, the other end of the threaded rod is connected with one side of a first spring chassis 3-1, two ends of a spring 3-2 are respectively connected with the other side of the first spring chassis 3-1 and one side of a second spring chassis 3-3, and a cross rod 3-5 and a roller 3-6 are installed;
step 4, mounting the elastic roller part and the positioning connecting block 4-1: adjusting the depth of the threaded rod 3-7 screwed into the threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block 4-1, and roughly adjusting the length of the elastic roller part as required;
and step 5, assembling the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1, the positioning connecting block 4-1 and the connecting rod 5-1.
Step 6, field measurement: firstly, adjusting the depth of screwing the threaded rod 3-7 into the threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block 4-1 according to the diameter of a field drilled hole, so that the center line of the positioning connecting block 4-1 is consistent with the center line of the drilled hole; then, guiding and positioning in the drill hole through a roller, determining the actual embedding depth, fixing the optical fiber lead, then recharging and plugging the drill hole with cement paste, and finally measuring and recording the data of the optical fiber strain gauge;
step 7, measuring three-dimensional strain data according to actual needs, and calculating and analyzing the measured data;
step 8, calculating original measurement data:
because the axis of each optical fiber sensing unit and the axis of the optical fiber connecting piece 2-1 form 60 degrees and are not parallel to a Cartesian coordinate system, firstly, the original strain data in three directions need to be subjected to Cartesian coordinate transformation; and then obtaining three-dimensional strain data under Cartesian coordinates according to the coordinate transformation matrix H, and finally calculating the main strain and the main stress of the measuring point according to the research requirement.
And (3) coordinate transformation:
establishing a local coordinate system by taking the central axes of the three optical fiber sensing units as coordinate axes, wherein the strain components in three directions under the local coordinate system are respectively (X1, X2 and X3); the central axis of any one of the optical fiber sensing units is in the x1 direction because the axis of each optical fiber sensing unit is 60 degrees with the axis of the optical fiber connector 2-1; the central axis direction of the optical fiber connector 2-1 is the direction x2, the perpendicular direction of the plane where the x1-x2 is located is the direction x3, a Cartesian coordinate system x1-x2-x3 is established, and the strain component in the three directions under the Cartesian coordinate system (x1-x2-x3) is epsilon (epsilon)1,ε2,ε3) Then, the transformation formula is ═ X · H, where H is a coordinate transformation matrix, and the expression is as follows:
the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for deep broken rock mass comprises an optical fiber sensing unit and is characterized in that the optical fiber sensing unit comprises an optical fiber cylinder (1-1), a cylindrical sensor placing hole (1-1-4) is formed in one end face of the optical fiber cylinder (1-1), connecting threads are arranged at the other end of the optical fiber cylinder (1-1), a first fixing block (1-3-3) and a second fixing block (1-3-4) are sequentially arranged in the sensor placing hole (1-1-4) from outside to inside, a first arc groove (1-3-1) and a second arc groove (1-3-2) are respectively arranged on opposite side faces of the first fixing block (1-3-3) and the second fixing block (1-3-4), an annular optical fiber strain gauge (1-5) is arranged between the first arc groove (1-3-1) and the second arc groove (1-3-2), two opposite sides of the optical fiber strain gauge (1-5) are respectively connected with the optical fiber (1-6), the pressure head (1-2) extends into the sensor placing hole (1-1-4) and is abutted against the first fixing block (1-3-3),
the pressure head (1-2) comprises a force transmission column (1-2-1) and an external contact column (1-2-2), one end of the force transmission column (1-2-1) is connected with the external contact column (1-2-2), the other end of the force transmission column (1-2-1) extends into the sensor placing hole (1-1-4) and is abutted against the first fixing block (1-3-3),
the periphery of one end of the force transmission column (1-2-1) which is abutted against the first fixing block (1-3-3) is provided with a pressure head clamping ring (1-2-3), the inner wall of the sensor placing hole (1-1-4) is provided with a sealing ring groove (1-1-5), a first ring groove (1-1-6) and a second ring groove (1-1-7), the periphery of the first fixing block (1-3-3) is provided with a first clamping ring (1-3-5), the outer side ring surface of the pressure head clamping ring (1-2-3) is provided with a sealing ring (1-8), the pressure head clamping ring (1-2-3) and the first clamping ring (1-3-5) are clamped in the first ring groove (1-1-6), a second snap ring (1-3-6) is arranged on the periphery of the second fixed block (1-3-4), the second snap ring (1-3-6) is arranged in a second ring groove (1-1-7), the inner ring of the sealing lantern ring (1-9) is sleeved on the force transmission column (1-2-1), the outer ring of the sealing lantern ring (1-9) is clamped in the sealing ring groove (1-1-5),
a first arc gasket (1-4-1) is arranged between the first arc groove (1-3-1) and the annular optical fiber strain gauge (1-5), a second arc gasket (1-4-2) is arranged between the second arc groove (1-3-2) and the annular optical fiber strain gauge (1-5), the second arc groove (1-3-2) is provided with a temperature sensor (1-7),
the optical fiber sensor also comprises a cylindrical optical fiber connecting piece (2-1), three optical fiber sensing units are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the optical fiber connecting piece (2-1), the axis of each optical fiber sensing unit and the axis of the optical fiber connecting piece (2-1) form a set angle,
both ends of the optical fiber connecting piece (2-1) are connected with a positioner through a connecting rod (5-1), the positioner comprises a positioning connecting block (4-1) and elastic roller parts which are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the positioning connecting block (4-1),
the elastic roller part comprises a threaded rod (3-7), a first spring chassis (3-1), a spring (3-2), a second spring chassis (3-3), a first roller positioning sheet (3-4-1), a second roller positioning sheet (3-4-2), a cross rod (3-5) and rollers (3-6),
one end of a threaded rod (3-7) is connected with a threaded hole in the periphery of the positioning connecting block (4-1), the other end of the threaded rod is connected with one side of a first spring chassis (3-1), two ends of a spring (3-2) are respectively connected with the other side of the first spring chassis (3-1) and one side of a second spring chassis (3-3), a first roller positioning sheet (3-4-1) and a second roller positioning sheet (3-4-2) are respectively arranged on the other side of the second spring chassis (3-3), two ends of a cross rod (3-5) are respectively connected with the first roller positioning sheet (3-4-1) and the second roller positioning sheet (3-4-2), and a roller (3-6) is sleeved on the cross rod (3-5).
2. The three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for the deep fractured rock mass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the connecting rods (5-1) is multiple, threads are arranged at two ends of each connecting rod (5-1), adjacent connecting rods (5-1) are connected through threaded sleeves (5-2), and the connecting rods (5-1) are connected with positioning connecting block interfaces (4-2) arranged on the positioning connecting blocks (4-1).
3. The three-dimensional strain measuring method suitable for the deep fractured rock body is utilized by the three-dimensional strain measuring device suitable for the deep fractured rock body in claim 2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, assembling an optical fiber sensing unit;
step 2, mounting the optical fiber sensing unit and the optical fiber connecting piece (2-1);
step 3, assembling the elastic roller part;
step 4, mounting the elastic roller part and a positioning connecting block (4-1);
step 5, assembling the optical fiber connecting piece (2-1), the positioning connecting block (4-1) and the connecting rod (5-1);
step 6, adjusting the depth of screwing the threaded rod (3-7) into the threaded hole on the periphery of the positioning connecting block (4-1) according to the diameter of the on-site drilling hole, so that the center line of the positioning connecting block (4-1) is consistent with the center line of the drilling hole; then, guiding and positioning in the drill hole through rollers (3-6), determining the actual embedding depth, fixing a lead of the optical fiber strain gauge (1-5), then grouting and plugging the drill hole with cement paste, and finally measuring and recording strain original data of the optical fiber strain gauge (1-5);
step 7, taking the central axis of any one of the optical fiber sensing units as the direction x 1; the central axis direction of the optical fiber connector 2-1 is the direction x2, the perpendicular direction of the plane where the x1-x2 is located is the direction x3, a Cartesian coordinate system x1-x2-x3 is established, coordinate transformation is conducted on the original strain data to obtain three-dimensional strain data under Cartesian coordinates, and the main strain and the size and direction of the main strain are calculated.
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