CN113483339A - Continuous electric heating furnace and method for resourcefully treating aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste - Google Patents
Continuous electric heating furnace and method for resourcefully treating aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113483339A CN113483339A CN202110668135.5A CN202110668135A CN113483339A CN 113483339 A CN113483339 A CN 113483339A CN 202110668135 A CN202110668135 A CN 202110668135A CN 113483339 A CN113483339 A CN 113483339A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/60—Separating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a continuous electric heating furnace and a method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, wherein the electric heating furnace for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste comprises a preheating separation channel and an electric heating furnace body; the preheating separation channel comprises a waste heat preheating section and a melting separation section; the waste heat preheating section preheats the carbon electrode waste materials by using the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body and the melting separation section; the melting separation section is used for heating, melting and separating the carbon electrode waste material subjected to preheating treatment to respectively obtain an electrolyte, a silicon-aluminum mixture and a graphitized recarburizing agent product, and the graphitized recarburizing agent product is input into the electric heating furnace body; and (4) the graphitized recarburizer product is purified at high temperature by the electric heating furnace body to obtain a graphite crushed product. The invention realizes the resource treatment of the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, can effectively avoid the hidden troubles of coking and hardening, channel blockage, deflagration and ash spraying and the like in the treatment, has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, continuity, high efficiency, safety and reliability, and can realize the high-value utilization of the carbon electrode waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycling of aluminum electrolysis wastes, in particular to a continuous electric heating furnace and a method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode wastes.
Background
The aluminum industry is the basic industry of national economy, is also the high energy consumption and high pollution industry, and the sustainable development of the aluminum industry is more and more concerned. During the aluminum electrolysis process, a large amount of carbon electrode waste is generated, and the carbon electrode waste comprises waste cathode carbon blocks and anode carbon slag. Because the waste cathode carbon blocks and the anode carbon slag contain soluble toxic substances, such as: cyanide and fluoride, if not properly handled, are highly susceptible to contamination of surrounding soil, atmosphere and water.
In the related art, the recycling treatment of the waste cathode carbon blocks by adopting a high-temperature furnace is mainly attempted, and the gas-solid separation of the waste cathode raw materials is realized in the high-temperature furnace. Under the high-temperature action of the high-temperature furnace, most of electrolytes and impurities in the waste cathode are gasified and overflowed to separate and obtain solid carbon with higher content, but the high-temperature gas-solid separation mode has high energy consumption and low efficiency, and is difficult to effectively solve the problems of high corrosivity, coking property, easy detonation hidden danger and the like of a gasification product in the treatment process. In the gas-solid separation process, part of high-temperature flue gas rises to the top of the furnace, is converted into liquid drops due to temperature reduction and is retained in the high-temperature furnace, and can be gasified and overflowed only by electric calcination again, so that extra energy consumption is generated, and the production efficiency is reduced. Meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas is contacted with the cold raw materials and the wall of the feeding pipe, so that the feeding materials are easy to coke and harden, the feeding channel is stuck on the wall and blocked, and the dredging is extremely difficult. In addition, because the waste cathode raw material carries a certain amount of air and adsorption water, the water in the air and the adsorption water in the raw material can react with the carbon of the red-hot waste cathode to generate water gas, the water gas can detonate when meeting the air, and because a small amount of metallic sodium still exists in the waste cathode raw material, the metallic sodium gas enrichment in the high-temperature treatment process can detonate when meeting the air, so that great potential safety hazard exists.
For anode carbon slag produced by aluminum electrolysis, a carbon slag flotation method is mainly adopted for treatment. The fluoride content of the carbon powder obtained by the carbon residue flotation method is far more than 3%, the concentration of toxic leached fluorine ions is more than 100ppm, and the carbon powder for anode carbon residue flotation is judged to belong to secondary hazardous waste according to the identification standard of solid hazardous waste. In contrast, one treatment method is to directly or indirectly use the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder for blended combustion in a thermal power plant or brick firing in a brickyard, and the other treatment method is to use a combustion method to burn off carbon in the anode carbon residue to obtain a mixed electrolyte with poor quality, and the treatment methods have great pollution and do not realize effective utilization of carbon resources.
From the above, it is difficult to safely and efficiently recycle the waste cathode carbon blocks and anode carbon residues produced by electrolytic aluminum.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a continuous electric heating furnace and a method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, which are used for solving the problem that the waste cathode carbon blocks and anode carbon slag produced by electrolytic aluminum are difficult to be safely and efficiently recycled at present.
The invention provides a continuous electric heating furnace for resourcefully treating aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, which comprises: preheating the separation channel and the electric heating furnace body; the preheating separation channel comprises a waste heat preheating section and a melting separation section; one end of the waste heat preheating section is used for inputting carbon electrode waste materials, and the other end of the waste heat preheating section is communicated with one end of the melting separation section; the other end of the melting separation section is communicated with a feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body; the waste heat preheating section is used for preheating the carbon electrode waste by using the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body and the melting separation section so as to remove water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste and discharge low-temperature flue gas; the melting and separating section is used for heating, melting and separating the carbon electrode waste after preheating treatment to respectively obtain an electrolyte, a silicon-aluminum mixture and a graphitized recarburizer product, and the graphitized recarburizer product is input into the electric heating furnace body; the electric heating furnace body is used for carrying out high-temperature purification on the graphitized recarburizer product to obtain a graphite crushed product.
According to the invention, the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste comprises a melting separation section and a melting separation section, wherein the melting separation section comprises: a first separation section and a second separation section; one end of the first separation section is communicated with the other end of the waste heat preheating section, and the other end of the first separation section is communicated with one end of the second separation section; the other end of the second separation section is communicated with a feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body; the melting temperature of the first separation section is 900-1600 ℃, and the melting temperature of the second separation section is 1600-2100 ℃; the heating temperature in the electric heating furnace body is 2100-3000 ℃.
According to the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the first separation section and the second separation section have the same structure and respectively comprise a penetration type graphite heating pipe, a flow guide cavity, a melt flow guide pipe, a heat preservation and insulation layer, a magnetic field generating device and a sealing steel shell sleeve which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the permeable graphite heating pipe is used for heating, melting and separating carbon electrode waste in the pipe body, and enabling molten liquid generated during heating and melting to permeate into the flow guide cavity; the first separation section and the second separation section are both obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane, and the lower end of the first separation section and the lower end of the second separation section are both provided with a melt collecting port correspondingly communicated with the diversion cavity.
According to the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the first separation section forms a first inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane, the second separation section forms a second inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane, the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are acute angles, and the first inclination angle is smaller than the second inclination angle; one end of the first separation section is also provided with a rotary supporting structure; the rotary supporting structure is coaxially connected with the permeable graphite heating pipe; the rotary supporting structure is also used for being connected with a rotary driving mechanism; and/or a plurality of second separation sections are arranged, and the top of the electric heating furnace body is provided with a plurality of feed inlets; one end of the second separation sections is communicated with the other end of the first separation section; and the other ends of the second separation sections are communicated with the feed inlets in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
According to the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the electric heating furnace body comprises a hearth and an electric heating device; the hearth comprises a gasification separation zone, a heat preservation zone and a multi-stage cooling zone which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the graphitized recarburizer product obtained by the melting separation section is used for being input into the gasification separation section, and the electric heating device is used for heating the graphitized recarburizer product in the gasification separation section; the electric heating furnace body is a vertical continuous resistance heating furnace.
According to the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the electric heating furnace body further comprises a discharging device; the discharging device comprises a discharging bin and a discharging bin; the feeding end of the discharging bin is communicated with the discharging opening of the electric heating furnace body, and the discharging end of the discharging bin is communicated with the feeding end of the discharging bin; wherein, the discharge outlet is provided with a discharge valve; a rotary scraping mechanism and a cooling tray are arranged in the discharging bin, the cooling tray is used for receiving the discharged materials output by the discharging opening, and the rotary scraping mechanism is used for scraping the discharged materials on the cooling tray into the discharging bin; and the feeding end and the discharging end of the discharging bin are both provided with air-closing valves.
According to the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the electric heating device comprises a graphite anode and a graphite cathode; the graphite anode is arranged at the furnace top of the electric heating furnace body, one end of the graphite anode extends into the furnace chamber, and the other end of the graphite anode is electrically connected with the anode of the power supply; one end of the graphite negative electrode is arranged between the gasification separation area and the heat preservation area, and the other end of the graphite negative electrode extends out of the electric heating furnace body and is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.
According to the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the graphite cathode comprises a first cathode unit and a second cathode unit; the number of the first negative electrode units is two, and the first negative electrode units are symmetrically arranged; the first negative electrode unit comprises an arc-shaped section and a leading-out section, one end of the leading-out section is connected with one end of the arc-shaped section, and the other end of the leading-out section extends out of the furnace wall of the electric heating furnace body; the arc sections of the two first negative electrode units are spliced to form a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is arranged between the gasification separation area and the heat preservation area; the part of the leading-out section extending out of the furnace wall is sequentially provided with a water vapor evaporation section, a water insulation section, a water spraying cooling section and a switching section along the extension direction of the leading-out section, and the switching section is used for being connected with the conductive copper bar; the second negative electrode unit comprises at least one layer of graphite ring, and the graphite ring is coaxially connected with the circular ring structure; the graphite ring is of an integrated structure or a split type splicing structure.
According to the invention, the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste further comprises: the device comprises a crushing mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a smoke dust processing system; the crushing mechanism is used for crushing the carbon electrode waste and carrying out aluminum sorting and iron removing treatment on the crushed carbon electrode waste; the crushing mechanism is used for conveying the crushed carbon electrode waste to the feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism is used for conveying the crushed carbon electrode waste to one end of the waste heat preheating section; the smoke dust treatment system is provided with a first dust collecting port and a second dust collecting port; the first dust collecting port is used for collecting graphite dust generated by the crushing mechanism during crushing operation; the second dust collecting port is used for collecting flue gas discharged from one end of the waste heat preheating section; and the smoke dust obtained by the dust collecting of the smoke dust processing system is conveyed to the feeding mechanism.
The invention also provides a method for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste by adopting the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, which comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding the carbon electrode waste with the preset granularity to a waste heat preheating section, preheating the carbon electrode waste at the temperature of room temperature to 450 ℃, removing water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste, and then continuously utilizing the waste heat of the waste heat preheating section to preheat the carbon electrode waste to 900 ℃;
s2, sequentially feeding the carbon electrode waste material processed by the waste heat preheating section into a first separation section and a second separation section of a melting separation section, controlling the melting temperature of the first separation section to be 900-;
s3, controlling a gasification separation zone of the electric heating furnace body to purify the graphitized carburant product at the temperature of 2100-3000 ℃, and outputting a graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of more than 99% after the electric heating furnace body carries out multi-stage cooling treatment on the purified graphitized carburant product;
and S4, sequentially crushing, grinding, demagnetizing, shaping, purifying, coating and carbonizing the graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of more than 99% to obtain the graphite cathode product.
The invention provides a continuous electric heating furnace and a method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, wherein a preheating separation channel is arranged to communicate the preheating separation channel with a feed inlet of an electric heating furnace body, when the carbon electrode waste is recycled, firstly, in a waste heat preheating section of the preheating separation channel, waste heat of flue gas in the electric heating furnace body and a melting separation section can be utilized to carry out preheating dehydration, cyanide breaking and oxygen removal treatment on the carbon electrode waste, so that cyanide pollution is avoided, generation and enrichment of easy-deflagration gas are avoided, and the safety of treatment procedures is ensured; then, after the carbon electrode waste material treated by the waste heat preheating section enters a melting separation section of the preheating separation channel, the electrolyte and the silicon-aluminum mixture product in the carbon electrode waste material can be heated, melted, separated and effectively recovered in the melting separation section, and the graphitized carburant product is obtained through separation; and then, the graphitized carburant product can be purified at high temperature through the high-temperature gas-solid separation effect of the electric heating furnace body again to obtain a high-purity graphite fragment product, so that the graphite fragment product can be processed again conveniently to prepare the artificial graphite cathode product. In the whole treatment process, hot gas ascends, and heat energy is recycled to be used for melting separation of the melting separation section and preheating of the waste heat preheating section again.
From the above, based on the sequential treatment of the waste heat preheating section, the melting separation section and the electric heating furnace body on the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the invention not only realizes the gradual purification of carbon and the recovery of separation products, but also realizes the pollution-free treatment and ensures the safety of the whole treatment process.
Meanwhile, before the carbon electrode waste material is fed into a furnace for gas-solid separation, the electrolyte and the silicon-aluminum mixture in the carbon electrode waste material are melted and separated, and compared with a direct high-temperature gasification separation method, the method has the advantages of low energy consumption and high efficiency.
In addition, because the melting liquefaction and separation of the electrolyte and the high-melting-point substances in the carbon electrode waste are carried out simultaneously in the melting separation section, the electrolyte which is not completely separated in the electric heating furnace body is gasified under the action of high temperature and is separated and recovered again along with the flue gas returning to the melting separation section, so that the separation effect of the electrolyte is ensured, and the hidden trouble that the electric heating furnace is coked and hardened or a channel is blocked is also avoided. The heat energy of the flue gas also acts on the waste heat preheating section and is used for heating the initial material while the melting separation section carries out auxiliary melting on the carbon electrode waste, so that the invention realizes effective utilization of the waste heat based on the optimized design of the preheating separation channel and achieves better energy-saving effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous electric heating furnace for resource treatment of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preheat separation channel provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the graphite cathode in the electric heating furnace body;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the flow structure of the method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic flow chart of the method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: preheating the separation channel; 2: an electric heating furnace body; 3: a discharge device;
101: a waste heat preheating section; 102: a first separation section; 103: a second separation section;
11: a permeable graphite heating tube; 12: a flow guide cavity; 13: a melt flow guide tube;
14: a heat insulation layer; 15: a magnetic field generating device; 16: sealing the steel shell sleeve;
17: a rotation support structure; 18: a melt collection port; 21: a hearth;
22: an electric heating device; 23: a discharge device; 211: a gasification separation zone;
212: a heat preservation area; 213: a multi-stage cooling zone; 221: a graphite positive electrode;
222: a graphite negative electrode; 2221: an arc-shaped section; 2222: a lead-out section;
201: a water vapor evaporation section; 202: a water-insulating section; 203: a water spraying cooling section;
204: a switching section; 231: a material discharging bin; 232: a discharging bin;
233: a rotary scraping mechanism; 234: cooling the tray; 235: closing the air valve;
24: a furnace roof; 25: a furnace wall; 26: a discharge valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The continuous electric heating furnace and the method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste materials are described below with reference to fig. 1 to 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a continuous electric heating furnace for resource treatment of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, comprising: preheating a separation channel 1 and an electric heating furnace body 2; the preheating separation channel 1 comprises a waste heat preheating section 101 and a melting separation section; one end of the waste heat preheating section 101 is used for inputting carbon electrode waste, and the other end of the waste heat preheating section is communicated with one end of the melting separation section; the other end of the melting separation section is communicated with a feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body 2; the waste heat preheating section 101 is used for preheating the carbon electrode waste by using the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body 2 and the melting separation section so as to remove water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste and discharge low-temperature flue gas; the melting separation section is used for heating, melting and separating electrolyte and silicon-aluminum mixture in the carbon electrode waste material after preheating treatment to obtain a graphitized recarburizer product, and inputting the graphitized recarburizer product into the electric heating furnace body 2; the electric heating furnace body 2 is used for purifying the graphitized recarburizer product at high temperature to obtain a graphite crushed product.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the preheating separation channel 1 is arranged, the preheating separation channel 1 is communicated with the feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body 2, and when the resource treatment of the carbon electrode waste is performed, firstly, in the waste heat preheating section 101 of the preheating separation channel 1, the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body 2 can be utilized to perform preheating dehydration, cyanide breaking and oxygen discharging treatment on the carbon electrode waste, so that the cyanide pollution is avoided, the generation and enrichment of the gas easy to deflagrate are also avoided, and the safety of the treatment process is ensured; then, after the carbon electrode waste material treated by the waste heat preheating section 101 enters the melting separation section of the preheating separation channel 1, the electrolyte and the silicon-aluminum mixture product in the carbon electrode waste material can be subjected to melting separation and effective recovery in the melting separation section, so that a graphitized carburant product is obtained; and then, the graphitized carburant product can be purified at high temperature through the high-temperature gas-solid separation action of the electric heating furnace body 2 again to obtain a high-purity graphite fragment product, so that the graphite fragment product can be processed again conveniently to prepare the artificial graphite cathode product.
From the above, based on the sequential treatment of the waste heat preheating section 101, the melting separation section and the electric heating furnace body 2 on the aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, the invention not only realizes the gradual purification of carbon and the recovery of separation products, but also realizes the pollution-free treatment and ensures the safety of the whole treatment process.
Meanwhile, before the carbon electrode waste is fed into the furnace, the electrolyte and the silicon-aluminum mixture in the carbon electrode waste are melted and separated, and compared with a direct high-temperature gasification separation method, the method has the advantages of low energy consumption and high efficiency. The silicon-aluminum mixture shown in this embodiment is specifically a mixture of at least two of aluminosilicate, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, and the aluminosilicate may be calcium aluminosilicate or sodium aluminosilicate known in the art.
In addition, because the melting liquefaction and separation of the electrolyte and the high-melting-point substances in the carbon electrode waste are carried out simultaneously in the melting separation section, the electrolyte which is not completely separated in the electric heating furnace body 2 is gasified under the action of high temperature and is separated and recovered again along with the flue gas returning to the melting separation section, so that the separation effect of the electrolyte is ensured, and the hidden trouble that the electric heating furnace is coked and hardened or a channel is blocked is also avoided. The heat energy of the flue gas also acts on the waste heat preheating section 101 and is used for heating the initial material while the melting separation section performs auxiliary melting on the carbon electrode waste, so that the invention realizes effective utilization of the waste heat based on the optimized design of the preheating separation channel 1, and achieves better energy-saving effect.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure the effect of recycling the carbon electrode scrap, the carbon electrode scrap input to one end of the waste heat preheating section 101 in the embodiment is pretreated. The carbon electrode waste comprises waste cathode carbon blocks, anode carbon residue or anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder which are well known in the art. In this embodiment, the waste cathode carbon blocks or anode carbon residues can be crushed into carbon blocks with a particle size of 0-150mm, and after the aluminum sheets are sorted out and the waste iron is removed, the carbon blocks or anode carbon residues are conveyed to the waste heat preheating section 101 through the raw material bin. When the anode carbon residue is subjected to carbon residue flotation to obtain anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder, the embodiment can also directly convey the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder as a raw material to the raw material bin, and feed the raw material bin to the waste heat preheating section 101.
Meanwhile, when the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body 2 is used for heating the carbon electrode waste, the waste heat can be heated at the temperature of room temperature to 450 ℃ to remove water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste, and then the waste heat can be continuously heated to 900 ℃, and the whole process can refer to the following chemical equation:
4NaCN+5O2＝2Na2O+4CO2+2N2；
C+H2O＝CO+H2；
AlN+H2O＝Al2O3+NH3；
2C+O2＝2CO；
2CO+O2＝2CO2；
2H2+O2＝2H2O；
4NH3+7O2＝4NO2+6H2O；
N2+O2＝NxOy+NO；
wherein x is 1 or 2, and y is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
Therefore, the effective utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body 2 is realized, the flue gas and the carbon electrode waste can be ensured to be fully subjected to heat exchange due to the fact that the emission direction of the flue gas is opposite to the conveying direction of the carbon electrode waste, and the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is convenient to convey to the flue gasThe dust treatment system carries out dust collection treatment. Meanwhile, the method can eliminate the harm of generating nitrogen oxide when the carbon electrode waste is treated by a direct high-temperature method, and avoids CO and H2、NH3And the generation and enrichment of explosive gas bodies eliminate the potential safety hazards of deflagration and ash spraying.
Further, since the melting points of the electrolyte and the silicon-aluminum mixture doped in the carbon electrode waste are different, in order to separate and recover these substances, the melting separation section shown in this embodiment includes: a first separation section 102 and a second separation section 103; one end of the first separation section 102 is communicated with the other end of the waste heat preheating section 101, and the other end of the first separation section 102 is communicated with one end of the second separation section 103; the other end of the second separation section 103 is communicated with a feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body 2; the melting temperature of the first separation section 102 is 900-1600 ℃, and the melting temperature of the second separation section 103 is 1600-2100 ℃; the heating temperature in the electric heating furnace body 2 is 2100-3000 ℃.
Here, since the carbon electrode waste is mainly doped with fluoride salt and sodium-based electrolyte, these electrolytes are in a molten state at 900-.
Correspondingly, the melting temperature of the second separation section 103 is set to 1600-.
Because the graphitized recarburizer with relatively high fixed carbon content can be obtained after the liquefaction separation treatment of the second separation section 103, but high-melting-point impurities which are not easy to melt still exist in the graphitized recarburizer, and electrolyte and impurities which are not subjected to the separation treatment of the melting separation section often adhere to the surface of the graphitized recarburizer, the heating temperature in the electric heating furnace body 2 is set to 2100-3000 ℃, so that the impurities in the graphitized recarburizer are gasified and overflowed at 2100-3000 ℃, hot gas flows upwards, the heat energy of the hot gas is used for melting liquefaction of the high-melting-point substances, the gas flowing upwards is converted into liquid in the melting separation section to be subjected to permeation separation and recovery, and coking and hardening blockage is avoided, and the high-purity graphite crushed product can be obtained after the purification treatment is performed on the graphitized recarburizer by the electric heating furnace body 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the first separation section 102 and the second separation section 103 shown in this embodiment have the same structure, and each include a permeable graphite heating pipe 11, a diversion cavity 12, a melt diversion pipe 13, a heat insulating layer 14, and a magnetic field generating device 15, which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; wherein, the penetrating graphite heating pipe 11 is used for heating, melting and separating the carbon electrode waste in the pipe body and making the molten liquid penetrate into the diversion cavity 12; the first separation section 102 and the second separation section 103 are both arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal plane, the lower end of the first separation section 102 and the lower end of the second separation section 103 are both provided with a melt collecting port 18, the melt collecting port 18 of the first separation section 102 is communicated with the flow guide cavity 12 of the first separation section 102, and the melt collecting port 18 of the second separation section 103 is communicated with the flow guide cavity 12 of the second separation section 103.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the magnetic field generating device 15 is used to generate a magnetic field to generate a vortex in the penetrating graphite heating pipe 11, and since the electrical resistivity of the penetrating graphite heating pipe 11 is relatively small, the generated vortex is relatively strong, and the penetrating graphite heating pipe 11 generates a relatively large amount of heat, so as to heat the carbon electrode waste in the penetrating graphite heating pipe 11. The penetrating graphite heating pipe 11 shown in this embodiment can be understood as a graphite pipe densely distributed with a plurality of penetrating micropores, the penetrating graphite heating pipe 11 only allows the melt in the inner cavity thereof to flow into the guiding cavity 12 from the penetrating micropores, and the melt can be collected into the melt collecting mold from the melt collecting port 18 under the guidance of the melt guiding pipe 13. Among them, the melt collecting mold is preferably a cooling type collecting mold.
Meanwhile, the melt flow guide tube 13 shown in this embodiment is preferably a high-compactness non-heat-generating carbon tube or an inorganic fire-resistant anti-corrosion pouring tube, the non-heat-generating carbon tube is preferably a high-density ring-breaking carbon tube with a fracture sealed and filled by an inorganic fire-resistant insulating material, the fracture of the ring-breaking carbon tube faces upwards, a melt collecting tank is arranged at the lower end of the melt flow guide tube 13, a self-sealing melt discharge tube is arranged at the side bottom of the melt collecting tank, and a cooling type collecting mold is arranged at the outlet of the self-sealing melt discharge tube.
The thermal insulation layer 14 shown in this embodiment may specifically include a carbon thermal insulation layer, an inorganic fire-resistant thermal insulation layer, and an inorganic fire-resistant pouring pipe, which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the carbon thermal insulation layer may specifically be made of at least one of a hard carbon felt, a soft carbon felt, a carbon hot ramming paste, a carbon cold ramming paste, and insulating carbon black. The magnetic field generating device 15 shown in this embodiment is arranged along the circumferential direction of the thermal insulation layer 14, and a sealing steel shell 16 is arranged on the outer side of the magnetic field generating device 15, wherein the magnetic field generating device 15 is composed of a copper coil and a magnetic yoke, the magnetic yoke is sleeved between the coil and the sealing steel shell 16, and the sealing steel shell 16 is fixedly arranged on the support.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to facilitate the melting separation of impurities in the carbon electrode waste by using the gravity, in this embodiment, the first separation section 102 forms a first inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane, the second separation section 103 forms a second inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane, both the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are acute angles, and the first inclination angle is smaller than the second inclination angle; one end of the first separation section 102 is also provided with a rotary support structure 17; the rotary supporting structure 17 is coaxially connected with the permeable graphite heating pipe 11; the rotary support structure 17 is also used for connection with a rotary drive mechanism. Here, the rotary supporting structure 17 is provided in the embodiment to facilitate driving the permeable graphite heating pipe 11 in the first separation section 102 to rotate, so that the first separation section 102 can effectively melt and separate impurities in the carbon electrode waste while maintaining a relatively small inclination angle, and achieve a good separation effect.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, a thermal insulation layer may be disposed between the permeable graphite heating pipe 11 and the shaft hole of the rotary support structure 17, wherein the thermal insulation layer specifically includes a carbon felt thermal insulation layer, a hot paste thermal insulation layer, an inorganic fire-resistant thermal insulation layer, and an oxygen-isolating sealing thermal insulation layer, which are disposed in this order from inside to outside.
Meanwhile, the embodiment is not limited to the penetration type graphite heating pipe 11 in the first separation section 102 being connected to the rotation driving mechanism through the rotation supporting structure 17, but the embodiment may also be connected to the penetration type graphite heating pipe 11 in the second separation section 103 through the rotation supporting structure.
In addition, in order to facilitate the materials in the residual heat preheating section 101 to be conveyed to the melting separation section under the action of self weight, in this embodiment, the inclination angle of the residual heat preheating section 101 relative to the horizontal plane is set to be 0.5-1.5 °, wherein the inclination angle of the residual heat preheating section 101 relative to the horizontal plane is preferably 0.5 °, 1.1 ° or 1.5 °; in order to facilitate the implementation of the revolving operation and the melt separation, the first separation section 102 shown in this embodiment has a first inclination angle of 4 ° to 8 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, wherein the first inclination angle is preferably 4 °, 5.7 ° or 8 °; the second separation section 103 is shown in this embodiment with a second angle of inclination of 45 deg. -86 deg. to the horizontal, wherein the second angle of inclination is preferably 45 deg., 60 deg. or 86 deg..
It should be noted here that the present embodiment may also provide that the first inclination angle of the first separation section 102 with respect to the horizontal plane is equal to the inclination angle of the waste heat preheating section 101 with respect to the horizontal plane.
Further, a plurality of second separation sections 103 are arranged in the embodiment, and a plurality of feed inlets are arranged on the furnace top 24 of the electric heating furnace body 2; one ends of the plurality of second separation sections 103 are commonly communicated with the other end of the first separation section 102; the other ends of the plurality of second separation sections 103 are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of feed ports.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is specifically provided with two second separation sections 103, and the present embodiment is correspondingly provided with two feed inlets on the furnace top 24 of the electric heating furnace body 2, and the two feed inlets are distributed on opposite sides of the center of the furnace top 24. The number of the second separation sections 103 and the positions of the feeding ports are optimally arranged, so that the feeding efficiency of the electric heating furnace body 2 can be ensured, and the feeding (graphitized recarburizer) is uniformly distributed in the electric heating furnace body 2, so that the gas-solid separation effect on the feeding is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the electric heating furnace body 2 of the present embodiment includes a furnace 21 and an electric heating device 22; the hearth 21 comprises a gasification separation zone 211, a heat preservation zone 212 and a multi-stage cooling zone 213 which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence; the graphitized recarburizer obtained in the melting separation section is used for being input into the gasification separation section 211, and the electric heating device 22 is used for heating the graphitized recarburizer in the gasification separation section 211; the electric heating furnace body 2 is a vertical continuous resistance heating furnace.
Specifically, the heating temperature of the gasification separation zone 211 shown in this embodiment is 2100-. The upper port of the gasification separation area 211 faces the furnace top 24 of the electric heating furnace body 2, the lower port of the gasification separation area 211 is communicated with the upper port of the heat preservation area 212, the lower port of the heat preservation area 212 is communicated with the upper port of the multi-stage cooling area 213, and the lower port of the multi-stage cooling area 213 is a discharge port of the electric heating furnace body 2.
Meanwhile, the multi-stage cooling zone 213 shown in this embodiment includes a high-temperature slow cooling zone, a medium-high-temperature slow cooling zone, and a medium-temperature cooling zone, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The high-temperature slow cooling area, the medium-high temperature slow cooling area and the medium-temperature cooling area shown in the embodiment can be provided with the water-cooling heat exchangers in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the slow cooling temperature of each cooling area can be adjusted in real time by adjusting the flow rate of cooling water of the water-cooling heat exchangers of each cooling area.
The furnace wall 25 of the electric heating furnace body 2 and the shell wall corresponding to the feeding port in the embodiment both include a hard carbon layer, a carbon hot or cold ramming layer, an insulating carbon black layer, an inorganic fire-resistant layer, an inorganic heat-insulating layer and a steel shell sealing layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
As shown in fig. 1, the electrothermal furnace body 2 of the present embodiment is further provided with a discharging device 23; the discharging device 23 comprises a discharging bin 231 and a discharging bin 232, and the discharging bin 231 is arranged above the discharging bin 232; the feeding end of the discharging bin 231 is communicated with the discharging opening of the electric heating furnace body 2, and the discharging end of the discharging bin 231 is communicated with the feeding end of the discharging bin 232; wherein, the discharge port is provided with a discharge valve 26; a rotary scraping mechanism 233 and a cooling tray 234 are arranged in the discharge bin 231, the cooling tray 234 is used for receiving the discharged materials output by the discharge opening, and the rotary scraping mechanism 233 is used for scraping the discharged materials on the cooling tray 234 into the discharge bin 231; the feed end and the discharge end of the discharge bin 232 are both provided with an air-lock valve 235.
Specifically, the discharge valve 26 shown in the present embodiment is preferably a cooled oxygen barrier rod valve. The rotary scraping mechanism 233 shown in this embodiment includes a rotary driving motor, a ring gear and a scraper, the ring gear is rotatably installed in the discharging bin 231, and the tooth surface of the ring gear extends out of the discharging bin 231; the rotary driving motor is in power coupling connection with the ring gear through the gear transmission mechanism. The ring gear is connected with the handle of the scraper, and the edge of the scraper is attached to the disc surface of the cooling tray 234 and is arranged close to the periphery of the cooling tray 234. The cooling tray 234 shown in this embodiment is specifically a cooling disk.
In actual operation, the garrulous product of graphite in the electric heat furnace body 2 is after its bin outlet discharge through multistage cooling, and the garrulous product of graphite rethread ring gear's centre bore discharges to cooling tray 234 on to pile up gradually on cooling tray 234, at this in-process, the rotatory driving motor drives the scraper through ring gear and does 360 rotations around cooling tray 234 to scrape gradually the garrulous product of graphite who holds on cooling tray 234 and sweep to arranging in bin 231.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a conveying device may be disposed below the discharge end of the discharge bin 232, the end of the conveying device is communicated with the product bin, an electric valve is disposed at the discharge end of the product bin, and the discharge end of the product bin is communicated with the metering and packaging device.
As shown in fig. 1, the electric heating device 22 of the present embodiment includes a graphite positive electrode 221 and a graphite negative electrode 222; the graphite anode 221 is arranged at the furnace top 24 of the electric heating furnace body 2, one end of the graphite anode 221 extends into the furnace 21, and the other end is used for being electrically connected with the anode of the power supply; one end of the graphite cathode 222 is disposed between the gasification separation region 211 and the heat preservation region 212, and the other end of the graphite cathode 222 extends out of the electric heating furnace body 2 and is electrically connected to a cathode of a power supply.
Specifically, the furnace top 24 of the electric heating furnace body 2 shown in the embodiment is provided with furnace covers, and the furnace covers comprise an oxygen-isolating sealing steel cover, an inorganic refractory pouring furnace cover and a carbon furnace cover which are coaxially arranged from top to bottom in sequence. The center of the furnace lid shown in this example is used for inserting the graphite positive electrode 221 of the electric heater 22. In the embodiment, a cooling water jacket is sleeved on the outer side wall of the part, extending out of the furnace cover, of the positive graphite electrode; an inorganic refractory insulating layer is arranged between the graphite positive electrode and the oxygen-isolating sealing steel cover shown in the embodiment; an oxygen isolating sealing layer is arranged between the graphite positive electrode and the inorganic fireproof pouring furnace cover.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the graphite cathode 222 of the present embodiment includes a first cathode unit and a second cathode unit; the number of the first negative electrode units is two, and the first negative electrode units are symmetrically arranged; the first negative electrode unit comprises an arc-shaped section 2221 and an extraction section 2222, one end of the extraction section 2222 is connected with one end of the arc-shaped section 2221, and the other end of the extraction section 2222 extends out of the furnace wall 25 of the electric heating furnace body 2; the arc sections 2221 of the two first negative electrode units are spliced to form a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is arranged between the gasification separation zone 211 and the heat preservation zone 212; the part of the leading-out section 2222 extending out of the furnace wall 25 is sequentially provided with a water vapor evaporation section 201, a water insulation section 202, a water spraying cooling section 203 and an adapter section 204 along the extending direction of the leading-out section 2222, and the adapter section 204 is used for being connected with a conductive copper bar; the second negative electrode unit comprises at least one layer of graphite ring, and the graphite ring is coaxially connected with the circular ring structure; the graphite ring is of an integrated structure or a split type splicing structure.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the leading-out sections 2222 of the first negative electrode units may be arranged to extend along the radial direction of the electric heating furnace body 2, and the leading-out sections 2222 of the two first negative electrode units are parallel and arranged at intervals.
An oxygen-isolating waterproof insulating sealing ring is arranged between the leading-out section 2222 and the furnace wall 25 of the electric heating furnace body 2 in the embodiment, so as to prevent external water vapor from entering the electric heating furnace body 2 along the leading-out section 2222.
The adapter 204 shown in this embodiment is provided with a conductive copper bar for electrically connecting with the negative electrode of the power supply. The trickle cooling section 203 that this embodiment shows is used for corresponding with the trickle shower nozzle, through to trickle cooling section 203 spray microthermal cooling water (running water), can be to trickle cooling section 203 cooling, prevents that trickle cooling section 203 from leading to the conducting resistance increase because of the high temperature. The water proof section 202 shown in this embodiment is equipped with water proof ring, and water proof ring is used for backstop trickle cooling section 203 to go up the cooling water that sprays to steam evaporation zone 201, because steam evaporation zone 201 is close to electric heat furnace body 2 and sets up, thereby steam evaporation zone 201 has higher temperature, and usable steam evaporation zone 201 evaporates from the water that trickle cooling zone 203 splash or drainage were come, utilizes the evaporation heat absorption simultaneously, cools down to the part that draws section 2222 and stretch out electric heat furnace body 2.
As shown in fig. 5, the electric heating furnace of the present embodiment is further equipped with a crushing mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a smoke processing system, wherein the crushing mechanism, the feeding mechanism and the smoke processing system are not specifically shown in fig. 1.
Here, the crushing mechanism shown in this embodiment is configured to crush the carbon electrode waste and convey the crushed carbon electrode waste to the feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism is configured to convey the crushed carbon electrode waste to one end of the waste heat preheating section 101; the smoke dust treatment system is provided with a first dust collecting port and a second dust collecting port; the first dust collecting port is used for collecting graphite dust generated by the crushing mechanism during crushing operation; the second dust collecting port is used for collecting flue gas discharged from one end of the waste heat preheating section 101; and the smoke dust obtained by the dust collecting of the smoke dust processing system is conveyed to the feeding mechanism.
In particular, the crushing mechanism shown in the present embodiment is preferably a jaw crusher, and the feeding mechanism is preferably a hoist. Therefore, the jaw crusher crushes the carbon electrode waste, and after the crushed carbon electrode waste is subjected to aluminum sorting and iron removal, the processed carbon electrode waste is conveyed to the elevator, fed to the raw material bin of the electric heating furnace by the elevator, and fed to the residual heat preheating section 101 of the preheating separation channel 1 by the raw material bin.
Meanwhile, the smoke treatment system shown in the embodiment comprises a low-temperature smoke settling chamber and a bag type dust collector. The flue gas inlet of the low-temperature flue gas settling chamber shown in the embodiment is communicated with the second dust collecting port, the flue gas outlet and the first dust collecting port of the low-temperature flue gas settling chamber are respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the bag type dust collector, and the gas outlet of the bag type dust collector is communicated with the chimney through the induced draft fan. Meanwhile, a dust outlet of the bag type dust collector is communicated with the elevator so as to convey the dust obtained by collecting dust to the elevator.
Further, the top of the low-temperature flue gas settling chamber shown in this embodiment is provided with two sets of combustible gas anti-detonation safety processing devices connected in parallel, 1 set of combustible gas anti-detonation safety processing device is operated each time, and CO and H with extremely low concentrations in flue gas are treated2Collecting, burning and emptying; the flue gas outlet of the low-temperature flue gas settling chamber is higher than the flue gas inlet of the low-temperature flue gas settling chamber. Meanwhile, the flue gas inlet of the low-temperature flue gas settling chamber is higher than the flue gas outlet (feed inlet) of the electric heating furnace.
In this embodiment, the two sets of anti-detonation safety processing devices for combustible gas are respectively provided with automatic valves at the gas inlet and the gas outlet, an exhaust valve for automatically closing the gas outlet, an intake valve for opening the gas inlet, and a pair of valves for CO and H2Collecting; and closing an air inlet valve of the air inlet, opening an exhaust valve of the air outlet, and combusting and emptying CO and H2.
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the present embodiment further provides a method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste by using the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste, which includes the following steps:
s1, feeding the carbon electrode waste with the preset granularity to a waste heat preheating section, preheating the carbon electrode waste at the temperature of room temperature to 450 ℃, removing water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste, and then continuously utilizing the waste heat of the waste heat preheating section to preheat the carbon electrode waste to 900 ℃;
s2, sequentially feeding the carbon electrode waste material processed by the waste heat preheating section into a first separation section and a second separation section of a melting separation section, controlling the melting temperature of the first separation section to be 900-;
s3, controlling a gasification separation zone of the electric heating furnace body to purify the graphitized carburant product at the temperature of 2100-3000 ℃, and outputting a graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of more than 99% after the electric heating furnace body carries out multi-stage cooling treatment on the purified graphitized carburant product;
and S4, sequentially crushing, grinding, demagnetizing, shaping, purifying, coating and carbonizing the graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of more than 99% to obtain the graphite cathode product.
It should be noted that the melting temperature of the first separation section may be 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1500 ℃ and 1600 ℃, the melting temperature of the second separation section may be 1600 ℃, 1800 ℃, 2000 ℃ and 2100 ℃, and the gasification separation temperature of the gasification separation section may be 2100 ℃, 2300 ℃, 2500 ℃, 2900 ℃ and 3000 ℃, which are not particularly limited herein.
Meanwhile, the fluoride salt, the sodium-based electrolyte and the silicon-aluminum mixture obtained by separation in the process can be further subjected to water quenching, grinding, water leaching and filtering treatment in sequence. Wherein, the primary filter residue obtained by filtering is granulated and dried by waste heat to be used as a steelmaking slag former, the obtained primary filtrate is causticized by calcium oxide, the secondary filter residue (calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate) obtained by filtering is merged into the primary filter residue to be granulated and dried by waste heat to be used as a steelmaking slag former, and the secondary filtrate obtained by filtering is directly used as liquid alkali in the wet-process alumina production.
The method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode scrap according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to three examples.
Example 1:
the carbon electrode waste selected in this example was a waste cathode carbon block and was treated as follows.
(1) Crushing the waste cathode carbon blocks into carbon blocks with the particle size of 0-150mm by using a jaw crusher, sorting out aluminum sheets mixed with the waste cathode carbon blocks by using a sorting machine or manually, removing waste iron mixed with the waste cathode carbon blocks by using an iron remover, conveying the treated waste cathode carbon blocks to a raw material bin at the top of an electric heating furnace by using a lifting machine, and feeding the waste cathode carbon blocks to a waste heat preheating section of a preheating separation channel by using the raw material bin.
(2) In the waste heat preheating section, the water vapor in the waste cathode carbon blocks is dried at the temperature of between room temperature and 450 ℃, so that the water and the red-hot carbon are prevented from reacting to generate water gas, and the reaction equation is C + H2O＝CO+H2(ii) a Digestion of trace cyanide 4NaCN +5O2＝2Na2O+4CO2+2N2(ii) a Thermal expansion drives out O2(ii) a Eliminating carbon monoxide 2C + O generated by incomplete combustion of carbon 22 CO; then, the waste cathode carbon blocks are continuously preheated to about 900 ℃ by using the waste heat of the smoke discharged by the electric heating furnace.
(3) The waste cathode carbon block after being preheated in the waste heat preheating section automatically enters a first separation section of the melting separation section in a downward way under the action of self weight, fluoride salt and sodium-based electrolyte are melted at 900 ℃ and 1600 ℃ to form liquid with excellent fluidity to penetrate through an infiltration type graphite heating pipe for infiltration and separation in the first separation section, and then flow into a flow guide cavity, and under the flow guide of a melt flow guide pipe, the liquid enters a mould through a melt liquid collecting port of the first separation section for cooling and casting into a white electrolyte salt ingot product, or is cooled to prepare a white electrolyte particle product, or is sequentially subjected to water quenching, grinding, water leaching and filtering treatment. Wherein, the primary filter residue obtained by filtering is granulated and dried by waste heat to be used as a steelmaking slag former, the obtained primary filtrate is causticized by calcium oxide, the secondary filter residue (calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate) obtained by filtering is merged into the primary filter residue to be granulated and dried by waste heat to be used as a steelmaking slag former, and the secondary filtrate obtained by filtering is directly used as liquid alkali for wet-process alumina production; hot gas generated by the first separation section goes upward for recycling and is used for preheating the waste cathode carbon block of the waste heat preheating section; the carbon blocks in the first separation section descend into a second separation section of the melting separation section; more than 75% of electrolyte in the waste cathode carbon block is liquefied and separated to obtain a common coke product or a common carburant product with the fixed carbon content of 83-90%.
(4) In the second separation section, the mixture mainly containing silicon and aluminum in the waste cathode carbon block is melted at 1600-2100 ℃ to form a liquid with excellent fluidity to be permeated and separated by the permeable graphite heating pipe, and the mixture product mainly containing silicon and aluminum is obtained by entering a mold through a molten liquid collecting port of the second separation section and cooling; the unseparated fluoride salt electrolyte adhered to the surface of the carbon block is gasified and ascends, the heat energy is recycled for the melting liquefaction of the electrolyte with low melting point in the first separation section, and meanwhile, the gasified fluoride salt electrolyte in the electric heating furnace body is converted into liquid in the second separation section and is permeated, separated and recycled; electrolyte and silicon-aluminum mixture in the waste cathode carbon block are liquefied and separated by more than 90 percent of the total amount to obtain the graphitized carburant with the fixed carbon content of 90-95 percent, and the graphitized carburant descends to a gasification separation area of the electric heating furnace body under the action of self weight.
(5) In the gasification separation zone, the mixture containing fluoride salt mainly adhered to the surface of the carbon block is gasified and overflowed at 2100-3000 ℃, hot gas ascends, the heat energy of the hot gas is used for melting and liquefying low-melting-point electrolyte in the first separation zone and melting and liquefying high-melting-point substances in the second separation zone, the ascending gas is converted into liquid in the first separation zone and the second separation zone and is separated, collected and recycled, coking blockage is avoided, and meanwhile, the carbon block is purified.
Meanwhile, the purified carbon blocks continuously descend in the electric heating furnace body, sequentially pass through a heat preservation area and a multi-stage cooling area, are subjected to descending material by a cooling tray, are controlled by a rotary scraping mechanism to discharge the descending material from the cooling tray, are discharged into a discharging bin according to the discharge flow of 300kg/h, are subjected to oxygen separation discharging by a discharging bin, are finally conveyed to a product bin, and are subjected to chemical examination, metering and packaging to be put in the bin, so that the high-quality graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of 99.91 percent and the graphitization degree of 99.5 is obtained.
The high-performance artificial graphite cathode material is prepared by sequentially crushing graphite pieces with the fixed carbon content of 99.91% by a crusher, grinding by a grinder, shaping, demagnetizing by a strong magnetic machine, purifying by acid treatment, coating asphalt or resin, and carbonizing by a carbonization furnace.
The performance comparison index of the artificial graphite anode material obtained in this example 1 with the conventional artificial graphite anode material is shown in table 1 below.
Table 1: comparison of key properties of artificial graphite cathode materials
It should be noted that in this embodiment 1, the sorted aluminum sheets can be melted at 660 ℃ to 800 ℃ and cast into aluminum ingot products, the recycled scrap iron can be melted into iron block products, and the waste woven bags and ton bags can be cleaned and made into plastic granule products by a granulator.
Example 2:
the carbon electrode waste selected in this example is anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder, and the following treatment process is adopted.
(1) Conveying the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder to a raw material bin at the top of the electric heating furnace, and conveying the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder in the raw material bin to a waste heat preheating section after metering. In the waste heat preheating section, the water vapor in the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder is dried at the temperature of between room temperature and 450 ℃, so that the water and the hot carbon are prevented from reacting to generate water gas, and the reaction equation is C + H2O＝CO+H2(ii) a Digestion of trace cyanide 4NaCN +5O2＝2Na2O+4CO2+2N2(ii) a Thermal expansion drives out O2(ii) a Eliminating carbon monoxide 2C + O generated by incomplete combustion of carbon 22 CO; then, the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder is continuously preheated to about 900 ℃ by using the waste heat of the smoke discharged by the electric heating furnace.
(2) The anode carbon slag flotation carbon powder after preheating, dehydration and oxygen discharge enters a first separation section of a melting separation section in a downward mode, fluoride electrolyte is melted at 900-1600 ℃ to form liquid with excellent fluidity, penetrates through a permeable graphite heating pipe to be subjected to permeation separation, flows into a flow guide cavity, and is collected through a melt collection port of the first separation section under the flow guide of a melt flow guide pipe to be prepared into particles which are used as a steelmaking slag former or reused in an aluminum electrolysis production process; the carbon powder in the first separation section descends into a second separation section of the melting separation section; more than 75% of electrolyte in the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder is liquefied and separated to obtain a common carburant product with the fixed carbon content of 83-90%.
(3) After carbon powder with the fixed carbon content of 83-90% after melting, permeating and separating in the first separation section descends into the second separation section, a fluoride salt mixture containing silicon and aluminum in the carbon powder is melted at 1600-2100 ℃ to form a liquid with excellent fluidity, and the liquid passes through a permeable graphite heating pipe of the second separation section to be separated, and is collected into a mold through a melt liquid collecting port of the second separation section to be cooled to prepare a fluoride salt mixture product containing silicon and aluminum; the unseparated fluoride salt electrolyte adhered to the surface of the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder is gasified and ascends, the heat energy is recycled for the melting liquefaction of the electrolyte of the first separation section, and simultaneously the gasified gas of the fluoride salt electrolyte is converted into liquid to be permeated, separated and recycled; more than 95% of the mixture of fluoride salt and silicon-aluminum-containing fluoride salt in the anode carbon residue flotation carbon powder is liquefied and separated, and a graphitized carburant product with the fixed carbon content of 90-95% is obtained.
(4) The carbon powder after melting, permeating and separating by the second separation section flows downwards to enter a gasification separation section of the electric heating furnace body, electrolyte and impurities which are thin and adhered to the surface of the carbon powder are gasified and overflow at 2100-2900 ℃, hot gas flows upwards, the heat energy of the hot gas is used for melting and liquefying high-melting-point substances of the first separation section or the second separation section, and the gas which flows upwards is converted into liquid to be quickly permeated, separated and recovered, so that coking and blockage are avoided, and the carbon powder is purified.
Meanwhile, the carbon powder is purified and then continuously descends, the carbon powder sequentially passes through a heat preservation area and a multi-stage cooling area, then the descending material is received by a cooling tray, the discharge of the ascending and descending material of the cooling tray is controlled by a rotary scraping mechanism, the carbon block is discharged into a discharging bin according to the discharge flow control of 300kg/h, then the carbon block is subjected to oxygen separation discharging by a discharging bin, finally the carbon block is conveyed to a product bin, and the product bin is subjected to chemical examination, metering and packaging, and then the high-quality graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of 99.5% is obtained.
Example 3:
the carbon electrode waste selected in this example was anode carbon residue, and the following treatment process was used.
(1) Crushing the anode carbon residue to carbon blocks with the particle size of 0-100mm by using a jaw crusher, after iron removal treatment is carried out by picking aluminum sheets, conveying the treated carbon blocks to a raw material bin at the top of an electric heating furnace by using a lifting machine, and feeding the carbon blocks to a waste heat preheating section of a preheating separation channel from the raw material bin.
(2) Drying the anode in a waste heat preheating section at the temperature of between room temperature and 450 DEG CThe water vapor in the carbon residue prevents the water from reacting with the hot carbon to generate water gas, and the reaction equation is C + H2O＝CO+H2(ii) a Digestion of trace cyanide 4NaCN +5O2＝2Na2O+4CO2+2N2(ii) a Thermal expansion drives out O2(ii) a Eliminating carbon monoxide 2C + O generated by incomplete combustion of carbon 22 CO; then, the anode carbon residue is continuously preheated to about 900 ℃ by using the waste heat of the flue gas discharged by the electric heating furnace.
(3) The anode carbon slag after preheating, dewatering and oxygen discharging enters a first separation section of a melting separation section in a downward mode, fluoride electrolyte is melted at 900-1600 ℃ to form liquid with excellent fluidity, penetrates through a permeable graphite heating pipe to be subjected to permeation separation, flows into a flow guide cavity, and is collected through a melt liquid collecting port of the first separation section under the flow guide of a melt liquid flow guide pipe to be prepared into particles which are used as a steelmaking slag former or reused in an aluminum electrolysis production process; the carbon powder in the first separation section descends into a second separation section of the melting separation section; more than 85% of electrolyte in the anode carbon residue is liquefied and separated to obtain a common carburant product with the fixed carbon content of 85-90%.
(4) After anode carbon slag with the fixed carbon content of 85-90% after melting, permeating and separating in the first separation section descends into the second separation section, a fluoride salt mixture containing silicon and aluminum in carbon powder is melted at 1600-2100 ℃ to form a liquid with excellent fluidity, and the liquid passes through a permeable graphite heating pipe of the second separation section to be separated, and is collected into a mold through a melt liquid collecting port of the second separation section to be cooled to prepare a fluoride salt mixture product containing silicon and aluminum; the unseparated fluoride salt electrolyte adhered to the surface of the anode carbon residue is gasified and ascends, the heat energy is recycled for the melting liquefaction of the electrolyte in the first separation section, and simultaneously the gasified gas of the fluoride salt electrolyte is converted into liquid to be permeated, separated and recycled; more than 95% of the mixture of fluoride salt and silicon-aluminum-containing fluoride salt in the anode carbon residue is liquefied and separated to obtain a graphitized carburant product with the fixed carbon content of 90-95%.
(5) The anode carbon residue after the melting, permeating and separating of the second separation section flows downwards to enter a gasification separation section of the electric heating furnace body, electrolyte and impurities which are thin and adhered to the surface of the anode carbon residue are gasified and overflowed at 2100-2900 ℃, hot gas flows upwards, the heat energy of the hot gas is used for melting and liquefying high-melting-point substances of the first separation section or the second separation section, and meanwhile the gas which flows upwards is converted into liquid to be quickly permeated, separated and recovered, so that coking and blockage are avoided, and carbon powder is purified.
Meanwhile, the carbon powder is purified and then continuously descends, the carbon powder sequentially passes through a heat preservation area and a multi-stage cooling area, the descending material is received by the cooling tray, the discharge of the ascending material and the descending material of the cooling tray is controlled by the rotary scraping mechanism, the carbon powder is discharged into a discharging bin according to the discharge flow rate of 300kg/h, then the carbon powder is subjected to oxygen separation discharging by a discharging bin, finally the carbon powder is conveyed to a product bin, and the product bin is subjected to chemical examination, metering and packaging and then warehoused to obtain a high-quality graphite powder product with the fixed carbon content of 99.6%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A continuous electric heating furnace for resourcefully treating aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste is characterized by comprising: preheating the separation channel and the electric heating furnace body;
the preheating separation channel comprises a waste heat preheating section and a melting separation section; one end of the waste heat preheating section is used for inputting carbon electrode waste materials, and the other end of the waste heat preheating section is communicated with one end of the melting separation section; the other end of the melting separation section is communicated with a feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body;
the waste heat preheating section is used for preheating the carbon electrode waste by using the waste heat of the flue gas in the electric heating furnace body and the melting separation section so as to remove water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste; the melting separation section is used for heating, melting and separating the carbon electrode waste after preheating treatment to respectively obtain an electrolyte, a silicon-aluminum mixture and a graphitized recarburizing agent product, and the graphitized recarburizing agent product is input into the electric heating furnace body; the electric heating furnace body is used for carrying out high-temperature purification on the graphitized recarburizer product to obtain a graphite crushed product.
2. The continuous electric heating furnace for resource treatment of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste material according to claim 1, wherein the melting separation section comprises: a first separation section and a second separation section; one end of the first separation section is communicated with the other end of the waste heat preheating section, and the other end of the first separation section is communicated with one end of the second separation section; the other end of the second separation section is communicated with a feed inlet of the electric heating furnace body;
the melting temperature of the first separation section is 900-1600 ℃, and the melting temperature of the second separation section is 1600-2100 ℃; the heating temperature in the electric heating furnace body is 2100-3000 ℃.
3. The continuous electric heating furnace for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste materials according to claim 2, wherein the first separation section and the second separation section have the same structure and respectively comprise a permeable graphite heating pipe, a diversion cavity, a melt diversion pipe, a heat preservation and insulation layer, a magnetic field generation device and a sealing steel shell sleeve which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the penetrating graphite heating pipe is used for heating, melting and separating carbon electrode waste in the pipe body of the penetrating graphite heating pipe, and enabling molten liquid to penetrate into the flow guide cavity; the first separation section and the second separation section are both obliquely arranged relative to the horizontal plane, and the lower end of the first separation section and the lower end of the second separation section are both provided with a melt collecting port correspondingly communicated with the diversion cavity.
4. The continuous electric heating furnace for recycling aluminum electrolytic carbon electrode waste material according to claim 3, wherein the first separation section forms a first inclination angle with respect to a horizontal plane, the second separation section forms a second inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane, both the first inclination angle and the second inclination angle are acute angles, and the first inclination angle is smaller than the second inclination angle; one end of the first separation section is also provided with a rotary supporting structure; the rotary supporting structure is coaxially connected with the permeable graphite heating pipe; the rotary supporting structure is also used for being connected with a rotary driving mechanism;
and/or a plurality of second separation sections are arranged, and the top of the electric heating furnace body is provided with a plurality of feed inlets; one end of the second separation sections is communicated with the other end of the first separation section; and the other ends of the second separation sections are communicated with the feed inlets in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
5. The continuous electric heating furnace for resource treatment of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the electric heating furnace body comprises a hearth and an electric heating device; the hearth comprises a gasification separation zone, a heat preservation zone and a multi-stage cooling zone which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the graphitized recarburizer product obtained by the melting separation section is used for being input into the gasification separation section, and the electric heating device is used for heating the graphitized recarburizer product in the gasification separation section; the electric heating furnace body is a vertical continuous resistance heating furnace.
6. The continuous electric heating furnace for resource treatment of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste materials according to claim 5, characterized in that the electric heating furnace body further comprises a discharging device;
the discharging device comprises a discharging bin and a discharging bin; the feeding end of the discharging bin is communicated with the discharging opening of the electric heating furnace body, and the discharging end of the discharging bin is communicated with the feeding end of the discharging bin;
wherein, the discharge outlet is provided with a discharge valve; a rotary scraping mechanism and a cooling tray are arranged in the discharging bin, the cooling tray is used for receiving the discharged materials output by the discharging opening, and the rotary scraping mechanism is used for scraping the discharged materials on the cooling tray into the discharging bin; and the feeding end and the discharging end of the discharging bin are both provided with air-closing valves.
7. The continuous electric heating furnace for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste materials according to claim 5, wherein the electric heating device comprises a graphite anode and a graphite cathode;
the graphite anode is arranged at the furnace top of the electric heating furnace body, one end of the graphite anode extends into the furnace chamber, and the other end of the graphite anode is electrically connected with the anode of the power supply;
one end of the graphite negative electrode is arranged between the gasification separation area and the heat preservation area, and the other end of the graphite negative electrode extends out of the electric heating furnace body and is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.
8. The continuous electric heating furnace for resource treatment of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste material according to claim 7,
the graphite cathode comprises a first cathode unit and a second cathode unit;
the number of the first negative electrode units is two, and the first negative electrode units are symmetrically arranged; the first negative electrode unit comprises an arc-shaped section and a leading-out section, one end of the leading-out section is connected with one end of the arc-shaped section, and the other end of the leading-out section extends out of the furnace wall of the electric heating furnace body; the arc sections of the two first negative electrode units are spliced to form a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is arranged between the gasification separation area and the heat preservation area; the part of the leading-out section extending out of the furnace wall is sequentially provided with a water vapor evaporation section, a water insulation section, a water spraying cooling section and a switching section along the extension direction of the leading-out section, and the switching section is used for being connected with the conductive copper bar;
the second negative electrode unit comprises at least one layer of graphite ring, and the graphite ring is coaxially connected with the circular ring structure; the graphite ring is of an integrated structure or a split type splicing structure.
9. The continuous electric heating furnace for resource recovery of aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode waste material according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
further comprising: the device comprises a crushing mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a smoke dust processing system;
the crushing mechanism is used for crushing the carbon electrode waste and carrying out aluminum sorting and iron removing treatment on the crushed carbon electrode waste; the crushing mechanism is used for conveying the crushed carbon electrode waste to the feeding mechanism, and the feeding mechanism is used for conveying the crushed carbon electrode waste to one end of the waste heat preheating section;
the smoke dust treatment system is provided with a first dust collecting port and a second dust collecting port; the first dust collecting port is used for collecting graphite dust generated by the crushing mechanism during crushing operation; the second dust collecting port is used for collecting flue gas discharged from one end of the waste heat preheating section; and the smoke dust obtained by the dust collecting of the smoke dust processing system is conveyed to the feeding mechanism.
10. A method for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode scrap by using the continuous electric heating furnace for recycling aluminum electrolysis carbon electrode scrap according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
s1, feeding the carbon electrode waste with the preset granularity to a waste heat preheating section, preheating the carbon electrode waste at the temperature of room temperature to 450 ℃, removing water vapor, cyanide and oxygen in the carbon electrode waste, and then continuously utilizing the waste heat of the waste heat preheating section to preheat the carbon electrode waste to 900 ℃;
s2, sequentially feeding the carbon electrode waste material processed by the waste heat preheating section into a first separation section and a second separation section of a melting separation section, controlling the melting temperature of the first separation section to be 900-;
s3, controlling a gasification separation zone of the electric heating furnace body to purify the graphitized carburant product at the temperature of 2100-3000 ℃, and outputting a graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of more than 99% after the electric heating furnace body carries out multi-stage cooling treatment on the purified graphitized carburant product;
and S4, sequentially crushing, grinding, demagnetizing, shaping, purifying, coating and carbonizing the graphite crushed product with the fixed carbon content of more than 99% to obtain the graphite cathode product.
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