CN113483252B - 一种新型高压储氢瓶 - Google Patents

一种新型高压储氢瓶 Download PDF

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CN113483252B
CN113483252B CN202110758615.0A CN202110758615A CN113483252B CN 113483252 B CN113483252 B CN 113483252B CN 202110758615 A CN202110758615 A CN 202110758615A CN 113483252 B CN113483252 B CN 113483252B
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bottle
valve
hydrogen storage
hydrogen
electromagnetic valve
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CN113483252A (zh
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曾霞光
于芳芳
张忠波
王道勇
叶杰
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SHANGHAI ZHONGHAILONG HIGH AND NEW TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型高压储氢瓶，包括储氢瓶，储氢瓶包括外瓶和内瓶；所述内瓶上端安装有单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀；所述外瓶连接内外瓶电磁阀；所述储氢瓶上设置有与内瓶贯通的通道，所述通道上通过螺纹连接有内外瓶电磁阀，所述储氢瓶上端中间贯通设置有第二通道，所述第二通道上端螺纹连接有三通接头，所述三通接头上端螺纹连接单向阀，所述三通接头侧面螺纹连接有第二电磁阀。本发明设计了配套的单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀，通过单向阀进行充气，借助电控系统控制电磁阀的开闭，在氢气瓶的瓶口阀在气瓶氢气不足时能从外部将氢气充入瓶体内，在汽车需要氢气作为能源时，能及时将氢气排出，供燃料电池反应，提供氢气使燃料电池正常工作。

Description

一种新型高压储氢瓶
技术领域
本发明涉及储氢瓶技术领域，尤其涉及一种新型车载高压储氢瓶。
背景技术
环保清洁的氢燃料电池汽车以氢气为燃料，在燃料电池中氢与空气中的氧气发生化学反应产生电能，电能驱动汽车行驶，反应的产物只有水，实现了汽车尾气的零污染排放。氢燃料电池汽车的供氢系统是汽车的组成部分之一，主要有高压压缩氢气充气、储存、供给、减压、超压释放、安全限流和低压输出的功能，满足车用氢燃料电池汽车的供氢和消耗需求。
现阶段，国外氢能源汽车已经开始大量使用质量更轻，成本更低，质量储氢密度更高的第四代氢气瓶，而国内还处于研发阶段。我国Ⅳ型瓶开发会面临一些困难。首先，在原材料方面，国内从事高性能碳纤维和树脂基体研发和生产的企业非常少，碳纤维和与其相匹配的树脂基体的性能与国际水平相差较大，需加大研发、生产的投入，实现原材料国产化，从而降低成本；其次，在生产制备方面，国内高压储氢瓶的缠绕成型工艺相对落后，需进一步研究缠绕成型工艺，保障气瓶生产的工艺稳定性；另外，在标准制定方面存在不足，应通过制定相应的高压储氢气瓶标准，促进气瓶行业的规范化、规模化发展，确保气瓶使用的安全性。
随着氢燃料电池汽车的推广及续驶里程的要求越来越高，高压储氢瓶的质量百分比对燃料电池汽车的驶里程起决定性作用。高压气态储氢是目前较为成熟的车载储氢技术，但其体积储氢密度小，目前还没有达到能源部制定的发展目标。如何提高高压储氢瓶储氢量，同时降低其质量，控制其体积大小，即同时满足高压气态储氢轻量化、高压化、低成本、质量稳定等技术标准，在氢能与燃料电池汽车发展道路上有着举足轻重的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，而提出的一种新型高压储氢瓶。对于高压储氢容器，瓶体的承压越大，越容易被破坏。根据静水应力状态不影响材料强度这一力学原理，瓶体的强度取决于其储存空间与外部的压差。本发明专利基于控制压差这一基本思路来提高储氢瓶的单位体积容量和单位质量容量。具体地设计了一种双层高压储氢瓶，并将内外层瓶间的压差控制在瓶体强度安全范围内。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种新型高压储氢瓶，包括储氢瓶，储氢瓶包括外瓶和内瓶；所述内瓶上端安装有单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀；所述外瓶连接内外瓶电磁阀；所述储氢瓶上设置有与内瓶贯通的通道，所述通道上通过螺纹连接有内外瓶电磁阀，所述储氢瓶上端中间贯通设置有第二通道，所述第二通道上端螺纹连接有三通接头，所述三通接头上端螺纹连接单向阀，所述三通接头侧面螺纹连接有第二电磁阀。第二电磁阀的出口通过导管连接外瓶的腔体。
优选的，所述内瓶的圆柱面部分的内表面以及外瓶的圆柱面部分的内表面安装各安装一个压力传感器。
优选的，所述单向阀包括阀体、阀芯、弹簧，所述阀体内部安装阀芯，所述弹簧设置在阀芯内部。
优选的，所述第二通道与内瓶内部空间贯通连接。
优选的，所述单向阀为向内瓶充气打开，反向则截止的工作原理。
优选的，所述通道、第二通道均为与储氢瓶一体的凸起的结构。
优选的，所述内外瓶电磁阀、第二电磁阀均为开关电磁阀。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
与对应常规单层瓶相比，双层瓶无需额外增加瓶体材料强度，同时可以有效增加单位体积储氢量和单位质量储氢量。在保持外层瓶尺寸不变的情况下，内层瓶直径越大时储氢瓶整体储氢能力增加，单位体积储存氢气的量越多。与原来常规储氢瓶相比本设计增加了一层内瓶，使内瓶在承受较高压力时而保持较小压差，从而储存更多氢气。根据双层承压结构，本发明设计了配套的单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀，通过单向阀进行充气，借助电控系统控制电磁阀的开闭，在氢气瓶的瓶口阀在气瓶氢气不足时能从外部将氢气充入瓶体内，在汽车需要氢气作为能源时，能及时将氢气排出，供燃料电池反应，提供氢气使燃料电池正常工作。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例的储氢瓶；
图2为本发明的实施例的储氢瓶局部结构图；
图3为本发明的实施例的传感器布置结构图。
图中：储氢瓶1，单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀2，内外瓶电磁阀3，第二通道101，单向阀102，阀芯103，三通接头104，阀体105，第二电磁阀106，弹簧107，通道108。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
参照图1-3，一种新型高压储氢瓶，包括储氢瓶1，储氢瓶1包括外瓶和内瓶；所述内瓶上端安装有单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀2；所述外瓶连接内外瓶电磁阀3；所述储氢瓶1上设置有与内瓶贯通的通道108，所述通道108上通过螺纹连接有内外瓶电磁阀3，所述储氢瓶1上端中间贯通设置有第二通道101，所述第二通道101上端螺纹连接有三通接头104，所述三通接头104上端螺纹连接单向阀102，所述三通接头104侧面螺纹连接有第二电磁阀106。第二电磁阀106的出口通过导管连接外瓶的腔体。
为提高本发明的实用性，所述单向阀102包括阀体105、阀芯103、弹簧107，所述阀体105内部安装阀芯103，所述弹簧107设置在阀芯103内部。
为提高本发明的实用性，所述第二通道101与内瓶内部空间贯通连接。
为提高本发明的实用性，所述单向阀102为向内瓶充气打开，反向则截止的工作原理。
为提高本发明的实用性，所述通道108、第二通道101均为与储氢瓶1一体的凸起的结构。
为提高本发明的实用性，所述内外瓶电磁阀3、第二电磁阀106均为开关电磁阀。
实施例：在单层瓶的基础上增加一个内瓶，将内外腔分隔开。储氢瓶1的单向阀102在储氢瓶1气不足时能从外部将氢气充入瓶体内，在汽车需要氢气作为能源时，能及时将氢气排出，供燃料电池反应。设计的单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀2，通过单向阀102进行充气，借助电控系统控制电磁阀的开闭，提供氢气使燃料电池正常工作；用电磁阀连接内外瓶，根据需求开启或关闭电磁阀满足不同工况。
充气时，高压氢气克服组合阀中的单向阀102的弹簧力，单向阀102打开，氢气进入通道，此时组合阀门的电磁阀没有通电，处于关闭状态，氢气进入内瓶体。继续充气到35MPa(或某一特定压力值)时，瓶体电磁阀线圈通电，阀芯103克服弹簧力上移，第二电磁阀106打开，氢气从通过第二电磁阀106从内腔进入外腔；当外腔布置的压力传感器检测到压力到达35MPa(或某一特定压力值)时，线圈断电，第二电磁阀106关闭；氢气继续向内腔充气，当内腔布置的压力传感器检测到压力达到70MPa(或某一比外腔压力特定值更高的压力值)时，充气完成。或更简单地，一开始高压氢气通过单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀2同步进入内外瓶体知道压力达到35MPa(或某一特定压力值)时，瓶体第二电磁阀106关闭；之后，继续向内腔充氢气直到内腔压力达到70MPa(或某一比外腔压力特定值更高的压力值)。内外瓶电磁阀3用于在内腔压力过大的时候进行泄压。
当燃料电池需要氢气时，通过电控系统使组合阀门电磁阀通电，此时瓶体电磁阀关闭，内腔氢气通过组合阀门电磁阀向外输出；当内腔布置的压力传感器检测到压力降低到35MPa(或某一特定压力值)时，瓶体3电磁阀通电，内外腔压力均为35MPa(或某一特定压力值)；外腔氢气不断补充进入内腔，内腔继续向外提供氢气。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，包括储氢瓶(1)，储氢瓶(1)包括外瓶和内瓶；所述内瓶上端安装有单向阀和电磁阀的组合阀(2)；所述外瓶连接内外瓶电磁阀(3)；所述储氢瓶(1)上设置有与内瓶贯通的通道(108)，所述通道(108)上通过螺纹连接有内外瓶电磁阀(3)，所述储氢瓶(1)上端中间贯通设置有第二通道(101)，所述第二通道(101)上端螺纹连接有三通接头(104)，所述三通接头(104)上端螺纹连接单向阀(102)，所述三通接头(104)侧面螺纹连接有第二电磁阀(106)，第二电磁阀(106)的出口通过导管连接外瓶的腔体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，所述内瓶的圆柱面部分的内表面以及外瓶的圆柱面部分的内表面各安装一个压力传感器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，所述单向阀(102)包括阀体(105)、阀芯(103)、弹簧(107)，所述阀体(105)内部安装阀芯(103)，所述弹簧(107)设置在阀芯(103)内部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，所述第二通道(101)与内瓶内部空间贯通连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，所述单向阀(102)为向内瓶充气打开，反向则截止的工作原理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，所述通道(108)、第二通道(101)均为与储氢瓶(1)一体的凸起的结构。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型高压储氢瓶，其特征在于，所述内外瓶电磁阀(3)、第二电磁阀(106)均为开关电磁阀。
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