CN113482600A - One-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological exploration and mining rock stratum movement monitoring - Google Patents
One-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological exploration and mining rock stratum movement monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN113482600A CN113482600A CN202110847194.9A CN202110847194A CN113482600A CN 113482600 A CN113482600 A CN 113482600A CN 202110847194 A CN202110847194 A CN 202110847194A CN 113482600 A CN113482600 A CN 113482600A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels, core extractors
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/10—Correction of deflected boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
Abstract
A vertical detection drilling hole is arranged at a position where geological detection or supplementary exploration is needed, the hole depth is designed according to the geological detection depth, the hole diameter of the drilling hole is designed according to the minimum hole diameter needed by rock stratum internal motion monitoring, geological detection is firstly carried out after drilling construction, then a hollow grouting drill rod and an in-hole monitoring instrument are slowly and synchronously placed under the condition that the hollow grouting drill rod assists bearing, after the hole bottom is reached, the hole is sealed section by section from the hole bottom to the hole opening through the hollow grouting drill rod, then monitoring cables corresponding to all the monitoring instruments are connected with a ground data acquisition system, and later-stage rock stratum motion monitoring is carried out. The method solves the problem that the coal field geological detection or supplementary exploration and rock stratum movement monitoring in the traditional method need to be independently constructed for drilling, can realize multiple purposes of one hole, improves the utilization rate of the drilling, reduces the comprehensive cost of the drilling, and expands the application range of the mining rock stratum movement monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of borehole detection and monitoring in mining, and particularly relates to a one-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological detection and mining rock stratum movement monitoring.
Background
The coal field geological exploration is necessary work before resource reserve assessment, mine construction, excavation roadway layout and coal seam exploitation, and generally vertical drilling holes are required to be constructed at certain intervals within the range of a coal field for controlling geological conditions and possible abnormal geological changes, and after the geological exploration drilling holes complete corresponding exploration tasks, the holes are usually sealed and abandoned immediately.
The moving damage of overburden strata or rock mass after mining of mines is the root cause of a series of mine disasters and environmental problems such as underground severe mine pressure, water inrush, surface subsidence and the like. In order to master the movement law of the rock stratum and solve a series of mining damage problems caused by mining, the movement monitoring of the overburden rock stratum after mining is carried out is an important basic work, and the common method is realized by constructing a vertical drilling hole on the ground and installing a monitoring instrument in the hole. The vertical drilling needs to be constructed again on the basis of the existing coal field geological detection, namely the traditional method is to separate the coal field geological detection and the mining rock stratum movement monitoring, and the problems of repeated construction drilling and high comprehensive cost exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the one-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological detection and mining rock stratum movement monitoring is provided, after a basic coal field geological detection target is met, the follow-up mining rock stratum movement monitoring is realized by installing a monitoring instrument in a hole, repeated construction drilling is avoided, the comprehensive drilling cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a one-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological detection and mining rock stratum movement monitoring, which comprises the following steps:
a. on the ground of an area needing geological detection or supplementary exploration, corresponding to the arrangement range of an underground stope face, and correspondingly constructing geological detection drill holes or supplementary detection drill holes of a coal field in the stope face range, wherein the detection drill hole position needs to be in consideration of geological detection requirements and moving monitoring requirements of overlying rock layers of the working face;
preferably, in the step a, the detection drill holes are positioned on the corresponding ground within the range of two stoping roadways of the underground stoping working face and are distributed along the length direction of the working face at a certain interval.
b. Determining the final depth H of the exploration drilling hole according to the depth required by geological exploration and the depth of the lowest main coal mining layerz(ii) a Combining the characteristics of coal mining from shallow part to deep part, according to the burial depth H of the main mining coal seam at the shallowest partmDetermining the maximum depth H of the stratum moving monitoring point in the detection boreholec，HcH is less than or equal tomIn general HcSlightly less than Hm(ii) a Detecting rock stratum movement monitoring points in the drill holes, wherein the rock stratum movement monitoring points are all positioned in the rock stratum above the uppermost main mining coal bed; the moving monitoring points of the overlying strata, which are already arranged above the uppermost main mining coal seam, can continuously monitor the moving information of the overlying strata caused by the mining of the deep main mining coal seam in the later period;
c. according to the final depth H of the probe boreholezDetermining a survey borehole aperture DtFinal depth HzLess than 600m, using
Drilling holes with a depth of more than 600m
Drilling; determining the rock stratum according to the number n of rock stratum movement monitoring points, the outer diameter m of the monitoring cable and the maximum outer diameter d of the hollow grouting drill rod, which are arranged under the requirement of rock stratum movement monitoringBorehole diameter D required for mobile monitoringcIn general DcAfter the maximum outer diameter D of the hollow grouting drill rod used for hole sealing is multiplied by 1.5 times, the total number n of the movable monitoring points of the rock stratum is multiplied by the outer diameter m of a single monitoring cable, and then the product is multiplied by 60 percent, namely DcNot less than dX 1.5+ nxm X60%; comparison DtAnd DcThe larger is selected as the final borehole diameter;
preferably, in the exploration drilling construction process, the drilling deflection correction is carried out once every 50m of drilling, and the deflection of the exploration drilling is controlled to be not more than 1 degree per hundred meters.
d. Constructing and detecting a drill hole according to the designed final hole depth and the drill hole diameter and carrying out geological detection; after geological detection, hole wall sweeping and hole bottom sediment cleaning of the whole hole section are carried out, clear water is used for replacing hole protection slurry in the 1/3 hole depth range above the hole bottom, and smoothness in the hole before the rock stratum movement monitoring instrument at each rock stratum movement monitoring point is lowered is guaranteed;
preferably, in step d, coring and logging geological detection are performed.
e. Calculating and detecting the hole depth H of the drill holezMoving the monitoring point depth H from the deepest rock stratum expected to be installedcDifference of difference HdLowering the hollow grouting drill rod to the inner depth H of the detection drill hole by using a drilling machinedThen, taking the state as a new starting point, using the hollow grouting drill rod to carry a monitoring cable containing n rock stratum movement monitoring instruments, and using a drilling machine to lower the hollow grouting drill rod down HcThe depth is up to the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod and reaches the bottom of the detection drill hole, and the rock stratum movement monitoring instrument at the deepest part reaches the hole depth HcAt least one of (1) and (b);
f. from the bottom of a detected drilling hole, utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod to perform full-hole sealing of cement paste from bottom to top until the cement paste rises to a drilling hole opening, and performing hole opening grout supplementing aiming at the descending caused by the solidification of the sealing cement paste to enable the grout surface of the drilling hole opening after sealing to be flush with the ground; and then, connecting monitoring cables corresponding to all the stratum movement monitoring instruments (stratum movement monitoring points) with a ground data acquisition system, and reading information fed back by n underground stratum movement monitoring instruments (stratum movement monitoring points) through the ground data acquisition system to perform stratum movement monitoring.
Preferably, in the step f, the hole sealing cement slurry is formed by mixing loose dry cement and water, wherein the loose dry cement is ordinary portland cement, the strength grade is 42.5R, and the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 0.6: 1.
Preferably, in the step f, during hole sealing, the hole is sealed upwards section by section along with the lifting of the hollow grouting drill rod, the hollow grouting drill rod firstly begins to seal the hole by grouting cement slurry at a position 5m above the hole bottom, the cement slurry outlet at the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod is not higher than the cement slurry surface in the detection drill hole during hole sealing, and the height of each section of disposable hole sealing is not more than 100 m.
Preferably, the geological detection and the rock stratum movement monitoring of the coal seam mining can be carried out successively in a short interval period or at intervals according to the mining time of the stope face.
Furthermore, the interval time of rock stratum movement monitoring of geological exploration and coal seam exploitation is longer than 1 year, a monitoring cable can be reserved in an orifice and protected by a box body, and rock stratum movement monitoring is started 1 month before the position of a to-be-drilled hole is influenced by exploitation.
Has the advantages that: according to the one-hole dual-purpose method, only one drilling hole is constructed to meet the geological detection target of the coal field, and meanwhile, the monitoring instrument for rock stratum movement is installed in the drilling hole, so that the monitoring of rock stratum internal movement during subsequent working face mining is realized. The rock stratum movement monitoring which can be carried out in the later period is taken into consideration when the drilling is designed and constructed, namely, the drilling with the two functions is combined into a whole, the repeated construction drilling is avoided, the comprehensive drilling cost is reduced, and the benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a borehole location;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a drilling structure and implementation;
in the figure, 1-the working face; 2-one of the working face mining roadways; 3-working face stoping roadway two; 4-geological exploration drilling/rock stratum movement monitoring drilling; 5, hollow grouting drill pipes; 6-a rock stratum movement monitoring point/rock stratum movement monitoring instrument; 7-monitoring the cable; 8-cement slurry; 9-ground data acquisition system.
Detailed Description
The following is further described with reference to specific drilling examples:
a one-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological exploration and mining rock stratum movement monitoring comprises the following steps:
a. when a coal field geological detection supplement work needs to be carried out on a certain mine, and a geological detection borehole 4 is constructed, as shown in figure 1, when the position of the geological detection borehole is selected, according to the arrangement condition of a working face 1 in the area at the later stage, the geological detection borehole 4 is constructed between two stoping roadways 2 and 3 (generally, a return air roadway and a transportation roadway) of the working face 1 corresponding to the earth surface and is used as a rock stratum movement monitoring borehole 4 in the mining process of the working face at the later stage, and the geological detection borehole 4 is arranged along the length direction of the working face at a certain interval;
b. the selected geological exploration drilling position is that a main coal mining layer in a stratum has 3 layers, namely C1 coal layers, C2 coal layers and C3 coal layers from shallow to deep, the burial depths of the bottom plates of the coal layers are 500m, 540m and 700m respectively, and geological exploration needs to reach the deepest C3 coal layer; mining C1 coal seam first, and geologically detecting drilling depth HzIt is generally required to penetrate the deepest coal seam and reach the lower 20m, i.e. 720 m; performing stratum movement monitoring on the stratum at the upper part of the first-mined C1 coal seam, and monitoring the drilling depth H by the stratum movementmIs 500 m;
c. the depth of the geological exploration drilling hole 4 exceeds 600m, and the diameter of the drilling hole needs to reach 91 mm; the number n of the movable rock stratum monitoring points 6 required to be arranged in the movable rock stratum monitoring drill hole is 6, the outer diameter m of the monitoring cable 7 is 10mm, the maximum outer diameter D of the hollow grouting drill rod 5 is 50mm, and the aperture D required by the movable rock stratum monitoring drill holecWhen the diameter is more than or equal to dX 1.5+ nxm multiplied by 60 percent, the diameter is 111mm and more than 91mm, and the diameter D of the geological exploration drilling hole 4 istFinally selecting 111 mm;
in the drilling construction process of the geological exploration drilling hole 4, the deviation of the drilling hole is corrected once every 50m of drilling, and the deviation of the geological exploration drilling hole is controlled to be not more than 1 degree per hundred meters.
d. Coring is carried out in the construction process of the geological exploration drilling 4, and after the construction is finished (figure 2a), geological exploration such as well logging and the like is carried out; then hole wall hole sweeping and hole bottom sediment cleaning are carried out on the whole hole section, clear water is used for replacing hole protection slurry within a range of 240m above the hole bottom, and the smoothness of the hole is ensured before rock stratum movement monitoring instruments at rock stratum movement monitoring points are lowered;
e. calculating to obtain the depth H of the geological exploration drilling holezMoving the monitoring point depth H from the deepest rock stratum expected to be installedcDifference of difference HdAfter the hollow grouting hole drill rod 5 is lowered into the geological detection drill hole for 220m by a drilling machine for 220m (fig. 2b), taking the state as a new starting point, sequentially carrying monitoring cables 7 (fig. 2c) containing a rock stratum movement monitoring instrument by the hollow grouting drill rod 5, lowering the hollow grouting drill rod 5 by the drilling machine for 500m, and enabling the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod 5 to reach the bottom 720m of the geological detection drill hole, wherein the rock stratum movement monitoring instrument 6 at the deepest depth reaches the hole depth of 500m (fig. 2 d);
f. starting from 720m of the bottom of a geological exploration drilling hole, utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod 5 to perform full-hole sealing of cement paste 8 from bottom to top until the cement paste rises to the hole opening of the drilling hole, and performing hole opening grout supplementing aiming at the descending caused by the solidified sealing cement paste to enable the grout surface of the hole opening of the drilling hole after sealing to be flush with the ground; the hole sealing cement paste is formed by mixing loose dry cement and water, wherein the loose dry cement is ordinary portland cement, the strength grade is 42.5R, and the water-cement ratio of the cement paste is 0.6: 1. During hole sealing, the holes are sealed upwards section by section along with the lifting of the hollow grouting drill rod, the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod 5 firstly lifts the position 5m above the hole bottom, the hole sealing is started by grouting with cement slurry 8, the cement slurry outlet at the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod 5 is not higher than the cement slurry surface in the drill hole during hole sealing, and the height of each section of one-step hole sealing is not more than 100m (fig. 2 e). After the completion of the sealing and solidification for 72 hours, all the formation movement monitoring cables 7 are connected to the surface data acquisition system 9 (fig. 2 f). And reading information fed back by n underground rock stratum movement monitoring points through a ground data acquisition system 9 to perform rock stratum movement monitoring.
If the interval time between the detection work of the geological detection drilling hole and the rock stratum movement monitoring carried out by the actual coal seam mining is more than 1 year, the monitoring cable 7 can be reserved at the hole opening of the drilling hole and protected by the box body, and the rock stratum movement monitoring work is started 1 month before the drilling position is about to be influenced by the mining.
Claims (7)
1. A one-hole dual-purpose method for coal field geological exploration and mining rock stratum movement monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. on the ground of an area needing geological detection or supplementary exploration, corresponding to the arrangement range of an underground stope face, and correspondingly constructing geological detection drill holes or supplementary detection drill holes of a coal field in the stope face range, wherein the detection drill hole position needs to be in consideration of geological detection requirements and moving monitoring requirements of overlying rock layers of the working face;
b. determining the final depth H of the exploration drilling hole according to the depth required by geological exploration and the depth of the lowest main coal mining layerz(ii) a Combining the characteristics of coal mining from shallow part to deep part, according to the burial depth H of the main mining coal seam at the shallowest partmDetermining the maximum depth H of the stratum moving monitoring point in the detection boreholec，HcH is less than or equal tom(ii) a Detecting rock stratum movement monitoring points in the drill holes, wherein the rock stratum movement monitoring points are all positioned in the rock stratum above the uppermost main mining coal bed; the method comprises the following steps that (1) moving monitoring points of the rock stratum arranged above the uppermost main mining coal seam continue to monitor moving information of the overlying rock stratum caused by mining of the deep main mining coal seam in the later period;
c. according to the final depth H of the probe boreholezDetermining a survey borehole aperture DtFinal depth HzLess than 600m, using
Drilling holes with a depth of more than 600m
Drilling; determining the diameter D of a drill hole required by rock stratum movement monitoring according to the number n of rock stratum movement monitoring points arranged under the rock stratum movement monitoring requirement, the outer diameter m of a monitoring cable and the maximum outer diameter D of a hollow grouting drill rodc，DcAfter the maximum outer diameter D of the hollow grouting drill rod used for hole sealing is multiplied by 1.5 times, the total number n of the movable monitoring points of the rock stratum is multiplied by the outer diameter m of a single monitoring cable, and then the product is multiplied by 60 percent, namely DcNot less than dX 1.5+ nxm X60%; comparison DtAnd DcThe larger the size of (2), the larger the size of (2)As the final borehole diameter;
d. constructing and detecting a drill hole according to the designed final hole depth and the drill hole diameter and carrying out geological detection; after geological detection, hole wall sweeping and hole bottom sediment cleaning of the whole hole section are carried out, clear water is used for replacing hole protection slurry in the 1/3 hole depth range above the hole bottom, and smoothness in the hole before the rock stratum movement monitoring instrument at each rock stratum movement monitoring point is lowered is guaranteed;
e. calculating and detecting the hole depth H of the drill holezMoving the monitoring point depth H from the deepest rock stratum expected to be installedcDifference of difference HdLowering the hollow grouting drill rod to the inner depth H of the detection drill hole by using a drilling machinedThen, taking the state as a new starting point, using the hollow grouting drill rod to carry a monitoring cable containing n rock stratum movement monitoring instruments, and using a drilling machine to lower the hollow grouting drill rod down HcThe depth is up to the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod and reaches the bottom of the detection drill hole, and the rock stratum movement monitoring instrument at the deepest part reaches the hole depth HcAt least one of (1) and (b);
f. from the bottom of a detected drilling hole, utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod to perform full-hole sealing of cement paste from bottom to top until the cement paste rises to a drilling hole opening, and performing hole opening grout supplementing aiming at the descending caused by the solidification of the sealing cement paste to enable the grout surface of the drilling hole opening after sealing to be flush with the ground; and then, connecting monitoring cables corresponding to all the stratum movement monitoring points with a ground data acquisition system, and reading information fed back by n underground stratum movement monitoring points through the ground data acquisition system to perform stratum movement monitoring.
2. A dual use method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the detection drill holes are positioned on the corresponding ground within the range of two stoping roadways of the underground stoping working face and are distributed along the length direction of the working face at a certain interval.
3. A dual use method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step c, in the detection drilling construction process, the deviation of the drill hole is corrected once every 50m of drilling, and the deviation of the detection drill hole per hundred meters is controlled to be not more than 1 degree.
4. A dual use method according to claim 1, wherein: and d, coring and logging geological detection.
5. A dual use method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step f, the hole sealing cement paste is formed by mixing loose dry cement and water, wherein the loose dry cement is ordinary portland cement, the strength grade is 42.5R, and the water cement ratio of the cement paste is 0.6: 1.
6. A dual use method of a bore according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: and f, during hole sealing, upwards sealing the holes section by section along with the lifting of the hollow grouting drill rod, wherein the hollow grouting drill rod firstly lifts the position 5m above the hole bottom to begin to seal the holes by grouting cement paste, the cement paste outlet at the bottom end of the hollow grouting drill rod is not higher than the cement paste surface in the detection drill hole during hole sealing, and the height of each section of one-step hole sealing is not more than 100 m.
7. A dual use method according to claim 1, wherein: the interval time of rock stratum movement monitoring of geological exploration and coal seam mining is more than 1 year, and the monitoring cable is reserved in the hole opening and protected by the box body, and rock stratum movement monitoring is started 1 month before the position of a to-be-drilled hole is influenced by mining.
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