CN113475635A - 一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料 - Google Patents
一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，所述添加剂组合物由1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物10‑50mg/kg、4,,5,7‑三羟基异黄酮1‑50mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁100‑1000 mg/kg、甘氨酸锌100‑500mg/kg、维生素A 10‑2000KIU/kg、维生素E 10‑50mg/kg、维生素C 1‑50mg/kg。本发明同时还提供该添加剂使用方法。添加该组合物的添加剂预混料，比单一添加任意一种单一成分，效果更好，从而减少每一种添加剂的用量，从而节约成本。使用该添加剂预混料能显著提高母猪血浆总抗氧化能力，降低了母猪脂质过氧化程度，提高了母猪抵抗氧化损伤的能力，从而缓解母猪氧化应激。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂预混料技术领域，具体涉及一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料。
背景技术
氧化应激是指机体内各种自由基产生和清除动态平衡系统失调引起的一系列适应性的反应。在实际生产中，很多因素可导致产生过剩自由基，如高温、驱赶、饥饿、疫苗、消毒、疾病、饲料抗营养因子、霉菌毒素、营养水平不平衡、养殖环境差等。这些自由基不能被有效清除，机体的自由基稳态就遭到破坏，产生氧化应激，导致很多脂类分解产物形成，这些产物能引起细胞代谢及功能障碍，甚至引起细胞死亡，进而影响动物健康水平与生产性能。
氧化应激会降低母猪的繁殖性能，使母猪的产仔性能和泌乳性能下降，仔猪成活率下降。通常认为是自由基攻击卵母细胞，制约其成熟，影响卵子与精子的结合和受精，同时延缓受精卵的运动和着床前的有丝分裂，降低受精卵桑葚胚在子宫壁的浸润，迟胚胎着床。过剩自由基还会制约胚胎发育，导致胚胎宫内发育迟缓，降低母猪的产仔数，增加弱仔、死胎的比例，使初生仔猪的活力不够。同时母体的分娩应激还耗竭母猪基础生理能量储备，产生大量的自由基，若不及时缓解，会导致生殖道炎症，增加机体代谢负担，降低乳腺细胞有效摄入营养物质和生物活性分子的效率，泌乳量差，同时增加乳中炎性因子，减少乳中免疫蛋白分子含量，仔猪拉稀发病率上升，降低哺乳仔猪的生长性能和哺乳期的成活率，使母猪的泌乳潜力不能充分发挥，导致仔猪存活率降低。要根本解决母猪氧化应激问题必须消除母猪有机体内过剩的自由基。
专利申请201610420524.5公开一种提高抗氧化功能猪饲料添加剂，添加剂组分由人用食品、酶组成，包括红枣、大麦芽、桂圆肉、生姜、南瓜、甘蔗汁、大蒜、葡萄皮渣、甘草、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、酵母菌。专利申请201611250824.X公开一种生猪抗应激制剂及其制备方法，其制剂组成主要有中药、酶和氨基酸，包括木香、枳实、文术、陈皮、大黄、黄芪、黄芩、金银花、山楂、生麦芽、党参、葡萄糖氧化酶、甘露聚糖酶、5-氨基-乙酰丙酸、牛磺酸。两项专利申请内容中其抗氧化作用的成分太笼统、不明确，机理不清楚。
专利申请201510484439.0公开一种抗猪热应激的饲料添加剂，其主要成分为发酵型富硒植物性饲料，具体起作用的成分也不清楚。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题提供一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，该添加剂预混料能显著缓解母猪氧化应激反应，改善母猪的繁殖性能，使母猪的产仔性能、仔猪成活率都得以提高。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供的一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，所述添加剂组合物由1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物、4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮、甘氨酸亚铁、甘氨酸锌、维生素A、维生素E、维生素C组成。
本发明所述载体为石粉、沸石粉、麸皮、玉米淀粉中的一种或几种混合。
本发明所述添加剂组合物中各成分的添加量为1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物10-50mg/kg、4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮1-50mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁100-1000mg/kg、甘氨酸锌100-500mg/kg、维生素A 10-2000KIU/kg、维生素E10-50mg/kg、维生素C 1-50mg/kg
本发明中所述添加剂组合物组份1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物结构式如下所示：
M＝Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe
金属铜、锌、锰、铁是动物必须的微量元素，通常以无机物形势添加。在本发明中制成氨基酸的可溶性螯合物，一方面提高生物利用率，较少对环境的污染；另一方面，将金属离子与硒代蛋氨酸形成分子内螯合物，其优点在于：一是螯合物分子水溶性好；二是将硒和营养所需的其它金属元素制备成一个稳定的分子，在肠道和挥发性瘤胃环境中稳定。相对于硒代蛋氨酸而言，克服了硒代蛋氨酸不溶于水、容易被还原和拮抗、被微生物降解的缺点；更为重要的是促进金属和硒代蛋氨酸协同作用，提高利用率，从而减少浪费。1：1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物通过增强机体的抗氧化能力以阻止脂质过氧化过程产生的恶化反应，硒作为GSH-Px的主要成分，在清除体内自由基、保护细胞膜完整性等方面具有显著作用。
4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮为多酚类物质，能提供氢质子与体内自由基结合，达到清除自由基的目的，并在与自由基反应的过程中，形成分子内氢键，抑制自由基的链式反应，在体内外均能与自由基反应使之生成相应的离子和分子，可抑制自由基的产生，清除、熄灭自由基，终止自由基的连锁反应，能促进抗氧化酶的分泌，抑制脂质过氧化。铁会影响母猪机体的正常代谢及抗氧化性能，增大其对氧化应激的敏感度。锌可有效降低机体一氧化氮(NO)自由基含量，减少其对机体的氧化损伤作用。维生素A、E、C缓解母猪机体氧化应激方面发挥重要作用，维生素A可以有效地调控ARA和NO的生成从而提高母猪机体抗氧化；维生素C的结构类似葡萄糖，是一种多羟基化合物，其分子中存在两个相邻的烯醇式羟基，维生素E也是含有酚羟基的化合物，因此他们都是有效的抗氧化剂，是组织和细胞抗氧化防御系统的重要组成部分。
本发明提供的缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料的使用方法，分别按照、1-10kg/吨的比例添加全价配合饲料中即可。
本发明的优点及有益效果：由生物活性物质组成的组合物，其作用不是各组分的简单叠加，而是其各组分协同作用，添加该组合物的添加剂预混料，比单一添加任意一种单一成分，效果更好，从而减少每一种添加剂的用量，从而节约成本。
具体实施方式
以下列举具体实施例对本发明进行说明，实施例只用于对本发明作进一步说明，不代表本发明的保护范围，其他人根据本发明做出的非本质的修改和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其组合物中，1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合锌氯化物10mg/kg，4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮30mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁1000mg/kg、甘氨酸锌500mg/kg、维生素A2000 KIU/kg、维生素E50 mg/kg、维生素C1mg/kg，载体为玉米淀粉，混合均匀，按照2kg/吨的比例添加到全价配合饲料中。
实施例2
一种缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其组合物中，1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合亚铁溴化物50mg/kg，4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮1mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁100mg/kg、甘氨酸锌300mg/kg、维生素A 10KIU/kg、维生素E 30mg/kg、维生素C 50mg/kg，载体为石粉，混合均匀，按照10kg/吨的比例添加到全价配合饲料中。
实施例3
一种缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其组合物中，1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合锌硫酸氢盐30mg/kg，4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮50mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁200mg/kg、甘氨酸锌300mg/kg、维生素A 800KIU/kg、维生素E 20mg/kg、维生素C 30mg/kg，载体为麸皮，混合均匀，按照5kg/吨的比例添加到全价配合饲料中。
实施例4
一种缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其组合物中，1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合铜溴化物20mg/kg，4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮30mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁800mg/kg、甘氨酸锌200mg/kg、维生素A 1000KIU/kg、维生素E 40mg/kg、维生素C20mg/kg，载体为沸石粉，混合均匀，按照4kg/吨的比例添加到全价配合饲料中。
实施例5
一种缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其组合物中，1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合锌氟化物40mg/kg，4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮20mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁500mg/kg、甘氨酸锌300mg/kg、维生素A1500 KIU/kg、维生素E30 mg/kg、维生素C 20mg/kg，载体为玉米淀粉，混合均匀，按照8kg/吨的比例添加到全价配合饲料中。
实施例6
一种缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其组合物中，1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合锰氯化物30mg/kg，4′,5,7-三羟基异黄酮40mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁200mg/kg、甘氨酸锌400mg/kg、维生素A1200 KIU/kg、维生素E30 mg/kg、维生素C 40mg/kg，载体为麸皮，混合均匀，按照5kg/吨的比例添加到全价配合饲料中。
应用实施例
试验场地为广西南宁某种猪场，选择品种一致、遗传背景相近、预产期接近的2-3胎长×大二元杂交母猪40头，随机分为对照组和实验组，每个组20头母猪，每个组5个重复，每个重复4头母猪，试验期从娠后60天至分娩后7天，采用单因子实验设计，分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和基础日粮+5％缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料(试验组)，基础日粮配方按照中国猪营养需要要求配制，试验猪环境条件一致，并按常规饲养、保健、免疫并做好环境的清洁卫生。
指标测定主要包括：记录平均产仔数、平均活仔数、均初生窝重、均初生个体重；测定母猪血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性，所有操作均按照试剂盒说明进行，数据分析方法和处理用本领域通用的方法。
对比组与试验组窝平均产仔数、平均活仔数、均初生窝重、均初生个体重的结果见表1：
表1母猪产仔情况
| 对照组 | 试验组 | |
| 试验母猪数(头) | 20 | 20 |
| 平均产仔数(头) | 11.32<sup>b</sup> | 12.76<sup>a</sup> |
| 平均活仔数(头) | 11.21<sup>b</sup> | 12.58<sup>a</sup> |
| 均初生窝重(千克) | 14.27 | 14.96 |
| 均初生个体重(千克) | 1.23 | 1.52 |
注：同行数据肩不标字母表示差异不显著(P＞0.05)，标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)
从表1中可以看出：试验组能够显著提高平均产仔数、平均活仔数，产仔数和活仔数均提高1头以上，差异极其显著(P＜0.01)。在初生窝重、初生个体重也有一定提高。表明本发明公开的缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料饲对母猪产仔性能、仔猪成活率都得以提高，即生产性能有明显的改善效果。
对比组与试验组母猪血浆抗氧化指标：T-AOC、MDA含量、CAT活性的影响见表2：
表2母猪血浆抗氧化指标
| 对照组 | 试验组 | |
| 试验母猪数(头) | 20 | 20 |
| T-AOC/U.mL<sup>-1</sup> | 2.04±0.17 | 3.45±0.35<sup>a</sup> |
| MDA/nmol.mL<sup>-1</sup> | 2.98±0.21 | 2.05±0.13<sup>a</sup> |
| CAT/U.mL<sup>-1</sup> | 2.01±0.13 | 2.64±0.21 |
注：同行数据肩不标字母表示差异不显著(P＞0.05)，标注不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)
由表2可知，试验组母猪血浆T-AOC提高，MDA含量下降，CAT活性提高。表明本发明公开的缓解母猪氧化应激添加剂预混料饲对提高了母猪血浆总抗氧化能力，降低了母猪脂质过氧化程度，提高了母猪抵抗氧化损伤的能力有很好的效果。
Claims (5)
1.一种缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，包括载体和添加剂组合物，其特征在于：所述添加剂组合物由1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物、4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮、甘氨酸亚铁、甘氨酸锌、维生素A、维生素E、维生素C组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，其特征在于：所述添加剂组合物中1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物中金属为二价金属铜、锌、锰、铁，阴离子为负一价的氟离子、氯离子、溴离子、硫酸氢根离子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，其特征在于：所述添加剂组合物中各成分的添加量为1:1型硒代蛋氨酸金属螯合物10-50mg/kg、4’,5,7-三羟基异黄酮1-50mg/kg、甘氨酸亚铁100-1000mg/kg、甘氨酸锌100-500mg/kg、维生素A 10-2000KIU/kg、维生素E 10-50mg/kg、维生素C 1-50mg/kg。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，其特征在于：所述载体为石粉、沸石粉、麸皮、玉米淀粉中的一种或几种混合。
5.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的缓解母猪氧化应激的添加剂预混料，其特征在于：所述的预混料按照1-10kg/吨的比例添加于全价饲料中。
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