CN113475210A - Non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method for moso bamboo shoots - Google Patents
Non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method for moso bamboo shoots Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-uniform point-hitting type fertilization method for a moso bamboo shoot forest, which belongs to the technical field of bamboo forest fertilization and comprises the following steps: 1) the spacing between the fertilizing holes is determined to be 2.0 m-2.5 m, and about 1800 fertilizing holes are randomly selected per hectare. 2) Digging non-uniform fertilizing holes: under the requirement of the fertilization hole spacing in the step 1, according to the distribution condition of bamboo plants in the moso bamboo forest, avoiding physical factors such as bamboo pockets, bamboo rhizome biological factors and large stones, and randomly digging fertilization holes. 3) Fertilizing time and fertilizing amount: the fertilizer is applied for three times, and the first fertilization is carried out in 5 months; fertilizing for the second time in 9 months; the third fertilization is carried out in 12 months. The invention is a high-efficiency ecological fertilizing method, which can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, save labor force, improve the productivity of forest land and reduce the loss of surface runoff nutrients of bamboo forest land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilization of bamboo forests, and particularly relates to a non-uniform point-hitting type fertilization method for a forest for moso bamboo shoots.
Background
Mao bamboo (A)Phyllostachys heterocycla) Is a single-axis scattered type evergreen arbor-shaped bamboo plant of Phyllostachys of Gramineae, and belongs to distribution in forest resources of ChinaThe most extensive, largest area and most use bamboo species, and has very high economic and ecological benefits. In the production and operation of the moso bamboo shoot forest, the main target products are bamboo shoots (including winter bamboo shoots and spring bamboo shoots), and a large amount of forest land nutrients can be brought away by digging the bamboo shoots, so that the nutrients of the moso bamboo forest need to be supplemented by applying fertilizer, and the benefit of the moso bamboo forest is improved.
At present, two methods of broadcast application and furrow application are mainly adopted in the fertilization of the phyllostachys edulis forest, so that the nutrient utilization rate is not high, and the serious fertilization non-point source pollution can be caused. Research shows that the contents of Total Nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and Total Phosphorus (TP) in surface runoff water in different fertilization modes in the same rainfall show that: broadcast application > furrow application > hole application > control. Therefore, in order to improve the economic and ecological benefits of the phyllostachys edulis forest, a high-efficiency ecological fertilizing method must be developed. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional bamboo forest broadcasting application, wherein in fig. 1: 1 represents bamboo plant, 2 represents full-coverage fertilization. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a moso bamboo forest ditch, and in fig. 3: 1 represents bamboo plant, 5 represents fertilizing ditch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency ecological non-uniform point-hitting fertilization method for a moso bamboo shoot forest, and solves the existing problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: forest for moso bamboo shoots
The non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method comprises the following steps:
1) determining the distance between the fertilizing holes to be 2.0 m-2.5 m, and randomly selecting 1800 fertilizing holes per hectare; 2) randomly digging non-uniform fertilizing holes: under the requirement of the fertilization hole spacing in the step 1, randomly digging fertilization holes according to the distribution condition of bamboo plants in the moso bamboo forest by avoiding physical factors such as bamboo pockets, bamboo rhizome biological factors, large stones and the like; 3) fertilizing time and fertilizing amount: the fertilizer is applied for three times, and the first fertilization is carried out in 5 months; fertilizing for the second time in 9 months; the third fertilization is carried out in 12 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is a high-efficiency ecological fertilizing method, which can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, save labor force, improve the productivity of forest land and reduce the loss of surface runoff nutrients of bamboo forest land.
Drawings
The following compares the traditional spreading, furrow application and non-uniform point-hitting type fertilization (the invention) of the moso bamboo forest with the attached drawings, and describes the invention in detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional bamboo forest;
in fig. 1: 1 represents bamboo plant, 2 represents full-coverage fertilization.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of non-uniform hole-hitting fertilization of a moso bamboo forest;
in fig. 2: 1 represents a bamboo plant, 2-1 represents a short furrow shaped fertilizing hole, 2-2 represents a wrong demonstration of the short furrow shaped fertilizing hole, 3-1 represents a crescent shaped fertilizing hole, 3-2 represents a wrong demonstration of the crescent shaped fertilizing hole, and 4 represents a cake shaped fertilizing hole.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bamboo forest applied in a ditch;
in fig. 3: 1 represents bamboo plant, 5 represents fertilizing ditch.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of analysis of spatial correlation between fertilization site locations and new bamboo branches.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present patent, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present patent and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of non-uniform hole-hitting fertilization of a phyllostachys pubescens forest, wherein in fig. 2: 1 represents a bamboo plant, 2-1 represents a short furrow shaped fertilizing hole, 2-2 represents a wrong demonstration of the short furrow shaped fertilizing hole, 3-1 represents a crescent shaped fertilizing hole, 3-2 represents a wrong demonstration of the crescent shaped fertilizing hole, and 4 represents a cake shaped fertilizing hole.
The invention provides a non-uniform point-hitting type fertilization method for a moso bamboo shoot forest, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining the fertilization hole spacing:
through the analysis of the spatial correlation between the fertilization point position and the new bamboo division (figure 4), the significant level of positive correlation is achieved within the scale range of 0.6-1.2m, and the efficient scale of nutrient transportation of the bamboo forest is about 1 m. Accordingly, in order to fully utilize the clone integration effect of the moso bamboo forest nutrient and exert a mechanism of low consumption and high profit, the space between fertilizing holes is determined to be 2.0 m-2.5 m according to the requirement of the high-efficiency transmission scale of the moso bamboo shoot for the forest nutrient, and about 1800 fertilizing holes are randomly selected per hectare.
2) Randomly digging non-uniform fertilizing holes:
under the condition of homogeneous growth environment, the spatial distribution pattern of the moso bamboo forest presents random distribution. Accordingly, the selection of the fertilizing holes in the phyllostachys pubescens forest is performed randomly. Under the condition of ensuring that the distance between fertilizing holes is 2.0 m-2.5 m, according to the distribution condition of bamboo plants in the phyllostachys pubescens forest, avoiding the physical factors such as bamboo pockets, bamboo rhizome biological factors and large stones, and randomly digging fertilizing holes. See table 1 for details.
Table 1: fertilizer application hole specification recommendation table under different conditions
3) Fertilization time and fertilizer amount
The fertilizer is applied for three times:
fertilizing for the first time:
and in the period of changing leaves and moving penis for 5 months, the maximum efficiency of nutrients to the bamboo forest is exerted, namely the maximum efficiency period of the nutrients. The recommended fertilizing amount is 375-412.5kg/hm2 of urea, 450-517.5kg/hm2 of calcium superphosphate and 90-120kg/hm2 of potassium chloride.
Fertilizing for the second time:
and the differentiation period of the bamboo shoot buds in 9 months ensures the critical requirement of the bamboo forest on nutrients, namely the first nutrient critical period. Recommended fertilizer application amounts are 115-125kg/hm2 of urea, 155kg/hm2 of calcium superphosphate and 27-36kg/hm2 of potassium chloride.
Fertilizing for the third time:
and (3) during the 12-month bamboo shoot incubation period, the critical requirement of the bamboo forest on nutrients is guaranteed, namely the second nutrient critical period. The recommended fertilizing amount is 900kg/hm2 of organic fertilizer, which not only provides nutrients for bamboo forest, but also improves soil conditions, and simultaneously has the function of warming and overwintering.
From 2 months in 2018 to 4 months in 2020, the inventor performs experiments in the Zhejiang Lishui tunnel Chang Sanren Xiangzhu forest base;
selecting a moso bamboo shoot forest with basically the same slope, soil nutrient, moisture condition and the like in a moso bamboo base, and setting a contrast experiment between non-uniform point-type fertilization (the invention) and spreading, furrow application and contrast (no fertilization); each contrast cell area is 100m2. Management is likewise identical or substantially identical except for fertilization.
One time, broadcast application
The full-coverage uniform spreading is carried out in the sample plot.
Second, furrow application
Ditching along the horizontal direction, wherein the distance between horizontal belts is 2-3 m, the depth of the ditch is 20 cm, the width of the ditch is 20 cm, fertilizer is uniformly applied into the ditch, and soil returning and covering are carried out.
Three, non-uniform point-hitting type fertilizer (the invention)
1) Determining the fertilization hole spacing:
through the analysis of the spatial correlation between the fertilization point position and the new bamboo division (figure 1), the significant level of positive correlation is achieved within the scale range of 0.6-1.2m, and the efficient scale of nutrient transportation of the bamboo forest is about 1 m. Accordingly, in order to fully utilize the clone integration effect of the moso bamboo forest nutrient and exert a mechanism of low consumption and high profit, the space between fertilizing holes is determined to be 2.0 m-2.5 m according to the requirement of the high-efficiency transmission scale of the moso bamboo shoot for the forest nutrient, and about 1800 fertilizing holes are randomly selected per hectare.
2) Randomly digging non-uniform fertilizing holes:
under the condition of homogeneous growth environment, the spatial distribution pattern of the moso bamboo forest presents random distribution. Accordingly, the selection of the fertilizing holes in the phyllostachys pubescens forest is performed randomly. Under the condition of ensuring that the distance between fertilizing holes is 2.0 m-2.5 m, according to the distribution condition of bamboo plants in the phyllostachys pubescens forest, avoiding the physical factors such as bamboo pockets, bamboo rhizome biological factors and large stones, and randomly digging fertilizing holes. See table 1 for details.
Table 1: fertilizer application hole specification recommendation table under different conditions
3) Fertilization time and fertilizer amount
The fertilizer is applied for three times:
fertilizing for the first time:
5 months and 15 days, the fertilizing amount is 375-412.5kg/hm of urea2450-517.5kg/hm of superphosphate290-120kg/hm of potassium chloride2。
Fertilizing for the second time:
9 months and 15 days, the fertilizing amount is 115-125kg/hm of urea2Calcium superphosphate 136-155kg/hm227-36kg/hm of potassium chloride2。
Fertilizing for the third time:
the fertilizer application amount is 900kg/hm of organic fertilizer in 12 months and 15 days2。
Comparison (No fertilizer)
Runoff of plots under different fertilization management from 6 months to 9 months in 2018 is collected and analyzed, and the yield of moso bamboos and bamboo shoots in 2020 is calculated, and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2 Total nutrient loss in sample plot runoff under different fertilization management in experiment
From the total nutrient loss in the runoff of the plots under different fertilization management in the experiment (table 2), the contents of Total Nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), and Total Phosphorus (TP) in different treatments are shown as broadcast application > furrow application > spot fertilization > control. The non-uniform point-hitting fertilization method for the phyllostachys pubescens forests can reduce the loss of nutrients of the bamboo forests, so that the pollution to the environment is reduced.
TABLE 3 yield of field bamboo shoot under different fertilization management in experiment
From the yield of the bamboo shoots in the sample field under different fertilization management in the experiment (table 3), the yields of the winter bamboo shoots, the spring bamboo shoots and the bamboo shoots in different treatments are shown as point-hole fertilization > furrow application > broadcast application > comparison. The non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method for the phyllostachys pubescens forests can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, so that the economic effect of the phyllostachys pubescens forests is increased.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method of the moso bamboo shoot forest is characterized by comprising the following steps
The method comprises the following steps:
1) determining the distance between the fertilizing holes to be 2.0 m-2.5 m, and randomly selecting 1800 fertilizing holes per hectare; 2) randomly digging non-uniform fertilizing holes: under the requirement of the fertilization hole spacing in the step 1, randomly digging fertilization holes according to the distribution condition of bamboo plants in the moso bamboo forest by avoiding physical factors such as bamboo pockets, bamboo rhizome biological factors, large stones and the like; 3) fertilizing time and fertilizing amount: the fertilizer is applied for three times, and the first fertilization is carried out in 5 months; fertilizing for the second time in 9 months; the third fertilization is carried out in 12 months.
2. The non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method of a phyllostachys pubescens shoot forest according to claim 1, wherein the step 1) is to determine the fertilization hole spacing,
through the analysis of spatial correlation between the fertilization point and the new phyllostachys pubescens branch, the positive correlation level is achieved within the scale range of 0.6-1.2m, the efficient scale of nutrient transportation of the phyllostachys pubescens forest is indicated to be 0.95-1.05m, accordingly, in order to fully utilize the clone integration effect of nutrients of the phyllostachys pubescens forest and exert a mechanism of low consumption and high profit, the space between fertilization holes is determined to be 2.0 m-2.5 m according to the efficient transmission scale requirement of nutrients of the phyllostachys pubescens forest, and about 1800 fertilization holes are randomly selected per hectare.
3. The non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method of a phyllostachys pubescens forest for bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: step 2) randomly digging non-uniform fertilizing holes,
under the condition of homogeneous growth environment, the spatial distribution pattern of the moso bamboo forest presents random distribution, and according to the selection of fertilizing holes in the moso bamboo forest, under the condition of ensuring that the distance between the fertilizing holes is 2.0 m-2.5 m, according to the distribution condition of bamboo plants in the moso bamboo forest, the physical factors of bamboo bags, bamboo rhizome biological factors, large stone heads and the like are avoided, and the fertilizing holes are randomly dug and taken, and the specific details are shown in a table 1:
table 1: fertilizer application hole specification recommendation table under different conditions
4. The non-uniform hole-hitting fertilization method of a phyllostachys pubescens forest as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that:
step 2) randomly digging non-uniform fertilizer in the phyllostachys edulis forest according to the distribution of bamboo plants in the phyllostachys edulis forest by referring to actual factors;
the practical factors comprise the density condition of local bamboo plant distribution and the slope condition of the bamboo forest land.
5. The non-uniform hole-hitting type fertilization method of a phyllostachys pubescens forest for bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that:
the fertilizer in the step 2) is applied for three times:
fertilizing for the first time:
in the period of changing leaves and promoting penis growth for 5 months, the maximum efficiency of nutrients to the bamboo forest is exerted, namely the maximum efficiency period of the nutrients, and the recommended fertilizing amount is 375-4 of urea12.5kg/hm2450-517.5kg/hm of superphosphate290-120kg/hm of potassium chloride2;
Fertilizing for the second time:
the differentiation period of the shoot buds in 9 months ensures the critical requirement of the bamboo forest on nutrients, namely the first critical nutrient period, and the recommended fertilizing amount is 115-year urea and 125kg/hm2Calcium superphosphate 136-155kg/hm227-36kg/hm of potassium chloride2;
Fertilizing for the third time:
a 12-month bamboo shoot incubation period, ensuring the critical requirement of the bamboo forest on nutrients, namely a second nutrient critical period, and recommending the fertilizing amount to be 900kg/hm of organic fertilizer2It not only provides nutrients for bamboo forest, but also improves soil condition, and at the same time it also has the action of raising temp. and overwintering.
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