CN113472202B - 低功率消耗的保护电路 - Google Patents

低功率消耗的保护电路 Download PDF

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CN113472202B
CN113472202B CN202010211652.5A CN202010211652A CN113472202B CN 113472202 B CN113472202 B CN 113472202B CN 202010211652 A CN202010211652 A CN 202010211652A CN 113472202 B CN113472202 B CN 113472202B
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voltage
control module
unit
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CN113472202A (zh
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陈伏松
陈麒钧
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Chicony Power Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40Testing power supplies
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

低功率消耗的保护电路包含一负载检测模块、一二次侧回授控制模块以及一一次侧控制模块。负载检测模块耦接一电流检测单元。二次侧回授控制模块耦接负载检测模块与一隔离单元。一次侧控制模块耦接隔离单元与一隔离开关。当负载检测模块检测到电流检测单元输出一电压准位时,二次侧回授控制模块经由隔离单元传送一保护信号至一次侧控制模块。

Description

低功率消耗的保护电路
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种保护电路,尤其是一种低功率消耗的保护电路。
背景技术
现在电子产品呈现爆炸式的成长,且所需求的输入电压种类繁多。为了满足各种电子产品运作所需的不同电压,而开发出可支持多组输出电压的电源输送装置(PD,PowerDelivery),并且电源输送装置于不同的输出电压准位均需符合限功率电源(LPS,LimitedPower Source)的规范。
然而,在产品出厂前或维修而进行限功率电源测试时,需短路电源输送装置输出端的过电流保护元件,以检验电源输送装置是否符合限功率电源的规范,此时由于过电流保护的机制已被关闭,若电源输送装置发生异常时(例如电源输送装置的其他元件发生短路或开路),无法为电源输送装置做及时的保护。
发明内容
鉴于上述,本案提供一种低功率消耗的保护电路,以使在进行限功率电源测试时也能实时提供电路保护。
依据一些实施例,低功率消耗的保护电路包含一负载检测模块、一二次侧回授控制模块以及一一次侧控制模块。负载检测模块耦接一电流检测单元。二次侧回授控制模块耦接负载检测模块与一隔离单元。一次侧控制模块耦接隔离单元与一隔离开关。当负载检测模块检测到电流检测单元输出一电压准位时,二次侧回授控制模块经由隔离单元传送一保护信号至一次侧控制模块。
依据一些实施例,一次侧控制模块包含一脉宽宽度调变单元。脉宽宽度调变单元依据一输出频率切换隔离开关,当接收保护信号时,选择性地变化该输出频率。当输出频率大于一重载频率时,脉宽宽度调变单元变化输出频率,以控制一输出电压小于一电压输出值。当输出频率不大于一重载频率时,脉宽宽度调变单元不变化输出频率。
依据一些实施例,脉宽宽度调变单元依据输出频率切换隔离开关,当接收保护信号且一一次侧电流大于一重载电流时,脉宽宽度调变单元变化输出频率,以控制输出电压小于电压输出值。
依据一些实施例,脉宽宽度调变单元依据输出频率切换隔离开关,当接收保护信号且一一次侧电压大于一重载电压时,脉宽宽度调变单元变化输出频率,以控制输出电压小于电压输出值。
依据一些实施例,低功率消耗的保护电路包含一第一电流检测单元、一负载检测模块、一二次侧回授控制模块以及一阻隔开关。第一电流检测单元耦接一第二电流检测单元。负载检测模块耦接第一电流检测单元及第二电流检测单元。二次侧回授控制模块耦接负载检测模块。阻隔开关耦接二次侧回授控制模块。当负载检测模块检测到第一电流检测单元输出一第一电压准位且检测到第二电流检测单元输出一第二电压准位时,二次侧回授控制模块依据第一电压准位及第二电压准位,选择性地打开或关闭阻隔开关。
依据一些实施例,当第一电压准位不等于第二电压准位时,二次侧回授控制模块关闭阻隔开关以停止一输出电压。当第一电压准位等于第二电压准位时,二次侧回授控制模块打开阻隔开关。
依据一些实施例,第一电流检测单元与第二电流检测单元为彼此串联且阻值实质相同的二电阻。
因此,依据一些实施例,借由一次侧控制模块及电流检测单元,来判断此时转换模块处于轻载或重载,若为重载时则调整一次侧的输出频率,使二次侧输出端的电压降低,以在进行限功率电源测试时也能提供实时的电路保护;或者,依据一些实施例,借由多个电流检测单元来判断此时转换模块是否有异常状态产生或是正在进行限功率电源测试,若有发生异常或是正在进行测试,则将输出端的输出路径开路,以提供实时的电路保护。此外,由于利用单一保护电路即同时满足限功率电源的规范、元件短路或开路的保护及限功率电源测试的保护,因此可降低元件成本及体积空间。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例的转换模块的电路方块示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例的转换模块的细部电路方块示意图。
图3为本发明另一实施例的转换模块的电路方块示意图。
图4为本发明另一实施例的二次侧电路的电路方块示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例的接地路径的细部电路示意图。
其中附图标记为:
100,400:转换模块10,40:一次侧电路
101,401:电源转换电路20,50:二次侧电路
22,52:输出路径220,520:整流单元
222,522:储能单元24,54:输出端口
240,540:输出端口242,542:接地端口
26,56:接地路径260:电流检测单元
30,60:保护电路302,602:负载检测模块
304,604:二次侧回授控制模块306:一次侧控制模块
3061:脉宽宽度调变单元308:隔离单元
310:隔离开关524:阻隔开关
560:第一电流检测单元562:第二电流检测单元
564:滤波电路Vin:输入电压
Vo:输出电压N1:一次侧绕组
N2:二次侧绕组T:变压器
Va:电压准位sp1:保护信号
具体实施方式
参照图1,为本发明一实施例的转换模块100的电路方块示意图。转换模块100包含一次侧电路10及二次侧电路20。一次侧电路10包含一次侧绕组N1及电源转换电路101。电源转换电路101可由主动式或被动式电子元件,如二极管、电感、电容或电阻等所构成的用以转换电源的电路来实现,例如滤波电路、功率因素校正电路等。一次侧绕组N1与二次侧绕组N2为一变压器T的两侧绕组。变压器T可以电磁耦合的方式将能量从一次侧绕组N1传递至二次侧绕组N2。输入电压Vin经由一次侧电路10及二次侧电路20转换为一输出电压Vo。
二次侧电路20包含输出路径22、输出端口24及接地路径26。输出路径22耦接二次侧绕组N2与输出端口24,以将二次侧绕组N2所感应出来的能量转换为输出电压Vo,并由输出端口24将该输出电压Vo输出。接地路径26耦接二次侧绕组N2与输出端口24,以提供电路接地。
转换模块100还包含保护电路30。保护电路30耦接一次侧电路10及二次侧电路20。为了克服在进行限功率电源测试时无法得知目前的负载情形的问题,例如因部分元件进行短路测试,造成无法直接得知此时负载为轻载或重载,或是无法直接通过二次侧电路20获得轻重载的信息。当保护电路30检测到二次侧电路20的接地路径26输出一电压准位时,则判断一次侧电路10是否处于重载情形(例如一次侧电路10具有高电流、高电压或高切换频率等),若为重载情形则调降一次侧电路10传递至二次侧电路20的电压,以使输出电压Vo小于电压输出值,致使在进行限功率电源测试也能对电路做保护。电压输出值为符合限功率电源规范准则的值,例如电压输出值与电流输出值所获得的功率需在100伏安(VA)以内。
参照图2,为本发明一实施例的转换模块100的细部电路方块示意图。输出路径22包含整流单元220及储能单元222。整流单元220耦接二次侧绕组N2及储能单元222,并将二次侧绕组N2所感应出来的能量整流为输出电压Vo,再通过储能单元222储存输出电压Vo。储能单元222耦接输出端口24以将输出电压Vo输出。
接地路径26包含电流检测单元260,电流检测单元260耦接二次侧绕组N2、输出端口24及保护电路30。输出端口24包含输出端口240及接地端口242。输出端口240耦接输出路径22的储能单元222,且转换模块100通过输出端口240将输出电压Vo传送至后端连接的电子装置(未图标)。电子装置可例如为手机、平板计算机、笔记本电脑等。接地端口242耦接电流检测单元260,且提供后端连接的电子装置(未图标)接地功能。
保护电路30包含负载检测模块302、二次侧回授控制模块304以及一次侧控制模块306。负载检测模块302耦接电流检测单元260,二次侧回授控制模块304耦接负载检测模块302与一隔离单元308,一次侧控制模块306耦接隔离单元308与隔离开关310,隔离开关310耦接一次侧电路10及保护电路30。负载检测模块302检测电流检测单元260是否有输出一电压准位Va,若有输出电压准位Va,则发出控制信号至二次侧回授控制模块304。二次侧回授控制模块304接收到控制信号后,发出保护信号sp1,并经由隔离单元308传送至一次侧控制模块306。一次侧控制模块306接收到保护信号sp1后,判断一次侧电路10是否处于重载情形,若为重载情形则切换隔离开关310,以调降一次侧电路10传递至二次侧电路20的电压,并使输出电压Vo小于电压输出值,致使转换模块100得到保护。
在一些实施例中,电压准位Va可以为一轻载电压(如低电压准位),例如电流检测单元260被短路而致使其输出的电压准位Va为低电压准位。在一些实施例中,隔离单元308可为光耦合器(optical coupler),以避免一次侧电路10与二次侧电路20互相干扰,但并不以此为限。在一些实施例中,隔离开关310可为场效晶体管(MOSFET,Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)、功率开关等,但并不以此为限。在一些实施例中,电流检测单元260为一或多个电阻,但并不以此为限。在一些实施例中,隔离开关310可以设置于保护电路30或一次侧电路10。
在此,进一步说明一次侧控制模块306如何判断一次侧电路10是否处于重载情形。在一些实施例中,一次侧控制模块306包含一脉宽宽度调变单元3061。脉宽宽度调变单元3061依据一输出频率切换该隔离开关310,以控制一次侧电路10于一次侧绕组N1的电压,并进而控制二次侧电路20的输出电压Vo。例如,脉宽宽度调变单元3061调变隔离开关310的工作周期(Duty Cycle),以控制一次侧绕组N1的电压大小。由于若输出负载增加时,隔离开关310的切换频率(如脉宽宽度调变单元3061的输出频率,于后称输出频率)会提高,因此若脉宽宽度调变单元3061接收到保护信号sp1后且此时的输出频率大于重载频率时,则脉宽宽度调变单元3061判断转换模块100当前处于重载的情况,应给予保护。因此,脉宽宽度调变单元3061改变输出频率(例如降低输出频率),以使输出电压Vo小于电压输出值。若脉宽宽度调变单元3061接收到保护信号sp1后且此时的输出频率不大于重载频率时,则代表转换模块100当前处于轻载的情况,并未发生危险。因此不改变输出频率。在一些实施例中,重载频率为大约两万五千赫兹(Hz),但并不以此为限。在一些实施例中,脉宽宽度调变单元3061可以由脉宽宽度调变单元集成电路(PWM,Pulse Width Modulation)来实现。
在一些实施例中,由于输出路径22所流过的电流低于一阀值时,代表输出负载处于轻载,而在轻载时也会使一次侧电路10所流过的电流低于一阀值,反之则大于一阀值(如负载处于重载)。因此若脉宽宽度调变单元3061接收到保护信号sp1后且此时的一次侧电路10所流过的电流大于重载电流(例如大于一阀值)时,则判断转换模块100当前处于重载的情况,应给予保护,致使脉宽宽度调变单元3061改变输出频率(例如降低输出频率),以使输出电压Vo小于电压输出值。在一些实施例中,一次侧电路10设置有一一次侧电流检测单元,脉宽宽度调变单元3061接收到保护信号sp1后,判断一次侧电流检测单元所产生的电压准位是否为重载准位,若为重载准位,则改变输出频率以使输出电压Vo小于电压输出值。在一些实施例中,重载电流可为转换模块100所能承受的最大电流上限或过电流的保护点(OCP,Over Current Protection)。在一些实施例中,重载准位可为转换模块100所能承受的最大电压上限。
在一些实施例中,由于输出路径22所输出的电压低于一阀值时,代表输出负载处于轻载,而在轻载时也会使一次侧电路10的电压低于一阀值,反之则大于一阀值(如负载处于重载)。因此若脉宽宽度调变单元3061接收到保护信号sp1后且此时的一次侧电路10所产生的电压大于重载电压时,则判断转换模块100当前处于重载的情况,应给予保护,致使脉宽宽度调变单元3061改变输出频率(例如降低输出频率),以使输出电压Vo小于电压输出值。例如,脉宽宽度调变单元3061检测一次侧电路10的一次侧电压回授信号,再依此信号的电压准位来判断转换模块100处于重载或轻载状态,以决定是否改变输出频率。在一些实施例中,重载电压可为0.4伏特(V),但并不以次为限。在一些实施例中,重载电压可为转换模块100所能承受的最大电压上限。
由于在进行限功率电源测试时,需将部分元件进行短路测试(例如限流元件、限流电阻等),此时一般转换模块100的电路保护机制则会失效,因此本发明借由负载检测模块302检测电流检测单元260是否有输出电压准位Va,并在有电压准位Va时,判断一次侧电路10是否处于重载情形,并在处于重载情形时,控制输出电压Vo,以符合限功率电源的规范,致使在进行限功率电源测试时转换模块100的电路也能获得保护。
参照图3,为本发明另一实施例的转换模块400的电路方块示意图。与图1所示的实施例不同的是,转换模块400的保护电路60耦接二次侧电路50的输出路径52及接地路径56。为了克服在进行限功率电源测试时无法得知目前的负载情形的问题,例如因部分元件进行短路测试,造成无法直接得知此时负载为轻载或重载,或是无法直接通过二次侧电路50获得轻重载的信息。当保护电路60检测二次侧电路50的接地路径56所输出的多个电压准位,且若该些电压准位彼此并不相同时,保护电路60控制输出路径52断路,以使转换模块400不输出输出电压Vo,致使在进行限功率电源测试也能对电路做保护。在此,电源转换电路401与图1所示的电源转换电路101相似,一次侧电路40与图1所示的一次侧电路10相似,输出端口54与图1所示的输出端口24相似。
在一些实施例中,二次侧电路50包含保护电路60、输出路径52、输出端口54及接地路径56。输出路径52耦接二次侧绕组N2、保护电路60及输出端口54,以将二次侧绕组N2所感应出来的能量转换为输出电压Vo,并由输出端口54将该输出电压Vo输出。接地路径56耦接保护电路60、二次侧绕组N2及输出端口24,以提供电路接地。
参照图4,为本发明另一实施例的二次侧电路50的电路方块示意图。与图2所示的实施例不同的是,输出路径52包含整流单元520、储能单元522及阻隔开关524。阻隔开关524耦接储能单元522、保护电路60及输出端口54,储能单元522耦接整流单元520及阻隔开关524,整流单元520耦接二次侧绕组N2及储能单元522。当保护电路60检测到转换模块400出现异常状况时(例如,接地路径26所输出的多个电压准位彼此并不相同或例如元件被短路),保护电路60输出控制信号来关闭阻隔开关524,以使输出路径52断路,并停止输出输出电压Vo。此外,于本实施例中,阻隔开关524关闭仅为控制输出路径52断路,因此只要能达成控制输出路径52为断路状态的方式既可。换言之,于本实施例中,例如但不限于当阻隔开关524开启时,输出路径52断路而使转换模块400不输出输出电压Vo。
请同时参照图4及图5,图5为本发明一实施例的接地路径56的细部电路示意图。接地路径56包含第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562,第一电流检测单元560耦接二次侧绕组N2、第二电流检测单元562及保护电路60,第二电流检测单元562耦接第一电流检测单元560、输出端口54及保护电路60。输出端口540包含输出端口540及接地端口542。输出端口540耦接阻隔开关524,且转换模块400通过输出端口540将输出电压Vo传送至后端连接的电子装置(未图标)。接地端口542耦接接地路径56,且提供后端连接的电子装置(未图标)接地功能。在一些实施例中,第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562分别为一电阻。在一些实施例中,第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562具有实质相同的阻抗值。在一些实施例中,第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562相互串联。在一些实施例中,接地端口542耦接第二电流检测单元562。
如图5所示,在一些实施例中,接地路径56还可以包含一滤波电路564,其两端分别耦接第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562,以帮第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562所流过的电流滤波。滤波电路564可为由电阻与电容兜合而成的RC滤波电路。在此,图5所示的二次侧绕组N2为该二次侧绕组N2的其中一端,例如该二次侧绕组N2的接地端。
复参照图4,保护电路60包含负载检测模块602及二次侧回授控制模块604。负载检测模块602耦接第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562,二次侧回授控制模块604耦接负载检测模块602及阻隔开关524。负载检测模块602检测第一电流检测单元560是否输出第一电压准位及检测第二电流检测单元562是否输出第二电压准位,并在检测到第一电压准位及第二电压准位后,将该些电压准位信号传送至二次侧回授控制模块604。二次侧回授控制模块604依据接收的第一电压准位及第二电压准位判断转换模块400是否处于异常状态,例如比较第一电压准位及第二电压准位信号是否相同,若相同时即代表转换模块400处于正常状态,因此发出控制信号以打开阻隔开关524,并保持输出路径52导通,使储能单元522可将输出电压Vo输出至输出端口540。若不相同则代表转换模块400处于异常状态(例如第一电流检测单元560或第二电流检测单元562被短路,或是第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562并未流过相同的电流),则发出控制信号以关闭阻隔开关524,并停止转换模块400输出输出电压Vo。在一些实施例中,阻隔开关524的常态模式为打开状态,即让输出路径52导通,以使储能单元522可将输出电压Vo输出至输出端口540。
在一些实施例中,阻隔开关524可以设置于保护电路60。在一些实施例中,第一电流检测单元560或第二电流检测单元562可以设置于保护电路60。在一些实施例中,第一电流检测单元560及第二电流检测单元562可以设置于保护电路60。
在一些实施例中,图2、图4所示的输出端口24、54还可包含传输端口(未图示)。传输端口耦接保护电路30、60,且转换模块100、400通过传输端口与后端连接的电子装置(未图标)沟通。进一步而言,电子装置可通过传输端口与保护电路30、60之间传递的传输信号要求转换模块100、400提供电子装置运作所需的输出电压Vo准位。当保护电路30、60通过传输端口得知电子装置所需的输出电压Vo准位时,保护电路30、60输出调变信号调变耦合单元(未图标),以调整符合电子装置运作所需的输出电压Vo的准位。调变耦合单元可设置于二次侧电路20、50或一次侧电路10、40。在一些实施例中,如图2所示,当保护电路30通过传输端口(未图标)得知电子装置(未图标)所需的输出电压Vo准位时,保护电路30输出调变信号至一次侧控制模块306来切换隔离开关310的切换频率(或工作周期;或改变脉宽宽度调变单元3061的输出频率),以调整输出电压Vo符合电子装置运作所需的电压准位。
在一些实施例中,负载检测模块302、602、二次侧回授控制模块304、604可由实体电路兜成,或整合为一控制集成电路作为本发明的保护电路30、60。此外,于本发明中,上述图1~图5的实施例可相互应用。例如但不限于图4的阻隔开关524也可设置于图2的输出路径22。有关相互应用而衍生出来的连接关系,可相互参阅图1~图5,在此不再加以赘述。
因此,依据一些实施例,借由一次侧控制模块及电流检测单元,来判断此时转换模块处于轻载或重载,若为重载时则调整一次侧的输出频率,使二次侧输出端的电压降低,以在进行限功率电源测试时也能提供实时的电路保护;或者,依据一些实施例,借由多个电流检测单元来判断此时转换模块是否有异常状态产生或是正在进行限功率电源测试,若有发生异常或是正在进行测试,则将输出端的输出路径开路,以提供实时的电路保护。此外,由于利用单一保护电路即同时满足限功率电源的规范、元件短路或开路的保护及限功率电源测试的保护,因此可降低元件成本及体积空间。

Claims (3)

1.一种低功率消耗的保护电路,包含:
一第一电流检测单元,耦接一第二电流检测单元;
一负载检测模块,耦接该第一电流检测单元及该第二电流检测单元;
一二次侧回授控制模块,耦接该负载检测模块;以及
一阻隔开关,耦接该二次侧回授控制模块;
其中,当该负载检测模块检测到该第一电流检测单元输出一第一电压准位且检测到该第二电流检测单元输出一第二电压准位时,该二次侧回授控制模块依据该第一电压准位及该第二电压准位,选择性地打开或关闭该阻隔开关,其中,当该第一电压准位不等于该第二电压准位时,该二次侧回授控制模块关闭该阻隔开关以停止一输出电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的低功率消耗的保护电路,其中,当该第一电压准位等于该第二电压准位时,该二次侧回授控制模块打开该阻隔开关。
3.如权利要求1所述的低功率消耗的保护电路,其中该第一电流检测单元与该第二电流检测单元为彼此串联且阻值实质相同的二电阻。
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