CN113465527B - Tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device and method - Google Patents

Tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113465527B
CN113465527B CN202110859055.8A CN202110859055A CN113465527B CN 113465527 B CN113465527 B CN 113465527B CN 202110859055 A CN202110859055 A CN 202110859055A CN 113465527 B CN113465527 B CN 113465527B
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tunnel
distance
settlement
vault
stability
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CN113465527A (en
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须民健
刘秋卓
郭鸿雁
江星宏
李科
李文锋
夏杨于雨
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China Merchants Chongqing Communications Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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China Merchants Chongqing Communications Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel country rock stability monitoring devices and method, the device includes: the system comprises a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance tilt angle sensor, a universal adjusting bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflectors; the data acquisition and processing module is used for acquiring data of the distance tilt sensor, processing the acquired data and judging whether a target monitoring point is displaced or not, and transmitting a processing result to the upper computer through the wireless communication module; the universal adjusting bracket is used for supporting and fixing the distance inclination angle sensor; the two grating light reflecting plates are respectively arranged at the vault and the arch waist of the target tunnel; the battery is used for providing working power for the data acquisition processing module, the distance inclination angle sensor and the wireless communication module. This device can monitor the stability of target tunnel country rock in all weather.

Description

Tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device and method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of tunnel stability, in particular to a device and a method for monitoring tunnel surrounding rock stability.
Background
With the rapid development of the traffic engineering in China at the present stage, the tunnel engineering construction is more and more, and the stability problem is more prominent due to the uncertainty of the complex lithological parameters of the underground tunnel structure. The stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is crucial to the normal operation of the tunnel. It is known from many traffic accidents occurring in tunnels that the stability of the surrounding rock of a tunnel is related not only to the nature of the rock, the structure and structure of the rock, the ground water, the natural stress state of the rock, the geological structure and other natural factors, but also to the excavation mode of the tunnel, the form and time of the support and other factors. On one hand, the stability problem of the tunnel can be roughly evaluated through preliminary investigation of the geological conditions of the surrounding rocks, but the stability problem has larger subjectivity and uncertainty and cannot objectively reflect the stability of the tunnel; on the other hand, the stability of the surrounding rock is analyzed by measuring the displacement of the tunnel wall in the tunnel construction process and by a scientific calculation means, so that the condition of correctly evaluating the stability of the tunnel is achieved. However, the existing monitoring device for the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock cannot be directly applied to the tunnel after the tunnel is put into operation.
Therefore, there is a need for a surrounding rock stability monitoring device for a tunnel after being put into operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, which is characterized in that: the device comprises: the device comprises a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance tilt angle sensor, a universal adjusting bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflectors;
the distance tilt angle sensor is used for sending two beams of laser to the two grating reflectors, collecting the laser reflected by the two grating reflectors, obtaining the distance between the transmitting point and the two grating reflectors, determining a tilt angle value of the distance tilt angle sensor, and simultaneously transmitting the distance and the tilt angle value to the data acquisition and processing module in real time;
the data acquisition and processing module is used for acquiring data of the distance inclination angle sensor, processing the acquired data and judging whether a target monitoring point is displaced or not, and transmitting a processing result to the upper computer through the wireless communication module;
the universal adjusting bracket is used for supporting and fixing the distance tilt angle sensor;
the two grating light reflecting plates are respectively arranged at the vault and the arch waist of the target tunnel;
the battery is used for providing working power for the data acquisition and processing module, the distance tilt angle sensor and the wireless communication module.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises a battery explosion protection case, and the battery is placed in the battery explosion protection case.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises an early warning module, wherein an input end of the early warning module is connected with an output end of the data acquisition and processing module.
In this embodiment, the device still includes embedded equipment box, with early warning module, wireless communication module, universal adjusting bracket, distance tilt sensor, battery and the explosion-proof protection box of battery set up in embedded equipment box is internal, embedded equipment box is provided with and supplies the penetrating opening of distance tilt sensor laser.
In this embodiment, the embedded device box is fixedly disposed on the sidewall of the primary support steel arch of the tunnel, and an opening of the embedded device box is flush with the surface of the primary support concrete-spraying surface of the target tunnel.
In this embodiment, the grating light reflecting plate disposed on the vault of the target tunnel further includes a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, and the horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with the vault of the target tunnel.
Correspondingly, the application also provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring method, which is characterized in that the method is suitable for the tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device;
s2: the light beam position of the vault settlement measuring laser is adjusted through the universal adjusting support, so that the light beam of the vault settlement measuring laser is made to strike the center position of a grating reflector arranged on the vault;
s3: the included angle between the vault reflector and the horizontal plane is adjusted through a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the reflecting surface of the vault reflector is approximately vertical to the laser beam;
s4: adjusting the beam position of the horizontal convergence measuring laser to enable the laser beam to be in a horizontal state, and enabling the beam to strike the center position of a grating reflector arranged on the arch waist;
s5: connecting a sensor with an automatic acquisition instrument, setting acquisition frequency and determining a sedimentation value dH;
s6: and judging whether the stability is stable according to the sedimentation value dH.
Further, the sedimentation value dH is determined using the following method:
dH=tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)
and dH represents a settlement value of the settlement monitoring point in the vertical direction, A represents an angle value between a measuring laser beam and a horizontal plane, B represents an angle value between the vault reflector and the horizontal plane, L1 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point before settlement, and L2 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point after settlement.
Further, the step S5 also comprises a step of preprocessing the collected data, wherein the preprocessing is used for screening out data which do not conform to the change trend of the surrounding rock.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the device can effectively judge whether the equipment box body is shifted or not and whether the surrounding rock at the installation position of the box body is deformed or not, has high surrounding rock stability monitoring accuracy, and simultaneously does not need to add a new sensor system on site, thereby realizing low power consumption, low cost and small volume of the on-site monitoring device; the method effectively monitors whether the target tunnel is settled or not and can transmit the monitoring result to the upper computer, thereby realizing remote monitoring.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure for determining the sedimentation value dH according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
the invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, which is characterized in that: as shown in fig. 1, the apparatus includes: the device comprises a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance tilt angle sensor, a universal adjusting bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflectors;
the distance tilt angle sensor is used for sending two beams of laser to the two grating reflectors, collecting the laser reflected by the two grating reflectors, obtaining the distance between the transmitting point and the two grating reflectors, determining a tilt angle value of the distance tilt angle sensor, and simultaneously transmitting the distance and the tilt angle value to the data acquisition and processing module in real time;
the data acquisition and processing module is used for acquiring data of the distance tilt sensor, processing the acquired data and judging whether a target monitoring point is displaced or not, and transmitting a processing result to the upper computer through the wireless communication module;
the universal adjusting bracket is used for supporting and fixing the distance inclination angle sensor;
the two grating reflectors are respectively arranged on the vault and the arch waist of the target tunnel;
the battery is used for providing working power for the data acquisition and processing module, the distance tilt angle sensor and the wireless communication module. According to the technical scheme, the device can effectively judge whether the equipment box body is deviated or not and whether the surrounding rock at the installation position of the box body is deformed or not, the monitoring accuracy of the stability of the surrounding rock is high, meanwhile, a new sensor system does not need to be additionally arranged on the site, and the low power consumption, the low cost and the small size of the on-site monitoring device are realized; whether the target tunnel is settled or not can be effectively monitored, and the monitoring result can be transmitted to an upper computer, so that remote monitoring is realized.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises a battery explosion-proof protection box, and the battery is placed in the battery explosion-proof protection box. The battery explosion-proof protection box is used for protecting a battery, and is mainly used for placing the battery in a battery box in the battery overcharge and overdischarge test and externally connecting a test charge-discharge instrument to protect an operator and the instrument.
In this embodiment, the device further comprises an early warning module, wherein an input end of the early warning module is connected with an output end of the data acquisition and processing module. The early warning module adopts the high bright LED pilot lamp of three-colour low-power consumption to distinguish anticollision early warning and output two kinds of modes of reporting to the police with setting up different scintillation frequencies. Under the condition of no output alarm, the anti-collision early warning mode continuously operates, and the environment with poor light and large noise in the tunnel can provide equipment box profile prompt for constructors to prevent collision damage. The early warning module realizes that anticollision early warning and output report to the police as an organic whole, compact structure, and the practicality is strong.
In this embodiment, the device still includes embedded equipment box, with early warning module, wireless communication module, universal adjusting bracket, distance tilt sensor, battery and the explosion-proof protection box of battery set up in embedded equipment box is internal, embedded equipment box is provided with and supplies the penetrating opening of distance tilt sensor laser. The embedded equipment box body is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the primary support steel arch frame of the tunnel. And the opening of the embedded equipment box body is flush with the surface of the primary support sprayed concrete of the target tunnel. The embedded equipment box is used for protecting the early warning module, the wireless communication module, the universal adjusting support, the distance tilt angle sensor, the battery and the battery explosion-proof protection box, the service life of the device is prolonged, and the environmental adaptability of the device is improved. The embedded type installation is adopted, the embedded type installation can be welded and fixed on the side wall of the primary support steel arch frame of the tunnel, and the opening of the outer edge of the box body is flush with the surface of the primary support concrete spraying of the tunnel, so that the box body is protected from being collided by external construction equipment, and the equipment damage is avoided.
In this embodiment, the grating reflector disposed at the vault of the target tunnel further includes a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, and the horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with the vault of the target tunnel. In order to improve the monitoring precision of the stability of the target tunnel, a vertical screen rotation adjusting mechanism is adopted to adjust and incline a grating reflector arranged at the vault of the target tunnel.
Correspondingly, the application also provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring method, which is characterized in that the method is suitable for the tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device;
s2: the light beam position of the vault settlement measuring laser is adjusted through the universal adjusting support, so that the light beam of the vault settlement measuring laser is made to strike the center position of a grating reflector arranged on the vault;
s3: the included angle between the vault reflector and the horizontal plane is adjusted through a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the reflecting surface of the vault reflector is approximately vertical to the laser beam;
s4: adjusting the beam position of the horizontal convergence measuring laser to enable the laser beam to be in a horizontal state, and enabling the beam to strike the center position of a grating reflector arranged on the arch waist;
s5: connecting a sensor with an automatic acquisition instrument, setting acquisition frequency and determining a sedimentation value dH;
s6: and judging whether the stability is stable according to the sedimentation value dH. And when the measurement period is up every time, absolute value subtraction calculation is carried out on the measured value and the initial value, the calculation result is compared with a preset threshold value, and alarm information is output to the upper computer after the calculation result exceeds the threshold value so as to inform an equipment manager of on-site investigation processing.
The sedimentation value dH is determined by the following method: as shown in figure 2 of the drawings, in which,
dH=tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)
and dH represents a settlement value of the settlement monitoring point in the vertical direction, A represents an angle value between a measuring laser beam and a horizontal plane, B represents an angle value between the vault reflector and the horizontal plane, L1 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point before settlement, and L2 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point after settlement.
The step S5 also comprises a step of preprocessing the acquired data, wherein the preprocessing is used for screening out data which do not accord with the change trend of the surrounding rock. Because construction vehicle and operation platform truck frequently move about in the tunnel, laser beam is easily blockked in the measuring process in the measuring stroke, and the invalid data after being blockked can not be applied to the judgement basis of country rock stability. In the invention, the following implementation method is adopted: 2 databases, a historical effective database and a surrounding rock change characteristic database are established in a data acquisition processing module, data acquired each time are compared with the 2 databases, fusion analysis and calculation are carried out, data which do not accord with surrounding rock change trend and characteristics are used as barriers to block, filtering is carried out, and meanwhile, data acquisition frequency is improved until the acquiescent acquisition frequency is recovered after the effective data are obtained. Device condition diagnostics based on tilt angle monitoring. After the equipment is installed for the first time, the inclination angle value of the distance inclination angle sensor is obtained, and the value is stored in a local memory as the initial value of the equipment state. And when the measurement period is up every time, absolute value subtraction calculation is carried out on the measured value and the initial value, the calculation result is compared with a preset threshold value, and alarm information is output to a remote server after the calculation result exceeds the threshold value so as to inform an equipment manager of on-site investigation processing. By adopting the method, whether the equipment box body is shifted or not, whether surrounding rocks at the installation position of the box body are deformed or not can be effectively judged and identified, the accuracy of monitoring the stability of the surrounding rocks is further improved, and meanwhile, by adopting the method, a new sensor system does not need to be additionally arranged on the site, so that the low power consumption, the low cost and the small volume of the on-site monitoring device are realized.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a tunnel country rock stability monitoring devices which characterized in that: the device comprises: the device comprises a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance tilt angle sensor, a universal adjusting bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflectors;
the distance tilt angle sensor is used for sending two beams of laser to the two grating reflectors, collecting the laser reflected by the two grating reflectors, obtaining the distance between the transmitting point and the two grating reflectors, determining a tilt angle value of the distance tilt angle sensor, and simultaneously transmitting the distance and the tilt angle value to the data acquisition and processing module in real time;
the data acquisition and processing module is used for acquiring data of the distance tilt sensor, processing the acquired data and judging whether a target monitoring point is displaced or not, and transmitting a processing result to the upper computer through the wireless communication module;
the data acquisition processing module determines the sedimentation value dH according to the following method:
dH=tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)
the method comprises the following steps that dH represents a settlement value of a settlement monitoring point in the vertical direction, A represents an angle value between a measuring laser beam and a horizontal plane, B represents an angle value between a vault reflector and the horizontal plane, L1 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and a laser emission point before settlement occurs, and L2 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point after settlement occurs; the universal adjusting bracket is used for supporting and fixing the distance inclination angle sensor;
the two grating reflectors are respectively arranged on the vault and the arch waist of the target tunnel;
the battery is used for providing working power for the data acquisition and processing module, the distance tilt angle sensor and the wireless communication module.
2. The tunnel country rock stability monitoring device of claim 1, characterized in that: the device also comprises a battery explosion-proof protection box, and the battery is placed in the battery explosion-proof protection box.
3. The tunnel country rock stability monitoring device of claim 1, characterized in that: the device also comprises an early warning module, wherein the input end of the early warning module is connected with the output end of the data acquisition and processing module.
4. The tunnel country rock stability monitoring device of claim 3, characterized in that: the device also comprises an embedded equipment box body, wherein the early warning module, the wireless communication module, the universal adjusting bracket, the distance tilt angle sensor, the battery and the battery explosion-proof protection box are arranged in the embedded equipment box body, and the embedded equipment box body is provided with an opening for laser penetration of the distance tilt angle sensor.
5. The tunnel country rock stability monitoring device of claim 4, characterized in that: the embedded equipment box body is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the primary support steel arch frame of the tunnel, and an opening of the embedded equipment box body is flush with the surface of the primary support concrete spraying of the target tunnel.
6. The tunnel country rock stability monitoring device of claim 1, characterized in that: the grating light reflecting plate arranged on the vault of the target tunnel further comprises a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, and the horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism is fixedly connected with the vault of the target tunnel.
7. A method for monitoring stability of tunnel surrounding rock, which is applicable to the device for monitoring stability of tunnel surrounding rock as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, and comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device;
s2: the light beam position of the vault settlement measuring laser is adjusted through the universal adjusting support, so that the light beam of the vault settlement measuring laser is made to strike the center position of a grating reflector arranged on the vault;
s3: the included angle between the vault reflector and the horizontal plane is adjusted through a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the reflecting surface of the vault reflector is approximately vertical to the laser beam;
s4: adjusting the beam position of the horizontal convergence measuring laser to enable the laser beam to be in a horizontal state, and enabling the beam to strike the center position of a grating reflector arranged on the arch waist;
s5: connecting a sensor with an automatic acquisition instrument, setting acquisition frequency and determining a sedimentation value dH;
the sedimentation value dH is determined by the following method:
dH=tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)
the method comprises the following steps that dH represents a settlement value of a settlement monitoring point in the vertical direction, A represents an angle value between a measuring laser beam and a horizontal plane, B represents an angle value between a vault reflector and the horizontal plane, L1 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and a laser emission point before settlement occurs, and L2 represents an effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point after settlement occurs;
s6: and judging whether the stability is stable according to the sedimentation value dH.
8. The method for monitoring the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S5 also comprises a step of preprocessing the acquired data, wherein the preprocessing is used for screening out data which do not accord with the change trend of the surrounding rock.
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