CN113465527B - Tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device and method - Google Patents
Tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请提供一种隧道围岩稳定性监测装置及方法，所述装置包括：电池、数据采集处理模块、距离倾角传感器、万向调节支架、无线通信模块和两块光栅反光板；所述数据采集处理模块用于采集距离倾角传感器的数据，并将采集进行处理判断目标监测点是否发生位移，所述数据采集处理模块通过无线通信模块将处理结果传输至上位机；所述万向调节支架用于支撑和固定距离倾角传感器；所述两块光栅反光板分别设置于目标隧道拱顶和隧道拱腰；所述电池用于向数据采集处理模块、距离倾角传感器和和无线通信模块提供工作用电。本装置可全天候监测目标隧道围岩的稳定性。
The application provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device and method, the device includes: a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance inclination sensor, a universal adjustment bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflectors; the data acquisition The processing module is used to collect the data of the distance inclination sensor, and the collection is processed to determine whether the target monitoring point is displaced, and the data collection and processing module transmits the processing result to the host computer through the wireless communication module; the universal adjustment bracket is used for Support and fix the distance inclination sensor; the two grating reflectors are respectively arranged on the target tunnel vault and the tunnel arch waist; the battery is used to provide working power for the data acquisition and processing module, the distance inclination sensor and the wireless communication module. The device can monitor the stability of the surrounding rock of the target tunnel around the clock.
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及隧道稳定性技术领域，尤其涉及一种隧道围岩稳定性监测装置及方法。The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel stability, in particular to a monitoring device and method for the stability of surrounding rock of a tunnel.
背景技术Background technique
随着现阶段我国交通工程的快速发展隧洞工程建设将越来越多,由于地下隧道结构的复杂性岩性参数的不确定性,使得稳定性问题更为突出。隧道围岩的稳定性对隧道的正常运营是至关重要的。从许多隧道发生的交通事故中可以知道，隧道围岩的稳定性不仅与岩石的性质、岩石的结构与构造、地下水、岩体的天然应力状态、地质构造等自然因素有关，而且还与隧道的开挖方式及支护的形式和时间等因素有关。隧道的稳定性问题,一方面可通过对围岩地质条件的初步调查来粗略评定,但这具有较大的主观性和不确定性不能客观的反映隧道的稳定性；另一方面是通过在隧道建造过程中量测洞壁的位移,通过科学的计算手段来对围岩的稳定性分析,达到正确评定隧道稳定的情况。但现有的隧道围岩稳定性的监测装置没有可直接运用于投入运行后的隧道内。With the rapid development of traffic engineering in our country at this stage, there will be more and more tunnel constructions. Due to the complexity of the underground tunnel structure and the uncertainty of lithology parameters, the stability problem is more prominent. The stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is crucial to the normal operation of the tunnel. From the traffic accidents in many tunnels, it can be known that the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is not only related to the nature of the rock, the structure and structure of the rock, groundwater, the natural stress state of the rock mass, geological structure and other natural factors, but also related to the tunnel’s stability. Excavation method and support form and time are related to factors such as. The stability of the tunnel, on the one hand, can be roughly evaluated through the preliminary investigation of the geological conditions of the surrounding rock, but this has a large subjectivity and uncertainty and cannot objectively reflect the stability of the tunnel; During the construction process, the displacement of the tunnel wall is measured, and the stability of the surrounding rock is analyzed by means of scientific calculations, so as to correctly evaluate the stability of the tunnel. However, none of the existing monitoring devices for the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be directly applied to the tunnel after it is put into operation.
因此，亟需一种用于投入运营后的隧道的围岩稳定性监测装置。Therefore, there is an urgent need for a surrounding rock stability monitoring device for a tunnel after it has been put into operation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种隧道围岩稳定性监测装置，其特征在于：所述装置包括：电池、数据采集处理模块、距离倾角传感器、万向调节支架、无线通信模块和两块光栅反光板；In view of this, the present invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, which is characterized in that: the device includes: a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance inclination sensor, a universal adjustment bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflective plate;
所述距离倾角传感器用于发出两束激光至两块光栅反光板并采集所述两块光栅反光板反射的激光并获得发射点与两块光栅反光板之间的距离，以及确定所述距离倾角传感器的倾角值，同时实时将距离和倾角值传至数据采集处理模块；The distance and inclination sensor is used to send two laser beams to two grating reflectors and collect the laser light reflected by the two grating reflectors to obtain the distance between the emission point and the two grating reflectors, and determine the distance inclination The inclination value of the sensor, and at the same time transmit the distance and inclination value to the data acquisition and processing module in real time;
所述数据采集处理模块用于采集距离倾角传感器的数据，并将采集进行处理判断目标监测点是否发生位移，所述数据采集处理模块通过无线通信模块将处理结果传输至上位机；The data collection and processing module is used to collect the data of the distance inclination sensor, and the collection is processed to determine whether the target monitoring point is displaced, and the data collection and processing module transmits the processing result to the host computer through the wireless communication module;
所述万向调节支架用于支撑和固定距离倾角传感器；The universal adjustment bracket is used to support and fix the distance inclination sensor;
所述两块光栅反光板分别设置于目标隧道拱顶和隧道拱腰；The two grating reflectors are respectively arranged on the vault of the target tunnel and the waist of the tunnel;
所述电池用于向数据采集处理模块、距离倾角传感器和无线通信模块提供工作用电。The battery is used to provide working power for the data acquisition and processing module, the distance inclination sensor and the wireless communication module.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括电池防爆保护盒，将电池放置于所述电池防爆保护盒中。In this embodiment, the device further includes a battery explosion-proof protection box, and the battery is placed in the battery explosion-proof protection box.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括预警模块，所述预警模块的输入端与数据采集处理模块输出端连接。In this embodiment, the device further includes an early warning module, the input end of the early warning module is connected to the output end of the data collection and processing module.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括嵌入式设备箱体，将预警模块、无线通信模块、万向调节支架、距离倾角传感器、电池和电池防爆保护盒设置于所述嵌入式设备箱体内，所述嵌入式设备箱体设置有供距离倾角传感器激光穿透的开口。In this embodiment, the device also includes an embedded equipment box, and an early warning module, a wireless communication module, a universal adjustment bracket, a distance and inclination sensor, a battery and a battery explosion-proof protection box are arranged in the embedded equipment box, The box body of the embedded device is provided with an opening through which the laser light of the distance and inclination sensor can penetrate.
在本实施例中，所述嵌入式设备箱体固定设置于隧道初支钢拱架侧壁，所述嵌入式设备箱体开口与目标隧道初支喷砼表面齐平。In this embodiment, the embedded equipment box is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the primary support steel arch of the tunnel, and the opening of the embedded equipment box is flush with the sprayed concrete surface of the target tunnel initial support.
在本实施例中，所述设置于目标隧道拱顶的光栅反光板还包括水平旋转调节机构，所述水平旋转调节机构与目标隧道拱顶固定连接。In this embodiment, the grating reflector arranged on the vault of the target tunnel further includes a horizontal rotation adjustment mechanism, and the horizontal rotation adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the vault of the target tunnel.
相应地，本申请还提供一种隧道围岩稳定性监测方法，其特征在于适用于所述隧道围岩稳定性监测装置，所述方法包括如下步骤：Correspondingly, the present application also provides a method for monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, which is characterized in that it is suitable for the monitoring device for the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the method includes the following steps:
S1：安装隧道围岩稳定性监测装置；S1: Install tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device;
S2：通过万向调节支架调整拱顶沉降测量激光器的光束位置，使其光束打在设置于拱顶的光栅反光板的中心位置；S2: Adjust the beam position of the vault settlement measurement laser through the universal adjustment bracket, so that the beam hits the center of the grating reflector set on the vault;
S3：通过水平旋转调节机构调整拱顶反光板与水平面间的夹角，使其反光面与激光光束近似垂直；S3: Adjust the angle between the dome reflector and the horizontal plane through the horizontal rotation adjustment mechanism, so that the reflective surface is approximately perpendicular to the laser beam;
S4：调节水平收敛测量激光器的光束位置，使其激光光束处于水平状态，使其光束打在设置于拱腰的光栅反光板的中心位置；S4: Adjust the beam position of the horizontal convergence measurement laser so that the laser beam is in a horizontal state, so that the beam hits the center of the grating reflector set on the waist;
S5：将传感器与自动采集仪连接，并设定采集频率，确定沉降值dH；S5: Connect the sensor to the automatic collector, set the collection frequency, and determine the settlement value dH;
S6：根据沉降值dH判断是否稳定。S6: Judging whether it is stable or not according to the settlement value dH.
进一步，所述沉降值dH采用如下方法确定：Further, the settlement value dH is determined by the following method:
dH＝tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)dH=tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)
其中，dH表示沉降监测点在竖直方向上的沉降值，A表示测量激光束与水平面之间的角度值，B表示拱顶反光板与水平面间的角度值，L1表示沉降监测点发生沉降前与激光发射点之间的有效距离，L2表示沉降监测点发生沉降后与激光发射点之间的有效距离。Among them, dH represents the settlement value of the settlement monitoring point in the vertical direction, A represents the angle value between the measuring laser beam and the horizontal plane, B represents the angle value between the dome reflector and the horizontal plane, L1 represents the settlement value before the settlement monitoring point occurs The effective distance from the laser emission point, L2 represents the effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point after settlement occurs.
进一步，所述步骤S5还包括预处理采集数据的步骤，所述预处理用于筛选出不符合围岩变化趋势的数据。Further, the step S5 also includes a step of pre-processing the collected data, and the pre-processing is used to filter out data that does not conform to the changing trend of the surrounding rock.
本发明的有益技术效果：本装置可以有效判识设备箱体是否发送偏移、箱体安装位置的围岩是否发生变形，围岩稳定性监测准确性高，同时，本装置不需要在现场增设新的传感器系统，实现了现场监测装置的低功耗、低成本和小体积；本方法有效监测目标隧道是否发生沉降并能将监测结果传输至上位机，实现远程监控。Beneficial technical effects of the present invention: the device can effectively judge whether the transmission of the equipment box is offset, whether the surrounding rock at the installation position of the box is deformed, and the monitoring accuracy of the stability of the surrounding rock is high. At the same time, the device does not need to be installed on site The new sensor system realizes the low power consumption, low cost and small size of the on-site monitoring device; this method effectively monitors whether the target tunnel has subsidence and can transmit the monitoring results to the host computer to realize remote monitoring.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
图1为本申请的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application.
图2为本申请的沉降值dH确定结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure for determining the settlement value dH of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合说明书附图对本发明做出进一步的说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described:
本发明提供一种隧道围岩稳定性监测装置，其特征在于：如图1所示，所述装置包括：电池、数据采集处理模块、距离倾角传感器、万向调节支架、无线通信模块和两块光栅反光板；The invention provides a tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, which is characterized in that: as shown in Figure 1, the device includes: a battery, a data acquisition and processing module, a distance inclination sensor, a universal adjustment bracket, a wireless communication module and two grating reflector;
所述距离倾角传感器用于发出两束激光至两块光栅反光板并采集所述两块光栅反光板反射的激光并获得发射点与两块光栅反光板之间的距离，以及确定所述距离倾角传感器的倾角值，同时实时将距离和倾角值传至数据采集处理模块；The distance and inclination sensor is used to send two laser beams to two grating reflectors and collect the laser light reflected by the two grating reflectors to obtain the distance between the emission point and the two grating reflectors, and determine the distance inclination The inclination value of the sensor, and at the same time transmit the distance and inclination value to the data acquisition and processing module in real time;
所述数据采集处理模块用于采集距离倾角传感器的数据，并将采集进行处理判断目标监测点是否发生位移，所述数据采集处理模块通过无线通信模块将处理结果传输至上位机；The data collection and processing module is used to collect the data of the distance inclination sensor, and the collection is processed to determine whether the target monitoring point is displaced, and the data collection and processing module transmits the processing result to the host computer through the wireless communication module;
所述万向调节支架用于支撑和固定距离倾角传感器；The universal adjustment bracket is used to support and fix the distance inclination sensor;
所述两块光栅反光板分别设置于目标隧道拱顶和隧道拱腰；The two grating reflectors are respectively arranged on the vault of the target tunnel and the waist of the tunnel;
所述电池用于向数据采集处理模块、距离倾角传感器和无线通信模块提供工作用电。上述技术方案，本装置可以有效判识设备箱体是否发送偏移、箱体安装位置的围岩是否发生变形，围岩稳定性监测准确性高，同时，本装置不需要在现场增设新的传感器系统，实现了现场监测装置的低功耗、低成本和小体积；并可有效监测目标隧道是否发生沉降并能将监测结果传输至上位机，实现远程监控。The battery is used to provide working power for the data acquisition and processing module, the distance inclination sensor and the wireless communication module. With the above technical solution, this device can effectively judge whether the transmission of the equipment box is offset, whether the surrounding rock at the installation position of the box is deformed, and the stability of the surrounding rock is monitored with high accuracy. At the same time, this device does not need to add new sensors on site The system realizes the low power consumption, low cost and small size of the on-site monitoring device; it can effectively monitor whether the target tunnel has subsidence and transmit the monitoring results to the host computer to realize remote monitoring.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括电池防爆保护盒，将电池放置于所述电池防爆保护盒中。电池防爆保护盒用于保护电池，主要用于电池过充过放,充放电测试中,将电池放置电池箱中,外接测试电充放仪器,为操作人员及仪器进行保护。In this embodiment, the device further includes a battery explosion-proof protection box, and the battery is placed in the battery explosion-proof protection box. The battery explosion-proof protection box is used to protect the battery. It is mainly used for overcharging and overdischarging of the battery. During the charge and discharge test, the battery is placed in the battery box and connected to an external test charge and discharge instrument to protect the operator and the instrument.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括预警模块，所述预警模块的输入端与数据采集处理模块输出端连接。预警模块采用三色低功耗高亮LED指示灯，并以设置不同的闪烁频率区分防撞预警和输出报警两种模式。在无输出报警的情况下，防撞预警模式持续运行，隧道内光线差、噪声大的环境可为施工人员提供设备箱体轮廓提示，预防撞击损毁。预警模块实现防撞预警和输出报警为一体，结构紧凑，实用性强。In this embodiment, the device further includes an early warning module, the input end of the early warning module is connected to the output end of the data collection and processing module. The early warning module uses a three-color low-power bright LED indicator light, and sets different flashing frequencies to distinguish between two modes: anti-collision warning and output alarm. In the case of no output alarm, the anti-collision warning mode continues to operate, and the poor light and noisy environment in the tunnel can provide construction personnel with a reminder of the outline of the equipment box to prevent collision damage. The early warning module realizes the integration of anti-collision early warning and output alarm, with compact structure and strong practicability.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括嵌入式设备箱体，将预警模块、无线通信模块、万向调节支架、距离倾角传感器、电池和电池防爆保护盒设置于所述嵌入式设备箱体内，所述嵌入式设备箱体设置有供距离倾角传感器激光穿透的开口。所述嵌入式设备箱体固定设置于隧道初支钢拱架侧壁。所述嵌入式设备箱体开口与目标隧道初支喷砼表面齐平。嵌入式设备箱体用于为预警模块、无线通信模块、万向调节支架、距离倾角传感器、电池和电池防爆保护盒提供保护，延长装置的使用寿命，提高装置环境适应性。其采用嵌入式安装，可焊接固定于隧道初支钢拱架侧壁，箱体外缘开口处与隧道初支喷砼表面平齐，从而保护箱体不受外部施工机具碰撞，避免设备损毁。In this embodiment, the device also includes an embedded equipment box, and an early warning module, a wireless communication module, a universal adjustment bracket, a distance and inclination sensor, a battery and a battery explosion-proof protection box are arranged in the embedded equipment box, The box body of the embedded device is provided with an opening through which the laser light of the distance and inclination sensor can penetrate. The embedded equipment box is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the primary support steel arch of the tunnel. The opening of the box body of the embedded device is flush with the surface of the primary sprayed concrete of the target tunnel. The embedded device box is used to provide protection for the early warning module, wireless communication module, universal adjustment bracket, distance and inclination sensor, battery and battery explosion-proof protection box, prolong the service life of the device, and improve the environmental adaptability of the device. It adopts embedded installation and can be welded and fixed on the side wall of the steel arch frame of the primary support of the tunnel. The opening of the outer edge of the box is flush with the surface of the sprayed concrete of the primary support of the tunnel, so as to protect the box from collisions with external construction machines and avoid equipment damage.
在本实施例中，所述设置于目标隧道拱顶的光栅反光板还包括水平旋转调节机构，所述水平旋转调节机构与目标隧道拱顶固定连接。为提升目标隧道稳定性监测精度，采用竖屏旋转调节机构将设置于目标隧道拱顶的光栅反光板调整与倾斜状态。In this embodiment, the grating reflector arranged on the vault of the target tunnel further includes a horizontal rotation adjustment mechanism, and the horizontal rotation adjustment mechanism is fixedly connected to the vault of the target tunnel. In order to improve the stability monitoring accuracy of the target tunnel, a vertical screen rotation adjustment mechanism is used to adjust and tilt the grating reflector set on the vault of the target tunnel.
相应地，本申请还提供一种隧道围岩稳定性监测方法，其特征在于适用于所述隧道围岩稳定性监测装置，所述方法包括如下步骤：Correspondingly, the present application also provides a method for monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, which is characterized in that it is suitable for the monitoring device for the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the method includes the following steps:
S1：安装隧道围岩稳定性监测装置；S1: Install tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device;
S2：通过万向调节支架调整拱顶沉降测量激光器的光束位置，使其光束打在设置于拱顶的光栅反光板的中心位置；S2: Adjust the beam position of the vault settlement measurement laser through the universal adjustment bracket, so that the beam hits the center of the grating reflector set on the vault;
S3：通过水平旋转调节机构调整拱顶反光板与水平面间的夹角，使其反光面与激光光束近似垂直；S3: Adjust the angle between the dome reflector and the horizontal plane through the horizontal rotation adjustment mechanism, so that the reflective surface is approximately perpendicular to the laser beam;
S4：调节水平收敛测量激光器的光束位置，使其激光光束处于水平状态，使其光束打在设置于拱腰的光栅反光板的中心位置；S4: Adjust the beam position of the horizontal convergence measurement laser so that the laser beam is in a horizontal state, so that the beam hits the center of the grating reflector set on the waist;
S5：将传感器与自动采集仪连接，并设定采集频率，确定沉降值dH；S5: Connect the sensor to the automatic collector, set the collection frequency, and determine the settlement value dH;
S6：根据沉降值dH判断是否稳定。每次测量周期到时，将测量值与初始值进行绝对值减法计算，计算结果与预设阈值进行比较，超出阈值则后输出报警信息至上位机，以通知设备管理人员现场勘查处理。S6: Judging whether it is stable or not according to the settlement value dH. When each measurement period is up, the measured value is subtracted from the initial value by absolute value, and the calculated result is compared with the preset threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, an alarm message is output to the host computer to notify the equipment management personnel of on-site investigation and processing.
所述沉降值dH采用如下方法确定：如图2所示，The settlement value dH is determined by the following method: as shown in Figure 2,
dH＝tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)dH=tgB*(L1-L2)*cosA (1)
其中，dH表示沉降监测点在竖直方向上的沉降值，A表示测量激光束与水平面之间的角度值，B表示拱顶反光板与水平面间的角度值，L1表示沉降监测点发生沉降前与激光发射点之间的有效距离，L2表示沉降监测点发生沉降后与激光发射点之间的有效距离。Among them, dH represents the settlement value of the settlement monitoring point in the vertical direction, A represents the angle value between the measuring laser beam and the horizontal plane, B represents the angle value between the dome reflector and the horizontal plane, L1 represents the settlement value before the settlement monitoring point occurs The effective distance from the laser emission point, L2 represents the effective distance between the settlement monitoring point and the laser emission point after settlement occurs.
所述步骤S5还包括预处理采集数据的步骤，所述预处理用于筛选出不符合围岩变化趋势的数据。因隧道内施工车辆及作业台车频繁活动，测量过程中激光光束在测量行程内易被阻挡，被阻挡后的无效数据不能应用于围岩稳定性的判断依据。本发明中，将采用如下实施办法：在数据采集处理模块中创建2个数据库，历史有效数据库和围岩变化特征数据库，将每次采集的数据与该2个数据进行对比、融合分析与计算，将不符合围岩变化趋势与特征的数据作为障碍物阻挡，进行过滤，同时提高数据采集频率，直到获得有效数据后恢复默认采集频率。基于倾角监测的设备状态诊断。设备初次安装完成后，获取距离倾角传感器的倾角值，并将该值作为设备状态的初始值存储于本地存储器内。每次测量周期到时，将测量值与初始值进行绝对值减法计算，计算结果与预设阈值进行比较，超出阈值后输出报警信息至远程服务器，以通知设备管理人员现场勘查处理。采用该方法可以有效判识设备箱体是否发送偏移、箱体安装位置的围岩是否发生变形等，进一步提高了围岩稳定性监测的准确性，同时，采用该方法不需要在现场增设新的传感器系统，实现了现场监测装置的低功耗、低成本和小体积。The step S5 also includes a step of pre-processing the collected data, and the pre-processing is used to filter out data that does not conform to the changing trend of the surrounding rock. Due to the frequent movement of construction vehicles and operating trolleys in the tunnel, the laser beam is easily blocked within the measurement range during the measurement process, and the invalid data after being blocked cannot be used as a basis for judging the stability of the surrounding rock. In the present invention, the following implementation methods will be adopted: create 2 databases in the data acquisition and processing module, the historical effective database and the surrounding rock change characteristic database, compare the data collected each time with the 2 data, perform fusion analysis and calculation, The data that does not conform to the changing trend and characteristics of the surrounding rocks are blocked as obstacles and filtered, and the frequency of data collection is increased at the same time until the default collection frequency is restored after valid data is obtained. Equipment status diagnosis based on inclination monitoring. After the initial installation of the device is completed, obtain the inclination value from the inclination sensor, and store this value as the initial value of the device state in the local memory. When each measurement cycle is up, the measured value is subtracted from the initial value by absolute value, and the calculated result is compared with the preset threshold value. After the threshold value is exceeded, an alarm message is output to the remote server to notify the equipment management personnel of on-site investigation and processing. This method can effectively identify whether the transmission of the equipment box is offset, whether the surrounding rock at the installation position of the box is deformed, etc., which further improves the accuracy of monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock. The sensor system realizes the low power consumption, low cost and small size of the on-site monitoring device.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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