CN113639849B - Tunnel surrounding rock block collapse monitoring method and system based on natural vibration frequency - Google Patents
Tunnel surrounding rock block collapse monitoring method and system based on natural vibration frequency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a tunnel country rock mass monitoring system that collapses based on natural vibration frequency includes: the system comprises a tunnel laser vibration measurement system, a wireless vibration monitoring system and a block collapse disaster prediction system; the laser vibration measurement system is used for collecting the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous block aiming at the dangerous block uncovered by tunnel excavation and is used for quickly judging the stable state of the dangerous block; the wireless vibration monitoring system monitors the inherent vibration frequency of the dangerous block in real time aiming at the supported dangerous block, and transmits monitoring data to the block collapse disaster prediction system in real time; the block collapse disaster prediction system is used for predicting the collapse risk of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering disaster monitoring and early warning, and particularly relates to a tunnel surrounding rock mass collapse monitoring method and system based on natural vibration frequency.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The collapse disaster of the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel is a local instability accident of the rock mass, which is caused by the fact that an isolated or semi-isolated structural body formed by combining an existing structural surface and an empty surface formed by excavation breaks away from the original position due to the fact that the original balance state is broken. For a long time, tunnel construction and personnel safety are seriously threatened by collapse disasters of surrounding rock blocks, equipment smashing construction period is delayed by light persons, a large number of casualties and major economic losses are caused by heavy persons, and the number of times of disaster occurrence and the number of casualties caused by the disaster all live in the front of various disasters.
The collapse of the surrounding rock block body has obvious locality and paroxysmal property, the time of occurrence of catastrophe is short, the displacement precursor is not obvious, and effective disaster information is difficult to capture by the traditional stress, strain and displacement monitoring means. The catastrophe of the stress on the rock and the structural surface can generate various physical effects, such as the abnormal changes of physical quantities such as microseisms, natural frequencies and the like, and the physical quantities are mutually related and ordered. Through correlation and combined analysis of various physical information, the reliability of identification of the surrounding rock block collapse catastrophe precursors can be improved, and the problem that the traditional monitoring means cannot effectively identify or accurately identify the surrounding rock block collapse catastrophe precursors is solved.
In the prior art, "point-domain" monitoring is a monitoring mode for the entire block collapse disaster, different simple monitoring modes are provided for key blocks and collapse areas, and in the "point-domain" monitoring method, wireless sensors are only used for monitoring, so that the time, labor and cost are wasted and high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the method for monitoring the collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock block based on the natural vibration frequency is provided, and the catastrophe precursor information of the collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock block can be effectively identified.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, a system for monitoring collapse of a surrounding rock mass of a tunnel based on natural vibration frequency is disclosed, which comprises: the system comprises a tunnel laser vibration measurement system, a wireless vibration monitoring system and a block collapse disaster prediction system;
the laser vibration measurement system collects the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous block aiming at the dangerous block uncovered by tunnel excavation and is used for rapidly judging the stable state of the dangerous block;
the wireless vibration monitoring system monitors the inherent vibration frequency of the dangerous block in real time aiming at the supported dangerous block, and transmits monitoring data to the block collapse disaster prediction system in real time;
the block collapse disaster prediction system is used for predicting the risk of collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks.
According to the technical scheme, the tunnel laser vibration measuring system comprises a laser vibration measuring instrument host, wherein a compensation vibration sensor is installed on the host and used for measuring the vibration of the instrument caused by the complex environment of the tunnel, and the vibration is eliminated from the final measurement result and is used as finally obtained monitoring data.
According to the further technical scheme, reflective paint is sprayed on the dangerous blocks uncovered by tunnel excavation, and data of the reflective paint are measured through the laser vibration meter host.
According to the further technical scheme, after the laser vibration meter host acquires monitoring data, the change rule of the natural vibration frequency of the rock mass is analyzed based on dynamic characteristic parameters such as rock mass speed and acceleration.
According to the further technical scheme, the wireless vibration monitoring system comprises a wireless displacement sensor, a wireless speed sensor and a wireless acceleration sensor, and is used for collecting dynamic characteristic parameters such as rock mass displacement, speed and acceleration;
the wireless displacement sensor, the wireless speed sensor and the wireless acceleration sensor are respectively arranged on the surface of the dangerous block body, and the sensors and the surrounding rock are coupled together by using an anchoring material.
In a second aspect, a method for monitoring collapse of a tunnel surrounding rock block based on natural vibration frequency is disclosed, which comprises the following steps:
aiming at the dangerous block uncovered by tunnel excavation, collecting the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous block for rapidly judging the stable state of the dangerous block;
monitoring the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous block in real time aiming at the supported dangerous block, and transmitting the monitoring data to a block collapse disaster prediction system in real time;
the block collapse disaster prediction system is used for predicting the risk of collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks.
Further technical scheme sprays the reflecting paint on the block to dangerous country rock block in the tunnel that has discerned, erects laser vibrometer host computer afterwards, measures the data of reflecting paint department through the laser vibrometer host computer, and the steady state of dangerous block is analyzed afterwards, to unstable and dangerous lower block, takes the processing mode that the machinery was got rid of, to unstable and dangerous higher block, should strut dangerous block.
According to the further technical scheme, a wireless vibration monitoring system is arranged for a block with high danger after being supported, a wireless displacement sensor, a wireless speed sensor and a wireless acceleration sensor are respectively arranged on the surface of the dangerous block, the sensors and surrounding rocks are coupled together through anchoring materials, and the dangerous surrounding rock block is subjected to surrounding rock block collapse disaster monitoring.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
aiming at dangerous blocks uncovered by tunnel excavation, the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous blocks is collected through the laser vibration measurement system, the stable state of the dangerous blocks is rapidly judged, scientific basis is provided for taking corresponding support measures, the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous blocks is monitored in real time through the wireless vibration monitoring system aiming at the supported dangerous blocks, monitoring data are transmitted to the block collapse disaster prediction system in real time, the risk of collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks is predicted through the system, monitoring and early warning of collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks are achieved, tunnel engineering safety construction is facilitated, and collapse disasters of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks are avoided.
The method solves the problem that the traditional stress, strain and displacement monitoring means is difficult to capture the effective disaster information of surrounding rock block collapse. Compared with the prior research, the monitoring method can realize the real-time monitoring of the evolution state of the surrounding rock dangerous block support of the tunnel before and after the support, and is used for the safe construction of the tunnel engineering.
The method can accurately identify the catastrophe precursor information of the tunnel surrounding rock block collapse. Aiming at the dangerous block uncovered by tunnel excavation, the stable state of the dangerous block is rapidly judged through a laser vibration measurement system, so that scientific basis is provided for taking corresponding support measures, and time and construction cost are greatly saved. And aiming at the supported dangerous block, the stable state of the dangerous block is monitored in real time through a wireless vibration monitoring system, the collapse risk of the tunnel surrounding rock block is dynamically predicted, and the monitoring and early warning of the collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock block are realized.
Through the correlation and the combination analysis of displacement information and natural vibration frequency information, in the instability process of the key block, the displacement of the block continuously rises, and the natural vibration frequency gradually falls. The analysis process mainly takes the natural vibration frequency as the main basis, and takes the steep drop of the vibration frequency and the slow rise of the displacement as the main basis of instability, so that the reliability of identification of the catastrophe precursors of the tunnel surrounding rock block collapse can be improved.
This patent simple structure, reasonable in design can effectively real-time supervision tunnel country rock mass calamity that collapses, guarantee tunnel engineering's safe construction, are convenient for popularize and apply on a large scale.
The invention mainly aims at a key block monitoring system, and enriches and perfects a monitoring method aiming at the natural vibration frequency of a key block in a tunnel. The method is characterized in that a laser vibration meter is adopted to monitor the identified block body firstly, the laser vibration meter belongs to non-contact measurement, the method is simple, convenient, rapid and economical, and then a contact type wireless sensor is adopted to monitor the supported block body. Compared with the existing scheme, the scheme is more perfect, more beneficial to implement and more economical, and the requirement of tunnel construction is further met.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
in the figure, 1, a dangerous block exposed by tunnel excavation is excavated; 2. dangerous blocks after supporting in the tunnel; 3. surrounding rocks of the tunnel; 4. a laser vibrometer host; 5. data analysis software; 6. a compensating vibration sensor; 7. a laser source; 8. reflecting paint; 9. a wireless displacement sensor; 10. a wireless speed sensor; 11. a wireless acceleration sensor; 12. an acousto-optic module; 13. a wireless transmission system; 14. a block collapse disaster prediction system.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a tunnel surrounding rock block monitoring system that collapses based on natural vibration frequency, including tunnel laser vibration measurement system, wireless vibration monitoring system and block disaster prediction system that collapses, in tunnel surrounding rock 3, dangerous block 1 to the tunnel excavation reveals, gather the natural vibration frequency of dangerous block through the laser vibration measurement system, differentiate the steady state of dangerous block fast, provide scientific foundation for taking corresponding supporting measures, dangerous block 2 to after strutting in the tunnel, through the natural vibration frequency of dangerous block of wireless vibration monitoring system real-time supervision, and with monitoring data real-time transmission to block disaster prediction system that collapses, through the risk that tunnel surrounding rock block collapses of this system prediction, realize the monitoring early warning that tunnel surrounding rock collapses the block.
Predicting the collapse risk of the tunnel surrounding rock block body, specifically: in the key block instability process, the displacement of the block continuously rises, and the natural vibration frequency gradually falls. The analysis process mainly takes the natural vibration frequency as a main basis, the vibration frequency is steeply reduced, and the displacement slowly rises as a main basis for instability, and when the condition occurs, the risk of collapse of the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel exists.
The tunnel laser vibration measuring system comprises a laser vibration measuring instrument host 4 and data analysis software 5.
The host machine of the laser vibration meter is used for adapting to complex tunnel environment, and is provided with a compensation vibration sensor 6 for measuring the vibration of the instrument itself caused by construction blasting, rock drilling, spray anchoring and the like, and eliminating the vibration in the final measurement result, thereby finally realizing the accurate acquisition of monitoring data.
The laser vibrometer host computer adopts two laser sources 7 for adapting to the environment that tunnel dust concentration is high, humidity is high, wherein fixes a position laser wavelength 600mm, measures laser wavelength 1550nm, and the focus mode is autofocus, and the biggest test distance is 150m.
Tunnel laser vibration measurement system adopts reflective paint 8 as the reflection light source for adaptation tunnel dim environment, exposes the back at the dangerous block in tunnel, sprays reflective paint on the block, measures the data of reflective paint department through laser vibrometer host computer, including displacement, speed, the acceleration of block.
The data analysis software can analyze the change rule of the natural vibration frequency of the rock mass based on dynamic characteristic parameters such as the speed and the acceleration of the rock mass.
The specific principle for analyzing the change rule of the natural vibration frequency of the rock mass is as follows: and obtaining a frequency spectrum graph of the block by Fourier transform according to the speed and acceleration information of the block, wherein the frequency value corresponding to the maximum amplitude point in the frequency spectrum graph is the natural vibration frequency of the block.
The wireless vibration monitoring system comprises a wireless displacement sensor 9, a wireless speed sensor 10 and a wireless acceleration sensor 11 and is used for acquiring dynamic characteristic parameters such as rock mass displacement, speed and acceleration.
The wireless vibration monitoring system is provided with an acousto-optic module 12, and when the block collapse disaster prediction system issues early warning information, the acousto-optic module can synchronously emit sound and flash light to issue the early warning information.
The wireless vibration monitoring system transmits the monitoring data to the block collapse disaster prediction system 14 through the wireless transmission system 13.
A block collapse disaster prediction system analyzes the change rule of the inherent vibration frequency of a rock mass based on dynamic characteristic parameters such as rock mass speed, acceleration and the like, integrates displacement monitoring data of the analyzed block, predicts the collapse risk of a tunnel surrounding rock block, and divides the risk level into 5 levels, namely, a red risk level I, a orange risk level II, a yellow risk level III, a blue risk level IV and a green risk level V.
The data analysis software analyzes the vibration characteristics of the block, such as the natural vibration frequency, only through the speed and acceleration information of the block, and the system analyzes the collapse risk of the block by fusing and analyzing the natural vibration frequency and the displacement information.
During fusion, in the instability process of the key blocks, the displacement of the blocks continuously rises, and the natural vibration frequency gradually falls. The analysis process mainly takes the natural vibration frequency as the main basis, and takes the vibration frequency as the steep drop and the displacement as the main basis for instability.
Aiming at the identified block, the method firstly adopts the laser vibration meter to monitor, the laser vibration meter belongs to non-contact measurement, is simple, convenient, quick and economical, and then adopts a contact type wireless sensor to monitor the supported block.
Firstly, the traditional laser vibration meter is difficult to apply in a tunnel, the problems of measuring point arrangement, vibration excitation method and vibration excitation position, particularly the problem of information extraction, and the key of the method is how to eliminate the vibration of the laser vibration meter caused by construction blasting, rock drilling, spray anchoring and the like.
Secondly, be the wireless sensor problem, this sensor needs monitor displacement, speed, the acceleration of block, functions such as wireless charging, and can sound production light early warning information in step, and this is that traditional sensor can't accomplish.
Example two
The purpose of this embodiment is to provide the above method for monitoring collapse of tunnel surrounding rock mass based on natural vibration frequency, including the following steps:
A. and identifying the dangerous surrounding rock block exposed from the excavated section according to the tunnel early-stage exploration drilling data, the advanced geological forecast data and the tunnel face construction data.
B. The method comprises the steps of spraying reflective paint on a block body aiming at an identified dangerous surrounding rock block body in a tunnel, then erecting a laser vibration meter host machine at a place with small vibration and wide visual field, measuring data at the reflective paint through the laser vibration meter host machine, analyzing the stable state of the dangerous block body based on data analysis software, adopting a mechanical elimination processing mode for the unstable block body with low danger, and adopting local anchoring, combined reinforcement and other modes to support the dangerous block body for the unstable block body with high danger.
C. The method comprises the steps of laying a wireless vibration monitoring system for a block with high danger after being supported, respectively laying a wireless displacement sensor, a wireless speed sensor and a wireless acceleration sensor on the surface of the dangerous block, coupling the sensors and surrounding rocks together by using an anchoring material, coupling the sensors and the surrounding rocks by using an anchoring agent, improving the accuracy of data acquisition, and obtaining data which is self-vibration data of the block. And monitoring the collapse disaster of the surrounding rock block on the dangerous surrounding rock block.
D. Through the disaster prediction system that collapses of the block, the displacement monitoring data of integration analysis block and the change law of natural vibration frequency, it is 5 grades with the risk level that tunnel country rock block collapses to predict out the risk level, i.e. I grade red risk, II grade orange risk, III grade yellow risk, IV grade blue risk, V grade green risk, take the corresponding measures such as issuing calamity early warning notice, notice personnel withdraw, in time consolidate dangerous block and danger area according to predicting the risk level in real time, avoid tunnel country rock block to collapse the calamity emergence.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules or steps of the present disclosure described above can be implemented using general purpose computer means, or alternatively, they can be implemented using program code executable by computing means, whereby the modules or steps may be stored in memory means for execution by the computing means, or separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps thereof may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. A tunnel surrounding rock mass collapse monitoring method based on natural vibration frequency is characterized in that,
aiming at the dangerous block uncovered by tunnel excavation, collecting the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous block for rapidly judging the stable state of the dangerous block;
monitoring the natural vibration frequency of the dangerous block in real time aiming at the supported dangerous block, and transmitting the monitoring data to a block collapse disaster prediction system in real time;
the block collapse disaster prediction system is used for predicting the collapse risk of the tunnel surrounding rock blocks;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out predictive analysis on the collapse risk of a tunnel surrounding rock block, wherein the inherent vibration frequency is taken as a main basis, and the rapid decrease and slow increase of the vibration frequency and the displacement are taken as main basis for judging instability;
spraying reflective paint on the blocks aiming at the identified dangerous surrounding rock blocks in the tunnel, erecting a laser vibration meter host at other positions, measuring data at the reflective paint positions through the laser vibration meter host, then analyzing the stable state of the dangerous blocks, and supporting the unstable blocks with higher danger by adopting a mechanical elimination processing mode for the blocks with instability and lower danger;
aiming at a block with high risk after supporting, laying a wireless vibration monitoring system, respectively laying a wireless displacement sensor, a wireless speed sensor and a wireless acceleration sensor on the surface of the dangerous block, coupling the sensors and surrounding rocks together by using an anchoring material, and monitoring the collapse disaster of the surrounding rock block on the dangerous surrounding rock block;
after the laser vibration meter host acquires monitoring data, analyzing the change rule of the inherent vibration frequency of the rock mass based on the speed and acceleration dynamic characteristic parameters of the rock mass;
analyzing the change rule of the natural vibration frequency of the rock mass based on the characteristic parameters of the speed and acceleration of the rock mass: and obtaining a spectrogram of the object block by Fourier transform according to the speed and acceleration information of the block, wherein the frequency value of the maximum amplitude point in the spectrogram is the natural vibration frequency of the block.
2. The method for monitoring the collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock mass body based on the natural vibration frequency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel laser vibration measurement system comprises a laser vibration meter host, and a compensation vibration sensor is installed on the host and is used for measuring the vibration of the instrument itself caused by the complex environment of the tunnel and rejecting the vibration in the final measurement result as finally obtained monitoring data.
3. The method for monitoring the collapse of the surrounding rock mass of the tunnel based on the natural vibration frequency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless vibration monitoring system comprises a wireless displacement sensor, a wireless speed sensor and a wireless acceleration sensor, and is used for acquiring characteristic parameters of displacement, speed and acceleration of the rock mass;
the wireless displacement sensor, the wireless speed sensor and the wireless acceleration sensor are respectively arranged on the surface of the dangerous block body, and the sensors and the surrounding rock are coupled together by using an anchoring material.
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| CN115217045B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-10-18 | 华北水利水电大学 | Active protection, dynamic monitoring and treatment method for high-speed rail high-slope dangerous stone |
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