CN113464932A - Pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system equipped with hydrogen on-duty flame for stable combustion - Google Patents

Pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system equipped with hydrogen on-duty flame for stable combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113464932A
CN113464932A CN202110926677.8A CN202110926677A CN113464932A CN 113464932 A CN113464932 A CN 113464932A CN 202110926677 A CN202110926677 A CN 202110926677A CN 113464932 A CN113464932 A CN 113464932A
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China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
combustion
pulverized coal
flame
duty
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CN202110926677.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王慧青
赵永坚
赵杰
徐征
徐远纲
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110926677.8A priority Critical patent/CN113464932A/en
Publication of CN113464932A publication Critical patent/CN113464932A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulverized coal boiler combustion system with hydrogen on duty flame stable combustion, which comprises a built-in hydrogen burner arranged in a high-concentration pulverized coal region in a primary air pipe, wherein the tail end of the built-in hydrogen burner is provided with a graded expansion type pulverized coal burner, the high-concentration pulverized coal region is provided with a precombustion chamber, the primary air pipe is provided with a pipeline connected with an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system provides hydrogen for the precombustion chamber, and the pipeline is also communicated with compressed air. The invention adopts hydrogen as combustion improver, ensures that the pulverized coal boiler combustion system has stable combustion capability under ultra-low load in a mode of clean combustion and no negative influence on long-term operation of the boiler, widens the operation load interval of the boiler, improves and promotes the flexibility of the unit, utilizes the existing resource conditions of the coal-fired power plant, adopts an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production process, reduces the hydrogen storage and transportation links, reduces the safety risk, and realizes the random use and the random production of hydrogen.

Description

Pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system equipped with hydrogen on-duty flame for stable combustion
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexibility modification and deep peak regulation of coal-fired power plants, in particular to a pulverized coal boiler combustion system with hydrogen on-duty flame stable combustion.
Background
Under the influence of coal quality, equipment conditions and the like of a power plant, the peak regulation capacity of a thermal power generating unit in China is generally only 50% of rated capacity under a pure condensation working condition at present, and the consumption of renewable energy sources with continuously increased installed scale cannot be met. The low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler is one of key factors for limiting the unit to further improve the peak regulation capability, the stable combustion capability of the boiler under a low-load state and even an ultra-low load is improved, the thermal power unit can safely and stably operate under a lower load without causing flameout accidents, and therefore deep peak regulation is achieved, and the problem to be solved urgently at present is also a current research difficulty.
The method adopts a special combustion-supporting technology to enhance the combustion stability, is an important means for improving the low-load combustion stability of the boiler at present, and comprises the following combustion-supporting technical means which can be adopted aiming at the deep peak regulation working condition of a unit at present:
the micro-oil ignition burner supports combustion. The micro-oil ignition combustion-supporting technology is developed on the basis of the traditional oil gun ignition technology, and is more oil-saving than the traditional oil gun. However, in the aspect of low-load stable combustion, the boiler is in an oil-coal mixed combustion state due to the combustion supporting of the micro oil, so that adverse effects are brought to environment-friendly equipment, and the boiler can cause damages to desulfurization, denitration, dust removal and the like after long-term operation.
The plasma ignition burner supports combustion. Plasma ignition combustion supporting mainly depends on obtaining direct current air plasma with stable power under a strong magnetic field to form a local high temperature area with the temperature being more than 5000K; the pulverized coal particles pass through a high-temperature region to rapidly release volatile matters and break the pulverized coal particles, so that the pulverized coal particles are rapidly combusted. However, the cathode head of the plasma igniter has short service life, the cathode head needs to be frequently replaced for long-term deep peak regulation, the cost is high, and meanwhile, the continuity of unit operation is also influenced.
The oxygen-enriched tiny-oil ignition burner supports combustion. The technology adopts a small-space self-stabilization combustion principle and utilizes the characteristic of oxygen enhanced combustion to ensure that primary air powder is actively ignited and combusted in advance in the oxygen-enriched combustor to enter a hearth in a stable combustion state, and flameout due to unstable combustion caused by too low thermal load in a furnace is avoided in the low-load operation process, so that deep peak regulation of a unit is realized. However, the oxygen-enriched micro-oil technology also has the defects that a complex oxygen adding system needs to be equipped, environmental protection equipment is influenced by oil-coal co-combustion and the like.
And the natural gas ignition burner is used for supporting combustion. The technology adopts an active stable combustion structure and a control design method, utilizes air and fuel gas to fully premix and combust in a small space of a combustor to generate a high-temperature combustion center, ignites pulverized coal flow in the small space, and then ignites the whole primary air pulverized coal flow in a grading manner. On the premise of ensuring safe and stable operation of the burner, the whole primary air-powder mixture can enter the hearth in a stable ignition and combustion state by utilizing trace gas, and flameout due to unstable combustion caused by too low thermal load of the hearth is avoided, so that the functions of deep peak shaving of a unit and boiler ignition are realized. However, the technology is only suitable for power plants with surrounding natural gas resource conditions, and the application of the technology is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pulverized coal boiler combustion system with hydrogen on-duty flame for stable combustion, which fully considers the requirement of deep peak regulation of a boiler, aims to improve the low-load stable combustion capacity of the boiler, simultaneously considers the economy, utilizes ammonia for denitration of a coal-fired power plant to prepare hydrogen, adopts the principles of partial premixed combustion and dilute combustion, designs the structure and the arrangement scheme of a hydrogen combustor, and adopts the on-duty flame as a core means in the whole combustion-supporting technology, and the whole combustion-supporting technology is expanded in a grading, partitioning and layer-by-layer manner, thereby ensuring the aim of improving the combustion stability of pulverized coal airflow by using a small amount of hydrogen.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a pulverized coal boiler combustion system with hydrogen on-duty flame stable combustion comprises a built-in hydrogen burner arranged in a high-concentration pulverized coal region in a primary air pipe, a graded expansion type pulverized coal burner is arranged at the tail end of the built-in hydrogen burner, a pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the high-concentration pulverized coal region, a pipeline connected with an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system is arranged on the primary air pipe, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system provides hydrogen for the pre-combustion chamber, and the pipeline is communicated with compressed air.
The primary air-powder airflow in the primary air pipe is separated and concentrated by a central coal powder concentrator to form a central fuel-rich area.
The built-in hydrogen burner adopts a jet flow suction type structure.
The system forms on-duty flame through the combustion of a small amount of hydrogen at a low-load stage, heats surrounding high-concentration coal dust to form a fire core, and stabilizes the combustion of the main coal dust flow.
After the hydrogen on-duty flame is put into the low load, two-stage combustion is formed in the whole combustion area, wherein the first-stage combustion is heating and ignition of the high-concentration coal dust airflow kernel by the hydrogen on-duty flame, and the second-stage combustion is heating and ignition of the whole coal dust airflow by the first-stage coal dust flame kernel.
When the system runs at a high load, hydrogen on-duty flame is not put into the system, and a small amount of compressed air is introduced to cool the hydrogen combustor; when the low-load operation is carried out, compressed air enters the hydrogen combustor in a jet flow mode, hydrogen is sucked and enters synchronously, and the compressed air is sprayed and combusted after passing through the premixing section to form on-duty flame.
The hydrogen combustor adopts a partial premixing combustion mode, and hydrogen is sucked by compressed air and is sprayed and combusted after being mixed in a transition mode, so that continuous and stable hydrogen flame is guaranteed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the pulverized coal boiler combustion system with the hydrogen on-duty flame stable combustion, the hydrogen combustor is arranged in the primary air pipe, hydrogen is introduced to form on-duty flame at low load, and stable combustion of main pulverized coal airflow is maintained under the direct action of high temperature and flame, so that the purpose of greatly improving the low-load stable combustion capacity of the boiler is achieved.
Compared with the prior art of combustor combustion supporting, the invention fully considers the requirement of boiler deep peak shaving, aims to realize stable input of combustor combustion supporting and stable combustion of the boiler under long-term deep shaving load, and simultaneously provides support for high-flexibility operation of a coal-fired unit. In the invention, hydrogen capable of realizing clean combustion is taken as the combustion improver in the selection of the combustion improver, and the combustion product of the hydrogen is steam, so that no negative influence is generated on the combustion and the operation of the boiler. In addition, the hydrogen flame has high temperature, high combustion speed and high combustion strength, and the characteristics are favorable for forming a flame core and stabilizing the combustion of the pulverized coal airflow. Based on the resource endowment conditions of the coal-fired power plant, the invention provides the method for preparing hydrogen by adopting ammonia for denitration, which realizes the purpose of use and preparation at any time, reduces the links of hydrogen storage and transportation and reduces the safety risk of hydrogen use. The hydrogen combustor is arranged in the primary air pipe, so that the coal powder airflow inner core can be directly heated conveniently to form a high-temperature one-stage combustion fire core, the combustion energy is gradually amplified by small belts and large and gradually expanded, and the coal powder is combusted and expanded to the main airflow, so that the purpose of stabilizing the coal powder combustion is achieved.
The design of the hydrogen combustor adopts partial premixing combustion and dilute combustion modes, thereby ensuring the stability of hydrogen flame and ensuring that the flame on duty is not extinguished in the primary air pipe. The hydrogen is pumped by compressed air and is sprayed out for combustion after being mixed in a transition way, so that the hydrogen flame can be continuously stable. After hydrogen on-duty flame is put in under low load, two-stage combustion is formed in the whole combustion area, the first-stage combustion is heating and ignition of the hydrogen on-duty flame to the high-concentration coal powder airflow inner core, and the second-stage combustion is heating and ignition of the whole coal powder airflow by the first-stage coal powder flame kernel, so that stable combustion of the whole flame is realized under the condition of consuming a small amount of hydrogen.
The invention gives consideration to the operation working conditions under different loads, and when the high-load operation is carried out, hydrogen flame on duty is not put into the hydrogen burner, and a small amount of compressed air is introduced to cool the hydrogen burner; when the low-load operation is carried out, compressed air enters the hydrogen combustor in a jet flow mode, hydrogen is sucked and enters synchronously, and the compressed air is sprayed and combusted after passing through the premixing section to form on-duty flame. This ensures the safety of the hydrogen burner at high load and also gives the combustion system flexibility in a wider load range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the pulverized coal boiler combustion system with hydrogen on-duty flame stable combustion provided by the invention comprises an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system (hydrogen supply system), a built-in hydrogen burner, a primary air pipe, a central pulverized coal concentrator, a hydrogen pre-combustion chamber, a secondary air duct and pulverized coal burner nozzles.
The hydrogen supply system utilizes the resource conditions of the prior art of the coal-fired power plant, and prepares hydrogen by taking ammonia as a raw material for the hydrogen stable combustion system, thereby reducing the storage and transportation links of hydrogen, realizing the use and preparation of hydrogen at any time and reducing the safety risk. The built-in hydrogen burner is arranged in the center of the primary air pipe, a jet flow suction type structure is adopted, compressed air sucks hydrogen when passing through the jet flow device, and the hydrogen and air are premixed through the transition section, so that a foundation is laid for forming hydrogen flame on duty. In order to reduce the consumption of hydrogen, a partial premixing and a dilute combustion mode are adopted, and a precombustion chamber is arranged at the same time. The precombustion chamber is positioned in a high-concentration coal powder area in the primary air pipe, primary air powder airflow is separated and concentrated through the central coal powder concentrator to form a central fuel-rich area, and the hydrogen on-duty flame heats and ignites the high-concentration coal powder airflow in the central fuel-rich area to form a fire core. Due to the pre-combustion chamber, the heat of the hydrogen on-duty flame is accumulated in a limited space and is not easy to dissipate, which is favorable for forming local high temperature so as to further heat the pilot pulverized coal airflow. And volatile components escape after high-concentration pulverized coal particles in the central fuel-rich area are heated, and the combustible gas is a powerful supplement for the dilute combustion of hydrogen. The arrangement of the precombustion chamber plays an important role in hydrogen on-duty flame and stable combustion of pulverized coal airflow from the aspects of heat accumulation and dilute combustion promotion, so that the consumption of hydrogen is reduced, and the invention becomes an economical burner combustion-supporting technology.
In the invention, the hydrogen on-duty flame is designed to be on duty under a low-load working condition so as to ensure the combustion stability of the pulverized coal burner in a low-load section, particularly a deep load adjustment section. Meanwhile, due to the addition of hydrogen on-duty flame, the stable combustion load range of the pulverized coal burner is greatly widened. The invention creatively applies the technology of partial premixed combustion and dilute combustion of hydrogen, realizes the dilute combustion by quantitatively controlling the amount of sucked hydrogen through compressed air, and simultaneously arranges hydrogen flame in the precombustion chamber to realize the conversion from common easy-to-blow-out unstable flame to highly stable on-duty flame. Volatile gas escaping from the precombustion chamber after the pulverized coal particles are heated is gradually added in the middle and later stages of hydrogen flame combustion and promotes the combustion, so that the development of dilute combustion is promoted, and the stability of flame is enhanced.
The specific operation modes of the invention under different loads are as follows: when the boiler is in high-load operation, hydrogen flame on duty is not put into the boiler, a small amount of compressed air is introduced to cool the hydrogen burner, so that the hydrogen burner is in a purging state, and the coal dust airflow is prevented from flowing backwards into a hydrogen burner pipeline to block an air nozzle; when the device is in low-load operation, compressed air enters the hydrogen combustor in a jet flow mode, hydrogen from the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device is sucked and enters synchronously, and the compressed air is sprayed and combusted after passing through the transition premixing section to form on-duty flame. This ensures the safety of the hydrogen burner at high load and also gives the combustion system flexibility in a wider load range.
The invention fully considers the characteristics of low-load combustion organization of the pulverized coal fired boiler, considers the requirements of clean combustion and long-term operation of the boiler, adopts hydrogen as a combustion improver, and selects an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production process to prepare the hydrogen by fully depending on the existing resource conditions of a coal-fired power plant. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system is used as a hydrogen supply system, can realize instant preparation and instant supply, simplifies the storage and transportation links of the conventional hydrogen supply system, and reduces the safety risk.
The invention adopts a new technology of a built-in hydrogen burner and a precombustion chamber, and combines the concentration of central coal dust, thereby greatly reducing the consumption of hydrogen as a combustion improver. Meanwhile, in order to form efficient and stable on-duty flame, innovative hydrogen combustion technology combining partial premixed combustion and dilute combustion is adopted, so that the precursor core-hydrogen on-duty flame of the combustion system can achieve real self-stabilization. On the basis of the stable combustion design of the pulverized coal burner, the invention also designs the staged expansion combustion of pulverized coal airflow on the basis of utilizing hydrogen on-duty flame, the hydrogen on-duty flame is firstly heated and ignited and stabilizes the combustion of high-concentration pulverized coal airflow in a central fuel-rich area to form a fire core in the pulverized coal airflow, the combustion is also developed to a dilute phase area along with the movement of the pulverized coal airflow, and finally, the pulverized coal flame reaches the vigorous stage of full development due to the addition of secondary air at the nozzle position of the burner. Because the stable high-temperature heat source-fire core exists in the pulverized coal airflow, the external ignition heat required by the whole pulverized coal airflow is greatly reduced, which greatly relieves the phenomenon of unstable flame caused by lower temperature of a hearth during operation under deep-regulation load, thereby achieving the purpose of stable combustion under ultralow load.
In summary, the invention aims at the requirements of flexibility modification of a unit and deep peak regulation of a boiler, and adopts a built-in hydrogen burner and hydrogen as a combustion improver to ensure that a pulverized coal boiler combustion system has the capability of stable combustion under ultra-low load in a mode of clean combustion and no negative influence on long-term operation of the boiler, so that the operation load interval of the boiler is widened, the flexibility of the unit is improved and promoted, and the pulverized coal boiler combustion system is a modification technology which can be applied to flexibility modification or deep peak regulation modification of a thermal power unit. Meanwhile, the invention fully considers hydrogen as the source of the combustion improver, utilizes the existing resource conditions of the coal-fired power plant, and adopts the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production process, thereby not only reducing the hydrogen storage and transportation links, reducing the safety risk, but also realizing the random use and preparation of the hydrogen. The invention adopts the design of a built-in hydrogen burner and a precombustion chamber on the formation of the hydrogen on-duty flame technology, creatively applies an innovative combustion technology combining partial premixed combustion and dilute combustion, greatly reduces the consumption of hydrogen on the premise of keeping the stable combustion performance of the hydrogen on-duty flame on the pulverized coal airflow, and is a saving and environment-friendly stable combustion mode.

Claims (7)

1. The pulverized coal boiler combustion system is characterized by comprising a built-in hydrogen burner arranged in a high-concentration pulverized coal region in a primary air pipe, wherein a graded expansion type pulverized coal burner is arranged at the tail end of the built-in hydrogen burner, a pre-combustion chamber is arranged in the high-concentration pulverized coal region, a pipeline connected with an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system is arranged on the primary air pipe, the ammonia decomposition hydrogen production system provides hydrogen for the pre-combustion chamber, and the pipeline is communicated with compressed air.
2. The pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system equipped with hydrogen flame on duty for stable combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary air-pulverized gas flow in the primary air duct is separated and concentrated by a central pulverized coal concentrator to form a central fuel-rich region.
3. The pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system equipped with hydrogen flame on duty for stable combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that the built-in hydrogen burner adopts a jet flow suction type structure.
4. The pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system with hydrogen on-duty flame steady combustion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said system forms on-duty flame by combustion of a small amount of hydrogen at low load stage, heating surrounding high concentration pulverized coal to form fire core, stabilizing combustion of pulverized coal main gas flow.
5. The pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system with hydrogen flame on duty according to claim 4 characterized in that after hydrogen flame on duty is thrown under low load, the whole combustion area forms two-stage combustion, the one-stage combustion is heating and igniting of the hydrogen flame on duty to the inner core of high concentration pulverized coal airflow, and the two-stage combustion is heating and igniting of the whole pulverized coal airflow by the one-stage pulverized coal flame check.
6. The pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system with hydrogen flame on duty for stable combustion as claimed in claim 4, wherein when the system is operated under high load, the hydrogen flame on duty is not put into use, and a small amount of compressed air is introduced to cool the hydrogen burner; when the low-load operation is carried out, compressed air enters the hydrogen combustor in a jet flow mode, hydrogen is sucked and enters synchronously, and the compressed air is sprayed and combusted after passing through the premixing section to form on-duty flame.
7. The pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system with hydrogen flame on duty as set forth in claim 1, wherein the hydrogen burner is in a partially premixed combustion mode, and the hydrogen is sucked by compressed air and is sprayed out for combustion after being mixed in a transitional manner, so as to ensure continuous and stable hydrogen flame.
CN202110926677.8A 2021-08-12 2021-08-12 Pulverized coal fired boiler combustion system equipped with hydrogen on-duty flame for stable combustion Pending CN113464932A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN116772199B (en) * 2023-06-25 2024-04-05 北京天地融创科技股份有限公司 Stable burner

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Application publication date: 20211001