CN113028393A - Ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation - Google Patents
Ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113028393A CN113028393A CN202110409522.7A CN202110409522A CN113028393A CN 113028393 A CN113028393 A CN 113028393A CN 202110409522 A CN202110409522 A CN 202110409522A CN 113028393 A CN113028393 A CN 113028393A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
- F23D1/02—Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation, which comprises a low-load stable combustion bypass, a low-load combustion nozzle, a primary air pipe, a primary air nozzle, an inner secondary air nozzle, an outer secondary air nozzle, a central air pipe, a first-stage exhaust air pipe, a second-stage exhaust air pipe, a central air starter and an isolation baffle plate, wherein the low-load stable combustion bypass is connected with the primary air pipe through the primary air nozzle; the invention fully considers the requirement of deep peak regulation of the boiler, simultaneously considers the flexible switching under high load and low load, and the burner can still maintain the optimal pulverized coal concentration and primary air speed of pulverized coal airflow under extremely low load by a low-load stable combustion bypass, assisting two-stage concentration and dilution separation, configuring a special low-load combustion nozzle and using low-load cyclone secondary air, thereby ensuring the combustion stability. The lean powder flow after the two-stage concentration and dilution separation is used as exhaust gas, returns to the primary air pipe from the two-stage exhaust air pipe and finally enters the primary air nozzle for combustion, so that staged combustion is realized, and the method has a certain positive significance for reducing NOx emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flexibility modification and deep peak regulation of coal-fired power plants, and particularly relates to an ultra-low load stable-combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation.
Background
With the large increase of the installed scale of new energy, wind power and photovoltaic power generation have strong randomness, and the load change is large in a certain time period, so that certain negative effects are generated on the operation reliability of a power grid. In order to improve the consumption capability of renewable energy, a coal-fired thermal power generating unit bearing more than half of the generated energy of a power grid must be capable of flexibly and quickly adjusting the load, and meanwhile, the peak-to-valley difference of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation is considered to be large, the peak regulation capability of the coal-fired thermal power generating unit needs to be excavated as much as possible, the minimum technical output of the unit is further explored downwards, and the deep peak regulation is realized.
Under the influence of coal quality, equipment conditions and the like of a power plant, the peak regulation capacity of a thermal power generating unit in China is generally only 50% of rated capacity under a pure condensation working condition at present, and the consumption of renewable energy sources with continuously increased installed scale cannot be met. The low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler is one of key factors for limiting the unit to further improve the peak regulation capability, the stable combustion capability of the boiler under a low-load state and even an ultra-low load is improved, the thermal power unit can safely and stably operate under a lower load without causing flameout accidents, and therefore deep peak regulation is achieved, and the problem to be solved urgently at present is also a current research difficulty.
The pulverized coal burner with strong combustion stabilizing capability and better combustion stabilizing effect is a main measure and method for improving the low-load combustion stabilizing capability of the boiler. In recent 20 years, various pulverized coal burners with better combustion stabilizing effect have been successfully developed at home and abroad, such as WR burners developed by American CE company, PM burners developed by Mitsubishi Seisaku, bluff body burners of the university of China science and technology, flame stabilizing boat burners, precombustion chamber burners of the university of Qinghua, and various types of cyclone burners. At present, the burners are partially applied to coal-fired boilers in China and achieve good stable combustion effect; however, if the non-oil-feeding and stable-combustion load of the boiler needs to be reduced to below 30% or even 25% of rated load, the difficulty is still large.
With the large-scale spreading of the flexibility modification of the thermal power generating unit, the pulverized coal burner which is specially designed for deep peak regulation and has stronger stable combustion capability under the ultra-low load working condition has wide development prospect, and simultaneously is necessary requirement for further developing the peak regulation capability of the boiler.
The existing large-scale power station pulverized coal boilers all adopt direct-fired pulverizing systems, and when the load of the boilers is reduced, the output of a coal mill is also reduced, so that the A/C (mass ratio) of air and pulverized coal in an air-powder mixture directly sent to a combustor by the coal mill is increased (namely, the concentration of the pulverized coal in primary air is reduced). Generally, when the pulverized coal furnace is operated at low load, the main factors influencing the stability of the pulverized coal flare are as follows: fuel properties (mainly the content of volatiles and the ratio of fixed carbon to volatiles FC/V in the fuel); furnace thermal load of the burner region; the temperature of the primary air and the secondary air and the mass ratio A/C of the air and the coal powder in the primary air. However, when the boiler operates at low load, the A/C ratio can be increased along with the reduction of the output of the coal mill, and when the A/C ratio is increased to a certain limit value, the instability of pulverized coal combustion can be caused, so that the peak regulation capacity of the boiler is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation aiming at the existing cyclone pulverized coal burner, fully considering the requirement of deep peak regulation and aiming at realizing stable combustion under the ultra-low load working condition.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation comprises a low-load stable combustion bypass, a low-load combustion nozzle, a primary air pipe, a primary air nozzle, an inner secondary air nozzle, an outer secondary air nozzle, a central air pipe, a first-stage exhaust air pipe, a second-stage exhaust air pipe, a central air rotator and an isolation baffle;
the inlet end of the low-load stable combustion bypass is led out by a primary air pipe, the leading-out part is switched between a high position and a low-load position through an isolation baffle, the outlet end of the low-load stable combustion bypass penetrates through a central air pipe and is provided with a low-load combustion nozzle, a first-stage exhaust air pipe and a second-stage exhaust air pipe are connected between the low-load stable combustion bypass and the primary air pipe, a central air rotator is arranged between the low-load stable combustion bypass and the central air pipe, the outlet end of the primary air pipe is provided with a primary air nozzle, and the outer side of the primary air nozzle is sequentially provided with an inner secondary air nozzle and an outer secondary.
The invention is further improved in that a low-load pulverized coal reconcentration device and a low-load exhaust gas separation device are arranged in the low-load stable combustion bypass.
The invention has the further improvement that the low-load coal powder re-concentration device ensures that the air-powder mixture turns twice, and the gas-solid two phases are partially separated under the action of inertia force.
The invention has the further improvement that the position of the isolation baffle plate is adjustable, and the isolation baffle plate can be switched between a high-load position and a low-load position according to the load requirement.
The invention has the further improvement that when the isolation baffle is in a high-load position, the primary air-powder mixture does not enter the low-load stable combustion bypass and is sent to the primary air nozzle of the cyclone burner along the primary air pipe for combustion.
The invention has the further improvement that when the isolation baffle is positioned at the low-load position, the primary air-powder mixture enters the low-load stable combustion bypass, after two times of shade separation, the rich-powder flow enters the low-load combustion nozzle to ignite and combust, and the lean-powder flow returns to the primary air pipe through the first-stage exhaust air pipe and the second-stage exhaust air pipe and enters the primary air nozzle to combust.
The invention has the further improvement that when the low-load combustion nozzle is operated at low load, the low-load rotational flow secondary air is arranged at the low-load combustion nozzle, is sourced from a secondary air large air box and is divided into two purposes under the working conditions of high load and low load.
The invention has the further improvement that when the load is high, the central wind starter is closed, and the secondary wind is used as the central wind to cool the burner and organize the reflux area; and during low load, the central wind starter is opened, and the secondary wind is used as rotational flow secondary wind of the low-load combustion nozzle after being started by the rotational flow blades, so that the effects of organizing low-load combustion and refluxing high-temperature smoke and maintaining stable combustion of the low-load combustion nozzle are achieved.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides an ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation, wherein a low-load stable combustion bypass is arranged on a primary air pipe main path in parallel, the position of an isolation baffle is adjusted to a low-load gear at low load, primary air powder airflow completely enters the low-load stable combustion bypass, through twice turning thick and thin separation, high-concentration coal powder contained in rich powder flow flows to a low-load combustion nozzle to enter a hearth for ignition and combustion, and lean powder flow, namely exhaust gas returns to the primary air pipe main path through an exhaust pipe.
Compared with the existing stable combustion technology of the pulverized coal burner, the invention fully considers the requirement of deep peak regulation of the boiler, aims to realize stable combustion of the boiler under the condition of lower than the conventional load or ultralow load and deep load regulation, and adopts the low-load stable combustion bypass to ensure that the pulverized coal burner can be freely switched under the working conditions of high load and low load in order to take account of the change requirements of different loads in daily operation of the boiler, thereby avoiding the difference of the combustion conditions under high load and low load, ensuring the stability of low-load combustion of the burner under the conditions of optimal pulverized coal concentration and air distribution of the low-load combustion nozzle of the burner under low load, and realizing stable operation under the lowest output of 15 percent of the load of the burner. The invention utilizes the inertia separation technology and gives consideration to the structural characteristics of the primary air pipe, two-stage turning shade separation is arranged in the low-load stable combustion bypass, and exhausted air after the first-stage shade separation and the second-stage shade separation is led out by the exhausted air pipe and enters the basic load combustion nozzle after being converged. The two-stage concentration and dilution separation of the primary air-powder mixture at low load can fully ensure that the mass ratio A/C of air and coal powder is in a better level and is not too large, thereby avoiding the problem that the ignition heat of coal powder airflow is increased due to the mixing of excessive air, so that the stable ignition and combustion are difficult to occur. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the proper flow velocity of the air-powder mixture and prevent the phenomena of coal powder deposition and the like caused by the low flow velocity of the coal powder airflow after the exhaust gas separation, the low-load stable combustion bypass adopts a two-stage reducing design in the selection of the pipe diameter, and the powder conveying flow velocity and the primary air speed at the nozzle are ensured. The separated two exhaust gases return to the original primary air pipe and enter the basic load combustion nozzle, under the combined action of the internal heat source of the low-load combustion nozzle torch and the external backflow flue gas, the pulverized coal particles in the exhaust gases are ignited and combusted, and the air in the exhaust gases plays a role in oxygen supplementation. The invention skillfully utilizes the central wind structure of the cyclone burner, and the low-load cyclone secondary wind is arranged at the low-load combustion nozzle, is sourced from the large wind box of the secondary wind, and is divided into two purposes under the working conditions of high load and low load. When the load is high, the starter is closed, and the secondary air is used as central air to cool the nozzle and organize a backflow area; and when the low load is generated, the rotator is opened, and the secondary air is rotated by the rotational flow blades to be used as rotational flow secondary air of the low-load combustion nozzle, so that the effects of organizing low-load combustion and refluxing high-temperature flue gas and maintaining stable combustion of the low-load nozzle are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peaking in accordance with the present invention.
The notation in the figure is:
1 is a low-load stable combustion bypass, 2 is a low-load combustion nozzle, 3 is a first-stage exhaust air pipe, 4 is a second-stage exhaust air pipe, 5 is a central air starter, and 6 is an isolation baffle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving provided by the invention comprises a low-load stable combustion bypass 1, a low-load combustion nozzle 2, a primary air pipe, a primary air nozzle, an inner secondary air nozzle, an outer secondary air nozzle, a central air pipe, a first-stage exhaust air pipe 3, a second-stage exhaust air pipe 4, a central air swing device 5 and an isolation baffle 6. Wherein the low-load stable combustion bypass 1 is led out by a primary air pipe, and the led-out position is switched between a high-load position and a low-load position through an isolation baffle 6. When the isolation baffle 6 is in a high-load position, the primary air-powder mixture does not enter the low-load stable combustion bypass 1 and is sent to a primary air nozzle of the cyclone burner along a primary air pipe for combustion; when the isolation baffle 6 is in a low-load position, the primary air-powder mixture enters the low-load stable combustion bypass 1, after two times of concentration separation, the rich powder flow enters the low-load combustion nozzle 2 to be ignited and combusted, and the lean powder flows through the first-stage exhaust air pipe 3 and the second-stage exhaust air pipe 4 to return to the primary air pipe to enter the primary air nozzle to be combusted. The central wind of the cyclone burner is from the secondary wind large wind box and is divided into two purposes under the working conditions of high load and low load. When the load is high, the central wind starter 5 is closed, and the secondary wind is used as central wind to cool the nozzle and organize a backflow area; and in low load, the central wind starter 5 is started, and the secondary wind is used as rotational flow secondary wind of the low-load combustion nozzle 2 after being started by the rotational flow blades, so that the effects of organizing low-load combustion and refluxing high-temperature smoke and maintaining stable combustion of the low-load combustion nozzle 2 are achieved.
When the device works at a high load, the isolation baffle 6 is at a high load position, the low-load stable combustion bypass 1 is cut off, the primary air-powder mixture enters the primary air nozzle along the primary air pipe for combustion, and the inner secondary air and the outer secondary air of the cyclone burner are respectively fed along the respective air channels to form a backflow zone for tissue combustion; when the air-powder combustion device works at a low load, the primary air pipe is isolated at the position of the isolation baffle 6, the primary air-powder mixture is guided to enter the low-load stable combustion bypass 1, after twice thick-thin separation, the rich-powder flow enters the low-load combustion nozzle 2 to be ignited and combusted, and the poor-powder flow returns to the primary air pipe through the first-stage exhaust air pipe 3 and the second-stage exhaust air pipe 4 to enter the primary air nozzle to be combusted. The central wind of the cyclone burner is from the secondary wind large wind box and is divided into two purposes under the working conditions of high load and low load. When the load is high, the central wind starter 5 is closed, and the secondary wind is used as central wind to cool the nozzle and organize a backflow area; and in low load, the central wind starter 5 is started, and the secondary wind is used as rotational flow secondary wind of the low-load combustion nozzle 2 after being started by the rotational flow blades, so that the effects of organizing low-load combustion and refluxing high-temperature smoke and maintaining stable combustion of the low-load combustion nozzle are achieved.
The combustor can maintain the coal dust airflow under the optimal coal dust concentration under different working conditions of high load and low load, and the two-stage concentration and dilution separation of the primary air-powder mixture under the low load can fully ensure that the mass ratio A/C of air and coal dust is in a better level and is not too large, so that the problems of difficult stable ignition and combustion caused by the increase of ignition heat of the coal dust airflow due to the mixing of excessive air are avoided. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the proper flow velocity of the air-powder mixture and prevent the phenomena of coal powder deposition and the like caused by the low flow velocity of the coal powder airflow after the exhaust gas separation, the low-load stable combustion bypass adopts a two-stage reducing design in the selection of the pipe diameter, and the powder conveying flow velocity and the primary air speed at the nozzle are ensured. The separated two exhaust gases return to the original primary air pipe and enter the basic load combustion nozzle, under the combined action of the internal heat source of the low-load combustion nozzle torch and the external backflow flue gas, the pulverized coal particles in the exhaust gases are ignited and combusted, and the air in the exhaust gases plays a role in oxygen supplementation.
The invention fully considers the importance of low-load combustion organization, and the central wind is used as the rotational flow secondary wind of the low-load combustion nozzle during low-load combustion by adding the starter, so that the high-temperature smoke is sucked by the formed backflow area, and the stability of low-load combustion is ensured. Meanwhile, the central air pipe is used, so that the structure of the burner is simplified, and the improvement of the burner is more convenient.
The invention adopts a strategy of implementing two-stage thick-thin separation in a low-load stable combustion bypass, carries out inertia separation through a turning structure in order to simplify the structure and the arrangement, simultaneously takes the lean powder flow as exhaust gas to return to a primary air pipe in two stages, and the whole coal powder re-concentration and exhaust gas separation returning system has simple structure arrangement and good usability.
In summary, the invention, aiming at the requirement of deep peak shaving of the boiler, enables the combustor to be flexibly switched to the high and low load operation states according to different load working conditions by arranging the low-load stable combustion bypass, and is a reforming technology which can be applied to flexible reforming or deep peak shaving reforming of the thermal power generating unit. Meanwhile, the invention fully utilizes the original structure of the combustor, has two purposes of central air, can not only be used for swirl secondary air to organize the ignition combustion of the low-load combustion nozzle at the low load, but also be used for the central air at the high load. The invention adopts two-stage concentration separation at low load, can realize that the airflow of the coal powder is in the optimum coal powder concentration level, and avoids that the air/coal powder mass ratio A/C deviates from the optimum value of the combustion working condition and is overlarge due to the requirements of ventilation and coal powder conveying of a coal mill at extremely low load; meanwhile, in order to ensure the proper flow velocity of the air-powder mixture and prevent the phenomena of coal powder deposition and the like caused by the low flow velocity of the coal powder airflow after the exhaust gas separation, the low-load stable combustion bypass adopts a two-stage reducing design in the selection of the pipe diameter, and the powder conveying flow velocity and the primary air speed at the nozzle are ensured. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner is a rotational flow pulverized coal burner which has strong flexibility and simple structure, can maintain stable combustion under lower load and is suitable for deep peak regulation.
Claims (8)
1. An ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak regulation is characterized by comprising a low-load stable combustion bypass (1), a low-load combustion nozzle (2), a primary air pipe, a primary air nozzle, an inner secondary air nozzle, an outer secondary air nozzle, a central air pipe, a first-stage exhaust air pipe (3), a second-stage exhaust air pipe (4), a central air swing device (5) and an isolation baffle (6);
the entrance point of the low-load stable combustion bypass (1) is led out by a primary air pipe, the leading-out position is switched between a high position and a low-load position through an isolation baffle (6), the outlet end of the low-load stable combustion bypass (1) penetrates through a central air pipe, and is provided with a low-load combustion nozzle (2), a first-stage ventilation air pipe (3) and a second-stage ventilation air pipe (4) are connected between the low-load stable combustion bypass (1) and the primary air pipe, a central air starter (5) is arranged between the low-load stable combustion bypass (1) and the central air pipe, the outlet end of the primary air pipe is provided with a primary air nozzle, and the outer side of the primary air nozzle is sequentially provided with an inner secondary air nozzle and an outer.
2. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that a low-load pulverized coal reconcentration device and a low-load exhaust gas separation device are arranged in the low-load stable combustion bypass (1).
3. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving according to claim 2, characterized in that the low-load pulverized coal reconcentration device makes the air-powder mixture pass through two turns, and the gas-solid two phases are partially separated under the action of inertia force.
4. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving is characterized in that the position of the isolation baffle plate (6) is adjustable, and the isolation baffle plate can be switched between a high load position and a low load position according to load requirements.
5. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that when the isolation baffle (6) is in a high load position, the primary air-powder mixture does not enter the low-load stable combustion bypass (1) and is fed into the primary air nozzle of the cyclone burner along the primary air pipe for combustion.
6. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that when the isolation baffle (6) is in the low-load position, the primary air-powder mixture enters the low-load stable combustion bypass (1), after two times of concentration separation, the rich-powder flow enters the low-load combustion nozzle (2) for ignition and combustion, and the lean-powder flow returns to the primary air pipe through the first stage exhaust air pipe (3) and the second stage exhaust air pipe (4) and enters the primary air nozzle for combustion.
7. The ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that during low load operation, a low-load swirling secondary air is arranged at a low-load combustion nozzle, and the swirling secondary air is derived from a secondary air large air box and is divided into two purposes under high and low load working conditions.
8. An ultra-low load stable combustion burner suitable for deep peak shaving according to claim 7, characterized in that, at high load, the central wind starter (5) is closed, and the secondary wind is used as central wind to cool the burner nozzle and organize the recirculation zone; and when the load is low, the central wind starter (5) is opened, and the secondary wind is used as rotational flow secondary wind of the low-load combustion nozzle (2) after being started by the rotational flow blades, so that the functions of organizing low-load combustion and refluxing high-temperature smoke and maintaining stable combustion of the low-load combustion nozzle (2) are achieved.
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| CN113654047A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-16 | 杭州浙大天元科技有限公司 | Full-load section gas-coal coupling cluster burner |
| CN114001350A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-01 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Novel direct-current combustor and control method thereof |
| CN116878018A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-13 | 国能双辽发电有限公司 | Fan coal mill pulverizing system capable of improving deep regulating capacity |
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Application publication date: 20210625 |