CN113461654B - 生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料在co2环加成反应中的应用 - Google Patents
生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料在co2环加成反应中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物基金属‑有机气凝胶材料在CO2环加成反应中的应用,本发明以生物基可再生2,5‑呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)与金属配体为原料,通过热熔剂法制备具有比表面积大、骨架密度低及孔道丰富等优势的生物基金属‑有机气凝胶,并将生物基金属‑有机气凝胶作为非均相催化剂催化CO2环加成反应制备环状碳酸酯;本发明催化剂制备方法简单、环保绿色、成本低廉,在催化CO2环加成反应中用量少、转化率高、反应条件温和,适于工业化生产和市场推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种生物基金属-有机气凝胶(bio-MOAs)材料在CO2环加成反应中的应用。
背景技术
CO2既是造成温室效应的罪魁祸首之一,但更是一种廉价、无毒、丰富的C1资源。因此,利用和转化CO2是实现其节能减排的有效途径,同时也是绿色可持续发展的长期目标和研究重点。CO2与环氧化物发生环加成反应生成环状碳酸酯,因其具有100%原子利用的特点而成为目前CO2资源化利用的研究热点。环状碳酸酯具有化学稳定性、离子电导率高、毒性低、增容能力强和反应绿色等优点,在聚碳酸酯和聚氨酯的制备、锂离子电池中的电解质和极性非质子溶剂等领域有巨大的商业价值和应用前景。但是由于CO2热力学稳定性和动力学惰性,高效催化剂成为了以CO2为原料制备环状碳酸酯的核心。围绕CO2环加成制备环状碳酸酯的反应,科研人员开发了多种催化剂,例如金属氧化物、金属配合物、金属有机框架等。但是它们仍面临一些共性问题,比如成本高昂、反应条件苛刻,最重要的是不符合绿色可持续发展等问题。因此解决以上问题目前是研究的关键。
近年来金属-有机气凝胶引起人们广泛的兴趣,涉及的制备方法操作简单、绿色环保、成本低廉。金属-有机气凝胶是一类新兴的智能软材料,主要是通过金属和有机配体的配位作用或非共价相互作用,如氢键、范德华力、π-π堆积等,自组装形成半固体无定形的三维海绵状纳米材料。由于MOAs具有比表面积大、骨架密度低、合成手段多样,在催化、吸附、传感和生物医学等领域具有应用前景。其中,由于MOAs较大的比表面积以及大量暴露的金属活性位点,赋予MOAs作为新型催化剂独特的优势。大多都用吡啶部分修饰的配体、含有咪唑基、羧基和膦基的配体来与金属离子配位以制备金属-有机凝胶。目前对苯二甲酸是应用最为广泛的含羧酸的有机配体,但是对苯二甲酸为石油化学衍生物。
由于化石资源的枯竭,目前人们对可再生能源的开发和利用越来越感兴趣。作为最丰富的生物质类型之一,从木质纤维素衍生的大量平台化学品已经开发出来,2,5-呋喃二甲酸便是其中一种生物基高分子材料。因其具有高附加值且绿色可再生,成为了包括对苯二甲酸在内的多种石油产品的替代品。2,5-呋喃二甲酸的双羧基基团可提供较强的配位键及易与质子氢形成氢键,因此被广泛用于合成聚酯、塑化剂、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、改性胺固化剂、以及聚酯多元醇等领域。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料的新用途图,即其在CO2环加成反应中的应用,本发明生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料是以生物基可再生2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)与金属配体为原料,通过热熔剂法制备具有比表面积大、骨架密度低及孔道丰富等优势的生物基金属-有机气凝胶(bio-MOAs),并且首次将其作为非均相催化剂催化CO2环加成反应制备环状碳酸酯;生物基金属-有机气凝胶的制备方法操作简单、环保绿色、成本低廉,在催化CO2环加成反应中用量少、转化率高、反应条件温和;
生物基金属-有机气凝胶的海绵状三维网状结构使得此催化剂有较大的比表面积,相互贯通的孔道结构,有利于底物与催化活性位点的结合及底物的传质,使得环状碳酸酯得到较高的转化率,且催化剂制备过程操作简单,反应条件温和;生物基金属-有机气凝胶是非均相催化剂,因此在反应中易于回收循环利用。
本发明中生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料在CO2环加成反应中的应用方法如下:
(1)将2,5-呋喃二甲酸与金属配体溶解在14~20mL 有机溶剂中,将反应溶液转移至水热反应釜中,在100~200℃下反应4~24h后;降温至室温,固液分离,降温至室温,生成的凝胶状产物先用溶剂洗涤2~3次,再将产物浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡30~40h,每隔10~12h换一次叔丁醇,冷冻干燥即得生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料;
所述金属配体为铬盐、铁盐、铝盐、锌盐、铜盐中的一种或几种;
所述2,5-呋喃二甲酸与金属配体摩尔比为1:2~2:1;
反应用有机溶剂为N,N二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、甲醇中的一种或几种;
(2)将环氧化合物与生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料依次加入到高压反应釜中,通入纯度99.99%的CO2置换釜内空气,然后在CO2压力为0.5~2Mpa、50~100℃下反应4~36h后,降温,即得环状碳酸酯;
所述生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料与环氧化合物的质量比为1:100 ~1:500;
环氧化合物为环氧氯丙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧环己烷、1,2-环氧环戊烷、1,2-二甲基环氧乙烷中的一种或几种。
与现有的技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明采用绿色生物基可再生2,5-呋喃二甲酸作为制备催化剂的原料;
(2)本发明首次采用bio-MOAs作为CO2与环氧化合物环加成反应的催化剂,反应条件相对温和、大大缩短反应时间、成本低廉、绿色环保、且提高了环状碳酸酯的产率;
(3)本发明制备bio-MOAs催化剂的方法简单、操作容易、催化剂用量少且可分离回收重复使用,易实现工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所制备的Gr-bio-MOAs傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)图;
图2是实施例2所制备的环状碳酸酯1H NMR谱图;
图3是实施例3所制备的Al-bio-MOAs傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)图;
图4是实施例4所制备的Fe-bio-MOAs傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)图;
图5是实施例5所制备的环状碳酸酯1H NMR谱图;
图6是实施例6所制备的Gr-bio-MOAs的TG曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:
(1)按摩尔比为1:2的比例,依次将0.156g 2,5-呋喃二甲酸和0.800g九水合硝酸铬加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再加入14mL的N,N二甲基甲酰胺,然后放进水热反应釜中,在100℃下反应20h;
(2)反应结束后将水热反应釜冷却至室温,固液分离后,固体用叔丁醇洗涤3次后,将固体浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡36h,每隔12h换一次溶液,冷冻干燥后制得绿色固体粉末即Gr-bio-MOAs,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)表征所得产品,如图1所示,在1589 cm-1、1369cm-1是羧酸酯的中的碳基C-O-C的不对称和对称伸缩振动,表明成功合成;
(3)按质量为比1:100的比例,将0.03g Gr-bio-MOAs 与2.54mL环氧氯丙烷依次加入到高压反应釜;然后将纯度99.99%的CO2气体通入高压反应釜,与釜内空气置换3次后,设置CO2的压力为0.5Mpa,通入完毕后关闭进出口阀,设置转速为280r/min,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为30h;
(4)反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,油状液体即目标产物,状碳酸酯的收率可达88.2%,选择性为99.7%。
实施例2:
(1)按摩尔比为2:1的比例,依次将0.316g 2,5-呋喃二甲酸和0.400g九水合硝酸铬加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再加入20mL的N,N二甲基甲酰胺,然后放进水热反应釜中,在120℃下反应18h;
(2)反应结束后将水热反应釜冷却至室温,固液分离,固体用叔丁醇反复洗涤3次后,将固体浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡30h,每隔10h换一次溶液,冷冻干燥后制得绿色固体粉末即Gr-bio-MOAs,
(3)将0.03g Gr-bio-MOAs与15.56mL 1,2-环氧环戊烷按质量比为1:500的比例依次加入到高压反应釜;然后将纯度99.99%的CO2气体通入高压反应釜,与釜内空气置换3次后,设置CO2的压力为2Mpa,通入完毕后关闭进出口阀,设置转速为280 r/min,反应温度为100℃反应时间为5h;
(4)反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,油状液体即目标产物,采用1H NMR谱图表征所得产品,如图2所示,由图可得环状碳酸酯的收率可达97%,选择性可达99%。
实施例3:
(1)按摩尔比为3:4的比例,依次将0.468g 2,5-呋喃二甲酸和1.500g九水合硝酸铝加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再加入18mL的乙醇,然后放进水热反应釜中,在150℃下反应15h;
(2)反应结束后将水热反应釜冷却至室温,固液分离,固体用叔丁醇反复洗涤3次后,将固体浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡36h,每隔12h换一次溶液,冷冻干燥后制得绿色固体粉末即Al-bio-MOAs,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)表征所得产品,如图3所示,在1596 cm-1、1377cm-1是羧酸酯的中的碳基C-O-C的不对称和对称伸缩振动,表明成功合成;
(3)将0.03g Al-bio-MOAs与6.21mL环氧环己烷按质量比1:200的比例依次加入到高压反应釜;然后将纯度99.99%的CO2气体通入高压反应釜,与釜内空气置换3次后,设置CO2的压力为0.7Mpa,通入完毕后关闭进出口阀,设置转速为280 r/min,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为12h;
(4)反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤已反应完的产物,油状液体即目标产物,状碳酸酯的收率可达87.2%,选择性为99.2%。
实施例4:
(1)按摩尔比为2:3的比例,依次将0.312g 2,5-呋喃二甲酸和1.212g九水合硝铁加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再加入14mL的乙醇,然后放进水热反应釜中,在180℃下反应10h;
(2)反应结束后将水热反应釜冷却至室温,固液分离,固体用叔丁醇反复洗涤3次后,将固体浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡36h,每隔12h换一次溶液,冷冻干燥后制得绿色固体粉末即Fe-bio-MOAs,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)表征所得产品,如图4所示,在1578 cm-1、1356cm-1是羧酸酯的中的碳基C-O-C的不对称和对称伸缩振动,表明成功合成;
(3)将0.03g Fe-bio-MOAs 与12.42mL环氧环己烷按质量比1:400的比例依次加入到高压反应釜;然后将纯度99.99%的CO2气体通入高压反应釜,与釜内空气置换3次后,设置CO2的压力为1.2Mpa,通入完毕后关闭进出口阀,设置转速为280 r/min,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为16h;
(5)反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,油状液体即是CO2与环氧化合物的环加成产物,状碳酸酯的收率可达89.2%,选择性为99.3%。
实施例5:
(1)按摩尔比为3:1的比例,依次将0.468g 2,5-呋喃二甲酸和0.298g六水合硝酸锌加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再加入16mL的甲醇,然后放进水热反应釜中,在120℃下反应12h;
(2)反应结束后将水热反应釜冷却至室温,固液分离,固体用叔丁醇反复洗涤3次后,将固体浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡36h,每隔12h换一次溶液,冷冻干燥后制得绿色固体粉末即Zn-bio-MOAs;
(3)将0.03g Zn-bio-MOAs 与7.23mL环氧丙烷按质量比1:200的比例依次加入到高压反应釜;然后将纯度99.99%的CO2气体通入高压反应釜,与釜内空气置换3次后,设置CO2的压力为1.0Mpa,通入完毕后关闭进出口阀,设置转速为280 r/min,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为20h;
(5)反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤已反应完的产物,油状液体即目标产物,采用1HNMR谱图表征所得产品,如图5所示,由图可得环状碳酸酯的收率可达95%,选择性可达99%。
实施例6:
(1)按摩尔比为3:2的比例,依次将0.468g FDCA和0.564g六水合硝酸铜加入到聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再加入14mL的甲醇,然后放进水热反应釜中,在100℃下反应18h;
(2)反应结束后将水热反应釜冷却至室温,固液分离,固体用叔丁醇反复洗涤3次后,将固体浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡36h,每隔12h换一次溶液,冷冻干燥后制得Cu-bio-MOAs;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱学(FTIR)表征所得产品,图6是Cu-MOA的TG曲线图,Cu-bio-MOAs在室温至280℃的范围内质量缺失约26%,这些损失的质量可能是溶剂的小分子,说明此催化剂不宜在过高温度下工作。
(3)将0.03g Cu-bio-MOAs与14.92 mL 1,2-二甲基环氧乙烷按质量比1:400的比例依次加入到高压反应釜;然后将纯度99.99%的CO2气体通入高压反应釜,与釜内空气置换3次后,设置CO2的压力为1.5Mpa,通入完毕后关闭进出口阀,设置转速为280r/min,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为30h;
(4)反应结束后冷却至室温,过滤,油状液体即为CO2与环氧化合物的环加成产物,状碳酸酯的收率可达92.2%,选择性为99.5%。
以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例。显然本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变化。在功能高分子领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变化,作为催化剂的bio-MOAs不限于以上列举的几种类型,可以是两种或者两种以上类型混合的bio-MOAs;合成单体可以是环氧环戊烷、1,2-二甲基环氧乙烷等,甚至反应单体为两种或者两种以上的环氧化合物混合物等,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料在CO2环加成反应中的应用,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)将2,5-呋喃二甲酸与金属配体溶解在14~20mL 有机溶剂中,将反应溶液转移至水热反应釜中,在100~200℃下反应4~24h后;降温至室温,生成的凝胶状产物先用溶剂洗涤2~3次,再将产物浸泡到叔丁醇中置于摇床上振荡30~40h,每隔10~12h换一次叔丁醇,冷冻干燥即得生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料;
(2)将环氧化合物与生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料依次加入到高压反应釜中,通入纯度99.99%的CO2置换釜内空气,然后在CO2压力为0.5~2Mpa、50~100℃下反应4~36h后,降温,即得环状碳酸酯;
所述金属配体为铬盐、铁盐、铝盐、锌盐、铜盐中的一种或几种;
环氧化合物为环氧氯丙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧环己烷、1,2-环氧环戊烷、1,2-二甲基环氧乙烷中的一种或几种;
2,5-呋喃二甲酸与金属配体摩尔比为1:2~2:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:反应用有机溶剂为N,N二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、甲醇中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:洗涤用溶剂为叔丁醇、水中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:生物基金属-有机气凝胶材料与环氧化合物的质量比为1:100 ~1:500。
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