CN113455599A - Functional compound feed for grass carps and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Functional compound feed for grass carps and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113455599A
CN113455599A CN202110769542.5A CN202110769542A CN113455599A CN 113455599 A CN113455599 A CN 113455599A CN 202110769542 A CN202110769542 A CN 202110769542A CN 113455599 A CN113455599 A CN 113455599A
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vitamin
feed
grass carp
soybean
amino acid
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舒锐
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Guangzhou Guanxing Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Guangzhou Guanxing Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of fish feed, and discloses a grass carp functional compound feed and a preparation method thereof. The functional compound feed for the grass carp, provided by the invention, can well meet the nutritional requirements of the grass carp, accelerate the growth speed of the grass carp, improve the muscle protein content and the collagen content of the grass carp, reduce the muscle fat content of the grass carp, improve the muscle amino acid content of the grass carp, especially the content of delicious amino acid, effectively improve the meat quality of the grass carp body, enhance the flavor of the grass carp body, effectively embrittle the muscle characteristics of the grass carp, improve the fish meat quality of the grass carp, effectively reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver of the grass carp, and protect the liver health.

Description

Functional compound feed for grass carps and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fish feed, and particularly relates to a functional compound feed for grass carps and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Grass carp (Ctenophagodon idella) is an important freshwater aquaculture fish in China, and the yield of the grass carp in 2019 reaches 533.3 ten thousand tons. The fish is a main high-quality protein source for consumers, and with the improvement of the living standard of China and the enhancement of food safety consciousness, people pay more attention to the quality and quality safety of aquatic products, and promote aquatic product practitioners to optimize and improve the quality of the fish. Research shows that the muscle characteristics of the brittle grass carp are greatly changed compared with the common grass carp, wherein the hardness, the chewiness, the elasticity and the like are obviously increased, and the collagen content of the muscle of the grass carp body is obviously increased. The broad bean embrittled grass carp is a main breeding mode, but the problems of long breeding period, high cost and the like exist when the broad bean is directly fed, the growth speed of the grass carp in the embrittling process is remarkably reduced, the water quality is seriously polluted, the feed which is prepared by adopting compound feed and the broad bean is adopted for feeding at present, but the problem that the proportion of the broad bean in the compound feed is not suitable exists, the broad bean proportion is too low to achieve an embrittling effect or cause the embrittlement degree of the grass carp in the whole pond to be uneven, and the broad bean proportion is too high to influence the growth speed of the grass carp.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a functional compound feed for grass carps in a first aspect.
The second aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for preparing the functional compound feed for grass carp of the first aspect.
The third aspect of the invention aims to provide the application of the grass carp functional compound feed in fish culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the invention, the invention provides a functional compound feed for grass carp, which comprises the following components: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, broad beans, alcohol lees, wheat, rice bran, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride and amino acid mixture.
Preferably, in the grass carp functional compound feed, the content of protein is 25-32%, the content of crude fat is 3-6%, the content of lysine is 1.3-2.2%, and the content of methionine is 0.3-0.7% by weight percentage.
Further preferably, in the grass carp functional compound feed, the content of protein is 28.72-30.22%, the content of crude fat is 4.42-5.8%, the content of lysine is 1.54-1.63%, and the content of methionine is 0.53-0.55% by weight percentage.
Preferably, the functional compound feed for grass carp comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 17-35% of soybean meal, 10-30% of rapeseed meal, 5-35% of broad bean, 2-16% of alcohol lees, 3-15% of wheat, 3-18% of rice bran, 0.2-1.5% of soybean oil, 0.2-1.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.7% of vitamin premix, 0.2-1% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.7% of choline chloride and 0.1-0.8% of amino acid mixture.
Further preferably, the grass carp functional compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30% of soybean meal, 15-30% of rapeseed meal, 10-30% of broad bean, 4-14% of alcohol lees, 5-11% of wheat, 5-16% of rice bran, 0.2-1% of soybean oil, 0.2-1% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.5-0.8% of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5% of choline chloride and 0.3-0.6% of amino acid mixture.
Still more preferably, the grass carp functional compound feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-30% of soybean meal, 15-25% of rapeseed meal, 20-30% of broad bean, 4-5% of alcohol lees, 10-11% of wheat, 5-10.5% of rice bran, 0.5-1% of soybean oil, 0.5-1% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5-1.7% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.6-0.8% of mineral premix, 0.2-0.3% of choline chloride and 0.3-0.4% of amino acid mixture.
Preferably, the distillers 'grains are rice dried whole distillers' grains.
Preferably, the vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K and vitamin B1Vitamin B6Vitamin B2Vitamin B12Pantothenic acidCalcium, niacin, biotin, inositol, folic acid, and wheat middlings.
Further preferably, the vitamin premix comprises, in weight percent: 0.3-0.6% of vitamin A, 0.04-0.08% of vitamin D, 0.5-0.9% of vitamin E, 0.3-0.7% of vitamin K, and vitamin B10.5-0.9%, vitamin B60.4-0.8%, vitamin B20.5-0.9%, vitamin B120.003-0.007%, calcium pantothenate 0.4-0.8%, nicotinic acid 0.6-1%, biotin 0.01-0.03%, inositol 1-5%, folic acid 0.03-0.07% and wheat bran 90-93%.
Preferably, the mineral premix comprises ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium chloride, cobalt chloride, magnesium sulfate and zeolite powder.
Further preferably, the mineral premix comprises, in weight percent: 1-4% of ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.3% of copper sulfate, 0.4-0.9% of zinc sulfate, 0.05-0.06% of manganese sulfate, 0.001-0.003% of sodium selenite, 0.01-0.05% of potassium chloride, 0.01-0.04% of cobalt chloride, 3-7% of magnesium sulfate and 91-94% of zeolite powder.
Preferably, the amino acid mixture comprises glutamic acid, glycine, serine, proline, alanine, tyrosine and taurine.
Further preferably, the amino acid mixture comprises, in weight percent: 17-23% of glutamic acid, 17-23% of glycine, 5-10% of serine, 7-13% of proline, 12-18% of alanine, 5-9% of tyrosine and 17-23% of taurine.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a functional compound feed for grass carp in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:
mixing vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, amino acid mixture, monocalcium phosphate, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, broad beans, alcohol lees, wheat and rice bran, crushing, adding soybean oil and soybean phospholipid oil, and mixing to obtain the grass carp functional compound feed.
Preferably, the soybean meal is pulverized to pass through 40-50 meshes all before being mixed.
Preferably, the rapeseed dregs are pulverized to pass through 40-50 meshes before being mixed.
Preferably, the broad beans are crushed to be all 40-50 meshes before mixing.
Preferably, the alcohol draff is crushed to pass through 40-50 meshes before being mixed.
Preferably, the wheat is crushed to pass through 40-50 mesh before mixing.
Preferably, the rice bran is milled to pass through 40-50 mesh all prior to blending.
Preferably, the pulverization is to pulverize to 90-95% to pass through 60-80 mesh.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: concocting, extruding, puffing, drying, cooling, and sieving.
Preferably, the condition of the preparation is that the preparation is carried out for 0.5-1min by water vapor at 100-110 ℃.
Preferably, the condition of the extrusion is that the extrusion is carried out at a temperature of 90-95 ℃.
Preferably, the sieving conditions are 96-99.5% passing 4-8 mesh.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the grass carp functional compound feed in the first aspect in fish culture is provided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the functional compound feed for the grass carps, provided by the invention, can well meet the nutritional requirements of the grass carps, the utilization rate and the conversion efficiency of the feed are enhanced, the growth speed of the grass carps can be accelerated, and meanwhile, the accumulation of fat in the liver of the grass carps can be effectively reduced, the health of the liver is protected, and the functional compound feed for the grass carps has a good effect on preventing liver diseases; 2. the grass carp functional compound feed provided by the invention can improve the muscle protein content and the collagen content of grass carps, reduce the muscle fat content of grass carps, improve the muscle amino acid content of grass carps, particularly the content of delicious amino acid, effectively improve the meat quality of fish bodies and enhance the flavor effect of the fish bodies; 3. the functional compound feed for the grass carps can effectively embrittle the muscle characteristics of the grass carps and improve the fish meat quality of the grass carps.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the present examples are commercially available materials and reagents unless otherwise specified. Among them, the determination of the contents of protein and crude fat in the feeds in the examples was carried out according to the method of AOAC (1995); the amino acid content is determined according to the method for determining the amino acid in the GB/T18246-2000 feed.
Example 1
A functional compound feed for grass carp comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of soybean meal, 25% of rapeseed meal, 20% of broad bean, 5% of dry rice whole-alcohol grains, 10% of wheat, 10.5% of rice bran, 0.5% of soybean oil, 1% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of vitamin premix, 0.6% of mineral premix, 0.2% of choline chloride and 0.3% of amino acid mixture;
the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5% of vitamin A, 0.06% of vitamin D, 0.7% of vitamin E, 0.5% of vitamin K, and vitamin B10.7% of vitamin B60.6% of vitamin B20.7% of vitamin B120.005%, calcium pantothenate 0.6%, nicotinic acid 0.8%, biotin 0.01%, inositol 3%, folic acid 0.05% and wheat bran 91.775%;
the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of ferrous sulfate, 0.15% of copper sulfate, 0.7% of zinc sulfate, 0.052% of manganese sulfate, 0.001% of sodium selenite, 0.03% of potassium chloride, 0.02% of cobalt chloride, 5% of magnesium sulfate and 92.047% of zeolite powder;
the amino acid mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of glutamic acid, 20% of glycine, 8% of serine, 10% of proline, 15% of alanine, 7% of tyrosine and 20% of taurine.
The preparation method of the functional compound feed for the grass carp comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, amino acid mixture and monocalcium phosphate to prepare small material A;
s2, respectively crushing the raw materials of the bean pulp, the rapeseed pulp, the broad bean, the dry rice full-alcohol grains, the wheat and the rice bran to be 40 meshes, and mixing the crushed raw materials with the small material A to obtain a raw material B;
s3, carrying out superfine grinding on the raw material B until 95 percent of the raw material B reaches 60 meshes;
s4, adding soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil, and mixing to obtain a raw material C;
s5, transferring the raw material C into a modem, modulating for 0.5min by using water vapor at 110 ℃, then extruding and puffing plasmids at the temperature of 95 ℃, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃, cooling to room temperature, sieving 99.5% of the plasmids with a sieve of 4 meshes, weighing and packaging.
Through detection, the content of protein in the functional compound feed for grass carp in the embodiment is 29.53%, the content of crude fat is 4.95%, the content of lysine is 1.58%, and the content of methionine is 0.55% by weight percentage.
Example 2
A functional compound feed for grass carp comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of soybean meal, 30% of rapeseed meal, 10% of broad bean, 14% of dry rice whole-alcohol grains, 5% of wheat, 16% of rice bran, 1% of soybean oil, 0.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.7% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 0.5% of choline chloride and 0.6% of amino acid mixture;
the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5% of vitamin A, 0.06% of vitamin D, 0.7% of vitamin E, 0.5% of vitamin K, and vitamin B10.7% of vitamin B60.6% of vitamin B20.7% of vitamin B120.005%, calcium pantothenate 0.6%, nicotinic acid 0.8%, biotin 0.01%, inositol 3%, folic acid 0.05% and wheat bran 91.775%;
the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of ferrous sulfate, 0.15% of copper sulfate, 0.7% of zinc sulfate, 0.052% of manganese sulfate, 0.001% of sodium selenite, 0.03% of potassium chloride, 0.02% of cobalt chloride, 5% of magnesium sulfate and 92.047% of zeolite powder;
the amino acid mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of glutamic acid, 20% of glycine, 8% of serine, 10% of proline, 15% of alanine, 7% of tyrosine and 20% of taurine.
The preparation method of the functional compound feed for the grass carp comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, amino acid mixture and monocalcium phosphate to prepare small material A;
s2, respectively crushing the raw materials of the bean pulp, the rapeseed pulp, the broad bean, the dry rice full-alcohol grains, the wheat and the rice bran to be 40 meshes, and mixing the crushed raw materials with the small material A to obtain a raw material B;
s3, carrying out superfine grinding on the raw material B until 95 percent of the raw material B reaches 60 meshes;
s4, adding soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil, and mixing to obtain a raw material C;
s5, transferring the raw material C into a modem, modulating for 0.5min by using water vapor at 110 ℃, then extruding and puffing plasmids at the temperature of 95 ℃, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃, cooling to room temperature, sieving 99.5% of the plasmids with a sieve of 4 meshes, weighing and packaging.
Through detection, the content of protein, the content of crude fat, the content of lysine and the content of methionine in the functional compound feed for grass carp in the embodiment are respectively 28.72%, 5.8%, 1.54% and 0.54% in percentage by weight.
Example 3
A functional compound feed for grass carp comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of soybean meal, 15% of rapeseed meal, 30% of broad bean, 4% of dry rice whole-grain alcohol stillage, 11% of wheat, 5% of rice bran, 0.5% of soybean oil, 0.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.8% of mineral premix, 0.3% of choline chloride and 0.4% of amino acid mixture;
the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5% of vitamin A, 0.06% of vitamin D, 0.7% of vitamin E, 0.5% of vitamin K, and vitamin B10.7% of vitamin B60.6% of vitamin B20.7% of vitamin B120.005%, calcium pantothenate 0.6%, nicotinic acid 0.8%, biotin 0.01%, inositol 3%, folic acid 0.05% and wheat bran 91.775%;
the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of ferrous sulfate, 0.15% of copper sulfate, 0.7% of zinc sulfate, 0.052% of manganese sulfate, 0.001% of sodium selenite, 0.03% of potassium chloride, 0.02% of cobalt chloride, 5% of magnesium sulfate and 92.047% of zeolite powder;
the amino acid mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of glutamic acid, 20% of glycine, 8% of serine, 10% of proline, 15% of alanine, 7% of tyrosine and 20% of taurine.
The preparation method of the functional compound feed for the grass carp comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, amino acid mixture and monocalcium phosphate to prepare small material A;
s2, respectively crushing the raw materials of the bean pulp, the rapeseed pulp, the broad bean, the dry rice full-alcohol grains, the wheat and the rice bran to be 40 meshes, and mixing the crushed raw materials with the small material A to obtain a raw material B;
s3, carrying out superfine grinding on the raw material B until 95 percent of the raw material B reaches 60 meshes;
s4, adding soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil, and mixing to obtain a raw material C;
s5, transferring the raw material C into a modem, modulating for 0.5min by using water vapor at 110 ℃, then extruding and puffing plasmids at the temperature of 95 ℃, drying at the temperature of 120 ℃, cooling to room temperature, sieving 99.5% of the plasmids with a sieve of 4 meshes, weighing and packaging.
Through detection, the content of protein, the content of crude fat, the content of lysine and the content of methionine in the functional compound feed for grass carp in the embodiment are 30.22%, 4.42%, 1.63% and 0.53% in percentage by weight.
Effects of the embodiment
1. Cage culture test
Comparative tests were carried out on commercially available grass carp feeds (puffed compound feed for fish 152, Huai' an Tongwei feed Co., Ltd.) and the prepared feeds of examples 1 to 3 in a cage culture system. The specific embodiment is as follows:
cultivation experiment in outdoor cement pond (4.4 x 2.2 x 1.1m, water capacity about 10 m) of Hexing fodder Co., Ltd3) In the middle, each cement pond is hung with 4 net cages (2 x 0.9)1.2m, water capacity about 2m3) The water temperature is maintained at 24.5-30.5 deg.C, and grass carp with initial weight of 57 + -0.02 g is randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 30 replicates in each group for 480 fishes. The feeding mode is quantitative feeding, the feeding is carried out twice a day at the time of 9:00 and 16:00, the ingestion data is recorded, and the breeding experiment is carried out for 70 days.
2. Sample collection and test index detection
After finishing the culture, starving the fish for 24 hours, carrying out anesthesia treatment on the experimental fish by using ethyl m-aminobenzoate mesylate (MS-222), and weighing and recording the experimental fish in each net cage. Respectively randomly selecting 3 grass carps from each group, weighing the grass carps, dissecting the abdominal cavity, separating internal organs, and respectively weighing the internal organ mass, the liver and the fish body for calculating the liver-body ratio and the internal organ ratio. The fish body length (from the osculum to the end of the vertebra) is measured and used for calculating the body index. Skin and abdominal muscles below the lateral line were collected from the left side of the fish body and stored in a-80 ℃ freezer for determination of normal muscle components, amino acids and collagen content.
The formula of the growth index is as follows:
the weight gain (%) is (final weight-initial weight)/initial weight × 100%;
feed factor ═ feed intake/(end body weight-initial body weight);
liver mass ratio (%) ═ liver weight/fish mass weight × 100%;
visceral body ratio (%) -visceral mass weight/fish body weight x 100%;
fatness (g) terminal weight/terminal fish length (cm)3×100％。
Determination of water, crude protein and ash content of grass carp muscle: drying at 105 ℃ under normal pressure to constant weight, and measuring the muscle moisture of the grass carp by a weight loss method; firing at 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace for 6h, and measuring the ash content of the fish body by a weight loss method; crude fish proteins were measured using an automatic Kjeltec 2300 (Kjeltec 2300, FOSS, sweden).
And (3) measuring the content of crude fat: weighing about 5g of sample by chloroform-methanol extraction method, placing into a triangular flask with a plug, and adding 60mL of chloroform-methanol mixed solution [ V (chloroform): (V) (methanol) ═ 2: 1%]Water bath is carried out for 1h at the temperature of 60 ℃; lifting deviceTaking down the triangular flask after the collection, filtering with a Buchner funnel, putting the filtrate in another triangular flask with a plug, placing in a water bath at 65-70 ℃ to recover the solvent until the material in the triangular flask is thick, adding 25mL of diethyl ether and 15g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, adding the plug, and oscillating for 10 min; the ether layer was transferred to a centrifuge tube with a stopper, centrifuged at 3000r/min for 5min, and 10mL of the clear ether layer was taken in a weighing bottle with a lateral weight, evaporated to remove ether, and then placed in an oven at 105 ℃ to dry to the lateral weight (about 1 h). And (4) calculating a result: x ═ m1-m2) X2.5/m X100%, wherein X is the mass fraction of lipid,%; m is the sample mass, g; m is1G is the weight of the weighing bottle and the lipid; m is2Weighing bottle mass, g; 2.5 is a factor multiplied by 10mL of ether extracted from 25mL of ether and dried.
And (3) amino acid content determination: freeze-drying grass carp body until the quality is constant, grinding in a grinder, weighing 70mg dry matter in a hydrolysis tube, adding 10mL of 6mol/L hydrochloric acid, putting the hydrolysis tube into a refrigerator, freezing for 3min-5min, connecting to an exhaust tube of a vacuum pump, vacuumizing, then filling nitrogen, repeatedly vacuumizing-filling nitrogen for 3 times, sealing under the state of filling nitrogen, putting the sealed hydrolysis tube in a hydrolysis furnace at 110 +/-1 ℃, and hydrolyzing for 24 h; taking out and cooling to room temperature. Opening the hydrolysis tube, filtering the hydrolysate to a 50mL volumetric flask, washing the hydrolysis tube with a small amount of water for multiple times, transferring the washing liquid into the same volumetric flask, fixing the volume to the scale mark with water, shaking and mixing uniformly. Accurately sucking 1mL of filtrate into a test tube, drying, diluting with 5mL of sodium citrate buffer solution with pH 2.2, adding into the dried test tube, dissolving, shaking, mixing, filtering with 0.22 μm filter membrane, injecting into a sample injection bottle of an amino acid automatic analyzer, and taking a sample detection solution for instrument measurement.
Hydroxyproline content determination: the determination was carried out according to the instructions of the kit (A030-2, Nanjing Biotech Co., Ltd.).
And (3) total collagen content determination: the hydroxyproline content is multiplied by a conversion factor of 8.
Fleshy Texture (TPA) analysis: using a texture analyzer (Universal TA, Shanghai trekking instruments science and technology Co., Ltd.). Selecting a measuring point: taking 3 muscles (the length, the width and the height are all about 1.5 cm) at the same position below the lateral line of the grass carp; and (3) testing conditions are as follows: selecting a 25mm multiplied by 25mm cylindrical probe, contacting a stress induction of 5gf, testing at a speed of 1mm/s, and performing deformation in a target mode with a deformation amount of 30% for 2 s; measuring parameters: hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, and recovery.
3. Data processing
One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses were performed on the data obtained using the SPSS 17.0 statistical software, and when the differences between the one-way ANOVA treatments were significant (P < 0.05), multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan test.
4. Results
As can be seen from the table 1, compared with the feeding of the commercially available grass carp feed, the grass carp fed with the feed prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention has obviously improved average weight and lower feed coefficient, which indicates that the feed prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 can well meet the nutritional requirements of the grass carp, enhance the utilization rate and the conversion efficiency of the feed, and accelerate the growth rate of the fish; the liver body ratio and the viscera body ratio reflect the health state of the liver in the culture process, the liver body ratio and the viscera body ratio are low, the deposition amount of fat in the liver and pancreas is small, the health state of the liver is better, compared with the feeding of the commercial grass carp feed, the grass carp liver ratio of the feed prepared in the embodiment 1-3 is lower, and the feed prepared in the embodiment 1-3 can effectively reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver of the grass carp, can protect the health of the liver and has good performance in the aspect of preventing liver diseases.
TABLE 1 Effect of the groups of test materials on the growth behavior of grass carp
Figure BDA0003152337390000081
Figure BDA0003152337390000091
Note: data are mean ± sem; in the same row of data, no identical lower case letters are labeled to indicate significant differences from each other (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from the muscle compositions of the grass carps in the tables 2 and 3, the muscle of the grass carps fed with the feed prepared in the examples 1-3 is obviously higher in crude protein, total amino acid, essential amino acid and delicious amino acid than the grass carps fed with the commercial grass carp feed (P is less than 0.05), and the crude fat and ash content are obviously lower than those of the grass carps fed with the commercial grass carp feed, so that the feed prepared in the examples 1-3 can improve the muscle protein content and the collagen content of the grass carps, reduce the muscle fat content of the grass carps, improve the muscle amino acid content of the grass carps, particularly the content of the delicious amino acid, and effectively improve the meat quality of the grass carps and enhance the flavor effect of the grass carps.
TABLE 2 Effect of the test materials on the muscle composition of grass carp (% by wet weight)
Commercial grass carp feed Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Moisture content 76.72±0.28a 77.95±0.14b 78.41±0.30b 78.67±0.43b
Crude protein 19.85±0.14a 20.19±0.04b 20.17±0.08b 20.23±0.02b
Crude fat 2.02±0.03b 1.91±0.02a 1.98±0.03ab 1.92±0.02a
Ash content 1.52±0.02a 1.33±0.02a 1.36±0.02a 1.43±0.02b
Collagen protein 0.29±0.01a 0.40±0.01b 0.32±0.02a 0.29±0.03a
Note: data are mean ± sem; in the same row of data, no identical lower case letters are labeled to indicate significant differences from each other (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect of the test substances on the amino acid composition of the muscle of grass carp (g/100g dry matter)
Figure BDA0003152337390000092
Figure BDA0003152337390000101
Note: data are mean ± sem; in the same row of data, no identical lower case letters are labeled to indicate significant differences from each other (P < 0.05).
The results of analyzing the muscle and meat texture of the grass carps tested in each group are shown in table 4, compared with the feeds for feeding the commercial grass carps, the hardness, chewing type, cohesiveness, elasticity and recoverability of the body muscles of the grass carps fed with the feeds prepared in the examples 1 to 3 of the invention are obviously improved (P is less than 0.05), and the feeds provided by the invention can effectively embrittle the muscle characteristics of the grass carps and improve the meat quality of the grass carps.
TABLE 4 Effect of the test materials on the fleshy structure of grass carp
Commercial grass carp feed Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Hardness/gf 835.83±5.32a 1346.48±3.76c 1266.89±7.69b 1381.51±3.21d
Chewiness/gf 253±3.38a 365.76±5.33c 298.89±3.33b 394.85±2.28d
Cohesiveness 0.62±0.01a 0.69±0.01b 0.61±0.01a 0.79±0.01c
Elasticity 0.52±0.02a 0.65±0.02c 0.59±0.01b 0.79±0.02d
Recovery property 0.62±0.02a 0.74±0.02b 0.65±0.02a 0.80±0.01c
Note: data are mean ± sem; in the same row of data, no identical lower case letters are labeled to indicate significant differences from each other (P < 0.05).
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A feed, characterized in that it comprises the following ingredients: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, broad beans, alcohol lees, wheat, rice bran, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride and amino acid mixture.
2. The feed of claim 1, wherein the feed comprises, in weight percent, 25-32% protein, 3-6% crude fat, 1.3-2.2% lysine, and 0.3-0.7% methionine.
3. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percentage, the following ingredients: 17-35% of soybean meal, 10-30% of rapeseed meal, 5-35% of broad bean, 2-16% of alcohol lees, 3-15% of wheat, 3-18% of rice bran, 0.2-1.5% of soybean oil, 0.2-1.5% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1-2.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.7% of vitamin premix, 0.2-1% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.7% of choline chloride and 0.1-0.8% of amino acid mixture.
4. The feed according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percentage, the following ingredients: 20-30% of soybean meal, 15-30% of rapeseed meal, 10-30% of broad bean, 4-14% of alcohol lees, 5-11% of wheat, 5-16% of rice bran, 0.2-1% of soybean oil, 0.2-1% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.5-0.8% of mineral premix, 0.2-0.5% of choline chloride and 0.3-0.6% of amino acid mixture.
5. The feed according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises, in weight percentage, the following ingredients: 25-30% of soybean meal, 15-25% of rapeseed meal, 20-30% of broad bean, 4-5% of alcohol lees, 10-11% of wheat, 5-10.5% of rice bran, 0.5-1% of soybean oil, 0.5-1% of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5-1.7% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4-0.5% of vitamin premix, 0.6-0.8% of mineral premix, 0.2-0.3% of choline chloride and 0.3-0.4% of amino acid mixture.
6. The feed of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the vitamin premix comprises vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1Vitamin B6Vitamin B2Vitamin B12Calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, biotin, inositol, folic acid, and wheat middlings.
7. The feed of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the mineral premix comprises ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium chloride, cobalt chloride, magnesium sulfate, and zeolite powder.
8. The feed of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amino acid mixture comprises glutamic acid, glycine, serine, proline, alanine, tyrosine and taurine.
9. A process for the preparation of the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: mixing vitamin premix, mineral premix, choline chloride, amino acid mixture, monocalcium phosphate, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, broad bean, alcohol distiller's grains, wheat and rice bran, crushing, adding soybean oil and soybean phospholipid oil, and mixing to obtain the feed.
10. Use of the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in fish farming.
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