CN113443942A - Special citrus fertilizer with reduced amount and enhanced effect and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special citrus fertilizer with reduced amount and enhanced effect and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113443942A CN113443942A CN202110609584.2A CN202110609584A CN113443942A CN 113443942 A CN113443942 A CN 113443942A CN 202110609584 A CN202110609584 A CN 202110609584A CN 113443942 A CN113443942 A CN 113443942A
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims description 47
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- TVBSSDNEJWXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid perchloric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OCl(=O)(=O)=O TVBSSDNEJWXWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a decrement and efficiency-increasing fertilizer special for citrus and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of research on citrus fertilizers. The special fertilizer comprises 15% of amino acid organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer; the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer is prepared by decomposing and crushing dead pigs into blocks, placing the blocks in a fermentation tank for treatment, adding organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans into the fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, fermenting to obtain a fermentation material, sterilizing, continuing to heat to obtain the amino acid organic fertilizer, and mixing the amino acid organic fertilizer with a common organic fertilizer. According to the invention, the pig residues died of diseases are fermented, and the common organic fertilizer is added according to a certain proportion to become the organic fertilizer for soil improvement, which has great significance for eliminating pathogenic bacteria, preventing and controlling epidemic situations, protecting drinking water source areas, cleaning production of agriculture and circulating agriculture development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research on citrus fertilizers, and particularly relates to a decrement and synergy citrus special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, farmers who plant citrus in China still rely on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and although the fertilizers are more and more understood, the farmers mainly use the fertilizers in the aspect of experience fertilization. Many citrus farmers pursue 'simple and rough violence', blindly apply chemical fertilizers or compound fertilizers, excessively depend on the use of pesticides with plant diseases and insect pests, neglect a method for solving problems from the source, the ecological level and the long-acting effect based on the scientific use of the fertilizers, and finally cause poor plant growth and reduced fruit quality due to the fact that the soil nutrition status is unbalanced year by year. Generally, citrus production topography is complex, soil fertility is uneven, cultivation management level is not high in China, single yield and quality of citrus are far away from developed countries, wherein poor soil conditions and lagged fertilization technology are important reasons, and therefore the potential of reducing application of chemical fertilizers is great.
The live pig industry has a leading position in the whole animal husbandry of China, along with the enhancement of food safety and environmental protection consciousness of people, the death rate of live pigs caused by epidemic diseases reaches 8% -12% every year, the dead pigs which are not processed and are discarded randomly are rotten and deteriorate to pollute air, toxins and heavy metals enriched in animal carcasses can enter a food chain through crops after contacting soil and water, continuous circulating biohazards can be generated, great threat is brought to the life safety and ecological environment of people, and the harmlessness treatment of the dead pigs lags behind the contradiction of economic development requirements and is increasingly prominent.
At present, the custom treatment of pigs died of diseases in China mainly adopts modes of incineration, burying, chemical treatment and the like, and various modes have obvious disadvantages although certain treatment effects are obtained. If the burning is thorough, the energy consumption is high, and peculiar smell exists, the air pollution is caused; low burying cost, easy water and soil pollution and high potential safety hazard. Therefore, a new, effective and environment-friendly treatment method is urgently needed, so that pigs died of diseases are collected and treated in a centralized manner, the spreading rate of animal epidemic diseases is reduced, and the final safe outlet of harmless treatment products is thoroughly solved.
Therefore, a fertilizer needs to be researched, so that the pigs died of diseases can be harmlessly recycled, the citrus can be planted in a decrement and synergy manner, and the fertilizer has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the weight-reduction and efficiency-enhancement special citrus fertilizer and the preparation method thereof, which are used for changing the pig residues died of diseases into the organic fertilizer for soil improvement through rapid high-temperature fermentation, and have great significance for eliminating pathogenic bacteria, controlling epidemic situations, protecting drinking water source regions, cleaning production of agriculture and circulating agriculture development.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
the special citrus fertilizer with the effects of reduction and synergism comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, 0.3-0.5 part of compound fertilizer and 0.25-1.5 parts of potassium fertilizer; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the preparation method of the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) decomposing and crushing dead pigs into blocks, and placing the blocks in a fermentation tank; adding organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, heating the materials to 50-70 ℃, fermenting for 12-24 hours to obtain a fermentation material, and sterilizing for 3-6 hours at 70-90 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material;
(2) placing the sterilized material in a shovel pot, heating at 45-70 ℃ for 12-18 hours, reducing the water content to below 30%, promoting the hydrolysis of protein and fat in the material, and obtaining the decomposed material after the treatment, namely the amino acid organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the amino acid organic fertilizer and a common organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15: 85, and obtaining the 15 percent amino acid organic fertilizer.
Further, the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15.
Further, the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer contains 4.00 +/-0.15% of total nitrogen and P2O52.00 +/-0.70 percent and K2O is 1.35 +/-0.85%, the pH value is 6.5-8.5, and the content of organic matters is more than 50%.
Further, spraying plant extract while decomposing and crushing the pigs died of diseases; 300-400 ml of plant extract is poured into one hundred kilograms of pigs.
Further, the plant extract is prepared by mixing and crushing kujian peel, oil tea, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaves, adding 80% ethanol solution with the total mass being 8-10 times of that of the kujian peel, heating, refluxing and extracting for two times, wherein each extraction time is 20 +/-2 min, filtering, and mixing filtrates obtained by two times of extraction to obtain the plant extract.
Further, the mass ratio of the kujian peel, the oil tea leaves, the lemon grass and the eucalyptus leaves is 1: 3-10: 1-5: 4-8.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the dead pigs, the organic waste, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans is 1000-1100: 300-350: 1-4: 3-6: 1-3.
Further, the organic waste is a composition of any two or more of mushroom residues, sawdust, rice hulls, rice bran, hay and bagasse.
Further, before the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are added into the fermentation tank, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are respectively cultured in culture media until the concentration of bacterial liquid is 1.0-2.0 multiplied by 1011CFU/g. The culture medium is LB culture medium or beef extract peptone culture medium.
The invention provides a preparation method of the decrement and efficiency increasing special citrus fertilizer, which is characterized in that the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are uniformly mixed.
The invention provides application of the special citrus fertilizer with reduced amount and enhanced effect, wherein the special citrus fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and is buried in a planting hole when citrus is planted, and 3-20 kg of the special citrus fertilizer is used by each plant.
Further, when the citrus seedlings are fixedly planted, the application amount of the special fertilizer is 3-5kg per plant; for citrus of 2-3 years old, applying 5-10kg of special fertilizer per plant per year; 8-20kg of citrus in fruiting period was applied.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at the problems of great health threat of the pigs died of diseases, environmental pollution, low resource utilization and the like, the invention establishes a harmless treatment technical system for crushing, blending, high-temperature sterilization and fermentation of the pigs died of diseases to produce the fertilizer, obtains a 15% amino acid organic fertilizer product of a waste animal source, forms a safe application technical mode, has safe manufacturing process and 100% germ killing rate, and can increase the yield of oranges by more than 8% and improve the sugar-acid ratio by 10% by using the obtained special fertilizer for planting the oranges.
2. The method comprises the steps of firstly, decomposing and crushing pigs died of diseases into blocks, and spraying the plant extract while decomposing and crushing the pigs died of diseases, so that the safety is ensured, and the secondary pollution is avoided; the plant extract is obtained by extracting kujian skin, oil tea, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaves with ethanol, wherein the kujian skin, oil tea, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaves contain triterpenes, flavonoids, organic acids and the like, and can be mixed with amine odor molecules to further remove odor generated by decomposition or subsequent sterilization of pigs died of diseases, and the tea saponin has a certain decomposition effect on decomposed pig blood and grease; in addition, the kujian peel, the eucalyptus leaves and the lemon grass have good sterilization and disinfection effects when used together.
3. After the pigs which are died of diseases are crushed, organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans are continuously added, wherein the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans can generate various proteases, lipases and amylases and various antibacterial substances, and proteins are decomposed into amino acids, and fats are degraded into small molecular peptides; the organic waste not only provides nutrition diversity, but also can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the organic fertilizer and promote the ventilation effect of the organic fertilizer; after fermentation is finished, heating is further added to promote hydrolysis reaction of protein and fat in the materials, complete enzymolysis of the organic fertilizer is guaranteed, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer containing 4.00 +/-0.15% of total nitrogen and P is finally obtained2O52.00 +/-0.70 percent and K2O is 1.35 +/-0.85%, the pH value is 6.5-8.5, and the content of organic matters is more than 50%.
4. The obtained 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are mixed to obtain the special fertilizer for planting the citrus, and the special fertilizer has a good environmental effect when being applied to the citrus, can combine exogenous regulation and biological regulation of minerals in soil, passivate heavy metals in the soil and degrade antibiotics; compared with the traditional single compound fertilizer or common farmyard organic fertilizer, the special fertilizer can improve twelve indexes such as soil microorganisms, organic matters, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and the like, is used for planting oranges, can increase the yield of the oranges by more than 8 percent, and can improve the sugar-acid ratio by 10 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the pH of citrus rhizosphere soil.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on citrus root-mean soil organic matter.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in citrus rhizosphere soil.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on total nitrogen in citrus rhizosphere soil.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on total potassium in citrus rhizosphere soil.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on nitrogen content of citrus leaves.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on calcium content of citrus leaves.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on zinc content of citrus leaves.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on potassium content of citrus leaves.
In the upper diagram: t1-blank, T2-comparative example 1, T3-example 4, T4-example 5, T5-example 6, T6-example 7.
Detailed Description
The following examples may assist those skilled in the art in a more complete understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The raw materials used in the invention are all purchased from chemical and biological raw material companies, and the organic waste is purchased from agricultural product processing companies. The common organic fertilizer used in the scheme comprises 1.52 percent of N and P2O5 0.63％，K20.88 percent of O, 59.4 percent of organic matter and 6.5 of pH.
Example 1 preparation of 15% amino acid organic fertilizer
Preparing bacteria liquid, plant extract and organic waste
Before the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are added into a fermentation tank, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are respectively cultured in culture media until the concentration of bacterial liquid is 1.0 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium is an LB culture medium;
the plant extract is prepared by mixing and crushing kujian peel, oil tea, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaves, adding 80% ethanol solution with the total mass being 8 times of that of the kujian peel, heating, refluxing and extracting for two times, extracting for 18min each time, filtering, and mixing the filtrates obtained by the two extractions; the mass ratio of the kujian peel to the oil tea leaves to the lemon grass to the eucalyptus leaves is 1:3:1: 4;
the organic waste is a composition of mushroom residues, sawdust and rice hulls;
(II) preparing a 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
(1) decomposing and crushing dead pigs into blocks, spraying plant extract while spraying 300ml of plant extract per hundred kilograms of pigs, and placing the pigs in a fermentation tank; adding organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, heating the materials to 50 ℃, fermenting for 12 hours to obtain a fermented material, and sterilizing for 3 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material; the weight ratio of the dead pigs to the organic waste containing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus polymyxa to the bacillus coagulans is 1000:300:1:3: 1;
(2) placing the sterilized material in a shovel pot, heating for 12 hours at 45 ℃, reducing the water content to below 30%, promoting the hydrolysis of protein and fat in the material, and obtaining the decomposed material after the treatment, namely the amino acid organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the amino acid organic fertilizer and a common organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15: 85, and obtaining the 15 percent amino acid organic fertilizer. Through detection, the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer contains 4.15% of nitrogen and P2O52.7% of K22.27 percent of O, 51.9 percent of organic matter and 7.4 of pH.
Example 2 preparation of 15% amino acid organic fertilizer
Preparing bacteria liquid, plant extract and organic waste
Before the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are added into a fermentation tank, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are respectively cultured in culture media until the concentration of bacterial liquid is 2.0 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium is a beef extract peptone culture medium;
the plant extract is prepared by mixing and crushing kujian peel, oil tea, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaves, adding 80% ethanol solution with the total mass being 10 times of that of the kujian peel, heating, refluxing and extracting for two times, extracting for 22min each time, filtering, and mixing the filtrates obtained by the two times of extraction; the mass ratio of the kujian peel to the oil tea leaves to the lemon grass to the eucalyptus leaves is 1:10:5: 8;
the organic waste is a composition of rice bran, hay and bagasse;
(II) preparing a 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
(1) decomposing and crushing dead pigs into blocks, spraying plant extract while spraying 400ml of plant extract per hundred kilograms of pigs, and placing the pigs in a fermentation tank; adding organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, heating the materials to 70 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a fermented material, and sterilizing for 6 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material; the weight ratio of the dead pigs to the organic waste containing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus polymyxa to the bacillus coagulans is 1100:350:4:6: 3;
(2) placing the sterilized material in a shovel pot, heating for 18h at 70 ℃, reducing the water content to below 30%, promoting the hydrolysis of protein and fat in the material, and obtaining the decomposed material after the treatment, namely the amino acid organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the amino acid organic fertilizer and a common organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15: 85, and obtaining the 15 percent amino acid organic fertilizer.
Example 3 preparation of 15% amino acid organic fertilizer
Preparing bacteria liquid, plant extract and organic waste
Before the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are added into a fermentation tank, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans are respectively cultured in culture media until the concentration of bacterial liquid is 1.5 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium is an LB culture medium;
the plant extract is prepared by mixing and crushing kujian peel, oil tea, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaves, adding 80% ethanol solution with the total mass being 9 times of that of the kujian peel, heating, refluxing and extracting for two times, extracting for 20min each time, filtering, and mixing the filtrates obtained by the two times of extraction; the mass ratio of the kujian peel to the oil tea leaves to the lemon grass to the eucalyptus leaves is 1:5:2: 5;
the organic waste is a composition of mushroom dregs, rice hulls, hay and bagasse;
(II) preparing a 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
(1) decomposing and crushing dead pigs into blocks, spraying plant extract while spraying 350ml of plant extract per hundred kilograms of pigs, and placing the pigs in a fermentation tank; adding organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, heating the materials to 60 ℃, fermenting for 18 hours to obtain a fermented material, and sterilizing for 5 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material; the weight ratio of the dead pigs to the organic waste containing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens to the bacillus polymyxa to the bacillus coagulans is 1050:320:2:5: 2;
(2) placing the sterilized material in a shovel pot, heating for 14 hours at 65 ℃, reducing the water content to below 30%, promoting the hydrolysis of protein and fat in the material, and obtaining the decomposed material after the treatment, namely the amino acid organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the amino acid organic fertilizer and a common organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15: 85, and obtaining the 15 percent amino acid organic fertilizer.
Example 4 preparation of a Fertilizer specific for citrus
The fertilizer special for citrus comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in the example 1, 0.5 part of compound fertilizer and 0.25 part of potassium fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is a combination of 46% potassium sulfate and 54% potassium chloride; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15; the preparation method of the special citrus fertilizer is characterized by uniformly mixing the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer.
Example 5 preparation of a Fertilizer specific for citrus
The fertilizer special for citrus comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in the example 2, 0.3 part of compound fertilizer and 0.5 part of potassium fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15; the preparation method of the special citrus fertilizer is characterized by uniformly mixing the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer.
Example 6 preparation of a Fertilizer specific for citrus
The fertilizer special for citrus comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in example 3, 0.4 part of compound fertilizer and 1 part of potassium fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15; the preparation method of the special citrus fertilizer is characterized by uniformly mixing the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer.
Example 7 preparation of a Fertilizer specific for citrus
The fertilizer special for citrus comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in example 1, 0.5 part of compound fertilizer and 1.5 parts of potassium fertilizer; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15; the preparation method of the special citrus fertilizer is characterized by uniformly mixing the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer.
Blank group: compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 2.67kg per plant.
Comparative example 1: farmer habit fertilizer, common organic fertilizer (N1.52%, P)2O5 0.63％，K20.88 percent of O, 59.4 percent of organic matter and pH 6.5), 8 kg/plant of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 2 kg/plant of peanut bran(N 9.34％，P2O5 2.18％，K2O1.96%, organic 88.1%) 1 kg/strain.
Application examples
The method is carried out in 11 months to 2020 and 8 months in 2019, the test material taking place is located in a citrus garden of mandarin orange in the Wuming district of Nanning city, the variety of the citrus is biennial fertile citrus, the special fertilizer for the citrus can be used as a base fertilizer in blank groups, comparative examples 1 and 9 kg/plant of example 4, 9.5 kg/plant of example 5, 8.5 kg/plant of example 6 and 10 kg/plant of example 7, and the fertilizer is buried in a planting hole during planting of the citrus, and the following technical indexes are detected.
TABLE 1 Fertilizer ratios tested
Firstly, collecting an experimental sample:
1. sampling soil by a quartering method, collecting a soil sample of 0-30cm near a tree crown water dripping line, collecting about 1000g of soil from a soil layer of 0-40cm deep at each sampling point, and removing impurities such as plant roots, stones and the like. And randomly selecting 5-8 sampling points of soil, and uniformly mixing the soil in equal amount to form a sample. Air drying, grinding, and passing through aperture 1mm, 0.149mm for use.
2. Collecting leaves at four directions of east, south, west, north and upper part of each tree with height of 1.5-2.0m, collecting spring tips, collecting 30 leaves of each tree, packaging the collected leaves in a clean transparent sealing bag, taking the transparent sealing bag back to a laboratory, cleaning, picking and deactivating enzymes at 105 ℃, drying at 75 ℃ to constant weight, crushing, drying, bagging and sealing for later use.
Secondly, a detection method comprises the following steps:
1. soil detection
pH: preparing pH standard buffer solution, calibrating pH meter, weighing soil sample 10g in 50ml beaker, adding CO225ml of water, shaking for 1min, standing for 30min, and then reading by a pH meter.
Organic matter: the potassium dichromate volumetric method (external heating method) is adopted.
Alkaline hydrolysis of nitrogen: an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method is adopted.
Total nitrogen: the Kjeldahl method is adopted.
Quick-acting potassium: with 1mol/LNH4Ac leaching, measured using a flame photometer.
Total potassium: NaOH melting flame photometry is adopted.
2. Citrus leaf detection
Total nitrogen: semi-micro distillation method is adopted.
Calcium: adopts nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Zinc: by HNO3-HClO4Digestion method, atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Total potassium: readings were taken on a flame spectrophotometer using flame photometry.
3. Soil enzyme activity:
sucrase: adopts a 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method.
Urease: adopts sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method.
Catalase: a potassium permanganate titration method is adopted.
The number of soil microbial colonies: bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes: bacterial culture medium, fungal culture medium and actinomycete culture medium are prepared according to different methods and formulas. Treating soil sample, diluting to obtain different concentrations of diluent, inoculating to corresponding culture medium, culturing in incubator for 3 days, observing, and counting.
Third, detection
1. Influence on microorganisms in citrus rhizosphere soil
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on Citrus rhizosphere soil microorganisms
As can be seen from Table 2, the soil bacteria content in the treatment group of example 4 was 32X 10, which was the maximum among the six treatment groups4CFU/g; the soil in the blank group had the highest fungal content of 4.5X 103CFU/g; example 5 the treatment group had the maximum soil actinomycetes content of 12X 104CFU/g。
2. Influence of pH value of citrus rhizosphere soil
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the pH of citrus rhizosphere soil. As can be seen from fig. 1, among the 6 treatment groups, the pH of the citrus rhizosphere soil in the treatment group of example 4 was 4.53 at the maximum, and the pH of the treatment group of example 7 was 4.09 at the minimum. The blank group had a pH of 4.52, which was similar to that of the example 4 treatment group, and the treatment groups of examples 5-7 had pH values of 4.18, 4.22, and 4.09, respectively, which were relatively similar.
3. Effect of organic matter in Citrus Kernel soil
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on citrus root-mean soil organic matter. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the citrus root-surrounded soil treated in example 7 had the highest organic matter content of 57.3g/kg, the citrus root-surrounded soil of the blank group had the lowest organic matter content of 31.7g/kg, and the organic matter contents of the treated groups of examples 4-6 were 46.4g/kg, 32.8g/kg and 33.6g/kg, respectively. Compared with the blank group, the organic matter content of the soil in the examples 4 to 7 is increased by 46.4%, 3.5%, 6.0% and 80.8%, wherein the organic matter content of the soil in the treatment group of the example 7 and the soil in the treatment group of the example 4 are obviously increased. The organic carbon content of the soil was not significantly different between the treatment groups of example 5 and example 6 (P >0.05), but was significantly lower than the treatment groups of example 7 and example 4 (P <0.05), indicating that the treatment groups of the examples of the present application had a better effect on the soil organic index. As can be seen from the figure 2, compared with the chemical fertilizer, the content of organic matters in the citrus root-enclosure soil treated by the organic fertilizer is increased, so that the fertility of the soil treated by the organic fertilizer can be improved.
4. Influence of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of citrus root-surrounding soil
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in citrus rhizosphere soil. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the alkaline nitrogen content of the citrus rhizosphere soil treated in example 7 was 332.2mg/kg at the highest level, while the alkaline nitrogen content of the citrus rhizosphere soil treated in T1 was 156.9mg/kg at the lowest level. Compared with the T1 treatment group, the alkaline nitrogen content of other organic fertilizer treatment groups is increased, wherein the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the treatment group of the example 7 is increased by 111.7%, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the treatment group of the example 6 is increased by 95.6%, and the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the treatment group of the example 4 is increased by 30.1%.
5. Effect of Total Nitrogen in Citrus Kernel-surrounded soil
FIG. 4 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on total nitrogen in citrus rhizosphere soil. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the total nitrogen content in the soil is in a dynamic state, the total nitrogen content of the citrus rhizosphere soil treated in example 7 is the highest and is 3.09g/kg, the blank group has no significant difference between the total nitrogen contents of the example 4 and the example 6 (P >0.05), the total nitrogen content of the example 7 treatment group is significantly higher than that of the blank group (P <0.05), the increase is about 12.77% compared with that of the blank group, and the total nitrogen content of the citrus rhizosphere soil treated in example 7 is significantly increased compared with that of the comparative example 1.
7. Effect of different treatments on Total Potassium in Citrus Kernel soil
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on total potassium in citrus rhizosphere soil. As can be seen from FIG. 5, different fertilizer application methods have a great influence on the total potassium content of the soil. There were significant differences (P <0.05) between the six treatment groups, with the soil treated in example 6 having the highest total potassium content of 6.65 g/kg; the soil treated by the comparative example 1 had the lowest total potassium content of 4.06g/kg, and the soil of the blank fertilizer group had the total potassium content of 4.63 g/kg. The total potassium content of the soil in the treatment groups of examples 4 to 7 is increased by 41.63%, 35.22%, 63.79% and 51.48% respectively compared with the treatment group of the comparative example 1; respectively increases 24.19 percent, 18.57 percent, 43.63 percent and 32.83 percent compared with the fertilizer treatment group of the blank group. The analysis shows that the total potassium content of the soil treated by the organic fertilizer is obviously increased compared with the soil treated by the chemical fertilizer and the fertilizer applied by the farmer habit.
8. Effect of different treatments on Nitrogen content of Citrus leaves
FIG. 6 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on nitrogen content of citrus leaves. As shown in figure 6, in 6 treatment groups, different fertilizer organic fertilizer application modes have great influence on the nitrogen content of citrus leaves. Wherein, the treatment groups of examples 4 to 7 and the blank group and the comparative group 1 have significant difference (p <0.05) and are all significantly higher than the blank group and the comparative group 1. Wherein the nitrogen content of the citrus leaves treated in the example 4 is the maximum and is 2.91g/100 g; the nitrogen content of the citrus leaves after blank group treatment is the lowest, and is 2.32g/100 g. Examples 4-7 the nitrogen content of the citrus leaves in the treated group was increased by 25.43%, 21.55%, 19.40%, 15.95% respectively over the nitrogen content of the citrus leaves in the fertilizer treated group of the blank group. It can also be seen that the nitrogen content of citrus leaves gradually decreased with increasing application of potash fertilizer, but was not significant. Analysis shows that the nitrogen content of the leaves of the plants treated by the organic fertilizer partially replacing the fertilizer is obviously improved compared with that of the plants treated by a single fertilizer.
9. Effect of different treatments on calcium content of Citrus leaves
FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on calcium content of citrus leaves. As shown in fig. 7, in 6 treatment groups, different fertilizer application methods have great influence on the calcium content of citrus leaves. In general, the calcium content of the leaves of the treatment groups of examples 4 to 7 treated by the organic fertilizer is numerically improved compared with that of the blank group and the comparative example 1. The calcium content of the citrus leaves treated in example 6 is the highest and is 37.4 g/kg; the calcium content of the citrus leaves treated by the comparative example 1 is the lowest, and is 25.2 g/kg.
10. Effect of different treatments on Zinc content of Citrus leaves
FIG. 8 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on zinc content of citrus leaves. As can be seen in FIG. 8, in the six treatment groups, different fertilizer application modes have great influence on the zinc content of the citrus leaves. Wherein significant differences (P <0.05) were present between the blank group and the comparative example 1 and examples 4-7 treated groups, and the levels were all lower than in the latter four groups. The zinc content of the leaves of the example 4 treated group is the highest and is 41.4mg/kg, the zinc content of the leaves of the comparative example 1 treated group is the lowest and is 31.9mg/kg, and the zinc content of the leaves of the blank group is 32.6 mg/kg. Examples 4-7 the treatment groups increased the zinc content of the citrus leaves by 27.0%, 14.1%, 20.6%, 14.4% over the blank treatment group, respectively. Comparative example 1 the zinc content of the treated group was reduced by 2.1% compared to the blank citrus leaf.
11. Effect of different treatments on Potassium content of Citrus leaves
FIG. 9 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on potassium content of citrus leaves. As can be analyzed in FIG. 9, in the six treatment groups, different fertilizer organic fertilizer application modes have great influence on the potassium content of the citrus leaves. Wherein the potassium content of the citrus leaves in the treated group of example 7 is the highest and is 1.88g/100 g; comparative example 1 the treated citrus leaf had the lowest potassium content of 1.45g/100 g. The potassium content of the leaves of the groups 4 to 7 is greater than or equal to that of the blank group (7.55 percent, 13.84 percent, 0 percent and 18.24 percent respectively) and is obviously higher than that of the treatment group of the comparative example 1 (P < 0.05). It can be seen that the treatments of examples 4-7 all produced good results in increasing the potassium content of citrus leaves.
12. Effect of different treatments on enzymatic Activity of Citrus rhizosphere soil
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on enzyme Activity in Citrus rhizosphere soil
As can be seen from Table 3, the urease activities of the T3-T6 treated groups were all increased compared with the T1 control group, wherein the most significant increase of the activity of the T3 treated group was 1143.55 ug/g/d. The sucrase activity of the T3-T6 treatment was also higher than that of the T1 treatment, wherein the activity was also highest in the T3 treatment group and was 9.04 mg/g/d. The catalase activity of the T4-treated group was 94.49umol/d/g, which was the highest, compared with that of the T1-treated group, and the catalase activity of the T3, T5 and T6-treated groups was reduced compared with that of the control group.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The weight-reduction and efficiency-enhancement special fertilizer for citrus is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of 15% amino acid organic fertilizer, 0.3-0.5 part of compound fertilizer and 0.25-1.5 parts of potassium fertilizer; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the preparation method of the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) decomposing and crushing dead pigs into blocks, and placing the blocks in a fermentation tank; adding organic waste, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus polymyxa and bacillus coagulans into a fermentation tank, uniformly mixing, heating the materials to 50-70 ℃, fermenting for 12-24 hours to obtain a fermentation material, and sterilizing for 3-6 hours at 70-90 ℃ to obtain a sterilized material;
(2) placing the sterilized material in a shovel pot, heating at 45-70 ℃ for 12-18 hours, reducing the water content to below 30%, promoting the hydrolysis of protein and fat in the material, and obtaining the decomposed material after the treatment, namely the amino acid organic fertilizer;
(3) mixing the amino acid organic fertilizer and a common organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 15: 85, and obtaining the 15 percent amino acid organic fertilizer.
2. The weight-reducing and efficiency-enhancing special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer is 15-15-15.
3. The weight-reduction and efficiency-increase citrus special fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the 15% amino acid organic fertilizer comprises 4.00 ± 0.15% of total nitrogen and P2O52.00 +/-0.70 percent and K2O is 1.35 +/-0.85%, the pH value is 6.5-8.5, and the content of organic matters is more than 50%.
4. The weight-reduction and efficiency-increase special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein plant extract is sprayed while the pigs died of illness are decomposed and crushed; 300-400 ml of plant extract is poured into one hundred kilograms of pigs.
5. The weight-reducing and effect-enhancing fertilizer special for citrus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the plant extract is obtained by mixing and pulverizing kujian peel, oil tea leaf, lemon grass and eucalyptus leaf, adding 80% ethanol solution with the total mass of 8-10 times of the kujian peel, heating, refluxing and extracting for two times, wherein each extraction time is 20 +/-2 min, filtering, and mixing filtrates obtained by two extraction processes.
6. The weight-reducing and effect-enhancing special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the kujian peel, the oil tea leaves, the lemon grass and the eucalyptus leaves is 1: 3-10: 1-5: 4-8.
7. The weight-reducing and efficiency-improving fertilizer special for citrus according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the dead pigs, the organic waste, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the bacillus polymyxa and the bacillus coagulans is 1000-1100: 300-350: 1-4: 3-6: 1-3.
8. The weight-reducing and effect-enhancing special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic waste is a composition of any two or more of mushroom residue, sawdust, rice hull, rice bran, hay and bagasse.
9. A preparation method of the special citrus fertilizer with the effects of reducing and increasing the weight according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the 15 percent amino acid organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are uniformly mixed.
10. The application of the decrement-enhancing special fertilizer for citrus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the special fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and is buried in a planting hole during planting of citrus; 3-20 kg of special fertilizer is used for each plant.
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| CN107141120A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-09-08 | 上海禾绿生物有机肥有限公司 | A kind of special compound fertilizer of biological organic and preparation method thereof |
| CN108675839A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-19 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of recovery processing compost method for the fowl that dies of illness |
| CN108707031A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-10-26 | 贵州世农肥业有限公司 | A kind of dead livestock and poultry microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106966815A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-07-21 | 霍邱县皖西绿源牧业有限责任公司 | A kind of also fertile method for innocent treatment of dead pig |
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Application publication date: 20210928 |