CN113439767A - 一种除菌除螨剂、其制备方法及浓缩洗衣液 - Google Patents
一种除菌除螨剂、其制备方法及浓缩洗衣液 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种除菌除螨剂,其包括植物复配提取物以及醋酸钙;所述的植物复配提取物为柚皮、淡竹叶和柿叶的提取物。制备植物复配提取物的原料中,柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶的质量比为(0.5‑3):(2‑3):1。本发明还公开了上述除菌除螨剂的制备方法,并公开了配方中包含上述除菌除螨剂的超浓缩洗衣液。本发明通过醇提水沉法,获得柚皮、淡竹叶和柿叶的提取物,各提取物与醋酸钙组成除菌除螨剂,产生协同效应,获得了显著的抑菌和除螨效果。通过筛选多款表活搭配,克服了表活浓度过高形成立方相液晶的问题,可获得活性物含量超过50%的超浓缩洗衣液。本发明超浓缩洗衣液兼顾了抑菌除螨效果与安全性,去污力强劲。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于日化领域,具体涉及一种除菌除螨剂、其制备方法及浓缩洗衣液。
背景技术
各种物品表面、体表皮肤以及与外界相通的腔道中都存在有大量微生物,对人类致病比较重要的常见代表性细菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌以及自色念珠菌等。螨虫在一般家庭中大量存在,大多寄生于床垫被褥、衣物等。螨虫对人的危害主要是引起过敏症和皮脂炎,还会增加哮喘等过敏性疾患的发生率。
除菌除螨洗衣液属于近年来热点,受到越来越多消费者的关注,各大知名品牌也相继推出了相关产品。越来越多的研究加上商家的引导,使消费者认识到,衣物、床品等纺织品,其携带的细菌螨虫与鼻炎、呼吸道感染、皮肤过敏瘙痒、粉刺痤疮等问题都有关联。尤其是近些年的疫情影响,消费者对于除菌除螨产品有较大需求。然而,现有日化用品中的灭菌、除螨成分存在刺激性强、有安全风险、灭菌除螨效果不显著等缺陷。调研市场上目前的除菌除螨洗衣液产品,常用的除菌除螨剂为对氯间二甲苯酚,对氯间二甲基苯酚一般具有中等到低毒性,会引起严重的眼部刺激,通过呼吸渠道摄入具有低毒,此外还会引起轻微的皮肤刺激。对氯间二甲苯酚的副作用也非常大,一旦进入人体之后,可以导致食管和肠胃的黏膜细胞坏死,这就会使患者出现食道灼伤,并且还会使患者出现中毒性肠炎。除此之外,这种药物还会导致身体的肠均衡失调,这就会对消化系统造成非常严重的影响。并且这种药物还有可能造成患者出现急性呼吸衰竭,急性肾功能衰竭等疾病,会严重的危害生命安全。因此,亟需一种安全性高、抑菌除螨效果好的日化用品专用抑菌除螨剂。
浓缩型洗衣液是目前洗衣液的主流趋势,既响应了国家节能减排的号召,也容易漂洗,省水省力。但受技术限制,表活浓度过高会导致形成立方相液晶或层状液晶,导致析出或结块,目前多数浓缩洗衣液活性物含量基本在25-32%之间,研发高浓度洗衣液是无数日化工作者的奋斗目标。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种除菌除螨剂、其制备方法及浓缩洗衣液制备方法,抑菌除螨效果好,安全性高,活性物含量可达50%以上。
具体技术方案如下:
本发明的目的之一是提供一种除菌除螨剂,其包括植物复配提取物以及醋酸钙;经过几十种植物提取物的抑菌性能筛选,最终选定的植物复配提取物为柚皮、淡竹叶和柿叶的提取物。
其中,柚皮提取物含有丰富的柚皮苷,除菌效果显著,而且可耐碱性环境,有较强的抗氧化性,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌均有抑制活性。价格低廉、易得。
其中,淡竹叶提取物有良好的抗菌性,对金黄葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌均有一定的抑制作用。淡竹叶提取物的动物实验表明,它具有抑制过敏和搔痒的功能。
其中,柿叶提取物除菌效果明显,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、荧光假单胞菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌等多种细菌均有不同程度的抑制效果。价格低廉、易得。
在本发明中,柚皮提取物、淡竹叶提取物、柿叶提取物、醋酸钙产生了显著的协同效应,抑菌、除螨效果好,安全性高。
进一步,制备植物复配提取物的原料中,柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶的质量比为(0.5-3):(2-3):1。
上述配比中,柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶的质量均为以干制后的质量计。
再进一步,植物复配提取物与醋酸钙的质量比为10:(1-2)。
进一步,所述的植物复配提取物为柚皮、淡竹叶和柿叶的醇提水沉提取物。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种上述除菌除螨剂的制备方法,其中,所述的植物复配提取物为通过醇提水沉工艺获得。
进一步,所述的植物复配提取物的制备方法包括如下步骤:将柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶原料粉碎,置于75-95%的乙醇溶液中70-80℃回流提取1.5-3h,慢速定性滤纸过滤,敞口浓缩至浸膏状态,加入浸膏质量4-6倍的去离子水,8-12h后再次过滤,滤液干燥后,得植物复配提取物。
其中,柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶原料与75-95%的乙醇溶液的质量比为1:(20-40)。乙醇的浓度为体积分数。
其中,所述的干燥优选为冷冻干燥。
进一步,将制备获得的植物复配提取物与醋酸钙按比例混合,获得除菌除螨剂。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种超浓缩洗衣液,其配方包括上述除菌除螨剂。
进一步,所述的超浓缩洗衣液以重量份数计包括除菌除螨剂0.5wt%-5wt%。
再进一步,所述的超浓缩洗衣液以重量份数计,其配方以质量百分数计包括:除菌除螨剂0.5wt%-5wt%,Lutensol XL70 30wt%-50wt%,α-烯基磺酸钠2wt%-10wt%、辛基磺酸钠2wt%-10wt%,皂粒1wt%-3wt%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)4wt%-10wt%,柠檬酸钠1wt%-4wt%,无水氯化钙0.01wt%-0.1wt%,甘油2wt%-5wt%,丙二醇2wt%-5wt%,乙醇0.5wt%-1wt%,蛋白酶0.1wt%-0.5wt%,以及脂肪酶0.1wt%-0.5wt%。其中,上述配方中还可包括防腐剂0.1wt%-1wt%,香精0.1wt%-1wt%。上述配方的余量为水。
其中,Lutensol XL70,其分子式为RO-(C2H4O)nH,R为C10,属于脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一类,相对于AEO-9的C12-18而言,碳链缩短,溶解度增大,其原料本身状态就是液态,在水溶液中也是粘度较低的液态,可配置浓度为0-60的洗衣液产品,非常适合制作超浓缩洗衣液,可比普通浓缩洗衣液浓度高一倍以上。通过α-烯基磺酸钠、辛基磺酸钠两款阴离子表面活性剂与Lutensol XL70、AEO-9两款非离子表面活性剂搭配,利用非离子表面活性剂来降低胶束电荷密度,且非离子表面活性剂庞大的极性头可有效增加空间位阻,阻碍立方相液晶的形成。并通过添加甘油、丙二醇、乙醇,可有效降低体系粘度,且避免低温析出。得到稳定的超浓缩洗衣液。
进一步,所述的超浓缩洗衣液的制备方法包括如下步骤:其制备方法包括如下步骤:水中添加皂粒,升温至80-90℃,加入Lutensol XL70、α-烯基磺酸钠、辛基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、柠檬酸钠、无水氯化钙、甘油、丙二醇、乙醇,溶解均匀后开始降温,降为至38℃后加入除菌除螨剂、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、防腐剂、香精,补水至100wt%即得。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明通过醇提水沉法,获得柚皮、淡竹叶和柿叶的提取物,各提取物与醋酸钙组成除菌除螨剂,产生协同效应,获得了显著的抑菌和除螨效果。比常用的对氯间二甲苯酚、三氯生等常用除菌除螨剂安全、绿色。通过筛选多款表活搭配,克服了表活浓度过高形成立方相液晶的问题,通过α-烯基磺酸钠、辛基磺酸钠两款阴离子表面活性剂与LutensolXL70、AEO-9两款非离子表面活性剂搭配,辅以甘油、丙二醇、乙醇,可获得活性物含量超过50%的超浓缩洗衣液。将本发明的除菌除螨剂应用于超浓缩洗衣液中,兼顾了抑菌除螨效果与安全性,去污力强劲,5mL即可满足8kg洗衣机的满负荷清洗要求。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
1、制备除菌除螨剂:所述的除菌除螨剂由质量比为10:1的植物复配提取物和醋酸钙组成;
其制备方法如下:
(1)制备植物复配提取物:作为原料的柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶的质量比为2:2:1;将上述原料粉碎,置于85%的乙醇溶液中,原料与乙醇溶液的质量比为1:25;75℃回流提取2h,慢速定性滤纸过滤,敞口浓缩至浸膏状态,加入浸膏质量5倍的去离子水,10h后再次过滤,滤液冷冻干燥后,得植物复配提取物。
(2)将步骤(1)获得的植物复配提取物与醋酸钙按质量比10:1混合,得除菌除螨剂。
2.使用步骤1获得的除菌除螨剂,制备超浓缩洗衣液:按照重量份数计,所述的超浓缩洗衣液的配方如下:除菌除螨剂2wt%,Lutensol XL70(巴斯夫)30wt%,α-烯基磺酸钠10wt%、辛基磺酸钠10wt%,皂粒1wt%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)4wt%,柠檬酸钠2wt%,无水氯化钙0.05wt%,甘油3wt%,丙二醇3wt%,乙醇0.5wt%,蛋白酶0.3wt%,以及脂肪酶0.3wt%,防腐剂0.05wt%,以及香精0.5wt%,加水补至100wt%。
其制备方法如下:
水中加皂粒,升温至85℃,加入Lutensol XL70、α-烯基磺酸钠、辛基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、柠檬酸钠、无水氯化钙、甘油、丙二醇、乙醇,溶解均匀后开始降温,降为至38℃后加入除菌除螨剂、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、防腐剂、香精,补水至100wt%即得。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别在于,所述的除螨除菌剂仅包括植物复配提取物,不包括醋酸钙;
其余技术特征与实施例1相同。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于,所述的植物复配提取物的原料为质量比为1:1的柚皮和淡竹叶,不包括柿叶;
其余技术特征与实施例1相同。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于,所述的植物复配提取物的原料为质量比为2:1的柚皮和柿叶,不包括淡竹叶;
其余技术特征与实施例1相同。
对比例4
与实施例1的区别在于,所述的植物复配提取物的原料为质量比为2:1的淡竹叶和柿叶,不包括柚皮;
其余技术特征与实施例1相同。
实施例2
1、制备除菌除螨剂:所述的除菌除螨剂由质量比为10:2的植物复配提取物和醋酸钙组成;
其制备方法如下:
(1)制备植物复配提取物:与实施例1的区别在于,柚皮、淡竹叶与柿叶的质量比为1:2:1,制备方法同实施例1;
(2)将步骤(1)获得的植物复配提取物与醋酸钙混合。
2.使用步骤1获得的除菌除螨剂,制备超浓缩洗衣液:按照重量份数计,所述的超浓缩洗衣液的配方如下:除菌除螨剂4wt%,Lutensol XL70(巴斯夫)45wt%,α-烯基磺酸钠4wt%、辛基磺酸钠4wt%,皂粒1wt%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)5wt%,柠檬酸钠2wt%,无水氯化钙0.05wt%,甘油3wt%,丙二醇3wt%,乙醇0.5wt%,蛋白酶0.3wt%,以及脂肪酶0.3wt%,防腐剂0.05wt%,以及香精0.5wt%,加水补至100wt%;
超浓缩洗衣液的制备方法同实施例1。
实验1除菌实验
试验菌株:大肠杆菌8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538由中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心提供,第4-8代新鲜斜面培养物。
试验样品:实施例1与对比例1-4获得的洗衣液。
检测方法:按照《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准GB 15979 2002》附录C进行检测,试验温度19-21℃,试验重复3次。结果见表1。
表1实施例1与对比例1-4的抑菌效果对比
根据以上数据可知,实施例1对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌作用,而其他对比例的抑菌作用则显著弱于实施例1。
实验2除螨实验
螨虫种类:本实验采用粉尘螨雌雄成螨。
试验样品:实施例1与对比例1-4获得的洗衣液。
试验方法:剪取18块圆形50mm直径的100%纯棉制品,经高温蒸煮后晾干待用,将18块纯棉制品至于培养皿中,标记1-18号,分别均匀撒上0.05g螨虫饲料,并投放150只存活螨虫。
将培养皿放入恒温恒湿箱中,温度为25±2℃,相对湿度为75±5%,培养7天,然后取实施例1获得的洗衣液15g,将1-3号纯棉制品用常规滚筒洗衣机进行标准洗衣操作,洗后取出,自然风干,计数螨虫数量。
同理,对对比例1-4获得的洗衣液按照上述方法进行操作,对比例1清洗4-6号,对比例2清洗7-9号,对比例3清洗10-12号,对比例4清洗13-15号,16-18号作为对照组,直接用清水冲洗。
设三块试验组存活螨虫数的平均值为T,三块对照组存活螨虫数的平均值为B,螨虫抑制率为(B-T)/B*100%。结果见表2。
表2实施例1与对比例1-4除螨效果对比
根据以上结果可知,实施例1对螨虫具有较强的抑制作用,而其他对比例的抑制作用则弱于实施例1。
实验3多次完整皮肤刺激实验
实验动物的情况见表3。
表3实验3中实验动物情况
试验前将动物背部脊柱两侧被毛剪掉,去毛范围各3cm*3cm,涂覆面积为2.5cm*2.5cm。
取0.5mL实施例1样品涂覆在一侧皮肤上,另一侧作为对照,涂覆4h后用水冲洗,除去残留物。每天涂一次,连续涂14天,在每次涂覆后24h观察现象。按规范要求进行评分分级。结果见表4。
表4多次完整皮肤刺激实验
通过表4可知,实施例1对家兔多次完整皮肤刺激性检测结果为轻刺激性,未见其他毒性。
实验4产品去污力测试
选取市场销量较好的6款浓缩型洗衣液产品,作为对照样1-6,与实施例1进行去污力对比。
测试方法:依据GB/T 13174-2003《衣料用洗涤剂去污力及抗污渍再沉积能力的测定》进行去污力检测。
评价标准:QB/T 1224-2007,去污力A级规定为三种污布的去污力≥标准粉去污力,去污力B级规定为二种污布的去污力≥标准粉去污力,去污力C级规定为一种污布的去污力≥标准粉去污力。且每一级都通过碳黑污布。
测试仪器:WSD-Ⅲ白度仪,RHLQ立式去污机。结果见表5。
表5实施例1与其他浓缩型洗衣液的去污力对比
通过表5可见,实施例1具有良好的去污力。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种除菌除螨剂,其特征在于,包括植物复配提取物以及醋酸钙;所述的植物复配提取物为柚皮、淡竹叶和柿叶的提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的除菌除螨剂,其特征在于,制备植物复配提取物的原料中,柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶的质量比为(0.5-3):(2-3):1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的除菌除螨剂,其特征在于,植物复配提取物与醋酸钙的质量比为10:(1-2)。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一项所述的除菌除螨剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的植物复配提取物为通过醇提水沉工艺获得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的植物复配提取物的制备方法包括如下步骤:将柚皮、淡竹叶、柿叶原料粉碎,置于75-95%的乙醇溶液中70-80℃回流提取1.5-3h,慢速定性滤纸过滤,敞口浓缩至浸膏状态,加入浸膏质量4-6倍的去离子水,8-12h后再次过滤,滤液干燥后,得植物复配提取物。
6.一种超浓缩洗衣液,其配方包括如权利要求1-3任一项所述的除菌除螨剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的超浓缩洗衣液,其特征在于,其配方以质量百分数计包括除菌除螨剂0.5wt%-5wt%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的超浓缩洗衣液,其特征在于,其配方以质量百分数计包括:除菌除螨剂0.5wt%-5wt%,Lutensol XL70 30wt%-50wt%,α-烯基磺酸钠2wt%-10wt%、辛基磺酸钠2wt%-10wt%,皂粒1wt%-3wt%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚4wt%-10wt%,柠檬酸钠1wt%-4wt%,无水氯化钙0.01wt%-0.1wt%,甘油2wt%-5wt%,丙二醇2wt%-5wt%,乙醇0.5wt%-1wt%,蛋白酶0.1wt%-0.5wt%,以及脂肪酶0.1wt%-0.5wt%。
9.根据权利要求8所述的超浓缩洗衣液,其特征在于,其配方还包括防腐剂0.1wt%-1wt%,香精0.1wt%-1wt%。
10.根据权利要求9所述的超浓缩洗衣液,其特征在于,其制备方法包括如下步骤:水中添加皂粒,升温至80-90℃,加入Lutensol XL70、α-烯基磺酸钠、辛基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、柠檬酸钠、无水氯化钙、甘油、丙二醇、乙醇,溶解均匀后开始降温,降为至38℃后加入除菌除螨剂、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、防腐剂、香精,补水至100wt%即得。
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