CN113437487A - High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment - Google Patents

High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113437487A
CN113437487A CN202110613798.7A CN202110613798A CN113437487A CN 113437487 A CN113437487 A CN 113437487A CN 202110613798 A CN202110613798 A CN 202110613798A CN 113437487 A CN113437487 A CN 113437487A
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dielectric resonator
dielectric
radiator
antenna structure
metal sleeve
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CN113437487B (en
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赵伟
唐小兰
戴令亮
谢昱乾
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Shenzhen Sunway Communication Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment, which comprise a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, more than two radiating bodies and a metal sleeve, wherein the dielectric resonator, the radiating bodies and the metal sleeve are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is different from that of each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator is 21. The invention can improve the gain of the dielectric resonator antenna and increase the bandwidth.

Description

High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a high-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment.
Background
5G is the focus of research and development in the world, and 5G standard has become common in the industry by developing 5G technology. The international telecommunications union ITU identified three major application scenarios for 5G at ITU-RWP5D meeting No. 22 held 6 months 2015: enhanced mobile broadband, large-scale machine communication, high-reliability and low-delay communication. The 3 application scenes correspond to different key indexes respectively, wherein the peak speed of a user in the enhanced mobile bandwidth scene is 20Gbps, and the lowest user experience rate is 100 Mbps. The unique high carrier frequency and large bandwidth characteristics of millimeter waves are the main means for realizing 5G ultrahigh data transmission rate.
The dielectric resonator has the advantages of low loss, high radiation efficiency and the like; meanwhile, the antenna is made of a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant, and has the advantage of small structural size when the working frequency is low; and, DRA (dielectric resonator antenna) is a three-dimensional structure, and the design is more flexible than the traditional antenna. However, when a DRA operates in a single mode (higher order mode), its relative bandwidth is typically relatively small, and thus it is desirable to increase the bandwidth without losing gain.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a high-gain broadband antenna structure and an electronic device are provided, which can increase the gain of a dielectric resonator antenna and increase the bandwidth.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-gain broadband antenna structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, more than two radiating bodies and a metal sleeve, wherein the dielectric resonator, the radiating bodies and the metal sleeve are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is different from that of each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator is 21.
The invention also proposes an electronic device comprising a high-gain broadband antenna structure as described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the size and the dielectric constant of the cylindrical dielectric resonator are designed, so that a high-order mode can be excited, and the antenna gain is improved; by loading the radiator with the working mode same as the main mode of the dielectric resonator, the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be further enhanced, so that the gain is further improved; meanwhile, the resonance frequency of the loaded radiator is different from that of the dielectric resonator, so that the bandwidth can be increased; by adopting the annular radiator, the working mode which is the same as the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be excited without complex excitation conditions, and the annular radiator has small volume and low cost; by arranging the metal sleeve, new resonance can be generated, the bandwidth is further increased, and the gain is improved. The invention can improve the gain of the high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna and increase the bandwidth at the same time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-gain broadband antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a high-gain broadband antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of a high-gain broadband antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the electric field distribution at the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28 GHz;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the electric field distribution at the ZOX plane for a dielectric resonator at 28 GHz;
FIG. 6 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28 GHz;
FIG. 7 is an electric field distribution diagram for the XOY plane of two radiators;
fig. 8 is an electric field distribution diagram of the YOZ plane of the antenna structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic S parameter diagram of the antenna structure before and after loading the annular microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve;
fig. 10 is a schematic gain curve diagram of the antenna structure before and after loading the annular microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a dielectric substrate; 2. a dielectric resonator; 3. a radiator; 4. a metal sleeve; 5. a microstrip line;
11. a first dielectric layer; 12. a ground plane; 13. a second dielectric layer;
121. a feed slot.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-gain broadband antenna structure includes a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, two or more radiators, and a metal sleeve, where the dielectric resonator, the radiators, and the metal sleeve are disposed on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonator is cylindrical, and the radiators are annular; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is different from that of each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator is 21.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the gain of the dielectric resonator antenna can be improved while increasing the bandwidth.
Further, after the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator and the resonant frequency of each radiator are sorted according to the size, the difference between two adjacent resonant frequencies is 1 GHz.
As can be seen from the above description, each radiator is adjacent to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, which is beneficial to increase the bandwidth.
Further, the inner circle radius and the outer circle radius of the radiator are determined according to a first formula and a second formula,
the first formula is
Figure BDA0003097150610000031
The second formula is
Figure BDA0003097150610000032
f12Is the resonant frequency of the radiator, a is the inner circle radius of the radiator, b is the outer circle radius of the radiator, c is the speed of light, X12DK is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, N1As Bessel function of the first kind, J1Is a Bessel function of the second kind.
As can be seen from the above description, the size of each radiator is determined mainly according to its own resonant frequency and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
Further, the diameter of the metal sleeve is lambda/2, the height of the metal sleeve is lambda/4, and lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator.
From the above description, it can be known that by adding a metal sleeve, a new resonance can be generated, further increasing the bandwidth and increasing the gain.
Further, the dielectric resonator and the two or more radiators are located in the metal sleeve.
Further, the dielectric resonator, each radiator and the metal sleeve are concentric.
Further, the dielectric substrate comprises a first dielectric layer, a ground layer and a second dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked, and the dielectric resonator, the radiator and the metal sleeve are arranged on the first dielectric layer; and a feed gap is arranged on the grounding layer, and the projection of the dielectric resonator on the grounding layer covers the feed gap.
The microstrip line is arranged on one surface of the second medium layer far away from the ground layer, and the microstrip line is coupled with the feed gap.
As can be seen from the above description, the dielectric resonator and the radiator are simultaneously fed by slot coupling feeding.
Further, the radiator is a radiation patch.
As can be seen from the above description, with the radiation patch, the antenna volume can be reduced.
The invention also proposes an electronic device comprising a high-gain broadband antenna structure as described above.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, a first embodiment of the present invention is: a high-gain broadband antenna structure can be applied to 5G millimeter wave terminals.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is described by taking an example including two radiators, and includes a dielectric substrate 1, a dielectric resonator 2, and two or more radiators 3. The dielectric substrate 1 includes a first dielectric layer 11, a ground layer 12, and a second dielectric layer 13, which are sequentially stacked, and the dielectric resonator 2 and the radiator 3 are disposed on the first dielectric layer 11. The dielectric resonator is cylindrical, and the radiator is annular.
Further, the antenna also comprises a metal sleeve 4, wherein the metal sleeve 4 is arranged on the first medium layer 11, and the medium resonator 2 and the radiator 3 are positioned in the metal sleeve 4. The dielectric resonator, the radiating bodies and the metal sleeve are concentric, namely the axis of the dielectric resonator is superposed with the axis of the metal sleeve, and the circle center of each radiating body is positioned on the axis of the dielectric resonator.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator has a radius of 3mm, a height of 3mm and a dielectric constant of 21. The radiator is a radiation patch, namely a circular radiation patch. The dielectric resonators and the radiators are sequentially arranged from inside to outside according to the radius, and the metal sleeve is arranged on the outermost side.
As shown in fig. 2, a feed slot 121 is provided on the ground layer, and the projection of the dielectric resonator 2 on the ground layer covers the feed slot 121. As shown in fig. 3, the antenna further includes a microstrip line 5, where the microstrip line 5 is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer 13 away from the ground layer, and the microstrip line 5 is coupled to the feed slot 121. Specifically, the projection of the microstrip line on the ground plane perpendicularly intersects the feed slot.
That is to say, in this embodiment, the dielectric resonator and the multiple radiators are simultaneously fed by slot coupling feeding, which is equivalent to loading the annular microstrip antenna on the basis of the dielectric resonator antenna, that is, the annular radiator in this embodiment is a radiator in the annular microstrip antenna.
Fig. 1 to 3 are only schematic diagrams, and the diameter of the inner circle of the radiator with the smallest radius does not necessarily coincide with the diameter of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator.
Furthermore, the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working mode of each radiator; the dielectric resonator has a different resonant frequency from each radiator. Preferably, after the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator and the resonant frequency of each radiator are sorted according to size, the difference between two adjacent resonant frequencies is 1 GHz. For example, in this embodiment, the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is 28GHz, and the resonant frequencies of the two radiators are 27GHz and 29GHz, respectively, that is, the resonant frequency of the radiator is adjacent to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, which is beneficial to increasing the bandwidth.
For a general higher order mode cylinder DRA (dielectric resonator antenna) to increase both gain and bandwidth, externally loading the same mode radiator is the simplest choice. For example, in this embodiment, the cylindrical dielectric resonator operates in the HEM12Mode (HEM)12≈TM12+TE11I.e. HEM12Mode is TM12And TE11Mixed mode of (1), wherein TM12Dominant, i.e. TM, mode12Mode), both radiators operate at TM12Mode(s). I.e. TM in the main mode12Loading two same TM on DRA (dielectric resonator antenna) of mode12Radiated antenna, then the TM of the DRA will be further enhanced12Modes, thereby increasing DRA gain, again due to the introduction of multiple TMs12The antenna resonant frequency of the radiation is adjacent to the DRA resonant frequency and thus the bandwidth is also increased.
However, it was found in practice to introduce two TMs12After the mode microstrip antenna, the bandwidth is deteriorated, and the gain is not obviously improved, so that a metal sleeve is also arranged, the DRA and the microstrip antenna are coupled with the metal sleeve, and a new resonance (TM) can be generated after the metal sleeve is added11Mode), the bandwidth is significantly enhanced and the gain is greatly increased.
Preferably, the diameter (inside diameter) of the metal sleeve is λ/2, the height is λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency of the dielectric resonator. In this embodiment, λ is a wavelength corresponding to 28GHz, but the resonant frequency excited by the metal sleeve is 25 GHz.
In this embodiment, TM12The mode radiation antenna adopts a ring microstrip antenna, and has the advantages of small size, low cost and the like because the size of the antenna can be calculated by an analytical expression. Other types of microstrip antennas generally require complex excitation conditions to excite TM12Mode(s). Of course, some of the main modes can be TM12The waveguide antenna (horn antenna) or the dielectric resonator antenna of (1), but the loaded antennas have large volumes.
The inner circle radius and the outer circle radius of a radiator of the annular microstrip antenna are determined according to a first formula and a second formula.
The first formula:
Figure BDA0003097150610000061
the second formula:
Figure BDA0003097150610000062
wherein f is12Is the resonant frequency of the radiator, a is the inner circle radius of the radiator, b is the outer circle radius of the radiator, c is the speed of light, X12Is a constant (a known constant obtainable by consulting books and literature), DK is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, N1As Bessel function of the first kind, J1Is a Bessel function of the second kind.
That is, the size of each radiator is determined mainly according to its own resonance frequency and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
FIGS. 4-6 show mode diagrams HEM of a dielectric resonator at 28GHz12Wherein FIG. 4 is an electric field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28GHz, and FIG. 5 is an ZOX plane of the dielectric resonator at 28GHzFig. 6 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28 GHz. The coordinate axis directions refer to fig. 1, that is, the bottom surface of the cylindrical dielectric resonator is parallel to the XOY plane, and the height direction is parallel to the Z-axis direction.
Figure 7 shows a TM with two annular radiators12A pattern diagram, which is an electric field distribution diagram of an electromagnetic cross section (XOY plane) of two radiators, is shown, and the directions of coordinate axes refer to fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 7, the electric field distribution of the radiator coincides with that of the dielectric resonator, thereby enhancing radiation.
Fig. 8 is an electric field distribution diagram of the YOZ plane of the entire antenna structure, and the coordinate axis directions refer to fig. 1. As can be seen from the figure, the metal sleeve, the loop antenna and the metal cavity (i.e. the inner wall of the metal sleeve) form a new working mode, i.e. TM11Mode(s).
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the antenna structure before and after loading the annular microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve, and it can be seen from the diagram that the antenna structure before loading the annular microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve only covers 27.5-28.5GHz, and the bandwidth of the antenna structure after loading the two annular microstrip antennas is increased (calculated by the loss less than-10 dB), but from the overall S parameter curve, the S parameters are deteriorated, and after adding the metal sleeve, the antenna structure can cover 24-30GHz, that is, the antenna structure covers N257 frequency band (26.5-29.5GHz) of the 5G frequency band.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a gain curve of an antenna structure before and after loading the annular microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve, and it can be seen from the figure that after loading two annular microstrip antennas, the antenna gain is increased by more than 1dBi, and after adding the metal sleeve, the antenna gain is increased by more than 1 dBi.
The embodiment can increase the gain and the bandwidth of the high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna at the same time, has small volume and low cost, and can be expanded to the cylinder dielectric resonator antenna in any mode.
In summary, according to the high-gain broadband antenna structure and the electronic device provided by the invention, the dielectric resonator and the radiator are fed simultaneously in a slot coupling feeding manner, and the cylindrical dielectric resonator is excited by the feeding slot to excite a higher-order mode, so that the antenna gain is improved; by loading the radiator with the working mode same as the main mode of the dielectric resonator, the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be further enhanced, so that the gain is further improved; meanwhile, the resonance frequency of the loaded radiator is different from that of the dielectric resonator, so that the bandwidth can be increased; by adopting the annular radiator, the working mode which is the same as the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be excited without complex excitation conditions, and the annular radiator has small volume and low cost; by arranging the metal sleeve, new resonance can be generated, the bandwidth is further increased, and the gain is improved. The invention can increase gain and bandwidth of the high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna, has small volume and low cost, and can be expanded to the cylinder dielectric resonator antenna in any mode.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-gain broadband antenna structure is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, more than two radiating bodies and a metal sleeve, wherein the dielectric resonator, the radiating bodies and the metal sleeve are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is different from that of each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator is 21.
2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator and the resonant frequency of each radiator are sorted by magnitude, and the difference between two adjacent resonant frequencies is 1 GHz.
3. The high-gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the inner circle radius and the outer circle radius of the radiator are determined according to a first formula and a second formula,
the first formula is
Figure FDA0003097150600000011
The second formula is
Figure FDA0003097150600000012
f12Is the resonant frequency of the radiator, a is the inner circle radius of the radiator, b is the outer circle radius of the radiator, c is the speed of light, X12DK is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, N1As Bessel function of the first kind, J1Is a Bessel function of the second kind.
4. The high-gain broadband antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal sleeve has a diameter of λ/2 and a height of λ/4, λ being a wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency of the dielectric resonator.
5. The high-gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1 wherein the dielectric resonator and the two or more radiators are located within the metal sleeve.
6. The high-gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1 wherein the dielectric resonator, each radiator and the metal sleeve are concentric.
7. The high-gain broadband antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate includes a first dielectric layer, a ground layer, and a second dielectric layer stacked in this order, and the dielectric resonator, the radiator, and the metal sleeve are disposed on the first dielectric layer; and a feed gap is arranged on the grounding layer, and the projection of the dielectric resonator on the grounding layer covers the feed gap.
8. The high-gain broadband antenna structure according to claim 6, further comprising a microstrip line disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer away from the ground plane, the microstrip line being coupled to the feed slot.
9. The high-gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1 wherein the radiator is a radiating patch.
10. An electronic device comprising a high-gain broadband antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-9.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN212485555U (en) * 2020-07-20 2021-02-05 阳光学院 Ultra-wideband high-gain dielectric resonator antenna
CN215896684U (en) * 2021-06-02 2022-02-22 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN212485555U (en) * 2020-07-20 2021-02-05 阳光学院 Ultra-wideband high-gain dielectric resonator antenna
CN215896684U (en) * 2021-06-02 2022-02-22 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment

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