CN113437487B - High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment - Google Patents

High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment Download PDF

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CN113437487B
CN113437487B CN202110613798.7A CN202110613798A CN113437487B CN 113437487 B CN113437487 B CN 113437487B CN 202110613798 A CN202110613798 A CN 202110613798A CN 113437487 B CN113437487 B CN 113437487B
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dielectric
dielectric resonator
radiator
antenna structure
radiators
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CN113437487A (en
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赵伟
唐小兰
戴令亮
谢昱乾
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Shenzhen Sunway Communication Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10Resonant antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment, which comprise a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, more than two radiators and a metal sleeve, wherein the dielectric resonator, the radiators and the metal sleeve are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonator is cylindrical, and the radiators are circular; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the dielectric resonator has a different resonant frequency from each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height is 3mm, and the dielectric constant is 21. The invention can improve the gain of the dielectric resonator antenna and increase the bandwidth.

Description

High-gain broadband antenna structure and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a high-gain broadband antenna structure and an electronic device.
Background
As a research and development focus in the global industry, developing 5G technology to formulate 5G standards has become an industry consensus. The international telecommunications union ITU defines three main application scenarios of 5G in the 22 nd conference of ITU-RWP5D held in month 6 of 2015: enhanced mobile broadband, large-scale machine communication, high reliability and low latency communication. The 3 application scenes respectively correspond to different key indexes, wherein the peak speed of the user in the enhanced mobile bandwidth scene is 20Gbps, and the minimum user experience rate is 100Mbps. The unique characteristics of high carrier frequency and large bandwidth of millimeter waves are a main means for realizing the 5G ultra-high data transmission rate.
The dielectric resonator has the advantages of small loss, high radiation efficiency and the like; meanwhile, the antenna is formed by a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant, and has the advantage of small size of the antenna structure when the working frequency is low; and, DRA (dielectric resonator antenna) is a three-dimensional structure, and the design is more flexible than traditional antenna. However, when the DRA is operated in a single mode (higher order mode), its relative bandwidth is typically small, and thus there is a need to boost the bandwidth without loss of gain.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: a high gain broadband antenna structure and an electronic device are provided, which can improve the gain of a dielectric resonator antenna and increase the bandwidth.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the high-gain broadband antenna structure comprises a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, more than two radiators and a metal sleeve, wherein the dielectric resonator, the radiators and the metal sleeve are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonator is cylindrical, and the radiators are circular; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the dielectric resonator has a different resonant frequency from each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height is 3mm, and the dielectric constant is 21.
The invention also provides electronic equipment comprising the high-gain broadband antenna structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the size and the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator of the cylinder are designed to excite a higher-order mode, so that the antenna gain is improved; the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be further enhanced by loading the radiator with the working mode identical to the main mode of the dielectric resonator, so that the gain is further improved; meanwhile, the resonance frequency of the loaded radiator is different from that of the dielectric resonator, so that the bandwidth can be increased; by adopting the circular radiator, the working mode which is the same as the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be excited without complex excitation conditions, and the volume and the cost are small; by arranging the metal sleeve, new resonance can be generated, the bandwidth is further increased, and the gain is improved. The invention can improve the gain of the high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna and increase the bandwidth.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-gain wideband antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a high-gain wideband antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of a high-gain wideband antenna structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an electric field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28 GHz;
FIG. 5 is an electric field distribution diagram of the ZOX side of a dielectric resonator at 28 GHz;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the magnetic field profile of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28 GHz;
FIG. 7 is an electric field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of two radiators;
fig. 8 is a diagram showing an electric field distribution diagram of YOZ plane of an antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters of the antenna structure before and after loading the loop microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of gain curves of an antenna structure before and after loading a loop microstrip antenna and a metal sleeve.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a dielectric substrate; 2. a dielectric resonator; 3. a radiator; 4. a metal sleeve; 5. a microstrip line;
11. a first dielectric layer; 12. a ground layer; 13. a second dielectric layer;
121. a feed slot.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical contents, the achieved objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be made with reference to the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a high-gain broadband antenna structure includes a dielectric substrate, a dielectric resonator, two or more radiators, and a metal sleeve, wherein the dielectric resonator, the radiators and the metal sleeve are disposed on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonator is cylindrical, and the radiators are annular; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the dielectric resonator has a different resonant frequency from each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height is 3mm, and the dielectric constant is 21.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the gain of the dielectric resonator antenna can be increased while increasing the bandwidth.
Further, after the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator and the resonant frequency of each radiator are ordered according to the size, the two adjacent resonant frequencies are different by 1GHz.
As can be seen from the above description, each radiator is adjacent to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, which is advantageous for improving the bandwidth.
Further, the inner radius and the outer radius of the radiator are determined according to a first formula and a second formula,
the first formula is
Figure BDA0003097150610000031
The second formula is
Figure BDA0003097150610000032
f 12 A is the inner radius of the radiator, b is the outer radius of the radiator, c is the speed of light, X 12 Is constant, DK is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, N 1 As Bessel function of the first kind, J 1 As a bessel function of the second type.
As is apparent from the above description, the size of each radiator is mainly determined according to its own resonance frequency and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
Further, the diameter of the metal sleeve is lambda/2, the height of the metal sleeve is lambda/4, and lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator.
From the above description, it is clear that by adding a metal sleeve, a new resonance can be generated, further increasing the bandwidth and increasing the gain.
Further, the dielectric resonator and the two or more radiators are located within the metal sleeve.
Further, the dielectric resonator, each radiator and the metal sleeve are concentric.
Further, the dielectric substrate comprises a first dielectric layer, a grounding layer and a second dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked, and the dielectric resonator, the radiator and the metal sleeve are arranged on the first dielectric layer; and a feed gap is formed in the grounding layer, and the projection of the dielectric resonator on the grounding layer covers the feed gap.
Further, the microstrip line is arranged on one surface, far away from the ground layer, of the second dielectric layer, and the microstrip line is coupled with the feed gap.
As is apparent from the above description, the dielectric resonator and the radiator are simultaneously fed by means of slot-coupled feeding.
Further, the radiator is a radiation patch.
From the above description, it is clear that the antenna volume can be reduced by using the radiation patch.
The invention also provides electronic equipment comprising the high-gain broadband antenna structure.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-10, a first embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a high-gain broadband antenna structure can be applied to a 5G millimeter wave terminal.
As shown in fig. 1, the dielectric resonator includes a dielectric substrate 1, a dielectric resonator 2, and two or more radiators 3, and in this embodiment, two radiators are described as an example. The dielectric substrate 1 comprises a first dielectric layer 11, a ground layer 12 and a second dielectric layer 13 which are sequentially stacked, and the dielectric resonator 2 and the radiator 3 are arranged on the first dielectric layer 11. The dielectric resonator is cylindrical, and the radiator is circular.
Further, the dielectric resonator further comprises a metal sleeve 4, the metal sleeve 4 is arranged on the first dielectric layer 11, and the dielectric resonator 2 and the radiator 3 are positioned in the metal sleeve 4. The dielectric resonator, the radiators and the metal sleeve are concentric, namely, the axis of the dielectric resonator is coincident with the axis of the metal sleeve, and the center of each radiator is positioned on the axis of the dielectric resonator.
Preferably, the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height is 3mm, and the dielectric constant is 21. The radiator is a radiation patch, namely a circular radiation patch. The dielectric resonator and each radiator are sequentially arranged from inside to outside according to the radius, and the metal sleeve is arranged at the outermost side.
As shown in fig. 2, the ground layer is provided with a feed slot 121, and the projection of the dielectric resonator 2 on the ground layer covers the feed slot 121. As shown in fig. 3, the microstrip line 5 is disposed on a surface of the second dielectric layer 13 away from the ground layer, and the microstrip line 5 is coupled with the feed slot 121. Specifically, the projection of the microstrip line on the ground layer perpendicularly intersects the feed slot.
That is, the present embodiment simultaneously feeds the dielectric resonator and the plurality of radiators by means of slot coupling feeding, which is equivalent to loading the loop microstrip antenna on the basis of the dielectric resonator antenna, that is, the loop radiator in the present embodiment is the radiator in the loop microstrip antenna.
1-3 are only schematic illustrations, and the diameter of the inner circle of the radiator with the smallest radius is not necessarily consistent with the diameter of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator.
Further, the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working mode of each radiator; the dielectric resonator has a different resonant frequency from each radiator. Preferably, after the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator and the resonant frequency of each radiator are ordered according to the size, two adjacent resonant frequencies differ by 1GHz. For example, in this embodiment, the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is 28GHz, and the resonant frequencies of the two radiators are 27GHz and 29GHz, respectively, that is, the resonant frequency of the radiator is adjacent to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, which is beneficial for improving the bandwidth.
For a generic higher order mode cylinder DRA (dielectric harmonicsVibrator antenna) while increasing gain and bandwidth, externally loading the same mode radiator is the simplest option. For example, in this embodiment, the cylindrical dielectric resonator operates in HEM 12 Mode (HEM) 12 ≈TM 12 +TE 11 I.e. HEM 12 Mode is TM 12 And TE (TE) 11 In (2) a mixed mode in which TM 12 Dominance, i.e. the main mode being TM 12 Mode), both radiators are operated at TM 12 A mode. I.e. TM in the main mode 12 Mode DRA (dielectric resonator antenna) is loaded with two identical TMs 12 Radiating antenna, then the TM of the DRA will be further enhanced 12 Mode, thereby enhancing DRA gain, again due to the multiple TMs introduced 12 The radiated antenna resonant frequency is adjacent to the DRA resonant frequency and therefore the bandwidth is also increased.
However, it has been found in practice that two TMs are introduced 12 After the microstrip antenna of the mode, the bandwidth is deteriorated and the gain is not obviously improved, therefore, a metal sleeve is also arranged, the DRA and the microstrip antenna are coupled with the metal sleeve, and new resonance (TM) can be generated after the metal sleeve is added 11 Mode), bandwidth is significantly enhanced and gain is greatly increased.
Preferably, the diameter (inside diameter) of the metal sleeve is λ/2, the height is λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency of the dielectric resonator. In this embodiment, λ is the wavelength corresponding to 28GHz, but the resonant frequency excited by the metal sleeve is 25GHz.
In this embodiment, TM 12 The mode radiation antenna adopts a loop microstrip antenna, because the size of the mode radiation antenna can be calculated by an analytical expression, and the mode radiation antenna has the advantages of small volume, low cost and the like. While other types of microstrip antennas generally require complex excitation conditions to excite the TM 12 A mode. Of course, some master modes may be used as TM 12 But these antennas are bulky after loading.
The inner circle radius and the outer circle radius of the radiator of the loop microstrip antenna are determined according to a first formula and a second formula described below.
A first formula:
Figure BDA0003097150610000061
a second formula:
Figure BDA0003097150610000062
wherein f 12 For the resonant frequency of the radiator, a is the inner radius of the radiator, b is the outer radius of the radiator, c is the speed of light, X 12 Is constant (known constant obtained by consulting books and literature), DK is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, N 1 As Bessel function of the first kind, J 1 As a bessel function of the second type.
That is, the size of each radiator is mainly determined according to its own resonant frequency and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
FIGS. 4-6 show a mode diagram HEM of a dielectric resonator at 28GHz 12 Among them, fig. 4 shows an electric field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28GHz, fig. 5 shows an electric field distribution diagram of the ZOX plane of the dielectric resonator at 28GHz, and fig. 6 shows a magnetic field distribution diagram of the XOY plane of the dielectric resonator at 28 GHz. The coordinate axis direction is referring to fig. 1, that is, the bottom surface of the cylindrical dielectric resonator is parallel to the XOY plane, and the height direction is parallel to the Z axis direction.
FIG. 7 shows the TM of two ring-shaped radiators 12 A schematic diagram showing an electric field distribution diagram of electromagnetic cross sections (XOY planes) of two radiators, and a coordinate axis direction is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 7, the electric field distribution of the radiator coincides with that of the dielectric resonator, thus enhancing radiation.
Fig. 8 is an electric field distribution diagram of the YOZ plane of the overall antenna structure, and the coordinate axis direction is referred to in fig. 1. It can be seen that the metal sleeve, the loop antenna and the metal cavity (i.e. the inner wall of the metal sleeve) form a new mode of operation, i.e. TM 11 A mode.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of an antenna structure before and after loading a loop microstrip antenna and a metal sleeve, and it can be seen from the figure that the antenna structure before loading the loop microstrip antenna and the metal sleeve only covers 27.5-28.5GHz, and the bandwidth of the antenna structure after loading two loop microstrip antennas increases (calculated by loss less than-10 dB), but from the overall S parameter curve, the S parameters deteriorate, and after adding the metal sleeve, the antenna structure can cover 24-30GHz, i.e., N257 frequency bands (26.5-29.5 GHz) of the 5G frequency band.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of gain curves of antenna structures before and after loading loop microstrip antennas and metal sleeves, and it can be seen from the diagram that after loading two loop microstrip antennas, the antenna gain is increased by more than 1dBi, and after adding the metal sleeve, the antenna gain is increased by more than 1 dBi.
The embodiment can enable the high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna to increase gain and bandwidth simultaneously, has small volume and low cost, and can be expanded to cylinder dielectric resonator antennas in any mode.
In summary, according to the high-gain broadband antenna structure and the electronic device provided by the invention, the dielectric resonator and the radiator are fed simultaneously in a slot coupling feeding mode, and the cylindrical dielectric resonator is excited by the feeding slot to excite a higher-order mode, so that the antenna gain is improved; the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be further enhanced by loading the radiator with the working mode identical to the main mode of the dielectric resonator, so that the gain is further improved; meanwhile, the resonance frequency of the loaded radiator is different from that of the dielectric resonator, so that the bandwidth can be increased; by adopting the circular radiator, the working mode which is the same as the main mode of the dielectric resonator can be excited without complex excitation conditions, and the volume and the cost are small; by arranging the metal sleeve, new resonance can be generated, the bandwidth is further increased, and the gain is improved. The invention can make the high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna increase gain and bandwidth at the same time, has small volume and low cost, and can be expanded to any mode cylinder dielectric resonator antenna.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes made by the specification and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect application in the relevant art, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The high-gain broadband antenna structure is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate, dielectric resonators and more than two radiators, and further comprising metal sleeves, wherein the number of the metal sleeves is one, the dielectric resonators, the radiators and the metal sleeves are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the dielectric resonators and the more than two radiators are positioned in the metal sleeves, the dielectric resonators are cylindrical, and the radiators are circular; the main mode of the working mode of the dielectric resonator is the same as the working modes of the more than two radiators; the dielectric resonator has a different resonant frequency from each radiator; the radius of the bottom surface of the dielectric resonator is 3mm, the height is 3mm, and the dielectric constant is 21.
2. The high-gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator and the resonant frequency of each radiator are ordered according to size, and adjacent two resonant frequencies differ by 1GHz.
3. The high-gain broadband antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the inner radius and the outer radius of the radiator are determined according to a first formula and a second formula,
the first formula is
Figure QLYQS_1
The second formula is
Figure QLYQS_2
f 12 A is the inner radius of the radiator, b is the outer radius of the radiator, c is the speed of light, X 12 Is constant, DK is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, N 1 As Bessel function of the first kind, J 1 As a bessel function of the second type.
4. The high gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the metal sleeve has a diameter λ/2 and a height λ/4, λ being a wavelength corresponding to a resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator.
5. The high gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1 wherein the dielectric resonator, each radiator and metal sleeve are concentric.
6. The high gain broadband antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first dielectric layer, a ground layer, and a second dielectric layer stacked in sequence, the dielectric resonator, radiator, and metal sleeve being disposed on the first dielectric layer; and a feed gap is formed in the grounding layer, and the projection of the dielectric resonator on the grounding layer covers the feed gap.
7. The high gain wideband antenna structure of claim 6, further comprising a microstrip line disposed on a side of the second dielectric layer remote from the ground layer, the microstrip line being coupled with the feed slot.
8. The high gain wideband antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the radiator is a radiating patch.
9. An electronic device comprising a high gain broadband antenna structure according to any of claims 1-8.
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