CN113425458B - 一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体 - Google Patents

一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体 Download PDF

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CN113425458B
CN113425458B CN202110719765.0A CN202110719765A CN113425458B CN 113425458 B CN113425458 B CN 113425458B CN 202110719765 A CN202110719765 A CN 202110719765A CN 113425458 B CN113425458 B CN 113425458B
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李涛
余彬彬
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Wenzhou Research Institute Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Wenzhou Institute Of Biomaterials And Engineering
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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，所述人工晶状体包括：前光学透镜、后光学透镜、赤道面和光学袢；前光学透镜与后光学透镜通过赤道面连接，光学袢与赤道面连接，在赤道面上设置超构表面结构；超构表面结构包括多个具有平面轴锥透镜的相位分布的纳米结构单元。本发明基于传统人工晶状体的双凸透镜结构生成高斯光束，再通过超构表面结构的几何相位加载平面轴锥透镜的相位分布从而生成贝塞尔‑高斯光束，在自由空间中传播时，光束横截面并不随着传播距离而改变，这就决定了贝塞尔‑高斯光束在一定传播距离内，保持了相对一致的焦平面，从而实现了长焦深、屈光可调以及消色差的特点。

Description

一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体
技术领域
本发明涉及眼科医疗设备领域，特别是涉及一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体。
背景技术
视觉系统是人类生命体构成的重要组成部分，其视觉成像原理是被反射的物体以光的形式通过瞳孔传递给形状可变、位置可调节的晶状体，经透射倒立成像后映射到中心视网膜上，并被视觉神经所接受而形成视觉影像。其中，晶状体的屈光调节受制于睫状肌，而视网膜成像的清晰度又受制于晶状体的透明程度。晶状体是由蛋白质等构成的，随着人类年龄增长或其他外部因素，容易引发蛋白质的变形、混浊，使得原有高度透明的晶状体的透光性降低，屈光能力下降，即形成白内障，甚至导致失明。
对于显著影响视力的白内障，当前最普遍的治疗手段是白内障手术(cataractsurgery)，即通过超声乳化吸除术移除已经变形混浊的晶状体，并植入人工晶状体(Intraocular Lens，IOL)作为替代。IOL在解剖位置上取代了自然眼晶状体的功能，通过植入术的施行可以使患者接近正常视力水平。然而，已投入临床应用的IOL仍然存在术后调节力不足，调节功能随时间的延长而下降，且不具有普遍适用性，无法较好消除色差，不具备较长焦深等问题。基于在临床应用方面所遇到的问题和困难，如何开发一种具有生命特性的人工晶状体迫在眉睫，这类新型人工晶状体不仅需要满足当前产品基本功能外，还需要实现屈光可调、消色差以及大焦深等特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，以实现长焦深、屈光可调以及消色差等功能。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，所述人工晶状体包括：
前光学透镜、后光学透镜、赤道面和光学袢；所述前光学透镜与所述后光学透镜通过所述赤道面连接，所述光学袢与所述赤道面连接，在所述赤道面上设置超构表面结构；所述超构表面结构包括多个具有平面轴锥透镜的相位分布的纳米结构单元。
可选地，所述超构表面结构中各所述纳米结构单元按照
Figure BDA0003136529640000021
进行分布，其中，α为纳米结构单元的旋转角，
Figure BDA0003136529640000022
为平面轴锥透镜的相位分布，*为乘号。
可选地，所述平面轴锥透镜的相位分布公式为：
Figure BDA0003136529640000023
其中，
Figure BDA0003136529640000024
为平面轴锥透镜的相位分布，x、y分别为以平面轴锥透镜中心为原点的二维坐标系的位置坐标，λ为入射波长，f为超构表面结构最大口径R处对应的焦距，为静态屈光的光焦度+58.64D下的焦距，β为超构表面结构对应的最大角度。
可选地，所述纳米结构单位的结构尺寸由入射波长决定。
可选地，当入射波长λ＝600nm时，所述纳米结构单位的高度H为300nm，宽度W为110nm，长度L为310nm，晶格常数d为470nm。
可选地，所述超构表面结构包括212345780个所述纳米结构单元，共计排布2660环。
可选地，所述纳米结构单元的材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
可选地，所述纳米结构单元的折射率在[1.46，1.49]可见光范围内。
可选地，所述超构表面结构的厚度为300nm。
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：
本发明公开一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，将标准眼静态屈光的光焦度+58.64D下的人眼晶状体所呈现的三维表面轮廓参数作为人工晶状体的三维表面轮廓模型设计标准，在人工晶状体赤道面上对超构表面设计超构表面结构，基于传统人工晶状体的双凸透镜结构生成高斯光束，再通过超构表面结构的几何相位加载平面轴锥透镜的相位分布从而生成贝塞尔-高斯光束，在自由空间中传播时，光束横截面并不随着传播距离而改变，这就决定了贝塞尔-高斯光束在一定传播距离内，保持了相对一致的焦平面，从而实现了长焦深、屈光可调以及消色差的特点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明基于超构表面的人工晶状体结构主视图；
图2为本发明基于超构表面的人工晶状体结构侧视图；
图3为本发明超构表面结构中的纳米结构单位示意图；
图4为本发明利用轴锥透镜产生贝塞尔光束光路图；
符号说明：
1、赤道面，2、超构表面结构，3、光学袢，4前光学透镜，5、后光学透镜。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，以实现长焦深、屈光可调以及消色差等功能。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
近年来，纳米技术的进步使人们可以在原子层面上操纵材料，从而为新型光学材料的发展带来了曙光。1999年，由美国德州大学的Rodger M.Walser教授提出超构材料的概念(metamaterial)。这是一类由具有特定电磁特性的亚波长人工微结构(人工原子)按一定的排列方式构建而成的三维人工复合材料，展现出了对电磁波的强大调控能力，实现了自然材料无法企及的物理现象和功能，通过结构调整，超构材料原则上可以设计出任意介电常数和磁导率，因此产生了许多天然材料无法实现的波操纵效果。但作为一种3D结构，超构材料的设计还是过于复杂，光学材料应该还可以更薄，更高效。于是，超构表面(metasurface)的概念应运而生。简单来说，超构表面可以看作是超构材料的2D版本，由平面亚原子构造而成，这些原子以特定的顺序有目的地选择电磁响应，并利用结构表面上的突变相变来传输或反射波，因此本发明采用当前光学领域最为先进的超构表面技术构建了一种可以实现无极变焦下，具有长焦深和消色差功能的新型人工晶状体。
如图1-图2所示，本发明公开一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，所述人工晶状体包括：前光学透镜、后光学透镜、赤道面和光学袢；所述前光学透镜与所述后光学透镜通过所述赤道面连接，所述光学袢与所述赤道面连接，在所述赤道面上设置超构表面结构；所述超构表面结构包括多个具有平面轴锥透镜的相位分布的纳米结构单元。本发明通过超构表面结构设计将不同位置的平面轴锥透镜的相位分布附加在超构表面结构的纳米结构单元上，从而生成贝塞尔-高斯光束，在自由空间中传播时，光束横截面并不随着传播距离而改变，这就决定了贝塞尔-高斯光束在一定传播距离内，保持了相对一致的焦平面，从而实现了长焦深、屈光可调以及消色差的特点。
作为一种可选的实施方式，本发明所述超构表面结构中各所述纳米结构单元按照
Figure BDA0003136529640000041
进行分布，其中，α为纳米结构单元的旋转角，
Figure BDA0003136529640000042
为平面轴锥透镜的相位分布，*为乘号。
本实施例中，所述平面轴锥透镜的相位分布公式为：
Figure BDA0003136529640000043
其中，
Figure BDA0003136529640000044
为平面轴锥透镜的相位分布，x、y分别为以平面轴锥透镜中心为原点的二维坐标系的位置坐标，λ为入射波长，f为超构表面结构最大口径R处对应的焦距，为静态屈光的光焦度+58.64D下的焦距，即f＝17.053mm，β为超构表面结构对应的最大角度，即R＝2.5mm，β＝tan-1(2.5/17.053)＝8.34°。
作为一种可选的实施方式，本发明所述纳米结构单位的结构尺寸由入射波长决定。本实施例中，以入射波长λ＝600nm为例，所述纳米结构单位的高度H为300nm，宽度W为110nm，长度L为310nm，晶格常数d为470nm，如图3所示。
作为一种可选的实施方式，本发明所述纳米结构单元的材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，简称PMMA)；所述纳米结构单元的折射率在[1.46，1.49]可见光范围内。
在传统人工晶状体的赤道面上，采用光刻或者纳米压印等技术构建超构表面结构的纳米结构单元，并按照相位与纳米结构单位旋转角之间公式(即
Figure BDA0003136529640000051
)进行有序排列，在本次实例中，所述超构表面结构共计排布2660环，共设计212345780个所述纳米结构单元，其正视示意分布图如图1所示，由于其特征尺寸过小，在与人工晶状体等宏观事物进行比较时，并不能合理显示其特征结构细节，因此本发明将所设计的超构表面结构进行局部放大133倍处理。
本实施例中，如图2所示，所述赤道面的前后均为传统人工晶状体非球面设计的光学透镜面，且在赤道面上设置一层厚为300nm的超构表面结构。
本发明公开的一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，将标准眼静态屈光的光焦度+58.64D下的人眼晶状体所呈现的三维表面轮廓参数作为人工晶状体的三维表面轮廓模型设计的标准。在此基础上，在人工晶状体赤道面上，对超构表面进行设计，区别于传统人工晶状体通过双凸透镜生成高斯光束，再通过超构表面结构的几何相位加载平面轴锥透镜的相位分布从而生成贝塞尔-高斯光束，光束横截面并不随着传播距离而改变，这就决定了贝塞尔-高斯光束在一定传播距离内，保持了相对一致的焦平面，从而实现了长焦深、屈光可调以及消色差的特点，如图4所示。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，所述人工晶状体包括：
前光学透镜、后光学透镜、赤道面和光学袢；所述前光学透镜与所述后光学透镜通过所述赤道面连接，所述光学袢与所述赤道面连接，在所述赤道面上设置超构表面结构；所述超构表面结构包括多个具有平面轴锥透镜的相位分布的纳米结构单元；
所述超构表面结构中各所述纳米结构单元按照
Figure FDA0003354275430000011
进行分布，其中，α为纳米结构单元的旋转角，
Figure FDA0003354275430000012
为平面轴锥透镜的相位分布，*为乘号；
所述平面轴锥透镜的相位分布公式为：
Figure FDA0003354275430000013
其中，
Figure FDA0003354275430000014
为平面轴锥透镜的相位分布，x、y分别为以平面轴锥透镜中心为原点的二维坐标系的位置坐标，λ为入射波长，f为超构表面结构最大口径R处对应的焦距，为静态屈光的光焦度+58.64D下的焦距，β为超构表面结构对应的最大角度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，所述纳米结构单元的结构尺寸由入射波长决定。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，当入射波长λ＝600nm时，所述纳米结构单元的高度H为300nm，宽度W为110nm，长度L为310nm，晶格常数d为470nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，所述超构表面结构包括212345780个所述纳米结构单元，共计排布2660环。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，所述纳米结构单元的材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，所述纳米结构单元的折射率在[1.46,1.49]可见光范围内。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于超构表面的人工晶状体，其特征在于，所述超构表面结构的厚度为300nm。
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