CN113424840A - Spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent, and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent, and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113424840A CN113424840A CN202110831517.5A CN202110831517A CN113424840A CN 113424840 A CN113424840 A CN 113424840A CN 202110831517 A CN202110831517 A CN 202110831517A CN 113424840 A CN113424840 A CN 113424840A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The plant-derived repellent for the adult Spodoptera frugiperda comprises a cortex periplocae extract, plant volatile matters in the cortex periplocae extract contain highly specific organic chemical substances, influence is generated on behavior activities such as searching hosts and positioning and spawning of insects, and the plant-derived repellent has a positive effect on comprehensive prevention and control of field pests. Experiments prove that the plant-derived repellent for the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes not only has an obvious inhibiting effect on the mating behavior and the egg-laying capacity of the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes, but also has an obvious repelling effect on egg-laying products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent, in particular to a spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent, a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
Spodoptera frugiperda (Spodoptera frugiperda), also known as fall armyworm, belongs to the Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) Noctuidae (Noctuidae) Spodoptera genus (Spodoptera), and is a polyphagic, long-range migratory, major pest from the american region. Currently, there are hazards in north america, south america, europe, africa, asia, and oceania, and large areas of habitability.
The Spodoptera frugiperda invades Yunnan Pu' er in China from 1 month to 11 months in 2019, and invades 26 provinces (districts and cities) and 1538 counties (districts and cities) in China from 10 months to 8 days in 2019. The spodoptera frugiperda has very strong adaptability, and as long as 10 months in 2019, the spodoptera frugiperda has a harm area of 106.5 kilohm on corns in China2. In addition, researches find that gramineous grain crops such as sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, millet and rice and non-gramineous crops such as peanut, ginger, potato, rape, hot pepper and soybean also have eating harm of spodoptera frugiperda, even have harm to some gramineous weeds such as crab grass and eleusine indica, and seriously threaten the food safety and ecological safety of China.
In recent decades, control of spodoptera frugiperda has relied primarily on chemical control. However, with the long-term use of chemical pesticides, Spodoptera frugiperda has developed resistance to a variety of pesticides. By 2017, Spodoptera frugiperda in America developed resistance to at least 29 insecticides, mainly including carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F insecticidal proteins. The harm to natural enemies, human and livestock, the threat to food safety and the environmental pollution are gradually serious due to the excessive use of chemical pesticides, which neither accords with the development strategy of national agriculture quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, nor is beneficial to the green and high-quality development of agriculture.
With the increasing awareness of human food safety and environmental protection, biological pesticides gradually enter the visual field of people, and plant-derived repellents are one of the preferred green pesticides among a plurality of novel pesticides as important components. At present, plant-derived repellents are mainly used in mosquito repellent products for human use, but are not applied to agricultural pests.
How to provide a plant source evasion agent for effectively preventing and controlling spodoptera frugiperda, which replaces chemical insecticides, avoids the generation of human and animal hazards, food safety and environmental pollution, and realizes green and high-quality development of agriculture is a problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a spodoptera frugiperda imago plant source repellent, a preparation method and an application method thereof aiming at the problems of human and animal harm, food safety and environmental pollution easily caused by traditional chemical control of spodoptera frugiperda.
The invention provides a spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent which comprises a cortex periplocae extract and an auxiliary agent.
In one embodiment thereof, the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract is an ethanol extract of cortex Periplocae Radicis.
In one embodiment, the adjuvant comprises a solvent and an emulsifier.
In one embodiment thereof, the solvent is water and/or ethanol.
In one embodiment, the emulsifier is tween-20.
In one embodiment, the concentration of the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract in the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent is 0.5 mg/mL-7.5 mg/mL.
In one embodiment, the concentration of the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract in the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent is 0.8 mg/mL-7.2 mg/mL.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent, which comprises the following steps:
providing a cortex Periplocae Radicis extract;
providing an auxiliary agent;
mixing the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract with the adjuvant.
In one embodiment, the preparation method of the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract is as follows:
providing a dry powder of cortex Periplocae Radicis;
providing an extractant;
mixing the cortex periplocae dry powder with the extractant according to a plastid ratio of (1:4) - (1:6), soaking and extracting for 12-18 h to prepare cortex periplocae extracting solution;
evaporating and concentrating the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract to obtain cortex Periplocae Radicis extract.
The invention also provides an application method of the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent, which is characterized in that the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent is sprayed on the surface of a plant, or the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent is placed in a container for volatilizing the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent.
The plant-derived repellent for the spodoptera frugiperda adults contains the cortex periplocae extract, plant volatile matters in the cortex periplocae extract contain highly specific organic chemical substances, influence is generated on behavior activities such as searching hosts and positioning spawning of insects, and the plant-derived repellent has a positive effect on comprehensive prevention and control of field pests. Experiments prove that the plant-derived repellent for the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes not only has an obvious inhibiting effect on the mating behavior and the egg-laying capacity of the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes, but also has an obvious repelling effect on egg-laying products.
The preparation method of the spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent is simple, convenient and easy to implement, simple in process and low in cost; the application method is simple and convenient, does not need special devices, and has obvious repellent effect on Spodoptera frugiperda.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the repelling effect of adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent with different concentrations of the repellent selected for egg production of Spodoptera frugiperda.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that the method described in the embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and that the simple modification of the present invention based on the concept of the present invention is within the scope of the claimed invention.
The invention provides a spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent which comprises a cortex periplocae extract and an auxiliary agent.
Preferably, the cortex periplocae extract is the cortex periplocae ethanol extract, namely the cortex periplocae extract is obtained by extracting the cortex periplocae with ethanol, the ethanol belongs to low-toxicity alcohols, is easy to biodegrade, has little pollution to the environment, and is low-toxicity, harmless and low in cost when being used for extracting the cortex periplocae. In other embodiments, the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract can be extracted with other safe and nontoxic organic solvents, such as dichloromethane, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, etc.
Among them, it is preferable that the auxiliary agent includes a solvent and an emulsifier. In the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent, the Periploca frugiperda peel extract is dissolved in the Spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent through a solvent, and the solution is further kept in a micro-emulsion state through an emulsifier and has uniform concentration, so that the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent can be uniformly sprayed or volatilized conveniently.
Further optionally, the solvent used to dissolve the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract is water and/or ethanol. When the cortex periplocae extract is dissolved by using a solvent, the solvent can be selected to dissolve the cortex periplocae extract according to the specific application scene and the type of the extract. For example, the ethanol extract of cortex Periplocae Radicis may be dissolved with ethanol alone, the ethanol extract of cortex Periplocae Radicis may be dissolved with water alone, or the ethanol extract of cortex Periplocae Radicis may be dissolved with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water at the same time.
As an optional embodiment, in the auxiliary agent of the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent, Tween-20 is selected as an emulsifier.
As a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract in the Spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent is 0.5 mg/mL-7.5 mg/mL. Further preferably, the concentration of the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract in the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent is 0.8 mg/mL-7.2 mg/mL. Even more preferably, the concentration of the Periploca species bark extract in the Spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent is 0.8mg/mL, 2.4mg/mL, or 7.2 mg/mL.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent, which comprises the following steps:
providing a cortex Periplocae Radicis extract;
providing an auxiliary agent;
mixing the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract with the adjuvant.
The preparation method of the plant-derived repellent for the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes is simple, convenient and easy to implement, simple in process, low in cost and convenient for large-scale popularization and application.
As an alternative embodiment, the preparation method of the cortex periplocae extract is as follows:
providing a dry powder of cortex Periplocae Radicis;
providing an extraction solvent;
mixing the dry powder of cortex Periplocae Radicis with an extraction solvent according to a plastid ratio of (1:4) - (1:6), soaking and extracting for 12-18 h to obtain cortex Periplocae Radicis extract;
evaporating and concentrating the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract to obtain cortex Periplocae Radicis extract.
Among them, preferably, the extraction solvent is ethanol.
The invention also provides an application method of the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent, which is to spray the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent on the surface of a plant, or place the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent in a container for volatilizing the spodoptera frugiperda adult plant-derived repellent.
The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent is directly sprayed on the surface of a plant, and belongs to a conventional pesticide application method, the method is simple and convenient, a special device does not need to be purchased, and the repellent effect on the Spodoptera frugiperda is obvious. Placing the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant source repellent into a container which can be used for volatilizing the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant source repellent, for example, placing the container into a conventional insect aromatherapy bottle, utilizing volatilization of the repellent to repel the adult Spodoptera frugiperda, influencing mating behavior and oviposition behavior of the adult Spodoptera frugiperda, and achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling Spodoptera frugiperda.
Preferably, the spodoptera frugiperda imago plant-derived repellent can be applied to corn fields, and can also be applied to control of spodoptera frugiperda of gramineous grain crops such as sugarcane, sorghum, wheat, millet and rice and non-gramineous crops such as peanut, ginger, potato, rape, hot pepper and soybean.
The oviposition selectivity of Spodoptera frugiperda to corn leaves and corn leaves + Periploca fragrans ethanol extract is compared through a cage test, the influence of different diluents of the Periploca frugiperda ethanol extract on the mating and oviposition behaviors of Spodoptera frugiperda is analyzed, the fact that the Periploca frugiperda ethanol extract has good repellent activity on the oviposition selection of the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes is verified, and meanwhile, the Periploca frugiperda ethanol extract has a good interference inhibition effect on the mating behaviors of the Spodoptera frugiperda. Therefore, the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent containing the cortex periplocae extract can be used for Spodoptera frugiperda monitoring, prevention and control work, so that green and safe sustainable control on Spodoptera frugiperda is realized.
Experimental reagent and instrument
Experimental reagent: the Chinese herbal medicine Xiangpi is purchased from Shanxi Jingcheng pharmaceutical industry Co., Ltd, and ethanol (analytically pure) and Tween-20 are purchased from chemical reagent Co., Ltd of the national medicine group.
An experimental instrument: microscope (Olympus SZX 7-1093).
Experimental plants: the corn variety is handan 777, and is cultivated in a flowerpot in a laboratory for later use, and is reserved when the corn grows to 3-4 leaves.
Preparation method of cortex Periplocae Radicis ethanol extract
Pulverizing the dried cortex Periplocae Radicis with a pulverizer, sieving with 40 mesh sieve to obtain dry powder, packaging into a sealed bag, and storing in a dryer for use. During extraction, dry powder of cortex Periplocae Radicis is weighed, wrapped with filter paper, put into a Soxhlet extractor, added with absolute ethanol (analytically pure) according to the plastid ratio of 1:5, and repeatedly soaked for 15 days. After filtration through filter paper, the supernatant was transferred to a rotary evaporator. Evaporation concentration conditions: the temperature of the water bath pot is set to be 35-40 ℃, the temperature of the condensing device is-6 ℃, and the rotating speed is 50 rpm. Continuing concentrating for 15min after the rotary evaporator does not evaporate alcohol, placing the concentrated paste extract into brown glass bottle, labeling, and storing in refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.
Before the test is started, 40mg, 120mg and 360mg of cortex Periplocae Radicis ethanol extracts are respectively weighed, dissolved by 5mL of ethanol, and fixed to the volume of 50mL by water, 0.5% of Tween-20 is added to prepare microemulsion of the cortex Periplocae Radicis ethanol extracts with different concentrations, and ethanol diluent with the same amount is used as a reference for standby.
Experiment for influence of Periploca Calophylla L.var.Spreng ethanol extract microemulsion on reproduction behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda adults
6 pairs of male and female spodoptera frugiperda adults emerging on the same day are selected and put into an insect cage (50cm multiplied by 50cm) with 3 pots of corn seedlings with strong growth vigor and consistent height. 10% of honey water is placed in the cage for the spodoptera frugiperda imagoes to eat. During the test period, the prepared cortex periplocae ethanol extract microemulsion is uniformly sprayed on corn seedlings at 4 pm every day and placed in different insect-breeding rooms. The conditions are consistent among all insect rearing rooms, and the environment setting is respectively as follows: temperature (25 +/-1) DEG C, humidity (75 +/-5)%, light cycle 12 h: and (4) 12 h. Each of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract treatments and controls were repeated 5 times.
The influence of different concentration treatment of the cortex Periplocae Radicis ethanol extract microemulsion on the reproduction behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda is investigated in the morning every day, and the egg laying position and the egg laying amount are counted until all adults die. And after the female adults die, dissecting ovaries of the female adults by using a microscope, and counting the number of spermatic sacs of each female adult and the amount of ova in the ovaries (dissected ova). Analyzing the inhibition effect of the ethanol extract of the cortex periplocae on the mating and egg-laying abilities of spodoptera frugiperda and the repellent effect on egg-laying stations of the spodoptera frugiperda in different treatment concentrations. The oviposition inhibition rate of the ethanol extract of cortex Periplocae Radicis at different concentrations was calculated according to formula (1).
The effect of different concentrations of the microemulsion of the Periploca frutescens ethanol extract on the mating behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda adults is shown in Table 1. From the table 1, it can be found that the micro-emulsions of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract with different concentrations have a good inhibitory effect on the mating behavior of the spodoptera frugiperda adults, wherein when the dilution concentration of the micro-emulsions of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract is 0.8mg/mL, the number of spermatic packages in the bodies of the spodoptera frugiperda females treated by the micro-emulsions of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract is the least, and the effect of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract on the mating behavior of the spodoptera frugiperda is obvious under the concentration.
TABLE 1 inhibitory Effect of ethanol extracts of Periploca Calophylla on mating behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda
Note: the data in the table are mean values ± sd, and the difference between different lower case letters in the same column indicates that the difference between different treatments is significant at a level of P < 0.05 by Duncan's new double-pole difference test.
The effect of varying concentrations of the microemulsion of the Periploca species ethanol extract on the egg laying ability of Spodoptera frugiperda is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the Periploca exigua ethanol extract microemulsion has a significant oviposition inhibition effect on Spodoptera frugiperda adults. In a non-selective oviposition avoidance experiment, the amount of eggs dropped by the microemulsion of the solution of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract of 2.4mg/mL and 7.2mg/mL has significant difference with the amount of eggs dropped by the control treatment, which indicates that the microemulsion of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract has significant inhibition effect on the oviposition of the spodoptera frugiperda imagoes; the treatment of the solution of the ethanol extract of cortex Periplocae Radicis with different concentrations has no significant influence on the amount of dissected eggs. From the oviposition inhibition rate, the oviposition inhibition rates of 0.8mg/mL, 2.4mg/mL and 7.2mg/mL of the solutions of the cortex Periplocae Radicis ethanol extract were 22.51 + -10.38%, 30.91 + -8.03% and 37.44 + -3.29%, respectively. The oviposition inhibition rate of the cortex periplocae shows rising trend along with the increase of the treatment concentration of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract, but the difference between treatments is not obvious.
TABLE 2 inhibitory Effect of various dilutions of Periploca Calophylla ethanol extract on egg laying ability of Spodoptera frugiperda
Note: the data in the table are mean values ± sd, and the difference between different lower case letters in the same column indicates that the difference between different treatments is significant at a level of P < 0.05 by Duncan's new double-pole difference test.
The repelling effect of the caragana frugiperda ethanol extract microemulsion on egg laying selection of the caragana frugiperda is shown in figure 1, and it can be found from figure 1 that the caragana frugiperda ethanol extract microemulsion has a remarkable repelling effect on egg laying selection of the adult spodoptera frugiperda. Compared with a control group and the diluent of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract for treatment at 0.8mg/mL, the amount of the dropped eggs of the corns sprayed with the diluents of the cortex periplocae ethanol extract at the concentrations of 2.4mg/mL and 7.2mg/mL only accounts for 30.98% and 36.03%, and the difference is obvious. The result shows that the diluting solution of the ethanol extract of the cortex Periplocae Radicis with the concentration of 2.4mg/mL and 7.2mg/mL has obvious aversive effect on egg laying selection of the Spodoptera frugiperda imagoes.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The plant-derived repellent for the imagoes of Spodoptera frugiperda is characterized by comprising a Periploca frugiperda extract and an auxiliary agent.
2. The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent according to claim 1, wherein the Periploca frugiperda extract is an ethanol extract of Periploca frugiperda.
3. The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent according to claim 1, wherein said adjuvant comprises a solvent and an emulsifier.
4. The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent according to claim 3, wherein said solvent is water and/or ethanol.
5. The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent according to claim 4, wherein said emulsifier is Tween-20.
6. The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the concentration of the Periploca frugiperda extract in the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent is 0.5mg/mL to 7.5 mg/mL.
7. The adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of the Periploca frugiperda bark extract in the adult Spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent is 0.8 mg/mL-7.2 mg/mL.
8. A method of producing a repellent derived from an adult spodoptera frugiperda plant as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
providing a cortex Periplocae Radicis extract;
providing an auxiliary agent;
mixing the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract with the adjuvant.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract is prepared by the following method:
providing a dry powder of cortex Periplocae Radicis;
providing an extractant;
mixing the cortex periplocae dry powder with the extractant according to a plastid ratio of (1:4) - (1:6), soaking and extracting for 12-18 h to prepare cortex periplocae extracting solution;
evaporating and concentrating the cortex Periplocae Radicis extract to obtain cortex Periplocae Radicis extract.
10. A method of using an adult spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein said adult spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent is sprayed onto the surface of a plant or said adult spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent is placed in a container in which said adult spodoptera frugiperda plant-derived repellent is volatilised.
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