CN113418831B - Resistivity tomography-based landslide revival simulation device and method - Google Patents
Resistivity tomography-based landslide revival simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster simulation, and discloses a device and a method for simulating ancient landslide revival based on a resistivity tomography method, wherein the device comprises: a model box; the model comprises an ancient landslide model, a sliding bed, a sliding belt and a sliding body, wherein the ancient landslide model comprises a base, the sliding bed, the sliding belt and the sliding body, the base is fixedly connected with the inner wall of a model box, an inclined plane is formed at the top of the base, the sliding bed is installed on the inclined plane, the sliding belt is laid on the sliding bed, the sliding body is laid on the sliding belt, and a plurality of displacement sensors, soil pressure sensors, pore water pressure sensors and soil moisture sensors are embedded in the sliding body; an artificial rainfall system; a resistivity imaging system comprising a resistivity measurement device, a plurality of electrodes, and an insulating plate; a camera system; and a data processing system. The ancient landslide revival simulation device and method based on the resistivity tomography method can better monitor the water migration and seepage rules in the landslide revival process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster simulation, in particular to a device and a method for simulating ancient landslide revival based on a resistivity tomography method.
Background
Ancient landslides are the product of long-term evolution of slopes, the gentle terrain that they form often being an important place for human activities. With the increasing of human engineering activities and extreme weather in recent years, casualties and economic losses caused by ancient landslide resurgence disasters are increasingly serious. Rainfall is an important factor causing ancient landslide resurgence, the probability of landslide instability is calculated by the intensity of the rainfall, however, how the rainfall permeates into the landslide is often ignored, and the understanding of the permeation evolution rule of water in the landslide forming process has important significance for understanding the landslide cause mechanism and landslide prevention and control.
An indoor landslide physical model test is an important method for revealing a mechanism and a general rule of ancient landslide reactivation caused by rainfall action, in the conventional landslide physical model test, methods such as sensor measurement, sampling analysis and the like are generally adopted to detect a seepage rule of rainwater in a sliding body, but the methods are all point-like monitoring, the monitoring result is influenced by the arrangement position and quantity, even important index changes in the landslide destruction process can be missed, the monitoring range is limited on the whole, the result discreteness is large, the reliability is poor, the three-dimensional, nondestructive and real-time measurement requirements cannot be met, and the understanding of the rainwater seepage change process of the ancient landslide reactivation under the rainfall condition is severely restricted.
The resistivity tomography method provides a new solution for the requirements of three-dimensional, nondestructive and real-time measurement in the landslide physical model test. The resistivity tomography method for detecting the seepage rule of the underground water in the soil is well applied to the aspects of underground water pollution remediation and the like, but is less applied to the field of geological disasters. Therefore, a set of paleo-landslide revival process simulation device and method suitable for an indoor physical model test is developed based on a resistivity tomography method, is used for monitoring the water migration and seepage rules in the landslide revival process, and has important significance for researching the paleo-landslide revival mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ancient landslide revival simulation device and method based on a resistivity tomography method, so that the ancient landslide revival simulation device and method can better monitor the water migration and seepage rules in the landslide revival process.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a resistivity tomography-based paleo-landslide revival simulation apparatus, comprising:
the top of the model box is arranged in an open manner;
the model comprises a model box, an ancient landslide model and a sliding body, wherein the ancient landslide model is arranged in the model box and comprises a base, a sliding bed, a sliding belt and a sliding body, the base is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the model box, an inclined plane is formed at the top of the base, the sliding bed is installed on the inclined plane, the sliding belt is laid on the sliding bed, the sliding body is laid on the sliding belt, and a plurality of displacement sensors, soil pressure sensors, pore water pressure sensors and soil moisture sensors are embedded in the sliding body;
the artificial rainfall system is used for carrying out rainfall operation on the ancient landslide model;
the resistivity imaging system comprises a resistivity measuring device, a plurality of electrodes and an insulating plate, wherein the electrodes are arranged at the bottom of the sliding bed at intervals;
the camera system is used for shooting and recording the revival deformation damage process of the ancient landslide model in real time;
and the data processing system is electrically connected with the displacement sensor, the soil pressure sensor, the pore water pressure sensor, the soil moisture sensor and the resistivity imaging system.
Further, the model box includes bottom plate and box skeleton, a plurality of truckles of taking brake function are installed to the bottom of bottom plate, the box skeleton is fixed to be set up on the bottom plate, install polylith toughened glass on the box skeleton, first flowmeter is installed to one side of the bottom of box skeleton, first flowmeter is close to the lower extreme on inclined plane, first flowmeter with the data processing system electricity is connected.
Further, the base is built by bricks and cement.
Further, the sliding belt and the sliding body are both made of remolded soil, the maximum particle size of the sliding belt is 5mm, and the maximum particle size of the sliding body is 1 cm;
the sliding belt and the sliding body are manufactured in a layered mode, after one layer is laid, the surface of the sliding belt and the surface of the sliding body are hammered and planed, and then the next layer is laid.
Further, the rainfall simulation system includes storage water tank, suction pump, first pipeline, second pipeline and controller, the storage water tank with the suction pump all sets up the outside of mold box, the first end of first pipeline with the inside intercommunication of storage water tank, the other end of first pipeline with the water inlet intercommunication of suction pump, the first end of second pipeline with the delivery port intercommunication of suction pump, the second end of second pipeline extends to directly over the mold box, a plurality of nozzles are installed at the interval on the second pipeline, the controller is with a plurality of the nozzle electricity is connected.
Further, a second flowmeter is mounted on the first pipeline and electrically connected with the data processing system.
Further, the electrode is made of an aluminum alloy material, a cotton swab is inserted into the electrode after the electrode is empty, and the resistivity imaging system further comprises an insulating plate which is installed on the inclined surface to separate the base from the electrode.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for simulating ancient landslide revival based on resistivity tomography, comprising the steps of:
building an ancient landslide model in the model box;
carrying out artificial rainfall on the ancient landslide model through an artificial rainfall system;
monitoring and recording the resistivity values of the sliding body in different time periods by adopting electrodes to obtain the characteristic that the resistivity value of the sliding body changes along with the rainfall time;
acquiring pore water pressure, soil humidity, soil body pressure and slope surface displacement values in a slide body in a rainfall process through a pore water pressure sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a soil pressure sensor and a displacement sensor;
and shooting and recording the revival deformation damage process of the ancient landslide model in real time through a camera system.
Has the beneficial effects that: according to the paleo-landslide resurrection simulation device and method based on the resistivity tomography, the resistivity values of the sliding body in different time periods are monitored and recorded by the electrodes, so that the change characteristic of the resistivity value of the sliding body along with the rainfall time is obtained, the seepage process of rainwater in the sliding body is indirectly reflected, the full-time-series three-dimensional monitoring of the seepage process of the landslide under the rainfall condition is realized, and the monitoring result can be verified through sensor data. Because the electrodes are arranged at the bottom of the slide bed in advance, the electrodes are not influenced by landslide deformation, have good stability, no damage to a slide body and high measurement precision, have a three-dimensional imaging function, and overcome the defects that a sensor can only monitor results in a point shape and has high discreteness. Therefore, the invention can better monitor the water migration and seepage rules in the landslide revival process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a box framework;
FIG. 4 is a cloud graph of changes in the resistivity value of a slider after 1 hour of rainfall;
FIG. 5 is a cloud graph of changes in the resistivity value of a slider after 2 hours of rainfall;
FIG. 6 is a cloud graph of changes in the resistivity value of a slider after 3 hours of rainfall;
FIG. 7 is a cloud graph of changes in the resistivity value of a slider after 4 hours of rainfall;
FIG. 8 is a cloud graph of changes in the resistivity value of a slider after 5 hours of rainfall;
FIG. 9 is a cloud graph of changes in the resistivity value of a slider after 6 hours of rainfall;
FIG. 10 is a graph of water content of a slider as a function of time;
fig. 11 is a graph of pore water pressure of a slider as a function of time.
In the figure: 10-model box, 11-bottom plate, 12-box body skeleton, 13-truckle, 14-toughened glass, 15-first flowmeter, 16-horizontal rod, 17-vertical rod, 18-diagonal rod, 20-ancient landslide model, 21-base, 211-inclined plane, 22-slide bed, 23-slide belt, 24-slide body, 25-displacement sensor, 26-soil pressure sensor, 27-pore water pressure sensor, 28-soil moisture sensor, 29-sensor data collector, 30-artificial rainfall system, 31-water storage tank, 32-water pump, 33-first pipeline, 34-second pipeline, 35-controller, 36-nozzle, 37-waterproof cable, 38-second flowmeter, 38-caster, 14-toughened glass, 33-first flowmeter, 16-horizontal rod, 17-vertical rod, 18-inclined rod, 20-ancient landslide model, 21-base, 211-inclined plane, 22-slide bed, 23-slide belt, 24-slide body, 25-displacement sensor, 26-soil pressure sensor, 27-pore water pressure sensor, 28-soil moisture sensor, 29-sensor data collector, 30-artificial rainfall system, 31-water storage tank, 32-water pump, 33-first pipeline, 34-second pipeline, 35-controller, 36-nozzle, 37-waterproof cable, 38-second flowmeter, caster, 16-water-pump, water-pump, water-pump, water-pump, water-pump, 40-resistivity imaging system, 41-electrode, 42-resistivity measuring equipment, 43-insulating board, 50-camera system, 51-camera, 52-tripod and 60-data processing system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the indication of orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the application is used, or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually understood by those skilled in the art, or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the application is used, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be directly connected or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1-11, the present invention provides a resistivity tomography based paleo-landslide revival simulation apparatus, which includes a model box 10, a paleo-landslide model 20, an artificial rainfall system 30, a resistivity imaging system 40, a camera system 50, and a data processing system 60.
The top of the model box 10 is arranged in an open manner;
the ancient landslide model 20 is provided in the model box 10, and the ancient landslide model 20 includes a base 21, a slide bed 22, a slide belt 23, and a slide body 24. The base 21 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mold box 10, and has an inclined surface 211 formed at the top thereof. The slider bed 22 is fixedly mounted on the inclined surface 211. Preferably, a slide belt 23 is laid on the top of the slide bed 22. The slider 24 is laid on the slider belt 23, and a plurality of displacement sensors 25, soil pressure sensors 26, pore water pressure sensors 27, and soil moisture sensors 28 are embedded in the slider 24.
The artificial rainfall system 30 is used to perform rainfall operations to the ancient landslide model 20.
The resistivity imaging system 40 includes a plurality of electrodes 41, the plurality of electrodes 41 being spaced apart at the bottom of the slider bed 22.
The camera system 50 is used for shooting and recording the deformation damage process of the ancient landslide model 20 in real time. Specifically, the camera system 50 includes a camera 51 and a tripod 52.
The displacement sensor 25, the soil pressure sensor 26, the pore water pressure sensor 27 and the soil moisture sensor 28 are electrically connected with the data processing system 60 through a sensor data acquisition unit 29. The resistivity imaging system 40 is electrically connected to a data processing system 60. The data processing system 60 is configured with a Windows system for operating the sensor data acquisition system and a liumix system for operating the resistivity tomography system.
The specific working process is as follows: the worker controls the artificial rainfall system 30 to perform rainfall operation, and the ancient landslide model 20 is reactivated. At this time, the displacement sensor 25, the soil pressure sensor 26, the pore water pressure sensor 27, and the soil moisture sensor 28 transmit the measured data to the data processing system 60. Meanwhile, the electrode 41 monitors and records the resistivity value of the sliding body 24 in different time periods, so that the change characteristic of the resistivity value of the sliding body 24 along with the rainfall time is obtained, the seepage process of rainwater in the sliding body 24 is indirectly reflected, the full-time-series three-dimensional monitoring of the seepage process of the landslide under the rainfall condition is realized, and the monitoring result can be verified through sensor data. Because the electrode 41 is pre-arranged at the bottom of the slide bed 22, the electrode 41 is not affected by landslide deformation, has good stability, no damage to the slide body 24, high measurement precision and a three-dimensional imaging function, and overcomes the defects that the sensor can only monitor results in a point shape and has large discreteness. Therefore, the invention can better monitor the water migration and seepage rules in the landslide revival process.
In one embodiment, the mold box 10 comprises a bottom plate 11 and a box body framework 12, wherein a plurality of caster wheels 13 with braking function are installed at the bottom of the bottom plate 11, the box body framework 12 is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 11, and a plurality of pieces of toughened glass 14 are installed on the box body framework 12. Specifically, the box framework 12 is formed by connecting a plurality of horizontal rods 16, vertical rods 17 and diagonal rods 18.
A first flowmeter 15 is installed on one side of the bottom of the box framework 12, the first flowmeter 15 is close to the lower end of the inclined surface 211, and the first flowmeter 15 is electrically connected with the data processing system 60. The first flowmeter 15 can record the flow of the landslide surface runoff in the rainfall process in real time.
In one embodiment, the base 21 is constructed of brick and cement to ensure that the base 21 does not deform during the course of the experiment.
In one embodiment, the slide belt 23 and the slide body 24 are both made of remolded soil, the maximum particle size of the slide belt 23 is 5mm, and the maximum particle size of the slide body 24 is 1 cm;
the sliding belt 23 and the sliding body 24 are manufactured in layers, and after one layer is laid, the surface of the sliding belt is hammered and planed, and the next layer is laid.
According to the results of field investigation and indoor test, the structure of the slide belt 23 is dense, and the content of coarse particles in the slide belt 23 is low due to shear crushing of crushed stone particles. Therefore, the equivalent substitution method is used for preparing the slider 24 by selecting particles with the size of less than 1cm and preparing the sliding belt 23 by selecting particles with the size of less than 5 mm. The physical and mechanical parameters of the slip body 24 and the slip belt 23 in the model material are similar to those of the prototype. And (4) sieving the air-dried sample, and uniformly preparing a slider 24 and a slide belt 23 according to corresponding grain composition and water content. When the sliding belt 23 and the sliding body 24 are manufactured, the sliding belt and the sliding body are piled up in layers, after each layer is paved, the sliding belt is hammered by a rubber hammer, the surface of the sliding belt is planed and piled up again, the phenomenon of layering is avoided, and the density of the soil body is controlled by the quality in the whole filling process. In a general landslide model test, the materials of the slide belt 23 soil and the slide body 24 are similar. The test simulates the ancient landslide revival process, considers the stress and evolution history of the sliding belt 23, increases the water content and consolidation degree and reduces the maximum grain size and the stone content relative to the material of the sliding body 24
In one embodiment, the rainfall simulation system 30 includes a water storage tank 31, a suction pump 32, a first pipe 33, a second pipe 34, and a controller 35. Both the water tank 31 and the suction pump 32 are disposed outside the mold box 10. A first end of the first pipe 33 communicates with the inside of the water storage tank 31, and the other end of the first pipe 33 communicates with the water inlet of the suction pump 32. The first end of the second pipeline 34 is communicated with the water outlet of the water pump 32, the second end of the second pipeline 34 extends to the position right above the model box 10, and a plurality of nozzles 36 are arranged on the second pipeline 34 at intervals. The controller 35 is electrically connected to the plurality of nozzles 36 via a waterproof cable 37.
During rainfall operation, the operator controls the water pump 32 to operate through the controller 35. The water pump 32 pumps the water in the water storage tank 31 to the plurality of nozzles 36 for spraying, thereby facilitating the operation.
In one embodiment, a second flow meter 38 is mounted on the first conduit 33, the second flow meter 38 being electrically connected to the data processing system 60. The second flow meter 38 is used to record the amount of artificial rainfall.
In one embodiment, the electrode 41 is made of aluminum alloy and is inserted with a hollow inside, so that the conductive efficiency of the electrode 41 can be improved and the electrode is more sensitive to the change of water in the slider 24. The electrodes 41 are connected in parallel, so that the influence of the coupling effect of the electrodes 41 can be reduced, and the connection with a small-scale target body and the use of the microelectrode 41 are very convenient.
The resistivity imaging system 40 also includes a resistivity measuring device 42 and an insulating plate 43. The electrodes 41 and resistivity measuring device 42 are also electrically connected by waterproof cable 37, and resistivity measuring device 42 is electrically connected to data processing system 60. The insulating plate 43 is mounted on the inclined surface 211 to separate the base 21 from the electrode 41, thereby preventing the electrode 41 from being affected by the base 21. The insulating plate 43 is made of an insulating rubber material, and has excellent insulating properties, and also has the characteristics of high plasticity and high strength.
An ancient landslide revival simulation method based on a resistivity tomography method comprises the following steps:
and S10, building the ancient landslide model 20 in the model box 10.
And S20, adjusting rainfall intensity through the controller 35, opening the nozzle 36, simulating a rainfall process through the nozzle 36, and carrying out artificial rainfall on the ancient landslide model 20.
S30, monitoring and recording the resistivity values of the sliding mass 24 at different time periods by adopting the electrodes 41, and further performing inversion to obtain the characteristic that the resistivity value of the sliding mass 24 changes along with rainfall time, so as to indirectly reflect the seepage process of rainwater in the sliding mass 24 (namely, the larger the water content of the same geotechnical material is, the smaller the resistivity value is), and realize the full-time-series three-dimensional monitoring of the seepage process of the landslide under the rainfall condition.
S40, acquiring pore water pressure, soil humidity, soil body pressure and slope surface displacement values in the sliding body 24 in the rainfall process through the pore water pressure sensor 27, the soil water sensor 28, the soil pressure sensor 26 and the displacement sensor 25, acquiring data through the sensor data acquisition unit, and drawing a pore water pressure curve, a soil water content curve, a soil pressure curve and a slope surface displacement curve through the data processing system 60.
And S50, shooting and recording the deformation damage process of the ancient landslide model 20 in real time through the camera system 50.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an ancient landslide revival analogue means based on resistivity tomography which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the top of the model box is arranged in an open manner;
the model comprises a model box, an ancient landslide model and a sliding body, wherein the ancient landslide model is arranged in the model box and comprises a base, a sliding bed, a sliding belt and a sliding body, the base is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the model box, an inclined plane is formed at the top of the base, the sliding bed is installed on the inclined plane, the sliding belt is laid on the sliding bed, the sliding body is laid on the sliding belt, and a plurality of displacement sensors, soil pressure sensors, pore water pressure sensors and soil moisture sensors are embedded in the sliding body;
the artificial rainfall system is used for carrying out rainfall operation on the ancient landslide model;
the resistivity imaging system comprises a resistivity measuring device, a plurality of electrodes and an insulating plate, wherein the electrodes are arranged at the bottom of the sliding bed at intervals;
the camera system is used for shooting and recording the deformation damage process of the ancient landslide model in real time; and
and the data processing system is electrically connected with the displacement sensor, the soil pressure sensor, the pore water pressure sensor, the soil moisture sensor and the resistivity imaging system.
2. The paleo-landslide revival simulation device based on resistivity tomography according to claim 1, wherein: the model box includes bottom plate and box skeleton, a plurality of truckles of taking brake function are installed to the bottom of bottom plate, the box skeleton is fixed to be set up on the bottom plate, install polylith toughened glass on the box skeleton, first flowmeter is installed to one side of the bottom of box skeleton, first flowmeter is close to the lower extreme on inclined plane, first flowmeter with the data processing system electricity is connected.
3. The paleo-landslide revival simulation device based on resistivity tomography according to claim 1, wherein: the base is built by bricks and cement.
4. The paleo-landslide revival simulation device based on resistivity tomography according to claim 1, wherein: the sliding belt and the sliding body are both made of remolded soil, the maximum grain size of the sliding belt is 5mm, and the maximum grain size of the sliding body is 1 cm;
the sliding belt and the sliding body are manufactured in a layered mode, after one layer is laid, the surface of the sliding belt and the surface of the sliding body are hammered and shaved, and then the next layer is laid.
5. The paleo-landslide revival simulation device based on resistivity tomography according to claim 1, wherein: artifical rainfall system includes storage water tank, suction pump, first pipeline, second pipeline and controller, the storage water tank with the suction pump all sets up the outside of mold box, the first end of first pipeline with the inside intercommunication of storage water tank, the other end of first pipeline with the water inlet intercommunication of suction pump, the first end of second pipeline with the delivery port intercommunication of suction pump, the second end of second pipeline extends to directly over the mold box, a plurality of nozzles are installed at the interval on the second pipeline, the controller is with a plurality of the nozzle electricity is connected.
6. The ancient landslide revival simulation device based on resistivity tomography according to claim 5, wherein: and a second flowmeter is arranged on the first pipeline and is electrically connected with the data processing system.
7. The paleo-landslide revival simulation device based on resistivity tomography according to claim 1, wherein: the resistivity imaging system further comprises an insulating plate, wherein the insulating plate is installed on the inclined surface to separate the base from the electrode.
8. An ancient landslide revival simulation method based on a resistivity tomography method is applied to the ancient landslide revival simulation device based on the resistivity tomography method, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
building an ancient landslide model in the model box;
carrying out artificial rainfall on the ancient landslide model through an artificial rainfall system;
monitoring and recording the resistivity values of the sliding body in different time periods by adopting electrodes to obtain the characteristic that the resistivity value of the sliding body changes along with the rainfall time;
acquiring pore water pressure, soil humidity, soil body pressure and slope surface displacement values in a slide body in a rainfall process through a pore water pressure sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a soil pressure sensor and a displacement sensor;
and shooting and recording the revival deformation damage process of the ancient landslide model in real time through a camera system.
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