KR101771102B1 - System and Method for Determining Defect Location in Concrete Structures Using Electrode - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a non-destructive electrode system for a resistivity survey to detect a defect position in a concrete structure and a method thereof. According to the present invention, the system uses the electrode to understand a defect position of a concrete structure, and analyzes grounding resistance and resistivity reaction characteristics in an upper part or on an inclined surface of the concrete structure without accumulating fatigue of concrete to define an internal structure and condition of the concrete. Moreover, through a case and a super absorbent polymer including the electrode of a non-destructive electrode apparatus for the resistivity survey, the electrode is prevented from being exposed to block electromagnetic waves and external noises generated during data measurement, thereby being able to correctly understand the defect position of the structure with highly reliable data. Moreover, a plate electrode using the super absorbent polymer, which is a hydrophilic material, continuously maintains the content of moisture to maintain a low grounding resistance for a long time, thus constantly maintaining an apparent resistivity; thereby increasing the stability for apparent resistivity calculation and measurement.

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a non-destructive electrode system for detecting an electrical resistivity defect in a concrete structure,

The present invention relates to a non-destructive electrode system for detecting electrical defects in a concrete structure and a method thereof, and more particularly, to a system for detecting a defect position of a concrete structure including a bank or a dam by using an efficient non- ≪ / RTI >

Concrete structures are quite large in size and therefore require a lot of labor and cost to construct. Due to the characteristics of concrete structures and various socioeconomic problems, it is difficult to reconstruct or demolish concrete structures that are under construction, and there is a high interest in safety management of concrete structures. Also, due to the recent development of construction technology for concrete structures, concrete structures are widely used in many fields except construction field.

In general, instead of rebuilding or demolishing concrete structures, internal defects in concrete structures and defects in concrete are found and work is done to complement the structures. In order to find defects, there is a method of directly observing the cross section with the naked eye. However, the method of observing the cross-section of the direct structure is difficult to use because of the high possibility that the concrete structure is destroyed by the observer.

Noh et al., 2009; Noh and Oh, 2009). In this paper, we propose a new non-destructive inspection method for the concrete structures, 2011). Among them, electrical resistivity survey is a method to grasp the substructure by drilling the upper part of the structure and then installing an electrode on the ground. However, the conventional electrodeposition survey method is likely to accumulate fatigue of concrete and cause fracture.

Disclosure of the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the technical background as described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a non-destructive electrode (plate) for electrical resistivity test closely attached to an upper surface or a sloped surface of a concrete structure to identify the internal structure of the structure, And to provide a system for safety management and prevention.

The present invention relates to an electrical resistivity-free nondestructive electrode apparatus for detecting a defect in a structure, including: an electrode to which an electric signal including a current and a voltage is applied; A superabsorbent polymer including an electrode inside and contacting a surface of a structure including an upper surface or an inclined surface; And a case for holding the contact position of the superabsorbent resin including the electrode in contact with the surface of the structure; .

Wherein the case comprises a nonconductive material, the case comprises a case at the upper end of the case and applies a predetermined pressure to the superabsorbent resin to pressurize the surface of the structure with the superabsorbent resin including the electrode; And a fixing unit configured to be in close contact with the surface of the structure on the left and right sides of the case so as to be applicable to an inclined surface of the concrete structure by providing an electrode device on the surface of the structure having a specific inclination or more; .

The super absorbent polymer is a hydrophilic material having a hydrophilic ion adsorbed on a polymer main chain made of at least one carbon atom. The super absorbent polymer absorbs moisture around the electrode device, And the water content is kept constant.

A non-destructive electrode system according to another aspect of the present invention includes: a non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity detection mounted on an upper surface or a sloped surface of a concrete structure in order to locate a defect in a concrete structure; A measuring device for electrically connecting the non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity test and applying a current to the electrode device to measure the resistivity; And an analyzer for monitoring the position of the defect in the concrete structure by monitoring the resistivity value measured by the measuring device over time and by monitoring the measurement result with the non-destructive electrode device using the resistivity probe with time. .

The non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity testing is formed in the form of a plate, and the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity testing formed in the form of a flat plate includes a superabsorbent resin, An absorber for absorbing moisture in the mounted area to maintain a constant moisture content and reduce a grounding resistance; And an electrode unit provided at a lower end of the absorber in the form of a metal electrode plate having electrical conductivity of a predetermined value or more; .

The analyzing apparatus stores analytical data data including the amount of current data applied from the measuring device, the resistivity numerical data according to the material of the electrical resistivity probe, the measured error rate, the apparent resistance data, and the numerical data of the concrete structure A database; A decision unit for determining the state of the concrete structure based on the result of the resistivity monitoring in the non-destructive electrode device using the analytical data stored in the database and the electrical resistivity probe; And a display unit for displaying a determination result; .

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a defect localization method for a concrete structure using an electrode, the method comprising: mounting the electrode on an upper surface or an inclined surface of a concrete structure; Applying a current to the mounted electrode; Measuring a specific resistance of the concrete structure through the electrode after applying the electric current; Analyzing the measured resistivity values according to a measurement position over time; Determining a defect location of the concrete structure according to the analysis result; .

In the step of mounting to the upper surface or the sloped surface of the concrete structure, the electrode is mounted on at least one of the upper surface and the sloped surface of the concrete structure.

The step of measuring the specific resistivity of the concrete structure includes: measuring a voltage difference between electrodes mounted on the concrete structure; Obtaining a specific resistivity value of the concrete structure through the measured voltage difference and the applied current amount; .

The purpose of the electrical resistivity survey is to determine the electrical resistivity distribution by flowing an artificial current through the underground medium and measuring the potential difference. Since the electrical resistivity is a property, it can be used to estimate the internal structure of the probe, As a result of the inevitable perforation of the concrete, the destruction of the concrete is caused, and the exploration becomes meaningless. In other words, perforating the structure can be a factor promoting aging, which results in deterioration of stability. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a non-destructive electrode which can obtain a stable result without perforating. Also, since the concrete structure is more inclined, it is necessary to use an electrode capable of being probed on an inclined surface.

 Therefore, through the present invention, it is possible to identify a defect position of a concrete structure by using electrodes, and to analyze the ground resistance and electrical resistivity characteristics of the upper part or slope of the concrete structure without accumulating the fatigue of the concrete, can do.

In addition, through the case structure of the non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity test according to the embodiment and the superabsorbent resin including the electrodes, the electrodes are prevented from being exposed to the outside, thereby blocking electromagnetic waves and external noises generated during data measurement, The position of the defect in the structure can be grasped accurately.

In addition, the plate electrode using the superabsorbent resin, which is a hydrophilic material, keeps the water content constant and maintains the low grounding resistance for a long time, thereby maintaining the apparent specific resistance constant, thereby improving the stability for calculation and measurement of the resistivity.

1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a probe electrode apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fault location system for a concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.
3A is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an electrical resistivity-free nondestructive-electrode apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3B shows an actual non-destructive electrode apparatus for an electrical resistivity test according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating an example of installation of the non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 for electrical resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention and data measurement for detecting defect location.
4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an analysis apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a method for locating a defect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a flowchart illustrating a resistivity measuring process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7A is a view illustrating an electrode installation example according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7B is a view showing an example in which an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is closely attached to a structure.
7C is a view showing an example in which an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is closely attached to a concrete surface.
8 is a view showing experimental data in which electrodes a and b according to an embodiment of the present invention are attached to a concrete surface and electrodes according to an embodiment are applied to the field.

The present invention relates to a non-destructive electrode device for non-destructive electrical resistivity probing in which a plate type non-destructive electrical resistivity probe is installed closely to the upper or sloped surface of a concrete structure to identify the internal structure of the structure, The present invention relates to a system and a method for identifying the same. Through the present invention, it is possible to identify the internal structure and condition of concrete without risk of destruction of the structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The advantages and features of the present invention and the manner of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. And is intended to enable a person skilled in the art to readily understand the scope of the invention, and the invention is defined by the scope of the claims. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the present specification, the singular form includes plural forms unless otherwise specified in the specification. It is noted that " comprises, " or "comprising," as used herein, means the presence or absence of one or more other components, steps, operations, and / Do not exclude the addition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

1A is a diagram illustrating a probe electrode apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1A, the non-destructive electrode system for non-destructive electrical resistivity testing according to the embodiment includes an electrode 110, a superabsorbent resin 120, and a case 13. An electric signal including a current and a voltage is applied to the electrode 110 for data calculation for grasping a defect position of the structure. The superabsorbent resin 120 includes the electrode 110 therein according to an embodiment and contacts the surface 20 of the structure. The case 13 includes the portions 131R and 131L that contact the surface of the structure to thereby maintain the contact position of the superabsorbent resin 120 including the electrode 110. [ At this time, the portions 131R and 131L contacting the surface of the structure are not electrically conductive.

In the preferred embodiment, the case 13 is made of a non-conductive material and includes a pressing portion 131 and fixing portions 131R and 131L.

The pressing portion 131 applies a predetermined pressure to the superabsorbent resin to adhere the superabsorbent resin 120 including the electrode 110 to the structure surface 20. For example, a spring device capable of applying pressure to the pressing portion 131, or the like.

In the embodiment, the pressing portion 131 can prevent the superabsorbent resin from flowing down in the case 13 when attached to the inclined surface, so that the superabsorbent resin can be kept in close contact with the wall surface. Therefore, a compression lid with a spring attached is fabricated to prevent the superabsorbent resin from flowing down. The pressurizing unit 131 is configured to maintain the most stable value based on experimental results comparing factors of the measurement result such as the size of the electrode, the size of the model frame, and the effect of salt water.

FIG. 1B is a view showing a non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity inspection mounted on the surface of a tilted structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1B, when the electrode device 100 is installed on the surface of the structure having a specific inclination degree?, The fixing portions 131L and 131R configured to be in close contact with the surface of the structure on the left and right sides of the case 13 The position of the non-destructive electrode device using the electrical resistivity probe can be fixed. In the embodiment, the fixing portions 131L and 131R attached to the concrete wall surface can be fixed using bentonite and clay. Bentonite is used as a ground resistance reducing agent because bentonite induces ionization of the soil to reduce earth resistivity. As a result of using bentonite in concrete, it is found that ground resistance is lower than that of unused concrete. Therefore, it can be seen that it plays a role as a grounding resistance reducing agent in concrete. Also, since bentonite is basically a clay component, Lt; / RTI > As a result, the electrode device can be securely held and held on the inclined surface as well as the upper surface of the structure for a long period of time. In addition, bentonite is used only as a ground resistance reducing agent in consideration of adhesive property of clay and bentonite, and synthetic resin clay is used as an adhesive.

In the embodiment, the superabsorbent polymer formed in the electrode device 100 is a hydrophilic material having a hydrophilic ion adsorbed on a polymer main chain made of at least one carbon atom, The non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 absorbs the moisture around it and maintains a certain water content in the non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 for electrical resistivity test.

Specifically, it is important that the electrolyte solution is supplied continuously so that current can flow stably into the concrete structure because the current is very difficult to flow into the concrete compared to the land. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, a superabsorbent resin is used for continuous water supply. A superabsorbent resin is a polymer substance which can absorb water several tens to several hundred times as large as its volume, and water is absorbed by the internal sodium ion and carboxy ion. Sodium ions cause the osmotic phenomenon to attract water, and the polar part of the carboxy ion absorbs and stores the surrounding water as it draws water constantly.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fault location system for a concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 2, the defect locating system according to the embodiment includes an electrical resistivity testing non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 (1) to 100 (4), a point source, a measuring apparatus 200, a cable 210 And an analyzing apparatus 300. The analyzing apparatus 300 comprises:

The non-destructive electrode apparatuses 100 (1) to 100 (4) using electrical resistivity probes are mounted on the upper surface or the inclined surface of the concrete structure to identify the defective position of the concrete structure and to identify the internal structure state, do.

The measuring apparatus 200 electrically connects the non-destructive electrode apparatuses 100 (1) to 100 (4) using the electrical resistivity probing non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity testing through a cable 210, (1) to 100 (4). A voltage is applied to a point source, and the measurement apparatus 200 measures a specific resistance at a position where the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity detection is mounted through the applied voltage and current data.

The analyzer 300 monitors the resistivity values measured by the measuring apparatus 200 according to the elapsed time according to measurement positions where the electrical resistivity testing non-destructive electrode apparatuses 100 (1) to 100 (4) are mounted, And analyze the defects of concrete structures based on the analysis results.

FIG. 3A is a view showing the configuration of the non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 for electrical resistivity test according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a view showing an actual state of the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity test according to an embodiment of the present invention .

Referring to FIG. 3A, the non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 or electrode 100 for detecting electrical resistivity according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an absorption unit 130 and an electrode unit 110.

3A, the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity testing 100 is formed in a cylinder shape, and the electrical resistivity detecting non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 formed in a cylinder shape is a superabsorptive polymer ) Absorbs moisture in the region where the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity testing 100 is mounted. In this case, a hydrophilic material having hydrophilic ions adsorbed on a polymer main chain made of carbon atoms of SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer) is used as a hydrophilic material, and a certain amount of moisture content . Since the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electric resistivity testing 100 can maintain a certain amount of water due to the hydrophilic material of the absorber 130, it is possible to provide stable resistivity data and apparent resistance data, So that it can be accurately grasped.

The electrode unit 110 provided at the lower end of the absorption unit 130 is formed in the form of a metal electrode plate having electrical conductivity over a predetermined value and is provided at the lower end of the absorption unit 130.

3C is a diagram illustrating an example of installation of the non-destructive electrode apparatus 100 for electrical resistivity test according to an embodiment of the present invention and data measurement for detecting the location of defects.

Referring to FIG. 3C, the non-destructive electrode apparatuses c1, p1, c2, and p2 for electrical resistivity testing are installed on the upper surface of the concrete structure 10 according to the embodiment, 210, respectively. The measuring apparatus 200 measures various data necessary for an operation to acquire a resistivity and a resistivity through the current and voltage data applied to the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity test.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the measurement apparatus 200 calculates the resistivity and the resistivity for the resistivity acquisition by varying the intervals between the non-destructive electrode devices 100 according to the data analysis levels (N = 1,2,3) And the like. For example, the data of the first stage (first level) is the data measured with the interval a between the non-destructive electrode apparatuses (c1, p1, c2 and p2) for electrical resistivity testing, and the data of the second level (C1, p1, c2, p2) of the non-destructive electrode unit (c1, p1, c2, p2) ) As a reference. The intervals and the data levels shown in FIG. 3 are only for explaining the embodiments, and the data level and the interval between the non-destructive electrode devices for electrical resistivity testing may vary depending on the type of structure and the measurement environment for defect location. The measured data is monitored by the analyzer 300, the monitored data is calculated, and the defect position is determined based on the calculation result.

4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an analysis apparatus 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4, the analysis apparatus 300 according to the embodiment includes a database 310, a communication unit 330, a determination unit 350, and a display unit 370.

In the database 310, the current amount data and the voltage data of the point source applied to the electrodes by the measuring apparatus 200, the resistivity numerical data according to the material of the electrical resistivity detecting non-destructive electrode apparatus 100, , Apparent resistance data, numerical data of the concrete structure, and the like are stored.

The communication unit 330 transmits and receives various data for updating the database, voltage data applied to the point source, current data applied to the measuring device, and the like, and transmits the data to the determination unit 350 of the analysis device. And calculates the position of the defect in the structure through the received data.

The determination unit 350 determines the state of the concrete structure based on the transmitted data and the analysis data previously stored in the database 310 and the result of monitoring the resistivity in the non-destructive electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity test. For example, the determination unit 350 may calculate the specific position of the defect by calculating the specific resistance value according to the position of the structure over time using the applied current and voltage data, and calculate and analyze various values for the defect location, The position is determined more accurately. Then, the determination result is transmitted to the display unit 370 and displayed. Hereinafter, a defect localization method of a concrete structure using the electrode according to the present invention will be described in order. Since the function (function) of the method for locating the defect position of the concrete structure using the electrode according to the present invention is essentially the same as the function on the defect locating system, a description overlapping with FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 will be omitted.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a method for locating a defect according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7A is a view illustrating an electrode installed in a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiment, FIG. 7A is used together in the description of FIG.

In step S410, the electrodes a and b are mounted on the upper surface or the sloped surface of the concrete structure. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7A, the electrodes a, b are mounted on at least one of the upper surface or the inclined surface of the concrete structure. The arrangement of the electrodes (a, b) is not limited to this, and can be variously shaped in order to easily measure the resistivity in consideration of the shape of the structure and the surrounding environment.

FIG. 7B shows the electrodes a and b according to the embodiment using a superabsorbent resin and a rubber plate, and FIG. 7C shows a state where the electrodes are actually attached to the concrete floor.

In step S420, a current is applied to the electrode by the cable 141 electrically connected to the electrodes a and b. After applying the electric current, in step S430, the specific resistance of the concrete structure 160 is measured through the electrodes a and b.

In step S440, a process of analyzing the measured resistivity values according to measurement positions is performed according to the passage of time. Thereafter, according to the analysis result, the defect position of the concrete structure is determined in step S450.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a resistivity measuring process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In order to measure the specific resistivity of the concrete structure, in step S431, a voltage difference between the electrodes (a, b) mounted on the concrete structure is measured.

In step S433, a process of calculating and acquiring a resistivity value according to the position of the concrete structure 160 is performed through the measured voltage difference and the applied current amount.

8 is a view showing experimental data in which electrodes a and b according to an embodiment of the present invention are attached to a concrete surface and electrodes according to an embodiment are applied to the field.

The non-destructive electrode system according to the embodiment of the present invention has a very small change in ground resistance and apparent specific resistance with time, so that the validity and reliability of field application can be verified through the experimental data of FIG.

In the embodiment, the non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity inspection mounted on the upper surface or the inclined surface of the building structure is used to stably maintain the water content of the electrode through a super absorbent polymer Thereby improving stability for numerical calculation and measurement of resistivity. In an embodiment, the superabsorbent polymer includes a hydrophilic material in which ions are adsorbed to a polymer main chain made of carbon atoms.

According to the present invention, it is possible to grasp a defect position of a concrete structure using an electrode. Through this, it is possible to identify the internal structure and state of concrete by non - destructive method by analyzing the grounding resistance and electrical resistivity characteristics on the top or slope of the concrete structure without accumulating the fatigue of the concrete. In addition, the plate electrode using the superabsorbent resin, which is a hydrophilic material, keeps the water content constant so that the low ground resistance is maintained for a long time, thereby maintaining the apparent specific resistance constant, thereby improving the stability for calculation and measurement of resistivity .

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited by the illustrated embodiments, but should be determined by the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (9)

As a non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity probing to locate defects in a structure,
An electrode to which an electric signal including a current and a voltage is applied;
A superabsorbent polymer including the electrode therein and contacting the surface of the structure including the upper surface or the inclined surface; And
A case contacting the surface of the structure to maintain a contact position of the superabsorbent resin including the electrode; Including the
The case
A pressing unit that is formed at the upper end of the case and applies a predetermined pressure to the superabsorbent resin to adhere the superabsorbent resin including the electrode to the surface of the structure; And
A fixing unit configured to closely contact the surface of the structure on the left and right sides of the case so that the electrode device can be installed on a surface of a structure having a predetermined inclination or more and be applied to an inclined surface of a concrete structure to fix the position of the electrode device; Wherein the non-destructive electrode is a non-destructive electrode.
delete The method of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent polymer (Super Absorbent Polymer)
A hydrophilic material having a hydrophilic ion adsorbed on a carbon main chain composed of at least one carbon atom. The hydrophilic material adsorbs moisture around the electrode device to reduce the grounding resistance and maintains the water content continuously. A non - destructive electrode device for use with electrical resistivity probes.
A non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity inspection mounted on an upper surface or a sloped surface of the concrete structure, for detecting a defect position of the concrete structure;
A measuring device for electrically connecting the non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity detection and applying a current to the electrode device to measure a specific resistance; And
An analyzer for monitoring a defect location of the concrete structure by monitoring the resistivity value measured by the measuring device over time according to a measurement position on which the non-destructive electrode device for electrical resistivity testing is installed, and analyzing the monitoring result; Including the
The electrical resistivity test non-destructive electrode device
An electrode to which an electric signal including a current and a voltage is applied;
A superabsorbent polymer including the electrode therein and contacting the surface of the structure including the upper surface or the inclined surface; And
A case contacting the surface of the structure to maintain a contact position of the superabsorbent resin including the electrode; Including the
The case
A pressing unit that is formed at the upper end of the case and applies a predetermined pressure to the superabsorbent resin to adhere the superabsorbent resin including the electrode to the surface of the structure; And
A fixing unit configured to closely contact the surface of the structure on the left and right sides of the case so that the electrode device can be installed on a surface of a structure having a predetermined inclination or more and be applied to an inclined surface of a concrete structure to fix the position of the electrode device; Wherein the non-destructive electrode system for electrical resistivity testing of a concrete structure is characterized in that the electrical resistivity of the non-destructive electrode system is less than 10%.
delete 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the analyzing device
Data for storing analysis data including numerical data of the amount of current applied from the measuring device, resistivity numerical data according to the material of the electrical resistivity detection non-destructive electrode device, measured error rate, apparent resistance data, and numerical data of the concrete structure Base;
A determination unit for determining the state of the concrete structure based on the analysis data previously stored in the database and the resistivity monitoring result in the electrical resistivity detection non-destructive electrode device; And
A display unit for displaying a result of the determination;
Wherein the non-destructive electrode system for electrical resistivity testing of a concrete structure is characterized in that the electrical resistivity of the non-destructive electrode system is less than 10%.
The method of claim 4, wherein the superabsorbent polymer (Super Absorbent Polymer)
A hydrophilic material having a hydrophilic ion adsorbed on a carbon main chain composed of at least one carbon atom. The hydrophilic material adsorbs moisture around the electrode device to reduce the grounding resistance and maintains the water content continuously. A non - destructive electrode system using electrical resistivity probing. delete delete

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