CN106248038B - The method that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement - Google Patents
The method that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106248038B CN106248038B CN201610679872.4A CN201610679872A CN106248038B CN 106248038 B CN106248038 B CN 106248038B CN 201610679872 A CN201610679872 A CN 201610679872A CN 106248038 B CN106248038 B CN 106248038B
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- landslide
- displacement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement, it is related to a kind of landslide monitoring early warning technology.According to the topographic and geologic condition of typical landslide disaster, based on come down model in situ experiment and monitoring measured data, pass through the relationship between earth's surface tilt angle and actual displacement amount when the destroying for times of rainfall simulation slope, it is proposed the method that inclination angle is converted into surface displacement, and combine specific monitoring data, it is monitored information feedback in time, tests and corrects to conversion formula, finally provides a kind of method that landslide earth's surface inclinometer inclination angle is converted into displacement.The present invention passes through the relationship between establishing landslide earth's surface inclination angle and being displaced, it gives tilt angle and is converted into displacement empirical equation, the deficiency for compensating for relationship understanding between inclination angle and landslide actual displacement to landslide earth's surface monitoring, provides scientific guarantee for Geological Hazards Monitoring comprehensive pre-warning technology decision-making.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods how landslide monitoring instrument and equipment quantifies, and in particular to landslide disaster is comprehensive
The method of monitoring and warning.
Background technique
Currently, Landslide Deformation mostly uses displacement monitoring, application is relatively broad, mainly includes：1. the earth precision measurement
(total station, level, theodolite) can observe the absolute displacement amount of slip mass, and measurement accuracy and efficiency are all higher, are suitable for
The landslide displacement monitoring in different distortion stage；But under orographic condition (sighting condition) and the restricted situation of meteorological condition, survey
Heavy workload is measured, the period is long, and the degree of automation is low.2. .GPS monitoring method, simple to operate, with round-the-clock, high-precision, entirely
The advantages that automatic；But measurement accuracy is low, is not suitable for the monitoring of Landslide Deformation initial stage, and in alpine region, satellite-signal is easily hidden
Gear, when multipath effect is more serious, has certain influence to measurement result, in addition, GPS receiver is expensive, promotes and applies
Difficulty is big.3. .BOTDR monitoring method, measurement accuracy is high, strong applicability, and real-time stability is good；But expensive, field operation
Difference, maintenance difficulties are big, and easily pull apart, it is difficult to be used for the landslide monitoring middle and later periods.4. eyes with non-contact method such as .INSAR, acquisition quantity is big,
Precision is high, and it is fast to obtain data；But data processing is difficult, big by environmental impact factors such as vegetation, soil, water content, and data are difficult
With processing, applicability is poor.5. joint measurement method, investment is fast, and precision is high, method Simple visual, and data is reliable；But there are instrument peaces
Dress is difficult, and is not suitable for the Landslide Deformation middle and later periods.And come down inclination angle monitoring as a kind of precision it is high, it is easy to install, cheap,
High degree of automation, the novel earth's surface monitoring method suitable for Landslide Deformation each stage are gradually approved by people.However, so far
Until its use and method for early warning also in exploration.
Inventor has applied for the utility model patent (patent No. in June, 2012：ZL 2,012 2 0266093.9), and
It is promoted and is applied in 1 ten landslide (mud-rock flow source area) Geological Hazards Monitoring points.But it is having built up and is building
In vertical all kinds of monitoring and warning systems, all there are problems that how earth's surface tilt angle will be surveyed how using earth's surface inclinometer
It is converted into measuring point displacement.But up to the present all there is no very good solution this problem.Since slip mass Mechanism of Deformation And Failure is multiple
Miscellaneous, there are many triggering factors, and monitoring point monitors tilt angle data and the gradient, domatic, Rock And Soil parameter, terrain environment etc.
Factor is related, and is often not provided with displacement meter at monitoring point again.Therefore, real by landslide model in situ experimental data and monitoring
When the method that combines of feedback data to determine that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement be the side for being easier break-through skill difficult point
Case.
Currently, Landslide Deformation mostly uses displacement monitoring, application is relatively broad, and inclination angle monitoring of coming down is used as a kind of precision
High, easy to install, cheap, high degree of automation novel earth's surface monitoring method is gradually approved by people.However, so far
It is used and method for early warning is also in exploration.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of landslide surface inclination angle to be converted into
The method of displacement is tested with the model in situ that comes down according to the topographic and geologic condition of typical landslide disaster and monitoring measured data is
Basis proposes to incline by the relationship between earth's surface tilt angle and actual displacement amount when the destroying for times of rainfall simulation slope
Oblique angle is converted into the new method of surface displacement, and combines specific monitoring data, is monitored information feedback in time, public to conversion
Formula is tested and is corrected, and is finally provided a kind of landslide earth's surface inclinometer inclination angle and is converted into the simple and easy method of displacement.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：
The method that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement comprising following steps：
(1) to have reconnoitre and geologic information statistically analyze, including landslide destroy when displacement data, inclination and distortion number
According to Landslide Deformation destroys front-rear position form, destroys accumulation scope, slump process and Rock And Soil physical and mechanical parameter etc. money
Material；
(2) typical landslide field monitoring data are combined, the relationship between landslide seepage flow variation and structure, analysis deformation are established
Feature and formation mechanism of disaster.
(3) it is directed to the deficiency of monitoring data, the method tested using monitoring point model in situ is oblique to rain making situation
The deformation & damage system on slope carries out simulation test research, and tentatively establishes landslide surface in conjunction with field monitoring equipment data with existing and incline
Relationship between oblique angle and displacement；
(4) by field monitoring real time data and numerical simulation, it is monitored information feedback in time, to the inclination of landslide surface
Angle and displacement between relationship test and correct, finally provide it is a kind of landslide earth's surface inclinometer inclination angle and displacement it is simple
Formula.
Wherein, comprehensive analysis carried out to monitoring data and model-test data in step (4), and with measured data and numerical value
Simulation is modified, and is established expression formula and is：
Δ E=α ds·sin(Δx)
In formula：Δ E is measuring point surface displacement amount when landslide occurs；
α is correction factor, related to the gradient, domatic, Rock And Soil parameter, terrain environment factor, by testing and surveying number
According to being fitted；
dsFor earth's surface inclinometer rod piece embedded depth；
Δ x is earth's surface tilt angle when landslide occurs.
Quantization landslide surface inclination angle in step (3) and the relationship between displacement, so that it is determined that correction factor α.
The method that landslide surface inclination angle provided by the invention is converted into displacement, by establishing landslide earth's surface inclination angle and position
Relationship between shifting gives tilt angle and is converted into displacement empirical equation, compensate for landslide earth's surface monitoring inclination angle with
The deficiency of relationship understanding between the actual displacement of landslide, forms the basic subject with earth's surface inclinometer monitoring landslide disaster study of warning
Theory provides scientific guarantee for Geological Hazards Monitoring comprehensive pre-warning technology decision-making.
Detailed description of the invention
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments；
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is earth's surface inclinometer variation diagram in example of the invention；
Fig. 3 is surface displacement amount variation diagram in example of the invention；
The relational graph of earth's surface inclinometer and displacement in example Fig. 4 of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below with reference to
Specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
The test site of selection is located at the natural slope of slip mass front, the long 4m in test site, wide 1.5m.It is touched by gravity
Trial and error test measures experimental section region Rock And Soil, and Simple gravity sounding device uses the cylindrical body of 5kg, passes through height
The freely falling body of 50cm falls, and touches the number of soil body depth 10cm to indicate.According to feeler inspection the results show that most feeler inspections
Number illustrates that sloping inner is loosely organized within ten times, respective location number 30 times or more even up to 50 times, illustrates part
There is boulder in place.
It being shown according to the test result of cone penetration test and rock mechanical parameter, test slope is loose material landslide deposit,
Thickness is big, reaches 17-30m, and material composition is mainly the silty clay for containing more rubble and charges, wherein clay content
Few, the gravel grains of sand and flour sand, structure is very loose, and water penetration is strong, meets the Earthquake-landslide in the hard rocks such as igneous rock area, slope of shattering
The general features on ground and unstable slope has certain representativeness.
The experimental provision that specific embodiment uses mainly includes four parts：
(1) artificial rain system
It is Norton VeeJet80100 type nozzle-type artificially-simulated rainfall machine used in this test, for nozzle-type
The basic principle of artificially-simulated rainfall machine is to be sprayed against out, and then using certain broken stream measure, the water flow of ejection is broken
It is broken into as different size of raindrop, these raindrop and natural rainfall have certain similitude, and the broken side for spraying water flow
Formula is divided into again has stream breaker and without two kinds of stream breaker.Norton VeeJet80100 type artificially-simulated rainfall machine is four spray heads without broken
Flowing plate type groove formula artificially-simulated rainfall machine, the machine are the main of country of Purdue Univ-West Lafayette USA soil erosion laboratory (NSERL)
Rainfall equipment, and by earth's surface collecting system mainly by afflux cell, flow blocking baffle, repeatedly improvement, performance is more preferable, and operation is more
Add stabilization.
(2) earth's surface collecting system
Rainwash cell is mainly by natural slope, afflux baffle and afflux groove composition.The entire long 4m in runoff plots, it is wide
1.5m, slope material composition are gravelly soil；Runoff plots are separated by stainless steel separator, partition long 2m, wide 30cm, and runoff is small
It is that embedded afflux groove is set at the slope foot of slope below area, afflux flute length 80cm, wide 15cm, water outlet water pipe caliber 3cm, and with
The graduated cylinder that capacity is 5L is connected, for measuring rainwash.
(3) record system is imaged
Camera shooting record system is mainly made of 2 CCD cameras and round-the-clock monitoring system.
Video camera uses resolution ratio for 1024*768 pixel, 30 frames/second, and image is recorded using SD card, is respectively placed in examination
Front on the left of the front and slope in area is tested, in order to observe entire test process.Round-the-clock monitoring system is mainly taken the photograph by monitoring
As head, image collection instrument and display composition, entire test and the course of work round-the-clock can be monitored in real time.
(4) earth's surface monitors system
Ground displacement system is mainly made of dipmeter earth's surface dipmeter, pantograph and color jade.
The parameter of specific embodiment measures and analysis：
1. the physical and mechanical parameter of model
Using the method for gravity feeler inspection and geotechnical centrifuge model to the natural moisture content of Typical Sliding slopes and landslide slip, close
The amounts of progress such as degree, severe (natural, saturation), void ratio, plastic limit, liquid limit, cohesive strength, internal friction angle, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio
It surveys.The Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of the soil body is measured with the method that varying head is tested.
2. rainfall
Using Full-automatic rain gauge, real-time monitoring is carried out to the rainfall during test, and can be close by wirelessly realizing
Several and device configuration is manually set in distance display.
3. being displaced
Method one：With the variable quantity at slope surface inclination angle in earth's surface dipmeter survey measuring point destructive process；Method two：With
Pantograph monitors slope surface displacement variable quantity.Test result such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
4. data processing
Experimental data is arranged, is united to the displacement and earth's surface tilt angle that are come down when destroying under condition of raining
Meter analysis discloses the relationship between surface displacement and earth's surface inclination angle, tentatively builds in conjunction with field typical landslide monitoring materials data
The method that vertical landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement, and be modified with measured data and numerical simulation, establishing expression formula is,
The correction formula of this example, as shown in Figure 4：
Δ E=1.1ds·sin(Δx)。
The test method of present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1：Model test carries out rainfall item using typical landslide as prototype
Come down process of deformation and failure layer during similar model test under part, discloses typical rain-induced landslide level of ground water, pore water pressure and slopes
Dynamic rule between surface volume water content and rainfall establishes landslide seepage flow hydrological model, in conjunction with field inspection number
According to the typical rainfall landslide critical excitation approaches of foundation.
Claims (2)
1. the method that landslide surface inclination angle is converted into displacement, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
(1) it reconnoitres and geologic information statisticallys analyze, displacement data when destroying including landslide to having, inclination and distortion data are sliding
Slope deformation failure front-rear position form destroys accumulation scope, slump process and Rock And Soil physical mechanics data；
(2) typical landslide field monitoring data are combined, the relationship between landslide seepage flow variation and structure is established, analyzes deformation characteristics
And formation mechanism of disaster；
(3) deficiency of monitoring data, the method tested using monitoring point model in situ, to rain making situation downslope are directed to
Deformation & damage system carries out simulation test research, and tentatively establishes landslide surface inclination angle in conjunction with field monitoring equipment data with existing
Relationship between displacement；
(4) by field monitoring real time data and numerical simulation, be monitored information feedback in time, to landslide surface inclination angle with
Relationship between displacement is tested and is corrected, and the simple public affairs at a kind of come down earth's surface inclinometer inclination angle and displacement are finally provided
Formula：
Δ E=α ds·sin(Δx)
In formula：Δ E is measuring point surface displacement amount when landslide occurs；
α is correction factor, related to the gradient, domatic, Rock And Soil parameter, terrain environment factor, by experiment and measured data into
Row fitting；
dsFor earth's surface inclinometer rod piece embedded depth；
Δ x is earth's surface tilt angle when landslide occurs.
2. the method that landslide surface inclination angle according to claim 1 is converted into displacement, which is characterized in that described in quantifying
Landslide surface inclination angle in step (3) and the relationship between displacement, so that it is determined that correction factor α.
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| CN107066771B (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-06-26 | 成都理工大学 | Horizontal-pushing type landslide movement distance calculation method and application |
| CN108802727B (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2021-01-15 | 长沙理工大学 | Time sequence InSAR (interferometric synthetic Aperture Radar) highway deformation monitoring model considering rheological parameters and calculating method |
| CN110346537B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-11-05 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for judging potential rock landslide based on construction uplift land block and landform bulge |
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