CN113417667A - Method for simply excavating and supporting multi-arch tunnel without pilot tunnel - Google Patents
Method for simply excavating and supporting multi-arch tunnel without pilot tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a simple excavation and supporting implementation method of a pilot tunnel-free multi-arch tunnel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) carrying out excavation and supporting on a tunnel; during implementation, the middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is prefabricated outside the hole in advance, after the middle partition wall column is excavated along with the previous hole, the prefabricated middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is accurately fixed at the position of the middle partition wall column, and the middle partition wall column is poured along with the support of the previous hole. The invention has the following characteristics: excavating directly along with the main tunnel without excavating a middle pilot tunnel; synchronously pouring the steel-structured concrete of the intermediate wall along with the excavation and primary support construction of the main tunnel; the intermediate wall post supports the customization of prefabricating factory outside the steel structure hole, simple structure, and the installation is quick.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a simple and rapid excavation and support implementation method suitable for double-arch or multi-arch tunnels with different sections of various surrounding rocks.
Background
The tunnel is divided into a main bridge and tunnel connecting structure, but in the construction of the double arch or multi-arch tunnel, the stability of the middle partition wall column determines the success rate of the construction of the double arch tunnel, and the middle partition excavating column and the lining are the controlled subsection projects of the bridge and tunnel connecting project.
The existing double-arch or multi-arch tunnel excavation characteristics are as follows:
1. most of multi-arch tunnels are constructed by adopting a medium pilot tunnel excavation method; excavating and penetrating a guide hole in the position of the middle partition wall column of the multi-arch tunnel in advance, then building the middle partition wall column from the middle part of the guide hole to the openings at two ends of the tunnel, excavating the front holes at two sides of the multi-arch tunnel after the middle partition wall column can bear the load, and constructing corresponding supporting structures. The middle pilot tunnel excavation method forms the middle partition wall column in the early stage, and basically prepares conditions for normal excavation according to the common tunnel.
The traditional double arch tunnel excavation construction process comprises the steps of advanced support construction, middle pilot tunnel excavation, middle partition wall concrete formwork erection, concrete pouring and maintenance, and main tunnel arch sheathing construction is carried out after the strength of the middle partition wall concrete reaches the design strength.
The construction period of the middle partition wall column is long, and the construction of the main tunnel arch sleeve cannot be parallel to the construction of the middle pilot tunnel.
The method for excavating the pilot tunnel in the multi-arch tunnel in advance has complex process, and after the excavation of the pilot tunnel is finished, concrete filling is carried out (steel structure) to form the artificial wall column, which has the following defects:
1) the section of the middle pilot tunnel is small, so that large-scale mechanical operation is inconvenient, and more manpower is inevitably input;
2) if the bare hole is excavated, the safety risk is high, and if the bare hole is supported, the operation space is necessarily narrower, so the operation condition is poor, and operators are easy to be irritated;
3) the top of the middle partition wall column is not easy to be connected with the top, and the supporting effect of the middle partition wall column is weakened;
4) cooling measures are adopted in large-scale concrete pouring, and the pouring of the intermediate wall column is not easy to adopt the cooling measures, so that the intermediate wall column has temperature cracks to influence the pouring quality, and the supporting effect is inevitably influenced;
5) the front side closing template is not easy, the pouring construction of the intermediate wall column is complicated, the working procedures are too many, the process is complex, and the overlapping construction joints are more, so that the supporting effect of the intermediate wall column is inevitably influenced;
6) supporting and excavating the two transverse sides of the middle pilot tunnel, and excavating the main tunnel to remove the excavation part, so that not only is the waste serious, but also the stability of the middle partition wall column is influenced;
7) drilling and blasting excavation or manual or mechanical excavation, shoveling and transporting and ventilation are difficult to operate due to the fact that the space of the pilot tunnel is narrow and is single;
8) the connecting position of the lining steel structure of the main tunnel and the embedded part of the middle partition wall column is easy to concentrate stress, the middle partition wall is easy to damage, and the lining steel structure of the main tunnel and the embedded part of the middle partition wall column are common in actual construction.
9) The problem of water leakage of the multi-arch tunnel is difficult to solve because water is easy to accumulate at the top of the mid-partition wall.
10) The construction speed is slow, the whole construction period is long, and the cost is high.
2. Middle partition wall column groove jumping excavation method for construction of few multi-arch tunnels
And performing ground pressure management by a mining method of a mine room pillar, excavating a front hole on one side of the multi-arch tunnel in advance, constructing primary support, excavating the septal rock pillar partition jumping slot along the strip, pouring the excavated part of the septal rock pillar for support, and excavating and lining the front hole on the other side of the common tunnel later.
The advantages are that: the construction procedures are reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated; the method has the following defects: when the partition wall pillar groove section is excavated by the partition jumping groove, the tunnel arch supporting structure at the same position is in a suspended state, so that the tunnel arch structure is easy to sink integrally, even the whole tunnel collapses, and a larger potential safety hazard is caused, and therefore, the tunnel arch supporting structure can be used only under a better surrounding rock condition; secondly, the adoption of the method has more longitudinal construction joints, and also influences the quality, stability and durability of the tunnel structure. At present, only individual multi-arch tunnels at home and abroad are constructed by adopting a middle partition wall column jumping trench excavation method.
3. Rapid construction method for large-section multi-arch tunnel of weak surrounding rock
The teacher of the university of Zhongnan, who executes Chenghua and the like invents a rapid construction method of a large-section multi-arch tunnel of soft surrounding rock, wherein in the tunnel construction process, the position of a pilot hole and a middle partition wall is synchronously excavated, the excavation of a cavern is carried out by adopting a double-side-wall pit guiding method, then a primary support and the middle partition wall are constructed, then secondary lining of the cavern is constructed, finally a positive hole at the other side of the multi-arch tunnel is excavated by adopting a single-side-wall pit guiding method, and a corresponding support structure is constructed. Compared with the traditional multi-arch tunnel construction method, the construction method does not need to firstly run through the middle pilot tunnel and construct the middle partition wall, and then excavate the two side main tunnels, thereby greatly accelerating the construction speed of the multi-arch tunnel, shortening the construction period and properly reducing the construction cost.
The method is characterized in that: the pilot tunnel double-side-wall pit guiding method is characterized in that a pilot tunnel is used for conducting abnormal excavation by the side wall of the middle separation rock pillar, the main tunnel on the other side is invaded, and the invaded part is inevitably cut off when a backward tunnel is excavated, so that the primary support treatment process is complex, the interference is strong, the stability of the middle separation rock pillar is influenced, and the support closed-loop process is also complex.
4. A full-section or step method pilot tunnel-free excavation method; still few adopt and have no pilot tunnel excavation method, adopt full section or step method excavation in step with the position of one side main cut and partition wall post of double arch tunnel in step, carry out preliminary bracing, then excavate the main cut of the opposite side and carry out corresponding supporting construction. The full-section or step method pilot tunnel-free excavation method is simple in process and fast in construction progress. But the chamber span is big, and the safety risk is high, and the tunnel is easy for collapsing, has very big potential safety hazard, consequently only uses in better country rock condition generally.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages, the present invention provides a simple and fast excavation and support implementation method for a tunnel without a pilot tunnel and multiple arches, that is, a simple and fast excavation and support implementation method suitable for various surrounding rocks with different cross sections and double arches or multiple arches.
The invention is realized in this way, construct a kind of non-pilot tunnel and arch the simple and direct excavation of tunnel and support the implementation method, characterized by that; during implementation, the middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is prefabricated outside the hole in advance, after the middle partition wall column is excavated along with the previous hole, the prefabricated middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is accurately fixed at the position of the middle partition wall column, and the middle partition wall column is poured along with the support of the previous hole.
The method for simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) excavating the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel; the middle partition wall column is divided into a curved middle wall and a straight middle wall, only the structural forms are different, the essence is consistent, and only the curved middle wall is lined with a closed loop, so that the mechanical property is better; when the method is implemented, the first excavation of the left and right holes is determined to be the same as that of the common tunnel, and the middle separation rock pillar and the first excavation are synchronous; the non-full-section excavation advance tunnel excavates mesophragma column side in advance, sets up the lag step appropriately, should follow the mesophragma column in time and pour the support, ensures construction safety, guarantees the excavation progress.
The middle partition wall column supports the steel structure and is prefabricated outside the tunnel, the construction progress of tunnel excavation and lining is not influenced, and the middle partition wall column pouring and the primary support lining of the main tunnel can be synchronously carried out; the backward tunnel can be pushed in a certain distance according to the construction lag of the common tunnel.
The method for simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel; the artificial middle partition wall column support is manufactured and installed as follows;
the strength of the supporting steel structure of the intermediate wall column is calculated according to the supporting force of the intermediate wall column by combining the mounting characteristics of the supporting steel structure of the intermediate wall column, and the supporting steel structure is manufactured in advance in a prefabrication field outside a tunnel;
the supporting steel structure for the middle separation rock column is accurately installed, so that the deviation in the construction process is avoided, and when a middle separation rock column foundation is excavated, the concave reference surface can be properly sunk or anchored in the up-down direction, so that the accurate positioning is ensured, and the supporting strength is ensured.
The method is characterized in that the method is the same as the primary support steel structure of the common tunnel, the primary support steel structure is conveyed to a supporting point position after being processed by a prefabrication factory outside the tunnel, is longitudinally welded with the previous cycle after being accurately positioned, is poured, is bolted with the primary support steel structure of the main tunnel through a connecting plate, and is primarily sprayed.
The method for simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel; the manual septal rock pillar excavation operation is as follows;
the method is the same as that of a common tunnel, and the excavation method is determined based on the occurrence, thickness and extension characteristics, lithological composition, rock physical and mechanical properties, stress state, hydrological conditions, local geological structure and tunnel section size of a surrounding rock stratum; excavating the pilot tunnel together with the middle rock pillar can be realized by a full-section excavating method or a self-supporting excavating method;
(1) and a full-section excavation method:
and (3) adapting to conditions: the full-section method is mainly suitable for I-III grade surrounding rock, and can be used for reinforcing stratum or small section by auxiliary construction measures such as grouting and the like, so that the grade of the surrounding rock can be properly reduced;
the drilling and blasting of the middle septate pillar are combined with the blasting sequence of the main tunnel, and the single drilling and blasting forming is carried out, wherein the blasting sequence is from the lower part to the upper part in a steep inclined way and from the main tunnel to the middle septate pillar; the vibration is large, and the detonation can be carried out hole by hole; and (5) carrying out radial system support and axial advance support after excavation.
(2) And a self-supporting excavation method: the step method, the single-double side wall pit guiding method or the middle partition wall method or the annular excavation core soil remaining method are all self-supporting excavation methods in nature; the self-supporting excavation method is suitable for occasions with poor geological conditions, unstable stratums, poor surrounding rocks (from IV to V types to soft soil), large ground pressure, large tunnel span, low flattening rate and tight settlement control, and is particularly suitable for double-line or multi-line tunnel construction;
aiming at the soft soil multi-arch tunnel, a tunnel comprising the middle partition wall column can be partially milled into a groove or a chamber by a manual or cantilever type tunneling machine or other machinery, the groove or the chamber is required to be subjected to system support and advance support in time, the middle partition wall column supporting steel structures are installed, and adjacent steel structures are longitudinally connected and poured in time;
and in the later stage, core soil is annularly excavated or milled and grooved according to the common tunnel, after an annular groove is formed in the arch part, the steel structure is supported in the arch part, bolted with the middle rock pillar steel structure through the connecting plate, and the radial system support and the advance support are followed. Under the protection of the primary support of the arch part, the core part is milled or excavated by manpower or a cantilever type tunneling machine and other machines. Constructing an inverted arch and rapidly connecting the inverted arch with the middle partition wall column and the primary support of the main hole to form a ring;
the step excavation method is changed into an L-shaped step excavation method so as to construct the middle partition wall column in advance.
The redundant space of the middle partition wall column position can be provided with a thin plate at the primary support side of the backward hole, and the thin plate is filled with recyclable sand or other objects which are easy to excavate and difficult to compress, so that the backward hole can be conveniently used as a secondary lining, and vibration isolation and vibration reduction are also performed for the drilling and blasting construction of the backward hole; finishing a primary support cycle, and arranging construction secondary lining operation;
the excavation of the large-span cavern in the hard rock stratum can also be realized by a self-supporting excavation method, and the core of the excavation method can be used for supporting a top arch and a side wall, so that temporary support is reduced, and even the excavation is completely avoided.
The method for simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) simply and quickly excavating and supporting the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel; for the construction of the double arch tunnels, when the construction of the first-row tunnel exceeds the first-row tunnel by a certain distance, the second-row tunnel can be pushed according to the common excavation;
for multi-arch tunnels, equal difference can be formed according to double-arch tunnels.
The invention has the following advantages: the invention is suitable for simple, quick and safe excavation and supporting of double-arch or multi-arch tunnels with different sections of various surrounding rocks:
1. and excavating without middle pilot tunnels.
2. The method is suitable for double-arch tunnels and multi-arch tunnel excavation and lining.
3. The method is suitable for rockburst rock stratums, large-deformation rock stratums and stable rock stratum multi-arch tunnel excavation and lining.
4. The method is suitable for excavating and lining the large-section double-arch or multi-arch tunnel with the small section.
5. The double-arch or multi-arch tunnel construction is based on the innovative improvement of common tunnel construction, and the change of the construction process is not easy to master.
6. The method has the advantages of no increase of an excavation opening, simple construction organization, strong suitability of large-scale equipment, large shoveling and transporting space and good ventilation condition as in the excavation and lining of the common tunnel.
7. The artificial middle partition wall column is well combined with main tunnel excavation and lining, particularly an inverted arch is perfectly closed like a common tunnel, and tunnel settlement and deformation are reduced.
8. The construction quality and safety are ensured by the construction process.
9. Not only shortens the construction period, but also reduces the construction cost.
10. The problem of mid-board infiltration is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a curved middle wall and a straight middle wall;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a straight and curved (thick and thin) middle partition wall column supporting steel structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a full face excavation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a radial system support after excavation;
FIG. 5 schematic diagram of excavation of L-shaped step at the lateral side of the rock separation column in the pilot tunnel
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a state where the steel structure of the intermediate wall column reduces temporary support.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a simple and rapid excavation method and a support implementation method suitable for double-arch or multi-arch tunnels with different sections of various surrounding rocks and different sizes through improvement, and the concrete implementation operation is as follows;
1. basic theory: the width of the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel septal rock column is 4.5m at the maximum, the width of the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel septal rock column is 2m at the minimum, the normal width of the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel septal rock column is 3m at the maximum, and the maximum section of the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel septal rock column is nearly 40m2Minimum approximately 20m2Typically approximately 30m3If the area of the straight middle wall is correspondingly smaller, the width of the tunnel of the two lanes is close to 12m, and the cross-sectional area is close to 100m2Total width of 27m and total section of 230m for multi-arch tunnel2The width of the three-lane tunnel is approximately 16.6m, and the cross-sectional area is approximately 170m2The total width of the multi-arch tunnel is near 37m, and the total section is near 370m2Therefore, the section of the middle-partition rock pillar is smaller than that of the tunnel, the outline of the exposed surface of the middle-partition rock pillar is far smaller than that of a stress arch or a stress ellipse finally formed by single hole or multi-arch tunnel excavation, and the deformation point is not reached, so that the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel excavation method suitable for different sections of various surrounding rocks is feasible in terms of geotechnical mechanics. The septal rock pillar adopts a prefabricated special supporting steel structure system, so that the multi-arch tunnel can be simply and quickly constructed.
The invention relates to a simple, rapid and safe excavation method and a support method suitable for double-arch or multi-arch tunnels with different sections of various surrounding rocks, which are essentially characterized in that middle partition wall column support steel structures are prefabricated outside a tunnel in advance, after the middle partition wall columns are excavated along with the preceding tunnel, the prefabricated middle partition wall column support steel structures are accurately fixed at the positions of the middle partition wall columns, and the middle partition wall columns are cast along with the support of the preceding tunnel.
2. The invention is characterized in that:
the main tunnel is directly excavated without excavating the middle pilot tunnel.
And (5) synchronously pouring the steel-structured concrete of the intermediate wall along with the excavation and primary support construction of the main tunnel.
The intermediate wall post supports the customization of prefabricating factory outside the steel structure hole, simple structure, and the installation is quick.
3. The steel structure needs accurate location, can anchor or sink mid-partition column basis from top to bottom with fixed mounting.
When the construction method of the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel and the primary support of the intermediate wall column are implemented;
the middle partition wall column is divided into a curved middle wall and a straight middle wall (as shown in figure 1), only the structural forms are different, the essence is consistent, and only the curved middle wall lining closed loop has better mechanical properties.
And determining that the prior excavation of the left and right holes is the same as that of the common tunnel, and the middle septal rock pillar and the prior hole are synchronous.
The non-full-section excavation advance tunnel excavates mesophragma column side in advance, sets up the lag step appropriately, should follow the mesophragma column in time and pour the support, ensures construction safety, guarantees the excavation progress.
The middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is prefabricated outside the tunnel, the construction progress of tunnel excavation lining is not influenced, and the middle partition wall column pouring can be carried out synchronously with the primary support lining of the main tunnel. The backward tunnel can be pushed in a certain distance according to the construction lag of the common tunnel.
Artificial middle partition wall column support making and mounting invention
The supporting steel structure strength of the middle partition wall column is calculated by combining the mounting characteristics of the supporting steel structure of the middle partition wall column according to the supporting force of the middle partition wall column, and the supporting steel structure strength is manufactured in advance in a prefabricated field outside a tunnel. As shown in fig. 2.
The supporting steel structure for the middle separation rock column is accurately installed, so that the deviation in the construction process is avoided, and when a middle separation rock column foundation is excavated, the concave reference surface can be properly sunk or anchored in the up-down direction, so that the accurate positioning is ensured, and the supporting strength is ensured.
The method is characterized in that the method is the same as the primary support steel structure of the common tunnel, the primary support steel structure is conveyed to a supporting point position after being processed by a prefabrication factory outside the tunnel, is longitudinally welded with the previous cycle after being accurately positioned, is poured, is bolted with the primary support steel structure of the main tunnel through a connecting plate, and is primarily sprayed.
(II) artificial septal rock pillar excavation method
The excavation method is determined based on the characteristics of the attitude, the thickness and the extension of the surrounding rock strata, the lithological composition, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, the stress state, the hydrological condition, the local geological structure and the size of the section of the tunnel as the common tunnel. The prior tunnel together with the middle rock pillar can be excavated by a full-section excavation method or a self-supporting excavation method.
1. A full-section excavation method:
and (3) adapting to conditions: the full-section method is mainly suitable for I-III grade surrounding rock, and can be used for reinforcing stratum or small section by auxiliary construction measures such as grouting and the like, so that the grade of the surrounding rock can be properly reduced. As shown in fig. 3.
The drilling and blasting of the middle septate pillar are combined with the initiation sequence of the main tunnel, the drilling and blasting are formed at one time, and the initiation sequence is from a lower steep incline to an upper direction and from the main tunnel to the middle septate pillar.
The vibration is large, and the detonation can be carried out hole by hole.
And (5) carrying out radial system support and axial advance support after excavation. As shown in fig. 4.
2. Self-supporting excavation:
the single-side wall and double-side wall pit guiding method, the middle partition wall method or the annular excavation core soil retaining method are self-supporting excavation methods in nature;
the self-supporting excavation method is suitable for occasions with poor geological conditions, unstable stratums, poor surrounding rocks (from IV to V types to soft soil), large ground pressure, large tunnel span, low flattening rate and tight settlement control, and is particularly suitable for double-line or multi-line tunnel construction.
Aiming at the soft soil multi-arch tunnel, a groove or a chamber can be partially milled into the tunnel comprising the middle partition wall pillar by a manual or cantilever type tunneling machine or other machinery, the groove or the chamber is required to be subjected to system support and advance support in time, the middle partition wall pillar supporting steel structures are installed, and adjacent steel structures are longitudinally connected and poured in time.
And in the later stage, core soil is annularly excavated or milled and grooved according to the common tunnel, after an annular groove is formed in the arch part, the steel structure is supported in the arch part, bolted with the middle rock pillar steel structure through the connecting plate, and the radial system support and the advance support are followed. Under the protection of the primary support of the arch part, the core part is milled or excavated by manpower or a cantilever type tunneling machine and other machines. Constructing an inverted arch and rapidly connecting the inverted arch with the middle partition wall column and the primary branch of the main hole to form a ring.
The step excavation method is changed into an 'L' -shaped step excavation method, so that the middle partition wall column is constructed in advance as shown in figure 5.
The redundant space of well mesophragma position can be in the hole of back side setting sheet metal, packs recoverable, easy excavation, difficult compressed object sand or other article, is convenient for the hole of back to construct and is done two linings, also falls the vibration for the hole of back drilling and blasting construction vibration isolation simultaneously.
And finishing a primary support cycle, and arranging construction secondary lining operation.
The excavation of the large-span cavern in the hard rock stratum can also be realized by a self-supporting excavation method, and the core of the excavation method can be used for supporting a top arch and a side wall, so that temporary support is reduced, and even the excavation is completely avoided. As shown in fig. 6.
The construction process of the double-arch or multi-arch tunnel comprises the following steps:
for the construction of the double arch tunnels, when the construction of the first tunnel exceeds the first tunnel by a certain distance, the second tunnel can be pushed according to the common excavation.
For the multi-arch tunnel, the tunnel can be sequentially pushed according to the advanced holes by drawing the double-arch tunnel at equal distances, and can also be constructed according to the advanced holes by jumping grids at certain distances.
The invention is suitable for simple, quick and safe excavation and supporting of double-arch or multi-arch tunnels with different sections of various surrounding rocks:
1. and excavating without middle pilot tunnels.
2. The method is suitable for double-arch tunnels and multi-arch tunnel excavation and lining.
3. The method is suitable for rockburst rock stratums, large-deformation rock stratums and stable rock stratum multi-arch tunnel excavation and lining.
4. The method is suitable for excavating and lining the large-section double-arch or multi-arch tunnel with the small section.
5. The double-arch or multi-arch tunnel construction is based on the innovative improvement of common tunnel construction, and the change of the construction process is not easy to master.
6. The method has the advantages of no increase of an excavation opening, simple construction organization, strong suitability of large-scale equipment, large shoveling and transporting space and good ventilation condition as in the excavation and lining of the common tunnel.
7. The artificial middle partition wall column is well combined with main tunnel excavation and lining, particularly an inverted arch is perfectly closed like a common tunnel, and tunnel settlement and deformation are reduced.
8. The construction quality and safety are ensured by the construction process.
9. Not only shortens the construction period, but also reduces the construction cost.
10. The problem of mid-board infiltration is solved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A simple excavation and supporting implementation method of a pilot tunnel-free multi-arch tunnel is characterized in that; during implementation, the middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is prefabricated outside the hole in advance, after the middle partition wall column is excavated along with the previous hole, the prefabricated middle partition wall column supporting steel structure is accurately fixed at the position of the middle partition wall column, and the middle partition wall column is poured along with the support of the previous hole.
2. The method for implementing simple and rapid excavation and support of double-arch or multi-arch tunnels suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections and different sizes is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1); the middle partition wall column is divided into a curved middle wall and a straight middle wall, only the structural forms are different, the essence is consistent, and only the curved middle wall is lined with a closed loop, so that the mechanical property is better; when the method is implemented, the first excavation of the left and right holes is determined to be the same as that of the common tunnel, and the middle separation rock pillar and the first excavation are synchronous; excavating a pilot tunnel on the non-full section, excavating the side of the mesophase rock column in advance, properly setting a lag step, and timely following the mesophase rock column for pouring and supporting to ensure construction safety and excavation progress;
the middle partition wall column supports the steel structure and is prefabricated outside the tunnel, the construction progress of tunnel excavation and lining is not influenced, and the middle partition wall column pouring and the primary support lining of the main tunnel can be synchronously carried out; the backward tunnel can be pushed in a certain distance according to the construction lag of the common tunnel.
3. The method for implementing simple and rapid excavation and support of double-arch or multi-arch tunnels suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections and different sizes is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1); the artificial middle partition wall column support is manufactured and installed as follows;
the strength of the supporting steel structure of the intermediate wall column is calculated according to the supporting force of the intermediate wall column by combining the mounting characteristics of the supporting steel structure of the intermediate wall column, and the supporting steel structure is manufactured in advance in a prefabrication field outside a tunnel;
the supporting steel structure of the middle separation rock column is accurately installed, so that the deviation in the construction process is avoided, and when a foundation of the middle separation rock column is excavated, the concave reference surface can be properly sunk or anchored up and down, so that the accurate positioning is ensured, and the supporting strength is ensured; the method is characterized in that the method is the same as the primary support steel structure of the common tunnel, after the primary support steel structure is processed outside the tunnel, the primary support steel structure is conveyed to a supporting point position, after the primary support steel structure is accurately positioned, the primary support steel structure is longitudinally welded with the previous cycle, pouring is carried out, and meanwhile, the primary support steel structure is bolted with the primary support steel structure of the main tunnel and then primary spraying is carried out.
4. The method for implementing simple and rapid excavation and support of double-arch or multi-arch tunnels suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections and different sizes is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1); the manual septal rock pillar excavation operation is as follows;
the method is the same as that of a common tunnel, and the excavation method is determined based on the occurrence, thickness and extension characteristics, lithological composition, rock physical and mechanical properties, stress state, hydrological conditions, local geological structure and tunnel section size of a surrounding rock stratum; excavating the pilot tunnel together with the middle rock pillar can be realized by a full-section excavating method or a self-supporting excavating method;
(1) and a full-section excavation method:
and (3) adapting to conditions: the full-section method is mainly suitable for I-III grade surrounding rock, and can be used for reinforcing stratum or small section by auxiliary construction measures such as grouting and the like, so that the grade of the surrounding rock can be properly reduced;
the drilling and blasting construction of the mesophragma column is combined with the initiation sequence of the main tunnel, and the mesophragma column is formed by drilling and blasting at one time, wherein the initiation sequence is from a lower part to a steep incline upwards and from the main tunnel to the mesophragma column; the vibration is large, and the detonation can be carried out hole by hole; after excavation, carrying out radial system support and axial advance support;
(2) and a self-supporting excavation method: the step method, the single-double side wall pit guiding method or the middle partition wall method or the annular excavation core soil remaining method are all self-supporting excavation methods in nature; the self-supporting excavation method is suitable for occasions with poor geological conditions, unstable stratums, poor surrounding rocks (from IV to V types to soft soil), large ground pressure, large tunnel span, low flattening rate and tight settlement control, and is particularly suitable for double-line or multi-line tunnel construction;
aiming at the soft soil multi-arch tunnel, a tunnel comprising the middle partition wall column can be partially milled into a groove or a chamber by a manual or cantilever type tunneling machine or other machinery, the groove or the chamber is required to be subjected to system support and advance support in time, the middle partition wall column supporting steel structures are installed, and adjacent steel structures are longitudinally connected and poured in time;
in the later stage, annular excavation or milling grooving is carried out according to the core soil reserved in the common tunnel, after an annular groove is formed in the arch part, a steel structure is supported in the tunnel, bolted connection is carried out between the steel structure and the middle rock pillar through a connecting plate, and a radial system support and an advance support are followed;
under the protection of the primary support of the arch part, milling or excavating a core part by using manual work or a cantilever type tunneling machine and other machinery;
constructing an inverted arch and rapidly connecting the inverted arch with the middle partition wall column and the primary support of the main hole to form a ring;
the step excavation method is changed into an L-shaped step excavation method so as to construct the middle partition wall column in advance;
the redundant space of the middle partition wall column position can be provided with a thin plate at the primary support side of the backward hole, and the thin plate is filled with recyclable sand or other objects which are easy to excavate and difficult to compress, so that the backward hole can be conveniently used as a secondary lining, and vibration isolation and vibration reduction are also performed for the drilling and blasting construction of the backward hole;
finishing a primary support cycle, and arranging construction secondary lining operation;
the excavation of the large-span cavern in the hard rock stratum can also be realized by a self-supporting excavation method, and the core of the excavation can also be used for supporting a top arch and a side wall, so that temporary support is reduced, and even the excavation is completely avoided.
5. The method for implementing simple and rapid excavation and support of double-arch or multi-arch tunnels suitable for various surrounding rocks with different sections and different sizes is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1); for the construction of the double arch tunnels, when the construction of the first-row tunnel exceeds the first-row tunnel by a certain distance, the second-row tunnel can be pushed according to the common excavation;
for the multi-arch tunnel, the tunnel can be sequentially pushed according to the advanced holes by drawing the double-arch tunnel at equal distances, and can also be constructed according to the advanced holes by jumping grids at certain distances.
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