CN113411104A - Large-scale MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder design method and device - Google Patents
Large-scale MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder design method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method and a device of a large-scale MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder with low complexity. According to the method, according to known channel matrix information, a greedy algorithm and phase matching are utilized to realize the design of a simulated precoder; and designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder. The method can complete the design of the hybrid precoder of the dynamic sub-connection structure with lower complexity, and can achieve higher spectral efficiency and energy efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a method and a device for designing a hybrid precoder of a large-scale MIMO transmitter.
Background
Hybrid precoding divides precoding of a large-scale MIMO system into two parts of analog precoding and digital precoding, and can drive a large number of antennas by fewer radio frequency links, so that compromise between high spectrum efficiency and low energy consumption can be achieved, and the hybrid precoding is one of key technologies in the field of 5G wireless communication, especially millimeter wave communication. Most of typical hybrid precoding structures are fixed structures, such as full-connection and fixed-sub connection structures shown in fig. 1(a) and 1(b), which have been fully developed and substantially reach the upper limit of theoretical performance.
The dynamic sub-link is a new hybrid precoding structure, and the flexibility of the precoding structure can be improved by switching the connection relationship between the radio frequency link and the antenna through a switch. The dynamic sub-connection structure not only absorbs the advantage of high energy efficiency of the traditional sub-connection structure, but also can dynamically adjust the connection relation according to the real-time channel state information, so that the dynamic sub-connection structure can have higher spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, and is gradually becoming an alternative scheme for further optimization of a hybrid precoding transmitter in recent years.
The existing research aiming at the dynamic sub-connection is less, most of the given design schemes have higher complexity and are difficult to apply, and further optimization is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a hybrid precoder of a massive MIMO transmitter, which can achieve fast design of a hybrid precoder in a dynamic sub-connection mode and has high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a hybrid precoder design apparatus for massive MIMO transmitters.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a method for designing a hybrid precoder for a massive MIMO transmitter, including:
designing a simulation precoder by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information;
and according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder, designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm.
According to the design method of the mixed precoder of the large-scale MIMO transmitter, a greedy algorithm and phase matching are utilized to design a simulated precoder according to the known channel matrix information; and according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder, designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm. Therefore, the hybrid precoder under the dynamic sub-connection mode can be rapidly designed, and the frequency spectrum efficiency and the energy efficiency are higher.
In addition, the hybrid precoder design method for a massive MIMO transmitter according to the above embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder is divided by the rf link into an analog precoder for connecting the rf link and the transmit antenna, and a digital precoder for connecting the data stream and the rf link, where the analog precoder is a dynamic sub-connection structure capable of adjusting the connection relationship between the antennas and the rf link, and is composed of a dynamic connection network composed of switches and a constant modulus phase shifter at the antennas.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the equivalent channel information is:
wherein,
in order to be a known channel matrix, the channel matrix,
to simulate a precoder matrix, NRNumber of antennas of receiver, NTNumber of antennas of transmitter, NRFIs the number of radio frequency links between the transmitter and the receiver.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder and the channel matrix are complex-domain models.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder takes optimization of the spectral efficiency given by shannon's formula under the condition of additive white gaussian noise as an optimization target, and takes limited transmit power and a dynamic sub-link structure as constraints.
In order to achieve the above object, another embodiment of the present invention provides a hybrid precoder designing apparatus for a massive MIMO transmitter, including:
the first design module is used for designing a simulation precoder by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information;
and the second design module is used for realizing the design of the digital precoder by utilizing a water injection algorithm according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder.
According to the device for designing the hybrid precoder of the large-scale MIMO transmitter, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, a simulated precoder is designed by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information; and according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder, designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm. Therefore, the hybrid precoder under the dynamic sub-connection mode can be rapidly designed, and the frequency spectrum efficiency and the energy efficiency are higher.
In addition, the massive MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder designing apparatus according to the above-described embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder is divided by the rf link into an analog precoder for connecting the rf link and the transmit antenna, and a digital precoder for connecting the data stream and the rf link, where the analog precoder is a dynamic sub-connection structure capable of adjusting the connection relationship between the antennas and the rf link, and is composed of a dynamic connection network composed of switches and a constant modulus phase shifter at the antennas.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the equivalent channel information is:
wherein,
in order to be a known channel matrix, the channel matrix,
to simulate a precoder matrix, NRNumber of antennas of receiver, NTNumber of antennas of transmitter, NRFIs the number of radio frequency links between the transmitter and the receiver.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder and the channel matrix are complex-domain models.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder takes optimization of the spectral efficiency given by shannon's formula under the condition of additive white gaussian noise as an optimization target, and takes limited transmit power and a dynamic sub-link structure as constraints.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of three hybrid precoding structures;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for designing a hybrid precoder for a massive MIMO transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectral efficiency performance simulation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy efficiency performance simulation according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid precoder design apparatus of a massive MIMO transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a method and an apparatus for designing a hybrid precoder for a massive MIMO transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, a mixed precoder of a massive MIMO transmitter proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where N is the number of data streams to be transmittedsThe number of RF links of the transmitter and the receiver is NRFThe number of antennas of the receiver is NRThe number of antennas of the transmitter is NT. To make the method more specific, embodiments assume that the number of antennas of the transmitter is M times the number of radio frequency links, i.e. NT＝MNRFThe number of antennas connected with each radio frequency link of the transmitter is fixed as M; the receiver using an all-digital receiver, i.e. NRF＝NRAnd each receiver antenna uniquely corresponds to a radio frequency link with the same label.
In order to be a known channel matrix, the channel matrix,
in order to model the precoder matrix,
for the digital precoder matrix, the total transmit power is set to
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for designing a hybrid precoder for a massive MIMO transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for designing a hybrid precoder for a massive MIMO transmitter comprises the following steps:
and step S1, designing a simulated precoder by using a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure adopted by the present invention is that the hybrid precoder with dynamic sub-link structure shown in fig. 1(c) is divided into two parts, namely an analog precoder for connecting the radio frequency link and the transmitting antenna and a digital precoder for connecting the data stream and the radio frequency link, the analog precoder is a dynamic sub-link structure capable of adjusting the connection relationship between the antenna and the radio frequency link, and the dynamic link network composed of switches and the constant modulus phase shifter at the antenna are formed.
Further, the hybrid precoder and the channel matrix are complex-domain models, the hybrid precoder takes the spectral efficiency given by a shannon formula under the condition of optimizing additive white gaussian noise as an optimization target, and takes the limited transmitting power and the dynamic sub-connection structure as constraint conditions.
S101, initializing the analog precoder as
The antenna number used for recording each radio frequency link is distributed to;
the radio frequency link sequence number set of the antenna can be continuously distributed; and i is 1, which is the antenna serial number to be allocated currently.
S102，
S103，
S104，
S105, if
Equal to M, thenThe allocation of antennas to the radio frequency links will be disabled in the following allocation procedure
Namely, it is
S106, if i<NTIf the analog precoder is designed, i is i +1, and operations S102 to S106 are repeated until the analog precoder is designed, that is, i is NT。
Through the processes from S101 to S106, antenna array segmentation and phase shifter design can be completed simultaneously, thereby obtaining the design result of the analog precoder.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, as described above, N is assumed in step S102 and step S103RF＝NRAt this time, the receiver adopts a full digital receiver, and each receiving antenna uniquely corresponds to the radio frequency link with the same label, so that the conversion of the labels of the receiving antennas and the radio frequency link is not required in the process from step S102 to step S103. However, the present invention is also applicable to other situations, as long as the corresponding relationship between the receiving antenna and the rf link can be established (for example, the receiver adopts a fixed sub-connection structure), the method of the present invention can still work normally, and only one step needs to be added between step S102 and step S103
Mapping to radio frequency link serial number m, and replacing all the following steps with m
That is, the description is omitted.
In steps S104 and S105, it is assumed that the number of connectable antennas of each rf link is fixed to M, but the present invention can be easily applied to other assumed situations, for example, if it is not necessary to ensure that each rf link is valid, only steps S104 and S105 need to be removed; if only each radio frequency link is expected to be connected with at least one antenna, the number of the remaining antennas is only required to be equal to the number of the radio frequency links which are not connected with the antennasWhen it is equal, shrink
Is a set of radio frequency links with unconnected antennas. Here, only a simple case of fixing the number of antennas connected to each rf link to M is given.
And step S2, designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm according to the equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder.
Further, the equivalent channel can be expressed as:
if the assumption in this embodiment is adopted, it can be further simplified to
It will be appreciated that this assumption is not necessary and is merely used as an example of an analog precoder to explain the present invention.
Let the singular value decomposition result of the equivalent channel be Heff＝UΛVHLet λ bes(Heff) Λ (s, s) represents the s-th singular value of the equivalent channel, let P be a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements represent the values of the water-filling power allocation, of
Wherein x+＝max(0,x)，
Representing the noise power, μ satisfies:
in the actual calculation process, an iterative method is usually adopted, that is, it is assumed that each path of power distribution is greater than 0, μ is solved, then each path of power is solved, if not, the minimum eigenvalue is subtracted, and otherwise, a final digital precoder design result is obtained. The iterative process is repeated to obtain the result of power distribution. Then, we can obtain the expression of the digital precoder as:
in summary, through steps S101 and S102, we can obtain a complete hybrid precoder design, i.e., FEFAnd FBB。
In terms of complexity, the method of the invention is used for designing the hybrid precoder for one time, and the required computational complexity is
While the typical dynamic sub-join algorithm has a computational complexity of
With the usual parameter NT＝128，NRFAs an example, the design method provided by the present invention only occupies about 2% of the computational complexity of a typical dynamic sub-join algorithm, and therefore has a high practical value.
The analog precoder design part is simpler to operate, and the digital precoder design part involves lower matrix dimensionality, so that the complexity is lower overall. Meanwhile, the simulation verification results shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4 can prove that the algorithm indeed has good spectral efficiency and energy efficiency performance, wherein the simulation parameters in fig. 3 are set to 8 data streams, a receiver and a transmitter both have 8 radio frequency links, the transmitter has 128 antennas, the receiver has 8 antennas, and a channel model is a Saleh-valencuelia model with 12 paths; fig. 4 sets simulation parameters to 8 data streams, the receiver and the transmitter both have 8 rf links, the receiver has 8 antennas, the SNR is 10dB, and the channel model is a Saleh-valencia model with 12 paths.
Further, the embodiment of the present invention has very good performance when the channel is a millimeter wave channel described by the Saleh-Valenzuela model, and the receiver is an all-digital receiver (the number of receiver antennas is equal to the number of radio frequency links), but the method proposed by the present invention does not depend on this, and can still work normally in other situations.
According to the design method of the mixed precoder of the large-scale MIMO transmitter, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the simulated precoder is designed by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information; and designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder. Therefore, the hybrid precoder under the dynamic sub-connection mode can be rapidly designed, and the frequency spectrum efficiency and the energy efficiency are higher.
Next, a hybrid precoder designing apparatus of a massive MIMO transmitter proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid precoder design apparatus of a massive MIMO transmitter according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the massive MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder designing apparatus includes: a first design module 501 and a second design module 502.
A first design module 501, configured to design a simulated precoder by using a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to known channel matrix information.
A second design module 502, configured to implement design of the digital precoder by using a water-filling algorithm according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder is divided by the rf link into an analog precoder for connecting the rf link to the transmit antenna and a digital precoder for connecting the data stream to the rf link, the analog precoder is a dynamic sub-connection structure capable of adjusting the connection relationship between the antennas and the rf link, and the dynamic connection network is composed of switches and a constant modulus phase shifter at the antennas.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the equivalent channel information is:
wherein,
in order to be a known channel matrix, the channel matrix,
to simulate a precoder matrix, NRNumber of antennas of receiver, NTNumber of antennas of transmitter, NRFIs the number of radio frequency links between the transmitter and the receiver.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder and the channel matrix are complex-domain models.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hybrid precoder takes optimization of the spectral efficiency given by shannon's formula under the condition of additive white gaussian noise as an optimization target, and takes limited transmit power and a dynamic sub-link structure as constraints.
It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the method embodiment is also applicable to the apparatus of this embodiment, and is not repeated herein.
According to the device for designing the hybrid precoder of the large-scale MIMO transmitter, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the precoder is simulated by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information; and according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder, designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm. Therefore, the hybrid precoder under the dynamic sub-connection mode can be rapidly designed, and the frequency spectrum efficiency and the energy efficiency are higher.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A design method for a hybrid precoder of a massive MIMO transmitter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing a simulation precoder by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information;
and according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder, designing the digital precoder by using a water injection algorithm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid precoder is divided by the rf link into an analog precoder for connecting the rf link to the transmit antenna and a digital precoder for connecting the data stream to the rf link, and the analog precoder is a dynamic sub-link structure for adjusting the connection between the antennas and the rf link, and is composed of a dynamic connection network of switches and a constant modulus phase shifter at the antennas.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the equivalent channel information is:
wherein,
in order to be a known channel matrix, the channel matrix,
to simulate a precoder matrix, NRNumber of antennas of receiver, NTNumber of antennas of transmitter, NRFIs the number of radio frequency links between the transmitter and the receiver.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid precoder and the channel matrix are complex-domain models.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hybrid precoder aims to optimize the spectral efficiency given by the shannon formula under additive white gaussian noise conditions, and is constrained by limited transmit power and a dynamic sub-connection structure.
6. A massive MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder design apparatus, comprising:
the first design module is used for designing a simulation precoder by utilizing a greedy algorithm and phase matching according to the known channel matrix information;
and the second design module is used for realizing the design of the digital precoder by utilizing a water injection algorithm according to equivalent channel information formed by the channel matrix and the analog precoder.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hybrid precoder is divided by the radio frequency link into an analog precoder for connecting the radio frequency link to the transmit antenna and a digital precoder for connecting the data stream to the radio frequency link, and the analog precoder is a dynamic sub-connection structure for adjusting the connection relationship between the antennas and the radio frequency link, and is composed of a dynamic connection network composed of switches and a constant modulus phase shifter at the antennas.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the equivalent channel information is:
wherein,
in order to be a known channel matrix, the channel matrix,
to simulate a precoder matrix, NRNumber of antennas of receiver, NTNumber of antennas of transmitter, NRFIs the number of radio frequency links between the transmitter and the receiver.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hybrid precoder and the channel matrix are models of complex fields.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hybrid precoder aims to optimize the spectral efficiency given by Shannon's formula under an additive white Gaussian noise condition, and is constrained by a limited transmit power and a dynamic sub-connection structure.
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