CN109714091A - A kind of iterative mixing method for precoding in millimeter wave mimo system based on hierarchical design - Google Patents
A kind of iterative mixing method for precoding in millimeter wave mimo system based on hierarchical design Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The iterative mixing method for precoding that the invention discloses a kind of in millimeter wave mimo system based on hierarchical design.The millimeter wave mixing method for precoding includes: step a: establishing the mixing precoding problem model of millimeter-wave systems；Step b: introducing the thought of hierarchical design, and logarithmic mode mixing precoding is designed；Step c: assuming that known preferred simulates precoding, digital precode is designed to further increase the spectrum efficiency of system；Step d: proposing the layout strategy of iterative solution, and derives the optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding；Step e: optimal digital precode matrix and simulation pre-coding matrix are exported.In millimeter wave mimo system, the invention proposes a kind of iterative mixing method for precoding based on hierarchical design can be close to the system performance without constraint digital precode to realize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication fields, more particularly to the iterative mixing in millimeter wave MIMO based on hierarchical design is pre-
Coding method.
Background technique
With the rapid development of mobile intelligent terminal being constantly progressive with mobile Internet, people are to wireless network capacitance
Demand is growing day by day.In order to meet the needs of people are to mobile Internet and its service environment, next generation mobile communication technology
(5G) will be devoted to framework one ubiquitous, the full spectrum information ecosystem of all things on earth interconnection, and be promoted in a manner of intelligentized
Into the transition of social economy's body, the productivity and sustainable developability of country are improved.Compared to previous generation mobile communication system
(4G), 5G needs to be suitable for more scenes, and provides the user with more ultimate attainment experience.On November 10th, 2017, China exists
It takes the lead in issuing the frequency usage planning in the Mid Frequency of 3000-5000MHz of 5G system in the world, while pointing out that 5G system is also required to
It works in high band (24GHz or more millimeter wave frequency band) and low-frequency range (3000MHz or less frequency range), to meet user to high-performance
Pursuit.In this context, there is the millimeter wave frequency band of abundant frequency spectrum resource to be increasingly becoming industry coke concerned by people
Point.
However, serious path loss becomes urgent problem to be solved in millimetre-wave attenuator research.Fortunately millimetre wavelength
It is shorter, corresponding antenna element can dense arrangement in a smaller space, to form large-scale antenna array, therefore can be with
The serious path loss of millimeter wave frequency band is fought using the beam gain that extensive antenna is formed, while can also be used based on big
The precoding technique of scale antenna improves the spectrum efficiency of system.In traditional mimo system, digital precoding be
Baseband portion is completed by digital encoder, by the data flow of coding can be converted by rf chain radio frequency analog signal and by
Antenna is emitted.Under this configuration, it needs all to be equipped with a rf chain for every antenna, system can work normally.
When number of antennas is less, this structure can effectively utilize digital precode to obtain beam forming gain.But in milli
In metric wave communication system, antenna amount is significantly increased, if still using the processing mode of digital precode, required rf chain
Quantity can also obviously increase, excessively high so as to cause the energy consumption and hardware cost of system.Therefore, it is proposed in millimeter-wave systems
Mixing precoding structure, to solve the above problems.In this scheme, mixing precoding can use less rf chain will
It is converted into analog signal via the signal that digital precode is handled and is transferred to analog encoder to be further processed, to be formed
The baseband transmission signal that can be transmitted, to complete the process of mixing precoding.
Existing mixing precoding research achievement is retrieved and is found, many pertinent literatures point out that mixing precoding is millimeter wave
One of key technology of communication.In fact, the key of mixing precoding problem is to solve non-convex excellent of simulation pre-coding matrix
Change problem.Therefore, what mixing precoding needed primary study is under permanent modular constraint, and how design simulation pre-coding matrix is asked
Topic.What Omar El Ayach etc. was delivered on IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications in 2014
Spatially sparse precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems takes the lead in that precoding will be mixed
Problem is equivalent to Euclidean distance minimum optimization problem, proposes the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm based on array response vector, is allowed to
Simplify the mixing Precoding Design scheme with permanent modular constraint.Although the algorithm can obtain preferable system performance, by
Inversion operation in algorithm, so that implementation complexity is relatively high.Wei-Lun Hung, Hussein Seleem, J.Chen etc.
People further studies codebook-based low complex degree mixing precoding algorithms, and in these algorithms, the design of analog portion is
It is completed according to preset code book, such as array response code book, DFT code book etc..It is heuristic other than codebook-based algorithm
Mixing precoding algorithms are also one of the important directions of research.The IEEE Journal of in 2016 such as Xianghao Yu
The Alternating minimization delivered on Selected Topics in Signal Processing
It is prelisted in algorithms for hybrid precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems according to simulation
Permanent modular constraint in code problem defines corresponding Riemann manifold, proposes the mixing precoding algorithms based on conjugate gradient method,
However its search process has still resulted in higher complexity.Second of partially connected architecture, i.e., each rf chain and part day
Line is connected.Xinyu Gao etc. was in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications in 2016
Deliver Energy-Efficient Hybrid Analog and Digital Precoding for MmWave MIMO
Systems With Large Antenna Arrays is proposed according to the thought of multiuser signal detection technology based on continuous
The mixing precoding algorithms of Interference Cancellation.Assume that digital precode matrix is diagonal matrix and only provides power point in the algorithm
Match, therefore will lead to certain performance loss.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks described above of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of iterative mixings based on hierarchical design
Method for precoding, it is intended to solve in millimeter wave mimo system, improve asking for system spectral efficiency using mixing precoding technique
Topic.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical scheme that
A kind of iterative mixing method for precoding in millimeter wave mimo system based on hierarchical design, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 establishes the mixing precoding problem model of millimeter-wave systems；
Step 2 introduces the thought of hierarchical design, and logarithmic mode mixing precoding is designed；
Step 3 assumes the simulation precoding of known preferred, designs digital precode to further increase the frequency spectrum of system
Efficiency；
Step 4 proposes the layout strategy of iterative solution, and derives the approximate optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding；
Step 5 exports optimal digital precode and simulation pre-coding matrix.
Technical solution used in the embodiment of the present invention further include: the mixing precoding model in the step one are as follows:
In above-mentioned formula, FRFRespectively indicate simulation precoding.FBBIndicate digital precode.Because it is logical for simulating precoding
Cross phase shifter realization, it is therefore necessary to meet the constraint of permanent mould, i.e., | FRF(i, j) |=1.In addition,Indicate hair
Penetrate the power constraint at end, NsFor data fluxion.
Technical solution used in the embodiment of the present invention further include: in the step two, the thought of hierarchical design is introduced, if
Count millimeter wave mixing precoding.Specifically, it assumes initially that known analog precoding, designs digital precode.Secondly, based on
The digital precode acquired, design simulation pre-coding matrix.
Technical solution used in the embodiment of the present invention further include: in the step three, it is assumed that known analog precoding, if
Digital precode is counted to improve the spectrum efficiency of system.In order to be further simplified the design of mixing precoding, and in power constraint
Lower decoupling number and simulation precoding, it will be assumed thatWhereinDummy variable, then digital precode
Design may be expressed as:
In formula,It is defined as an equivalent channel matrix.Since above formula only has a variable,
We can use water-filling algorithm and acquire dummy variable
Wherein, VeIndicate the preceding N of the right singular matrix of equivalent channel matrixsColumn.PeIndicate diagonal matrix, diagonal element
It is the power distributed by every data stream.Therefore, digital precode matrix may be expressed as:
Technical solution used in the embodiment of the present invention further include: in the step 4, propose the layout strategy of iterative solution,
And derive the approximate optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding.According to the conclusion in existing document, when antenna number tends to be infinitely great
When, simulation precoder meetsTherefore, in the case where the quantity of rf chain is equal to data fluxion, optimal number
Word pre-coding matrix meetsCorresponding simulation Precoding Design may be expressed as:
Due to F in above formulaRFColumn arrangement will not changeAs a result, therefore can willIt is rewritten as
In formula, (FRF)-jFor FRFRemove jth column fjSubmatrix afterwards.Therefore, the design for simulating precoding can further be changed
Letter are as follows:
In formula, we are definedFor companion matrix.If chosen suitable first
Beginning matrix FRFAnd assume (FRF)-jBe it is fixed, simulation precoding optimization problem can be decomposed into a series of sons and asked by us
Topic, and j-th of subproblem may be expressed as:
The above formula can be simplified further as:
We define an intermediary matrixThe principal function of above formula can be reduced to
F in formulaj(- i) indicates to remove fjI-th of element fj(i) vector.Mj(- i ,-i) indicates to remove matrix MjI-th
The submatrix of the i-th column element of row.According to above formula, for fj(i) design may be expressed as:
Accordingly, with respect to fj(i) optimal closed solutions may be expressed as:
In formula, for arbitrary complex variable x, have
Therefore, it is based on fj(i) optimal solution, we can acquire optimal simulation pre-coding matrix using the method for iteration.
Technical solution used in the embodiment of the present invention further include: in the step four, export digital precode FBBWith
Simulate precoding FRF。
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that precoding structural block diagram is mixed in the millimeter wave mimo system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention based on the Performance Simulation Results contrast schematic diagram under narrow band channel；
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention based on the Performance Simulation Results contrast schematic diagram under broad-band channel；
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention based on the number of iterations simulation result schematic diagram；
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and embodiment,
The present invention is further described in detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain this hair
It is bright, do not limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention uses the millimeter wave mimo system of mixed structure, and the structure of antenna is shared day knot
Structure.Transmitting terminal hasA rf chain number, NtRoot antenna；Receiving end hasA rf chain number, NrRoot antenna, transmitting terminal and reception
End passes through NsA data stream is communicated, and the relationship of three is: As shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment one: first against narrow band channel, the application principle of millimeter wave mixing Precoding Design is described.
In order to solve the problems, such as to mix precoding in millimeter wave mimo system, we devise a kind of changing based on hierarchical design
Generation mixing method for precoding, the flow chart of the case study on implementation are as shown in Figure 2.The following steps are included:
Step 1 establishes the mixing precoding problem model of millimeter-wave systems；
Step 2 introduces the thought of hierarchical design, and logarithmic mode mixing precoding is designed；
Step 3 assumes the simulation precoding of known preferred, designs digital precode to further increase the frequency spectrum of system
Efficiency；
Step 4 proposes the layout strategy of iterative solution, and derives the approximate optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding；
Step 5 exports optimal digital precode and simulation pre-coding matrix.
Step 1 establishes millimeter wave mixing precoding problem model, objective function based on narrowband channel model are as follows:
In above-mentioned formula, FRFRespectively indicate simulation precoding.FBBIndicate digital precode.Because it is logical for simulating precoding
Cross phase shifter realization, it is therefore necessary to meet the constraint of permanent mould, i.e., | FRF(i, j) |=1.In addition,Indicate hair
Penetrate the power constraint at end, NsFor data fluxion.
Step 2 introduces the thought of hierarchical design, designs millimeter wave mixing precoding.Specifically, it assumes initially that known
Precoding is simulated, digital precode is designed.Secondly, based on the digital precode acquired, design simulation pre-coding matrix.
Step 3, it is assumed that simulation precoding is it is known that design digital precode to improve the spectrum efficiency of system.In order into one
Step simplifies the design of mixing precoding, and number and simulation precoding are decoupled under power constraint, it will be assumed thatWhereinDummy variable, then the design of digital precode may be expressed as:
In formula,It is defined as an equivalent channel matrix.Since above formula only has a variable,
We can use water-filling algorithm and acquire dummy variable
Wherein, VeIndicate the preceding N of the right singular matrix of equivalent channel matrixsColumn.PeIndicate diagonal matrix, diagonal element
It is the power distributed by every data stream.Therefore, digital precode matrix may be expressed as:
Step 4 is designed using the strategy of iterative solution, and derives the approximate optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding.Root
According to the conclusion in existing document, when antenna number tends to infinity, simulation precoder meetsTherefore, in radio frequency
In the case that the quantity of chain is equal to data fluxion, optimal digital precode matrix meetsCorresponding simulation is pre-
Code Design may be expressed as:
Due to F in above formulaRFColumn arrangement will not changeAs a result, therefore can willIt is rewritten as
In formula, (FRF)-jFor FRFRemove jth column fjSubmatrix afterwards.Therefore, the design for simulating precoding can further be changed
Letter are as follows:
In formula, we are definedFor companion matrix.If chosen suitable first
Beginning matrix FRFAnd assume (FRF)-jBe it is fixed, simulation precoding optimization problem can be decomposed into a series of sons and asked by us
Topic, and j-th of subproblem may be expressed as:
The above formula can be simplified further as:
We define an intermediary matrixThe principal function of above formula can simplify are as follows:
F in formulaj(- i) indicates to remove fjI-th of element fj(i) vector.Mj(- i ,-i) indicates to remove matrix MjI-th
The submatrix of the i-th column element of row.According to above formula, for fj(i) design may be expressed as:
Accordingly, with respect to fj(i) optimal closed solutions may be expressed as:
In formula, for arbitrary complex variable x, have
Therefore, it is based on fj(i) optimal solution, we can acquire optimal simulation pre-coding matrix using the method for iteration.
Step 5 exports digital precode F in millimeter wave mimo systemBBWith simulation precoding FRF。
Embodiment two: in broad-band channel, to the application principle of above-mentioned millimeter wave mixing Precoding Design scheme into
Row further description.Specific steps are the same as example 1.
Step 1 is based on broad-band channel model foundation millimeter wave mixing precoding problem model, objective function are as follows:
In formula,It indicates on k-th of carrier wave
Transmission rate.
Step 2, introduces the thought of hierarchical design, and design mixes precoding based on broad-band channel.Specifically, false first
If simulating precoding it is known that design digital precode.Secondly, based on the digital precode acquired, design simulation precoding square
Battle array.
Step 3, it is assumed that simulation precoding is it is known that design digital precode to improve the spectrum efficiency of system, then number is pre-
The design of coding may be expressed as:
Identical method is used with embodiment one, can obtain the optimal solution of digital precode:
Step 4, proposes the layout strategy of iterative solution, and derives the approximate optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding.Phase
The simulation Precoding Design problem answered are as follows:
Above formula principal function can abbreviation are as follows:
It in formula, is obtained according to Jensen inequality.
Identical method is used with embodiment one, can obtain the optimal solution of simulation word precoding:
Step 5 exports digital precode F in millimeter wave mimo systemBBWith simulation precoding FRF。
Below with reference to simulation result, application effect of the invention is described in detail.
1) simulated conditions
The present invention uses extensive mimo system, and transmitting-receiving both ends are all made of face battle array, and transmitting terminal antenna number is Nt=144, it connects
Receiving end antenna number is Nr=36.The rf chain number of transmitting terminal and the rf chain number of receiving end are
Cluster channel model is used herein, and assumes that channel model is NclThere are N in=10 clusters, each cluster the insideray=5 diameters, and leave angle
Being uniformly distributed on [0,2 π] is obeyed with angle of arrival, value is continuous.For the sake of justice, all precoding solutions are executed
Identical total power constraint.Signal-to-noise ratio is defined as
2) emulation content and conclusion
The mixing method for precoding of the embodiment of the present invention simplifies setting for mixing precoding using the thinking of hierarchical design
Meter, improves the spectrum efficiency of system.In addition, method proposed by the invention can be applied to narrowband and broad-band channel model
In.In order to reduce the hardware cost of millimeter wave mimo system, it will be assumed that the quantity of rf chain is equal to the quantity of data flow.Its
In, as shown in figure 3, we simulate optimal digital precode method respectively and OMP is calculated based in the case where narrowband channel model
Method, and using the performance of both algorithms as the baseline up and down of system performance.In order to which the clearer algorithm for representing us can
To realize that we also simulate existing PE-AltMin algorithm as a comparison closer to optimal performance.In addition, as shown in figure 4,
In the case where broad-band channel, we also simulate the present invention mixing achievable system performance of method for precoding.In Fig. 5,
We have measured the convergence of the method for the present invention based on the number of iterations, and simulation result shows the method for the present invention convergence rate quickly.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above.The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments makes this field
Professional technician can be realized or using the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to these implementations shown in this article
Example, but meet the technical solution consistent with the principle of this paper and features of novelty, should all be defined in the patent claims
In protection scope.
Claims (6)
1. in millimeter wave mimo system, a kind of iterative mixing method for precoding based on hierarchical design, it is characterised in that including
Following steps:
Step 1 establishes the mixing precoding problem model of millimeter wave mimo system；
Step 2 introduces the thought of hierarchical design, and logarithmic mode mixing precoding is designed；
Step 3 assumes the simulation precoding of known preferred, designs digital precode to further increase the spectrum efficiency of system；
Step 4 proposes the layout strategy of iterative solution, and derives the approximate optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding；
Step 5 exports optimal digital precode and simulation pre-coding matrix.
2. the mixing method for precoding of millimeter-wave systems according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step one
Mixing precoding model are as follows:
In above-mentioned formula, FRFRespectively indicate simulation precoding.FBBIndicate digital precode.Because simulating precoding is to pass through phase shift
What device was realized, it is therefore necessary to meet the constraint of permanent mould, i.e., | FRF(i, j) |=1.In addition,Indicate transmitting terminal
Power constraint, NsFor data fluxion.
3. millimeter wave mixing method for precoding according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the step two, introduce
The thought of hierarchical design designs millimeter wave mixing precoding.Specifically, simulation precoding is assumed initially that it is known that design number
Pre-coding matrix.Secondly, being based on known digital precode, design simulation pre-coding matrix.
4. millimeter wave mixing method for precoding according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step three, it is assumed that
Known analog precoding designs digital precode to improve the spectrum efficiency of system.In order to be further simplified mixing precoding
Design, and number and simulation precoding are decoupled under power constraint, it will be assumed thatWhereinIt is empty
Quasi-variable, then the design of digital precode may be expressed as:
In formula,It is defined as an equivalent channel matrix.Since above formula only has a variable, we
It can use water-filling algorithm and acquire dummy variable
Wherein, VeIndicate the preceding N of the right singular matrix of equivalent channel matrixsColumn.PeIndicate diagonal matrix, diagonal element be for
The power that every data stream is distributed.Therefore, digital precode matrix may be expressed as:
5. millimeter wave mixing method for precoding according to claim 4, which is characterized in that according to step 4, propose iteration
The layout strategy of solution, and derive the optimal solution closed solutions of simulation precoding.According to the conclusion in existing document, that is, work as antenna
When number tends to infinity, simulation precoder meetsTherefore, the feelings of data fluxion are equal in the quantity of rf chain
Under condition, optimal digital precode matrix meetsCorresponding simulation Precoding Design may be expressed as:
Due to F in above formulaRFColumn arrangement will not changeAs a result, therefore can willIt is rewritten as
In formula, (FRF)-jFor FRFRemove jth column fjSubmatrix afterwards.Therefore, the design for simulating precoding can further abbreviation are as follows:
In formula, we are definedFor companion matrix.If choosing suitable initial square
Battle array FRFAnd assume (FRF)-jBe it is fixed, we can will simulation precoding optimization problem be decomposed into a series of subproblems, and
J-th of subproblem may be expressed as:
The above formula can be simplified further as:
We define an intermediary matrixThe principal function of above formula can simplify are as follows:
F in formulaj(- i) indicates to remove fjI-th of element fj(i) vector.Mj(- i ,-i) indicates to remove matrix MjI-th row
The submatrix of i column element.According to above formula, for fj(i) design may be expressed as:
Accordingly, with respect to fj(i) optimal closed solutions may be expressed as:
In formula, for arbitrary complex variable x, have
Therefore, it is based on fj(i) optimal solution, we can acquire optimal simulation pre-coding matrix using the method for iteration.
6. millimeter wave mixing method for precoding according to claim 5, which is characterized in that according to step 5, in millimeter wave
In mimo system, digital precode F is exportedBBWith simulation precoding FRF。
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| CN111865385A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-30 | 电子科技大学 | Two-dimensional planar array digital beam forming method based on FPGA |
| CN111988073A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 东南大学 | Design method for semi-dynamic subarray mixed structure of broadband millimeter wave communication system |
| CN113411104A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-09-17 | 清华大学 | Large-scale MIMO transmitter hybrid precoder design method and device |
| WO2022227899A1 (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-03 | 清华大学 | Method and apparatus for designing hybrid precoder of large-scale mimo transmitter |
| CN114915329A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-08-16 | 安徽师范大学 | Signal-to-leakage-and-noise-ratio-based hybrid beam forming method in millimeter wave MIMO system |
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