CN113404542B - Early warning method for deep mining dangerous area based on stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient - Google Patents
Early warning method for deep mining dangerous area based on stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient Download PDFInfo
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- CN113404542B CN113404542B CN202110882901.8A CN202110882901A CN113404542B CN 113404542 B CN113404542 B CN 113404542B CN 202110882901 A CN202110882901 A CN 202110882901A CN 113404542 B CN113404542 B CN 113404542B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N (12s,15r)-15-hydroxy-11,16-dioxo-15,20-dihydrosenecionan-12-yl acetate Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@](CC)(O)C[C@@H](C)[C@](C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruwenine Natural products O1C(=O)C(CC)(O)CC(C)C(C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient-based early warning method for a deep mining dangerous area, which collects data; carrying out mining numerical simulation; calculating stress distribution data along with space and stress distribution data along with time; calculating the unit time drilling cuttings discharge amount and the unit space drilling cuttings discharge amount in the process that the drill bit drills different rock stratum mediums; dividing a stress mutation region; dividing a gas mutation area; after the working face is mined, real-time online stress monitoring is carried out on the area according to the divided dangerous area, a stress field, a gas field and a hydrology field of the monitored area are obtained, and the early warning device is controlled to carry out early warning, so that disasters are reduced. According to the invention, the support structure and the protection structure are simultaneously connected with the surrounding rock in an anchoring manner through the anchor rod structure, so that the mounting firmness of the support structure and the protection structure can be improved, the protection effect is improved, the support protection can be carried out in the tunneling and ore excavation process, and the safety of workers is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient-based early warning method for a deep mining dangerous area.
Background
Most of mine geological disasters are accompanied with formation cracks or fractures, so that disasters are caused in the mining process of mines, and the excavation process is monitored by adopting detection means such as stress detection, underground water detection, gas detection and the like in the excavation process at present so as to prevent geological disasters; and meanwhile, a tunneling support device is arranged to support and protect the excavated roadway. However, the existing excavation supporting device is large, mostly fixed in structure and large in size, and needs to occupy a large space in the transportation process, so that the device is inconvenient to move and install in an underground roadway conveniently and quickly, the transportation and erection of the excavation supporting device are influenced to a great extent, certain use defects exist, most of mine geological disasters are accompanied by formation cracks or fractures, the disasters are caused in the mining process of mines, a certain time is needed from excavation of the roadway to installation of the excavation supporting device, and in the period of the empty window, the roadway lacks of sufficient protection measures, and the construction safety is influenced; on the other hand, the existing supporting device usually adopts a rigid supporting mode, when the stress generated by the deformation of surrounding rocks due to geological disasters is completely acted on the supporting device, and when the pressure acted on the supporting device exceeds the structural rigidity and the strength of the supporting device, the supporting device only resists the impact pressure by a rigid support, so that the damage is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient-based early warning method for a deep mining dangerous area.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient-based early warning method for a deep mining danger area comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data: collecting the names and rock properties of the existing rock stratums in the tunneling roadway through an early warning device; working face layout data in actual downhole mining; the unit amount of cuttings produced for different formations in an actual downhole production operation;
step two: carrying out mining numerical simulation;
step three: calculating stress distribution data along with space and stress distribution data along with time, and obtaining a vertical stress gradient K1 in mining time and a stress gradient K2 in the advancing direction of a working face by derivation of time space;
step four: calculating the cuttings discharge amount Q1 per unit time and the cuttings discharge amount Q2 per unit space in the process that the drill bit drills different rock formation mediums;
step five: dividing a stress mutation region, namely dividing the abnormal deviation of K1 or K2 from zero into a stress mutation region M1;
step six: dividing a gas mutation area, drawing a drilling cuttings discharge diagram in unit time or unit space, and dividing the area with mutation in the diagram into a gas danger area M2;
Step seven: according to the high-density electrical method principle, the hydrologic distribution condition in the region is found out through a contour line sectional diagram given by an instrument, and the water-bearing region in the rock stratum is divided into M3;
step eight: cross-coupling the dangerous areas M1, M2 and M3, and finding out the superposed part M of the three areas as a dangerous area;
step nine: after the working face is mined, real-time online stress monitoring is carried out on the dangerous area according to the dangerous area divided in the step eight, a stress field, a gas field and a hydrological field of the monitored area are obtained, the steps from the step one to the step eight are repeated, data are collected, the dangerous area is divided according to the data to be predicted, and the early warning device is controlled to carry out early warning, so that disasters are reduced.
The early warning device in the step one includes a plurality of supporting structures, a plurality of protective structure, a plurality of stock structure, a plurality of slide rail structure, tunnelling supporting construction for it is a plurality of to support the protection between the protective structure through a plurality of the supporting structure is assembled in proper order and is connected, is used for fixing the supporting structure with protective structure's a plurality of stock structure evenly distributed install in the supporting structure with protective structure is last, just the one end of stock structure extends the anchor in the country rock, is used for carrying the removal tunnelling supporting construction a plurality of the slide rail structure fixed mounting in proper order in the both sides of supporting structure lower extreme, and adjacent the slide rail structure concatenation is connected, is used for tunnelling supporting construction slidable mounting in on the slide rail structure.
Furthermore, the support structure comprises a support main body, two clamping grooves, a plurality of first threaded holes and a plurality of first bolts, the support main body is of an arch-shaped structure, the two clamping grooves are respectively formed in two sides of the support main body, the first threaded holes are uniformly distributed in the support main body and communicated with the clamping grooves, and one end of the protective structure is inserted into the clamping grooves and is locked and fixed through the first bolts installed in the first threaded holes.
Further, protective structure includes a plurality of buffer unit, interior guard plate, outer guard plate, the both ends of interior guard plate with supporting structure fixed connection, outer guard plate set up in the lateral surface of interior guard plate, just outer guard plate with through a plurality of evenly distributed between the interior guard plate buffer unit fixed connection.
Furthermore, the buffer unit includes double-screw bolt, interior hexagonal hole, second screw hole, hydraulic pressure damping spring, bearing, the second screw hole run through set up in on the interior guard plate, double-screw bolt screw thread install in the second screw hole, just the one end of double-screw bolt is provided with interior hexagonal hole, other end fixedly connected with hydraulic pressure damping spring, hydraulic pressure damping spring's one end is passed through the bearing with the rotatable swing joint of medial surface of outer guard plate.
Further, the stock structure includes stock, gasket, nut, the one end of stock is passed through supporting structure or last through-hole of protective structure extends the anchor in the country rock, and the other end passes through the gasket with the nut with supporting structure or protective structure's medial surface locking is fixed.
Further, the slide rail structure includes track seat, track groove, second bolt, earth bolt, the track seat includes bottom plate, curb plate, the track overlap joint in on the bottom plate, just the track with pass through between the bottom plate earth bolt lock joint and fixed mounting in ground, the curb plate paste adorn in structural and pass through of support second bolt lock fastening is fixed, the track groove set up in orbital top surface.
Furthermore, the tunneling support structure comprises a plurality of sliding blocks, a plurality of hydraulic columns, a plurality of telescopic columns, a top support protection plate, two side support protection plates, a mounting plate, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders and a plurality of second hydraulic telescopic shafts, wherein the plurality of sliding blocks are symmetrically distributed and slidably mounted in the slide rail structure, the hydraulic columns are fixedly mounted at the top ends of the sliding blocks, the telescopic columns are hydraulically driven to be mounted at the top ends of the hydraulic columns, the top support protection plate is fixedly mounted between the top ends of the telescopic columns, the two side support protection plates are respectively arranged at two sides of the top support protection plate, mounting panel fixed mounting is in a plurality of between the hydraulic pressure post, it is a plurality of the pneumatic cylinder symmetry install in the top surface of mounting panel, every the equal hydraulic drive in outside end of pneumatic cylinder installs the second hydraulic pressure axle that stretches out and draws back, the second hydraulic pressure stretch out and draw back the end of axle with collateral branch backplate sliding connection.
Further, the both sides of backplate bottom surface are provided with the spout of symmetric distribution, equal slidable mounting has a movable backplate in the spout, the bottom surface fixed mounting of backplate is propped up in the activity has the connecting block, the bottom surface fixed mounting of backplate is propped up at the top has and is located both sides double-shaft hydraulic cylinder between the spout, the equal hydraulic drive in both ends of double-shaft hydraulic cylinder installs first hydraulic telescopic shaft, first hydraulic telescopic shaft's end with connecting block fixed connection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the early warning method for the deep mining dangerous area based on the stress-drilling cutting quantity gradient, the protective structures in one section are assembled to form the supporting device, so that the size of the single protective structure can be set to be small, the weight is light, the protective structures can be conveniently moved and conveyed in a roadway, the adjacent protective structures can be quickly spliced through the support structure, and the conveying and erecting efficiency of the supporting device is improved.
(2) According to the early warning method for the deep mining dangerous area based on the stress-drilling cutting quantity gradient, the support structure and the protection structure are simultaneously connected with the surrounding rock in an anchoring mode through the anchor rod structure, the installation firmness of the support structure and the protection structure can be improved, and therefore the protection effect is improved.
(3) According to the early warning method for the deep mining danger area based on the stress-drilling cutting quantity gradient, the tunneling support structure is arranged, so that supporting protection can be performed in the tunneling and mining process, meanwhile, temporary supporting protection can be performed in the process of additionally arranging the protection structure at a new tunneling position, and the safety of workers is guaranteed.
(4) According to the early warning method for the deep mining dangerous area based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient, the tunneling support structure is moved through the slide rail structure laid between one side of the bottom of the support structure and the ground, so that the tunneling support structure can conveniently move forwards, the laid slide rail structure can also be used for a rail transport trolley to move, the support structure, the protective structure and the slide rail structure can be conveniently moved by the rail transport trolley to be laid and installed, and the conveying and erecting efficiency of the support device is further improved; meanwhile, the work of the early warning device is controlled in an early warning prediction mode, so that the safety of the roadway is ensured.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an early warning method for a deep mining danger zone based on a stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the early warning device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken in the direction M-M of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a connecting structure of the top support guard plate and the movable support guard plate shown in fig. 3.
In the figure:
1. a scaffold structure; 11. a stent body; 12. a card slot; 13. a first threaded hole; 14. a first bolt;
2. a protective structure; 21. a buffer unit; 211. a stud; 212. an inner hexagonal hole; 213. a second threaded hole; 214. a hydraulic damping spring; 215. a bearing; 22. an inner protection plate; 23. an outer protective plate;
3. an anchor rod structure; 31. an anchor rod; 32. a gasket; 33. a nut;
4. a slide rail structure; 41. a rail seat; 411. a base plate; 412. a side plate; 42. a track; 43. a track groove; 44. a second bolt; 45. a ground bolt;
5. tunneling a supporting structure; 51. a slider; 52. a hydraulic column; 53. a telescopic column; 54. a top support guard plate; 55. a chute; 56. a movable supporting guard plate; 57. a double-shaft hydraulic cylinder; 58. a first hydraulic telescopic shaft; 59. connecting blocks; 5a, a side protection plate; 5b, mounting plates; 5c, a hydraulic cylinder; 5d and a second hydraulic telescopic shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the method for early warning of a dangerous area in deep mining based on a stress-drilling cuttings gradient according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data: collecting the names and rock properties of the existing rock stratums in the tunneling roadway through an early warning device; working face layout data in actual downhole mining; the unit amount of cuttings produced for different formations in an actual downhole production operation;
step two: carrying out mining numerical simulation;
step three: calculating stress distribution data along with space and stress distribution data along with time, and obtaining a vertical stress gradient K1 in mining time and a stress gradient K2 in the advancing direction of a working face by derivation of time space;
step four: calculating the cuttings discharge amount Q1 per unit time and the cuttings discharge amount Q2 per unit space in the process that the drill bit drills different rock formation mediums;
step five: dividing a stress mutation region, namely dividing the abnormal deviation of K1 or K2 from zero into a stress mutation region M1;
step six: dividing a gas mutation area, drawing a drilling cutting amount discharge diagram in unit time or unit space, and dividing the area with mutation in the diagram into a gas danger area M2;
Step seven: according to the high-density electrical method principle, the hydrologic distribution condition in the region is found out through an isoline section diagram given by an instrument, and the water-bearing region in the rock stratum is divided into M3;
step eight: cross-coupling the dangerous areas M1, M2 and M3, and finding out the overlapped part M of the three areas as the dangerous area;
step nine: after the working face is mined, real-time online stress monitoring is carried out on the dangerous area according to the danger area divided in the step eight, a stress field, a gas field and a hydrological field of the monitored area are obtained, the steps one to eight are repeated, data are collected, the dangerous area is divided according to the data to predict, and the early warning device is controlled to carry out early warning, so that disasters are reduced.
The early warning device in the first step comprises a plurality of support structures 1, a plurality of protective structures 2, a plurality of anchor rod structures 3, a plurality of slide rail structures 4 and a tunneling support structure 5, wherein the protective structures 2 for supporting and protecting are sequentially spliced through the support structures 1, the anchor rod structures 3 for fixing the support structures 1 and the protective structures 2 are uniformly distributed and installed on the support structures 1 and the protective structures 2, one end of each anchor rod structure 3 extends and is anchored in surrounding rocks, the slide rail structures 4 for conveying and moving the tunneling support structure 5 are sequentially and fixedly installed on two sides of the lower end of each support structure 1, the adjacent slide rail structures 4 are spliced and connected, and the tunneling support structure 5 for tunneling support is slidably installed on the slide rail structures 4; the protective structures 2 in one section are assembled to form a supporting device, so that the volume of the single protective structure 2 is small, the weight is light, the protective structures 2 can be moved and conveyed in a roadway conveniently, and the adjacent protective structures 2 can be quickly assembled through the support structure 1, so that the conveying and erecting efficiency of the supporting device is improved; the support structure 1 and the protective structure 2 are simultaneously connected with the surrounding rock in an anchoring manner through the anchor rod structure 3, so that the mounting firmness of the support structure 1 and the protective structure 2 can be improved, and the protective effect is improved; by arranging the tunneling support structure 5, supporting protection can be performed in the tunneling and ore excavation process, and temporary supporting protection can be performed in the process of additionally arranging the protection structure 2 at a new tunneling position, so that the safety of workers is ensured; through laying in between 1 bottom one side of supporting structure and the ground slide rail construction 4 removes tunnelling supporting structure 5, thereby it is convenient tunnelling supporting structure 5's the removal that gos forward, and lay slide rail construction 4 still can supply the rail transport dolly walking to remove to the convenience is removed through the rail transport dolly supporting structure 1 protective structure 2 and slide rail construction 4 lays the installation, further improves supporting device's transport, erects efficiency.
The support structure 1 comprises a support main body 11, two clamping grooves 12, a plurality of first threaded holes 13 and a plurality of first bolts 14, wherein the support main body 11 is of an arch-shaped structure, the two clamping grooves 12 are respectively arranged at two sides of the support main body 11, the first threaded holes 13 are uniformly distributed on the support main body 11 and communicated with the clamping grooves 12, one end of the protective structure 2 is inserted into the clamping grooves 12 and is locked and fixed through the first bolts 14 arranged in the first threaded holes 13, when the support structure 1 is erected and installed, the support main body 11 is supported in a roadway, and the anchor rod structure 3 penetrates through the through holes in the support main body 11 to be anchored in surrounding rocks, so that the support main body 11 is installed and fixed in the roadway.
Protective structure 2 includes a plurality of buffer unit 21, interior guard plate 22, outer guard plate 23, the both ends of interior guard plate 22 with supporting structure 1 fixed connection, outer guard plate 23 set up in interior guard plate 22's lateral surface, just outer guard plate 23 with through a plurality of evenly distributed between the interior guard plate 22 buffer unit 21 fixed connection works as during protective structure 2 concatenation installation, will the one end joint of interior guard plate 22 in draw-in groove 12, and through first bolt 14 will interior guard plate 22 with support main part 11 locking is fixed, accomplishes protective structure 2 assembles fast, later installs another additional at protective structure 2's the other end again supporting structure 1, through two sets of supporting structure 1 will protective structure 2 installation is fixed, then will stock structure 3 passes interior guard plate 22, The through holes of the outer protective plate 23 are anchored in the surrounding rock, thereby further reinforcing the protective structure 2; when taking place geological disasters surrounding rock and warp, the stress that the surrounding rock warp and produce acts on outer guard plate 23, it is a plurality of buffer unit 21 absorbs stress and cushions the damping to reduce the harm that the surrounding rock warp and produce, prevent outer guard plate 23 atress damage.
The buffer unit 21 comprises a stud 211, a hexagon socket 212, a second threaded hole 213, a hydraulic damping spring 214 and a bearing 215, the second threaded hole 213 is arranged on the inner protection plate 22 in a penetrating manner, the stud 211 is installed in the second threaded hole 213 in a threaded manner, one end of the stud 211 is provided with the hexagon socket 212, the other end of the stud is fixedly connected with the hydraulic damping spring 214, and one end of the hydraulic damping spring 214 is rotatably and movably connected with the inner side surface of the outer protection plate 23 through the bearing 215; when the buffer unit 21 is installed, a hexagon screwdriver can be used to adjust the installation depth of the stud 211 in the second threaded hole 213 through the hexagon socket 212 according to the needs of supporting protection, so as to adjust the contraction length and the return elastic force of the hydraulic damping spring 214, so that the hydraulic damping spring 214 has enough supporting force on the outer protection plate 23, and when the buffer unit 21 works, the hydraulic damping spring 214 contracts to damp and eliminate stress; work as the country rock and warp violently when the stress that outer guard plate 23 received is too big, hydraulic pressure damping spring 214 contracts the damping and eliminates some stress, simultaneously the double-screw bolt 211 because of the atress too fiercely can with take place smooth silk phenomenon between the second screw hole 213, make buffer unit 21 is followed the interior roll-off of second screw hole 213, this moment outer guard plate 23 with interior guard plate 22 laminates, forms a thicker guard plate, further improves the safeguard effect, should stress too big washout when preventing that the country rock from violently warping protective structure 2 has guaranteed the safety in the tunnel simultaneously.
Stock structure 3 includes stock 31, gasket 32, nut 33, the one end of stock 31 is passed through supporting structure 1 or through-hole on the protective structure 2 extends the anchor in the country rock, and the other end passes through gasket 32 with nut 33 with supporting structure 1 or protective structure 2's inboard locking is fixed, thereby passes through stock 31 will supporting structure 1 with the anchor is connected between protective structure 2's medial surface and the country rock, makes supporting structure 1 or protective structure 2 installs more firmly.
The sliding rail structure 4 comprises a rail seat 41, a rail 42, a rail groove 43, a second bolt 44 and a grounding bolt 45, the rail seat 41 comprises a bottom plate 411 and a side plate 412, the rail 42 is lapped on the bottom plate 411, the rail 42 and the bottom plate 411 are locked and connected through the grounding bolt 45 and fixedly installed on the ground, the side plate 412 is attached to the support structure 1 and locked and fixed through the second bolt 44, the rail groove 43 is arranged on the top surface of the rail 42, when the sliding rail structures 4 are sequentially spliced and connected, the adjacent rail grooves 43 are sequentially connected and can form an integral conveying rail in a roadway, so that the advancing movement of the tunneling support structure 5 is facilitated, the traveling movement of the rail transport trolley is also facilitated, and the support structure 1, the protective structure 2 and the sliding rail structure 4 are conveniently moved and conveyed to be laid and installed, the conveying and erecting efficiency of the supporting device is further improved; and after the sliding rail structure 4 is laid, because the rail seat 41 simultaneously with supporting structure 1 and tunnel ground not only make the installation of sliding rail structure 4 is more firm, will simultaneously supporting structure 1's bottom is connected fixedly with ground, makes supporting structure 1 installs more firmly, improves its support protective effect.
The tunneling support structure 5 comprises a plurality of sliding blocks 51, a plurality of hydraulic columns 52, a plurality of telescopic columns 53, a top support protection plate 54, two side support protection plates 5a, a mounting plate 5b, a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 5c and a plurality of second hydraulic telescopic shafts 5d, wherein the plurality of sliding blocks 51 are symmetrically arranged in the sliding rail structure 4 in a sliding manner, the hydraulic columns 52 are fixedly mounted at the top ends of the sliding blocks 51, the telescopic columns 53 are hydraulically driven and mounted at the top ends of the hydraulic columns 52, the top support protection plate 54 is fixedly mounted between the top ends of the telescopic columns 53, the two side support protection plates 5a are respectively arranged at two sides of the top support protection plate 54, the mounting plate 5b is fixedly mounted between the hydraulic columns 52, the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 5c are symmetrically mounted at the top surface of the mounting plate 5b, and the second hydraulic telescopic shafts 5d are hydraulically driven and mounted at the outer side ends of the hydraulic cylinders 5c, the end of the second hydraulic telescopic shaft 5d is connected with the side supporting plate 5a in a sliding mode, when the tunneling support mechanism 5 supports protection, the hydraulic column 52 drives the telescopic column 53 to ascend to support the top of a roadway, meanwhile, the hydraulic cylinder 5c drives the second hydraulic telescopic shaft 5d to extend to provide supporting force for the side supporting plate 5a, and therefore the side supporting plate 5a supports and protects the side wall of the roadway.
Sliding grooves 55 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the bottom surface of the top supporting and protecting plate 54, movable supporting and protecting plates 56 are slidably mounted in the sliding grooves 55, connecting blocks 59 are fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the movable supporting and protecting plates 56, a double-shaft hydraulic cylinder 57 located between the sliding grooves 55 on two sides is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the top supporting and protecting plate 54, first hydraulic telescopic shafts 58 are hydraulically driven and mounted at two ends of the double-shaft hydraulic cylinder 57, and the tail ends of the first hydraulic telescopic shafts 58 are fixedly connected with the connecting blocks 59; when the top support guard plate 54 rises to support the top of the roadway, the double-shaft hydraulic cylinder 57 drives the first hydraulic telescopic shafts 58 at the two ends to extend, so as to drive the movable support guard plate 56 to move and expand in the sliding groove 55 towards the two ends of the top support guard plate 54, so that the support area of the support guard plate can be adjusted according to the size of the top of the roadway, the movable support guard plate can completely support and protect the top of the roadway, meanwhile, the side support guard plate 5a is hinged to the movable support guard plate 56, and can be attached to and drawn close to the side wall of the roadway along with the movement of the movable support guard plate 56, so that the side support guard plate 5a can be attached to the side wall of the roadway tightly, and the support and protection effect of the side support guard plate is improved.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
and (3) temporary support process: install slide rail structure 4 earlier additional in tunnel internal support device's end, when installing additional, track 42 laps on bottom plate 411, and align with existing track 42, and through earth bolt 45 locking connection and fixed mounting in ground between track 42 and the bottom plate 411, thereby accomplish laying fast of track 42, make track 42 extend to strutting arrangement's outer end, later accessible track 42 removes tunnelling supporting construction 5 and goes forward, support temporarily through tunnelling supporting construction 5 to the position of not installing protective structure 2 in the tunnel additional, ensure staff's safety.
The supporting device is additionally provided with: with the one end joint of interior guard plate 22 in draw-in groove 12 of support main part 11 of interior support device tip in the tunnel, and it is fixed with support main part 11 locking to protect plate 22 in through first bolt 14, accomplish protective structure 2 assemble fast, later install supporting structure 1 again at protective structure 2's the other end, support main part 11 in the tunnel, and through the above-mentioned connected step with interior guard plate 22's the other end and the new supporting structure 1 fixed connection who installs additional, it is fixed with protective structure 2 installation through two sets of supporting structure 1, then pass supporting structure 1 with stock structure 3 again, through-hole anchor on the protective structure 2 is in the country rock, thereby with supporting structure 1, protective structure 2 further consolidates.
The protection process comprises the following steps: collecting the names and rock properties of all rock strata in the roadway to be tunneled through an early warning device; actual working face placement data in downhole mining; the unit volume of cuttings produced for different formations in actual downhole production operations; carrying out mining numerical simulation; calculating stress distribution data along with space and stress distribution data along with time, and obtaining a vertical stress gradient K1 in mining time and a stress gradient K2 in the advancing direction of a working face by derivation of time space; calculating the discharge amount of drill cuttings in unit time Q1 and the discharge amount of drill cuttings in unit space Q2 during the process that the drill bit drills different rock media; dividing stress mutation regions, namely dividing the abnormal deviation of K1 or K2 from zero into stress mutation regions M1; dividing a gas mutation area, drawing a drilling cutting amount discharge diagram in unit time or unit space, and dividing the area with mutation in the diagram into a gas danger area M2; according to the high-density electrical method principle, the hydrologic distribution condition in the region is found out through an isoline section diagram given by an instrument, and the water-bearing region in the rock stratum is divided into M3; cross-coupling the dangerous areas M1, M2 and M3, and finding out the overlapped part M of the three areas as the dangerous area; after the working face is mined, real-time online stress monitoring is carried out on the area according to the divided dangerous area to obtain a stress field, a gas field and a hydrological field of the monitored area, when danger exists in early warning, the early warning device starts to work, an outer protection plate 23 is arranged at the stress action position where surrounding rock deformation is about to occur, and hydraulic shock absorption springs 214 in a plurality of buffer units 21 absorb stress to carry out buffer shock absorption, so that the damage caused by the surrounding rock deformation is reduced, and the outer protection plate 23 is prevented from being damaged due to stress; when the violent outer guard plate 23 of country rock deformation receives too big stress, hydraulic pressure damping spring 214 contracts the damping and eliminates a part of stress, the double-screw bolt 211 can take place smooth silk phenomenon because of the atress is too violent simultaneously between with second screw hole 213, make buffer unit 21 follow the interior roll-off of second screw hole 213, outer guard plate 23 and interior guard plate 22 laminating this moment, form a thicker guard plate, further improve the protecting effect, should stress too big washout protective structure 2 when can preventing the violent deformation of country rock, the safety in the tunnel has been guaranteed simultaneously.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions given above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient-based early warning method for a deep mining dangerous area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data: collecting the names and rock properties of the existing rock stratums in the tunneling roadway through an early warning device; working face layout data in actual downhole mining; the unit amount of cuttings produced for different formations in an actual downhole production operation;
step two: carrying out mining numerical simulation;
step three: calculating stress distribution data along with space and stress distribution data along with time, and obtaining a vertical stress gradient K1 in mining time and a stress gradient K2 in the advancing direction of a working face by derivation of time space;
Step four: calculating the discharge amount of drill cuttings in unit time Q1 and the discharge amount of drill cuttings in unit space Q2 during the process that the drill bit drills different rock media;
step five: dividing a stress mutation region, namely dividing the abnormal deviation of K1 or K2 from zero into a stress mutation region M1;
step six: dividing a gas mutation area, drawing a drilling cutting amount discharge diagram in unit time or unit space, and dividing the area with mutation in the diagram into a gas danger area M2;
step seven: according to the high-density electrical method principle, the hydrologic distribution condition in the region is found out through an isoline section diagram given by an instrument, and the water-bearing region in the rock stratum is divided into M3;
step eight: cross-coupling the dangerous areas M1, M2 and M3, and finding out the overlapped part M of the three areas as the dangerous area;
step nine: after the working face is mined, real-time online stress monitoring is carried out on the dangerous area according to the danger area divided in the step eight to obtain a stress field, a gas field and a hydrological field of the monitored area, the steps one to eight are repeated, data are collected, the dangerous area is divided according to the data to predict, and an early warning device is controlled to carry out early warning, so that disasters are reduced;
the early warning device in the first step comprises a plurality of support structures (1), a plurality of protective structures (2), a plurality of anchor rod structures (3), a plurality of sliding rail structures (4) and a tunneling support structure (5) and is used for supporting a plurality of protections, the protective structures (2) are connected in sequence through the plurality of support structures (1) in an assembling mode and are used for fixing the support structures (1) and the protective structures (2) in a plurality of anchor rod structures (3) are uniformly distributed and installed in the support structures (1) and the protective structures (2), one ends of the anchor rod structures (3) are extended and anchored in surrounding rocks and used for conveying and moving the tunneling support structure (5) in sequence, the sliding rail structures (4) are fixedly installed on the two sides of the lower end of the support structures (1) and are adjacent to the sliding rail structures (4) in a splicing mode and are connected and used for tunneling the tunneling support structure (5) is slidably installed in the sliding rail structures (4) ) The above.
2. The early warning method for the deep mining danger zone based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient as claimed in claim 1, wherein the early warning method comprises the following steps: the support structure (1) comprises a support main body (11), two clamping grooves (12), a plurality of first threaded holes (13) and a plurality of first bolts (14), wherein the support main body (11) is of an arch structure, the two clamping grooves (12) are respectively formed in two sides of the support main body (11), the first threaded holes (13) are uniformly distributed in the support main body (11) and communicated with the clamping grooves (12), one end of the protective structure (2) is inserted in the clamping grooves (12) and is locked and fixed through the first bolts (14) installed in the first threaded holes (13).
3. The early warning method for the deep mining danger zone based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient as claimed in claim 2, wherein the early warning method comprises the following steps: protective structure (2) include a plurality of buffer cell (21), interior guard plate (22), outer guard plate (23), the both ends of interior guard plate (22) with supporting structure (1) fixed connection, outer guard plate (23) set up in the lateral surface of interior guard plate (22), just outer guard plate (23) with through a plurality of evenly distributed between interior guard plate (22) buffer cell (21) fixed connection.
4. The early warning method for the deep mining danger zone based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient as claimed in claim 3, wherein the early warning method comprises the following steps: buffer unit (21) include double-screw bolt (211), interior hexagonal hole (212), second screw hole (213), hydraulic pressure damping spring (214), bearing (215), second screw hole (213) run through set up in on interior guard plate (22), double-screw bolt (211) screw thread install in second screw hole (213), just the one end of double-screw bolt (211) is provided with interior hexagonal hole (212), other end fixedly connected with hydraulic pressure damping spring (214), the one end of hydraulic pressure damping spring (214) is passed through bearing (215) with the rotatable swing joint of medial surface of outer guard plate (23).
5. The early warning method for the deep mining danger zone based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps of: stock structure (3) are including stock (31), gasket (32), nut (33), the one end of stock (31) is passed through supporting structure (1) or through-hole on protective structure (2) extends the anchor in the country rock, and the other end passes through gasket (32) with nut (33) with supporting structure (1) or the medial surface locking of protective structure (2) is fixed.
6. The early warning method for the deep mining danger zone based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps of: slide rail structure (4) include track seat (41), track (42), track groove (43), second bolt (44), earth bolt (45), track seat (41) include bottom plate (411), curb plate (412), track (42) overlap joint in on bottom plate (411), just track (42) with pass through between bottom plate (411) earth bolt (45) locking connection and fixed mounting are in ground, curb plate (412) subsides adorn in on supporting structure (1) and pass through second bolt (44) locking is fixed, track groove (43) set up in the top surface of track (42).
7. The early warning method for the deep mining danger zone based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the tunneling support structure (5) comprises a plurality of sliding blocks (51), a plurality of hydraulic columns (52), a plurality of telescopic columns (53), a top support protection plate (54), two side support protection plates (5 a), a mounting plate (5 b), a plurality of hydraulic cylinders (5 c) and a plurality of second hydraulic telescopic shafts (5 d), wherein the sliding blocks (51) are symmetrically distributed and slidably mounted in the sliding rail structure (4), the hydraulic columns (52) are fixedly mounted at the top ends of the sliding blocks (51), the telescopic columns (53) are hydraulically driven and mounted at the top ends of the hydraulic columns (52), the top support protection plate (54) is fixedly mounted between the top ends of the telescopic columns (53), the two side support protection plates (5 a) are respectively arranged at two sides of the top support protection plate (54), the mounting plate (5 b) is fixedly mounted between the hydraulic columns (52), a plurality of pneumatic cylinder (5 c) symmetry install in the top surface of mounting panel (5 b), every the equal hydraulic drive in outside end of pneumatic cylinder (5 c) installs second hydraulic telescoping shaft (5 d), the end of second hydraulic telescoping shaft (5 d) with collateral branch backplate (5 a) sliding connection.
8. The deep mining danger area early warning method based on the stress-drilling cuttings amount gradient as claimed in claim 7, wherein the early warning method comprises the following steps: both sides of backplate (54) bottom surface are supported at the top are provided with symmetrically distributed's spout (55), equal slidable mounting has a movable backplate (56) in spout (55), the bottom surface fixed mounting of movable backplate (56) has connecting block (59), the bottom surface fixed mounting of backplate (54) is supported at the top has and is located both sides biax pneumatic cylinder (57) between spout (55), the equal hydraulic drive in both ends of biax pneumatic cylinder (57) installs first hydraulic telescoping shaft (58), the end of first hydraulic telescoping shaft (58) with connecting block (59) fixed connection.
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