CN113404252B - 一种减震隔音地板 - Google Patents

一种减震隔音地板 Download PDF

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CN113404252B
CN113404252B CN202110799618.9A CN202110799618A CN113404252B CN 113404252 B CN113404252 B CN 113404252B CN 202110799618 A CN202110799618 A CN 202110799618A CN 113404252 B CN113404252 B CN 113404252B
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layer
sound
damping
honeycomb
polyurethane
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CN113404252A (zh
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唐定凯
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Qingyuan Fanyi Polyurethane Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及家装材料技术领域，公开了一种减震隔音地板，包括上层基板、下层基板和位于在所述上层基板与下层基板之间的减震隔音层，所述上层基板、下层基板与所述减震隔音层层叠布置，所述减震隔音层包括聚氨酯层和蜂窝板，所述蜂窝板填充布置在所述聚氨酯层内。减震隔音层包括聚氨酯和蜂窝板，蜂窝板填充在聚氨酯层内，音波在传递时，音波先进入聚氨酯层内，聚氨酯层本身具有微孔且弹性强，吸音吸能好，可吸收部分音波；同时音波穿透聚氨酯层后进入蜂窝板内，蜂窝板内部的蜂窝形微孔可以吸收从聚氨酯层传递的音波，使音波在蜂窝孔内不断反射、吸收，达到消音效果；将蜂窝板填充在聚氨酯层内，对音波进行双重吸收，提升地板的消音效果。

Description

一种减震隔音地板
技术领域
本发明涉及家装材料技术领域，特别是涉及一种减震隔音地板。
背景技术
随着城镇化的提高，居民居住的密集程度提高，邻里之间的相互干扰增加，因此在房屋装修过程中，室内隔音是现代装修的重要项目之一。地板因为其良好的性能被人们广泛应用在室内装修中，人们在室内活动时，脚步、桌椅甚至物体掉落时与地板碰撞会产生噪音，因此地板的减震隔音性能对于室内隔音的整体效果极为重要。
聚氨酯作为一种化工材料，质轻、稳定性好，并且具有良好的隔音、绝热性能，现有的地板上通常会添加聚氨酯作为减震隔音结构。如申请公布告号为CN108756128A的中国专利公开了一种微孔弹性体减震地板，包括：装饰层、无纺布层以及聚氨酯微孔弹性体层；其中，无纺布层固定设于装饰层的下方；聚氨酯微孔弹性体层固定设于无纺布层的下方。
上述的现有减震地板中，将聚氨酯层布粘合在装饰层上，利用聚氨酯材料自身的弹性起到减震消音的作用。但是现有的地板仅仅是将聚氨酯材料通过发泡成层后与装饰层固定，利用聚氨酯自己的结构特性进行消音，消音效果有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种减震隔音地板，以解决现有的地板采用聚氨酯材料时消音效果有限的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种减震隔音地板，包括上层基板、下层基板和位于在所述上层基板与下层基板之间的减震隔音层，所述上层基板、下层基板与所述减震隔音层层叠布置，所述减震隔音层包括聚氨酯层和蜂窝板，所述蜂窝板填充布置在所述聚氨酯层内。
优选地，所述蜂窝板成矩阵形式离散布置在所述聚氨酯层内。
优选地，所述蜂窝板内填充有吸音材料。
优选地，所述吸音材料为聚酯纤维。
优选地，所述聚氨酯层沿上下方向层叠布置有至少两层，各层所述聚氨酯层内均布置有所述蜂窝板，相邻两层聚氨酯层中，上侧所述聚氨酯层内的所述蜂窝板的蜂窝孔径小于下侧所述聚氨酯层内的所述蜂窝板的蜂窝孔径。
优选地，所述减震隔音层还包括层叠布置在所述下层基板的上侧的金属板层，所述金属板层的顶面上布置有用于散射声波的立体结构。
优选地，所述立体结构为锥台。
优选地，所述金属板层的底部还开设有多个吸音孔，所述吸音孔与所述下层基板之间形成用于吸收音波的空腔。
优选地，所述上层基板上还层叠布置有装饰层和耐磨层，所述耐磨层布置在所述装饰层的上侧。
优选地，所述耐磨层的材质为氧化铝。
本发明实施例一种减震隔音地板与现有技术相比，其有益效果在于：减震隔音层包括聚氨酯和蜂窝板，蜂窝板填充在聚氨酯层内，音波在传递时，音波先进入聚氨酯层内，聚氨酯层本身具有微孔且弹性强，吸音吸能好，可吸收部分音波；同时音波穿透聚氨酯层后进入蜂窝板内，蜂窝板内部的蜂窝形微孔可以吸收从聚氨酯层传递的音波，使音波在蜂窝孔内不断反射、吸收，达到消音效果；将蜂窝板填充在聚氨酯层内，对音波进行双重吸收，提升地板的消音效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明的减震隔音地板的结构示意图；
图2是图1的减震隔音地板的聚氨酯层的结构示意图；
图3是图1的减震隔音地板的金属板层的结构示意图。
图中，1、上层基板；2、下层基板；3、装饰层；4、耐磨层；5、聚氨酯层；6、蜂窝板；7、金属板层；71、锥台；72、吸音孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本发明的一种减震隔音地板的优选实施例，如图1至图3所示，该减震隔音地板包括上层基板1、下层基板2、减震隔音层、装饰层3、耐磨层4，上层基板1、下层基板2、减震隔音层、装饰层3、耐磨层4之间层叠布置。
上层基板1、下层基板2为该减震隔音地板的主体，上层基板1、下层基板2可以为木板、主板或者是石材等材料。定义上层基板1位于下层基板2的上方，装饰层3、耐磨层4分别层叠布置在上层基板1的上侧，其中耐磨层4布置在装饰层3的上侧，装饰层3可以为棉布、无纺布等材质，装饰层3用于绘制精美的图案，增加减震隔音地板的美观效果。耐磨层4位于减震隔音地板的最外侧，耐磨层4可以增加地板的耐磨性，延长地板的使用寿命，在本实施例中，耐磨层4的材质为氧化铝，在其他实施例中，耐磨层4也可以为添加氧化铝粉末的树脂等。
减震隔音层层叠布置在上层基板1和下层基板2之间，减震隔音层包括聚氨酯层5和蜂窝板6，蜂窝板6填充在聚氨酯层5内。聚氨酯材料自身具有微孔且弹性强，具有减震效果，可以吸收部分音波，同时音波穿透聚氨酯层5后进入蜂窝板6内，蜂窝板6内部的蜂窝形微孔可以吸收从聚氨酯层5传递的音波，使音波在蜂窝孔内不断反射、吸收，达到消音效果。
优选地，蜂窝板6有多个，多个蜂窝板6成矩阵形式离散布置在聚氨酯层5内，蜂窝板6离散布置，可以增加聚氨酯层5的强度，避免蜂窝板6过于密集而使地板强度降低。蜂窝板6的蜂窝孔密度为80－150孔格/厘米，该密度下蜂窝孔对各类音波的吸收效果更好，本申请蜂窝孔密度可以为100、120孔格/厘米。
本实施例中，蜂窝板6的材质为木板，木板成型方便且质量轻强度高，在其他实施例中，蜂窝板6的材质也可以为石膏板、石材等。优选地，蜂窝板6内填充有吸音材料，在本实施例中，吸音材料为聚酯纤维，音波在蜂窝孔内反射削弱时，吸音材料还可以吸收音波，增大音波的传递损失，提高消音效果。
优选地，聚氨酯层5沿上方向层叠布置有两层，各层聚氨酯层5内均布置有蜂窝板6。其中，靠近上层基板1的聚氨酯层5内的蜂窝板6的蜂窝孔径小于靠近下层基板2的聚氨酯层5内的蜂窝板6的蜂窝孔径，即上层的聚氨酯层5内的蜂窝板6的蜂窝孔密度大于下层的聚氨酯层5内的蜂窝板6密度。在微孔吸音时，在一定范围内孔径越小吸音效果越好，而声音随着传播逐渐减小，因此底层的蜂窝孔板的孔密度可以适当减小，与声音的传播规律相符。在其他实施例中，聚氨酯层5也可以有三层、四层等。
减震隔音层还包括金属板层7，金属板层7层叠布置在下层基板2的上侧，即金属板层7位于最底层的聚氨酯层5与下层基板2之间。金属板层7对于声音具有良好的反射效果，可以减少传递至下层基板2的音波。
优选地，金属板层7的顶面上还布置有立体结构，音波在传递至金属板层7时，立体结构可以对音波朝向多个方向进行散射，起到扩散的作用，同时对音波进行不同方向的传导，从而减少音波穿透金属板层7。
优选地，立体结构为锥台71，锥台71为四棱结构，锥台71的结构强度高，同时增加与聚氨酯层5的接触面积，可以保证地板整体的结构强度。在其他实施例中，立体结构也可以为圆台、球形凸起等。金属板层7的底部还开设有多个吸音孔72，吸音孔72为圆形结构，吸音孔72与下层基板2之间形成用于吸收音波的空腔，音波穿透金属板层7后会在空腔内反复反射，从而起到吸音的效果。
综上，本发明实施例提供一种减震隔音地板，其减震隔音层包括聚氨酯和蜂窝板，蜂窝板填充在聚氨酯层内，音波在传递时，音波先进入聚氨酯层内，聚氨酯层本身具有微孔且弹性强，吸音吸能好，可吸收部分音波；同时音波穿透聚氨酯层后进入蜂窝板内，蜂窝板内部的蜂窝形微孔可以吸收从聚氨酯层传递的音波，使音波在蜂窝孔内不断反射、吸收，达到消音效果；将蜂窝板填充在聚氨酯层内，对音波进行双重吸收，提升地板的消音效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种减震隔音地板，其特征在于，包括上层基板、下层基板和位于在所述上层基板与下层基板之间的减震隔音层，所述上层基板、下层基板与所述减震隔音层层叠布置，所述减震隔音层包括聚氨酯层和蜂窝板，所述蜂窝板填充布置在所述聚氨酯层内，所述聚氨酯层沿上下方向层叠布置有至少两层，各层所述聚氨酯层内均布置有所述蜂窝板，相邻两层聚氨酯层中，上侧所述聚氨酯层内的所述蜂窝板的蜂窝孔径小于下侧所述聚氨酯层内的所述蜂窝板的蜂窝孔径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述蜂窝板成矩阵形式离散布置在所述聚氨酯层内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述蜂窝板内填充有吸音材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述吸音材料为聚酯纤维。
5.根据权利要求1－4任一项所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述减震隔音层还包括层叠布置在所述下层基板的上侧的金属板层，所述金属板层的顶面上布置有用于散射声波的立体结构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述立体结构为锥台。
7.根据权利要求5所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述金属板层的底部还开设有多个吸音孔，所述吸音孔与所述下层基板之间形成用于吸收音波的空腔。
8.根据权利要求1－4任一项所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述上层基板上还层叠布置有装饰层和耐磨层，所述耐磨层布置在所述装饰层的上侧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的减震隔音地板，其特征在于，所述耐磨层的材质为氧化铝。
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