CN113402437B - 一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法 - Google Patents
一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法,属于药物化学合成技术领域。该方法以N‑乙酰基血清素为起始原料,经一步甲基化反应得到褪黑素,合成工艺简单,合成工艺条件温和,收率高为98.5%以上,质量好,含量大于99.5%,完全符合USP42标准。本发明提供合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法节省了成本且易于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法。
背景技术
褪黑素,又名褪黑激素,其化学名为N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺,褪黑素是人类大脑松果体分泌产生的一种吲哚类激素,它主要作用是维护人体自身生理节奏的昼夜节律,有利于睡眠,它具有增强人体免疫功能抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,褪黑素还可能对中枢神经系统有抑制作用;是一种比维生素E更有效的过氧化基清除剂,另外它对生长发育、性功能和许多器官起调节作用。
褪黑素的合成有不同的工艺,目前主要工艺路线有两条:
1.以多步化学合成得到5-甲氧基色胺,再经乙酰化反应得到褪黑素。专利CN110229092A以5-甲氧基吲哚为起始物经草酰氯酰基化,脱氯氨基化,再用氢化铝锂还原成5-甲氧基色胺,最后乙酰化共计4步反应得到成褪黑素。该方法存在工艺复杂、反应条件苛刻、所用原料对环境危害大,收率低和成本高的缺点。
2.以廉价的4-氨基丁酸为原料,经过羧基的酯化、氨基的酰化、酯的还原、羟基的氧化,醛基的保护得到4-乙酰氨基丁醛缩二甲醚,最后再和对甲氧基苯肼进行关环反应得到褪黑素。专利CN110229092A公开了次合成方法。该方法存在工艺路线长,要使用多种化工原料和有机溶剂,收率低和成本高的缺点。
在WO2011047156A1中描述的技术与本专利近似,但是它的收率低为61.4%,后处理复杂如用溶剂萃取等操作。
N-乙酰基血清素是从血清素到褪黑素的内源性合成中间体。随着合成生物学的迅猛发展,在细胞工厂中实现了酶转化葡萄糖合成N-乙酰基血清素。本申请以N-乙酰基血清素为起始原料,经一步甲基化反应得到褪黑素,合成工艺简单,收率高,为98.5%以上,质量好,含量大于99.5%,完全符合USP42标准。
发明内容
针对目前褪黑素合成工艺复杂、所用化学原料多和收率低成本高的问题提出本发明,本发明该方法以N-乙酰基血清素为起始原料,经一步甲基化反应得到褪黑素,合成工艺简单,合成工艺条件温和,收率高为98.5%以上,质量好,含量大于99.5%,完全符合USP42标准。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法,包括如下具体步骤:
1、氮气保护下将N-乙酰基血清素加入到乙醇水溶液中,再加入相转移催化剂季铵盐如苄基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三丁基溴化铵其中的一种,搅拌下保持10-15min,其中N-乙酰基基血清素与乙醇水溶液的质量比为1:4-1:5,所加入季铵盐催化剂的重量为N-乙酰基基血清素质量的0.3%-0.6%。
2、同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液和甲基化试剂如硫酸二甲酯、碳酸二甲酯和卤代甲烷中的一种,甲基化试剂与N-乙酰基血清素摩尔比为1.1:1-1.2:1,控制滴加温度在20-25℃,滴加过程中通过控制体系pH=11-11.5,滴加时间控制在30-40min,滴加完毕后,保持温度在20-25℃继续反应3-4h,取样中控检测,N-乙酰基血清素剩余量≤0.1g/kg,然后向体系中加稀硫酸中和至体系pH=6-6.5。
3、开启真空装置,保持真空度-0.095至-0.097Mpa,水浴温度设定60-70℃,减压蒸馏出乙醇水,待蒸馏气相温度最高达到50℃,停止减压蒸馏,关闭真空。用冷水快速降温至0-3℃,保持0-3℃搅拌15-20min,然后进行过滤,滤饼用纯化水淋洗,压实抽干得到褪黑素湿品,然后经70-80℃烘干3-4h,得到褪黑素产品,摩尔收率≥98.5%,HPLC纯度在99.5%以上。
本发明的上述制备方法的反应路线如下:
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明以N-乙酰基血清素为起始原料,经一步甲基化反应得到褪黑素,合成工艺简单,合成工艺条件温和,收率高为98.5%以上,质量好,含量大于99.5%,完全符合USP42标准。本发明提供的褪黑素的生产方法节省了成本易于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的新方法,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明中所用试剂或仪器均可由市场购得。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1:
氮气保护下将N-乙酰基血清素21.8g加入到150ml烧瓶中,然后加入15%乙醇水溶液88g,再加入催化剂十六烷基三丁基溴化铵100mg,搅拌保持10min。然后同时滴加30%氢氧化钠溶液和硫酸二甲酯14.49g,控制滴加温度在20-23℃,滴加过程中保持反应体系pH=11-11.3,滴加时间30min,滴加完毕后,保持温度在20-23℃继续反应4h,取样中控检测,N-乙酰基血清素剩余量0.09g/kg,然后向体系中加20%稀硫酸中和至体系pH=6.5。开启真空,保持真空度-0.095至-0.097Mpa,水浴温度设定60-70℃,减压蒸馏出乙醇水,待蒸馏气相温度最高达到50℃,停止减压蒸馏,关闭真空。用冷水快速降温至0-3℃,保持0-3℃搅拌20min,然后进行过滤,滤饼用纯化水淋洗,压实抽干得到褪黑素湿品,然后经70-75℃烘干4h,得到褪黑素产品22.99g,收率99.1%,HPLC含量99.7%。
实施例2:
氮气环境下将N-乙酰基血清素21.8g加入到150ml烧瓶中,然后加入15%乙醇水溶液95g,再加入催化剂苄基三甲基氯化铵130mg,搅拌保持10min。然后同时滴加30%氢氧化钠溶液和硫酸二甲酯15.12g,控制滴加温度在22-25℃,滴加过程中保持反应体系pH=11.1-11.5,滴加时间30min,滴加完毕后,保持温度在20-25℃继续反应3.5h,取样中控检测,N-乙酰基血清素剩余量0.1g/kg,然后向体系中加20%稀硫酸中和至体系pH=6.2。开启真空,保持真空度-0.095至-0.097Mpa,水浴温度设定60-70℃,减压蒸馏出乙醇水,待蒸馏气相温度最高达到48℃,停止减压蒸馏,关闭真空。用冷水快速降温至0℃,保持0-3℃搅拌20min,然后进行过滤,滤饼用纯化水淋洗,压实抽干得到褪黑素湿品,然后经70-75℃烘干4h,得到褪黑素产品22.94g,收率98.9%,HPLC含量99.6%。
实施例3:
氮气环境下将N-乙酰基血清素21.8g加入到150ml烧瓶中,然后加入15%乙醇水溶液105g,再加入催化剂十六烷基三丁基溴化铵66mg,搅拌保持10min。然后同时滴加30%氢氧化钠溶液和硫酸二甲酯14.12g,控制滴加温度在20-25℃,滴加过程中保持反应体系pH=11.0-11.5,滴加时间30min,滴加完毕后,保持温度在20-25℃继续反应4h,取样中控检测,N-乙酰基血清素剩余量小于0.1g/kg,然后向体系中加20%稀硫酸中和至体系pH=6.4。开启真空,保持真空度-0.095至-0.097Mpa,水浴温度设定60-70℃,减压蒸馏出乙醇水,待蒸馏气相温度最高达到50℃,停止减压蒸馏,关闭真空。用冷水快速降温至0℃,保持0-3℃搅拌20min,然后进行过滤,滤饼用纯化水淋洗,压实抽干得到褪黑素湿品,然后经70-75℃烘干4h,得到褪黑素产品22.85g,收率98.5%,HPLC含量99.5%。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种合成膳食补充剂褪黑素的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)氮气保护下将N-乙酰基血清素加入到乙醇水溶液中,再加入相转移催化剂季铵盐,搅拌下保持10-15min;
所述相转移催化剂季铵盐为苄基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三丁基溴化铵中的一种;
所述N-乙酰基血清素与乙醇水溶液的质量比为1:4-1:5,所加入季铵盐催化剂的重量为N-乙酰基血清素质量的0.3%-0.6%;
(2)然后同时滴加氢氧化钠溶液和甲基化试剂,控制滴加温度在20-25℃,滴加过程中通过控制体系pH=11-11.5,滴加时间控制在30-40min,滴加完毕后,保持温度在20-25℃继续反应3-4h,取样中控检测,N-乙酰基血清素剩余量≤0.1g/kg,然后向体系中加稀硫酸中和至体系pH=6-6.5;
所述甲基化试剂为硫酸二甲酯,甲基化试剂与N-乙酰基血清素摩尔比为1.1:1-1.2:1;
(3)开启真空装置,保持真空度-0.095至-0.097Mpa,水浴温度设定60-70℃,减压蒸馏出乙醇水,待蒸馏气相温度最高达到50℃,停止减压蒸馏,关闭真空;
(4)冷盐水快速降温至0-3℃,析晶15-20min,然后进行过滤;
(5)滤饼用纯化水淋洗,压实抽干得到褪黑素湿品,烘干,得到褪黑素产品,收率≥98.5%,HPLC纯度≥99.5%。
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