CN113399619A - Connecting rod forging process - Google Patents
Connecting rod forging process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113399619A CN113399619A CN202010180354.4A CN202010180354A CN113399619A CN 113399619 A CN113399619 A CN 113399619A CN 202010180354 A CN202010180354 A CN 202010180354A CN 113399619 A CN113399619 A CN 113399619A
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- station
- forging
- machine tool
- connecting rod
- cooling device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K3/00—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of workpiece forging processes, and discloses a connecting rod forging process, wherein a blank material is transferred to a forming station of a machine tool by adopting a material taking manipulator; the number of the machine tools is one or more, and each machine tool is provided with one or more forming stations; on the same machine tool, the blank on the upper forming station is transferred to the next forming station by a mechanical arm; a plurality of forming stations alternately work until the working procedure on the machine tool is finished; a transfer device is arranged between every two adjacent machine tools, and the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the forming station of the next machine tool for processing through the transfer device; repeating the step B and the step C until the processing is finished, and collecting blank materials to forge and form the connecting rod; the invention can completely replace manual work to realize the process flow only by setting the heating program, the occupied area of the instrument is reduced, the process flow line is shortened, the investment cost of the instrument and equipment is saved, and the time consumption and the transfer cost of the cross-instrument transfer are also saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of workpiece forging processes, in particular to a connecting rod forging process.
Background
The connecting rod is a core part of the engine, connects the piston and the crankshaft, transmits the force born by the piston to the crankshaft, converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotating motion of the crankshaft, and belongs to a shaft bearing part. The engine piston connecting rod generally comprises a small head, a rod body and a large head, as shown in figure 1, the small head of the connecting rod is connected with a piston pin, and moves relative to the pin when in work, a bushing is arranged in a small head hole, and small holes (oil passages) are drilled on the small head of the connecting rod and the bushing and used for lubricating the small head and the piston pin; the pitman shaft is typically formed with an i-shaped cross-section in an attempt to increase its strength and stiffness. An oil lubricating oil passage is arranged in the middle of the oil lubricating oil passage; the big end of the connecting rod is connected with a crank pin of the crankshaft, the big end is generally divided, the divided part is called a connecting rod cover, a special connecting rod bolt is connected and fastened on the big end of the connecting rod, the connecting rod cover and the big end of the connecting rod are combined and bored, in order to prevent assembly errors, matching marks are arranged on the same side, and the surface of the big end hole has high smoothness so as to be tightly attached to a connecting rod bearing bush.
However, in the existing connecting rod forging process, due to various problems existing in process design, the process period is long, time and labor are consumed, the production efficiency is low, and the quality of a connecting rod workpiece is poor. The process has more steps, particularly, the manual transferring mode causes the production efficiency to be low and the safety is not enough, so the improvement of the connecting rod forging process is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the process in the prior art, the invention provides a connecting rod forging process.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a connecting rod forging process comprises the following steps:
A. transferring the blank material to a forming station of a machine tool by adopting a material taking manipulator; wherein the number of machine tools is
One or more, each machine tool is provided with one or more forming stations;
B. on the same machine tool, the blank on the upper forming station is transferred to the next forming station by a mechanical arm; a plurality of forming stations alternately work until the working procedure on the machine tool is finished;
C. a transfer device is arranged between every two adjacent machine tools, and the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the forming station of the next machine tool for processing through the transfer device;
D. repeating the step B and the step C until the processing is finished, and collecting blank materials to forge and form the connecting rod; if the number of the forming stations on a certain machine tool is one, skipping the step B; if the number of the machine tools is one, the step C is cancelled;
at least one machine tool is correspondingly provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device cools a die on a forming station after processing blank materials on the forming station. If only one machine tool is needed, the step A, B, D is operated, the step D is the step B is repeated until the machining is finished, and the connecting rod obtained by blank material forging forming is collected; if only one station is arranged on a certain machine tool, the step B is not needed on the machine tool, namely, the process that the blank is not transferred to the next forming station through the mechanical arm is absent, and if a plurality of stations are arranged on the next machine tool, the process of the step B is still needed to transfer the blank. The rotary worktable and the lifting frame are arranged on the rack of the manipulator, the rotary worktable rotates on the rack, the lifting frame lifts on the rotary worktable, the lifting frame is provided with a cross arm, the cross arm moves back and forth and is provided with a rotating frame capable of rotating and horizontally rotating, the rotating frame is provided with a left clamping arm and a right clamping arm which are matched with each other to realize clamping and releasing actions, the left clamping arm and the right clamping arm realize the functions of a clamp, and the manipulator can realize the action of clamping a workpiece in a certain distance to transfer and release the workpiece. The structure of the robot is prior art in this field, and therefore the specific structure of the robot is not the point of the invention.
Preferably, if a plurality of forming stations are provided on the machine tool, at least one manipulator for transferring the blank at different forming stations is provided.
Preferably, the cooling device comprises a movable cooling device or/and a fixed cooling device, the movable cooling device comprises a cold punching mechanical arm which is arranged in a front-back telescopic mode, and the cold punching mechanical arm is connected with the water tank and sprays water; the fixed cooling device is arranged on the side or above the processing station and is connected with the water tank and sprays water.
Preferably, the movable cooling device further comprises a movable rail, the cold punching mechanical arm is arranged on the movable rail in a sliding mode and arranged on the movable rail, and the cold punching mechanical arm transversely moves left and right on the movable rail and extends out to the position above the die on the forming station to spray water to cool the die. The cold punching mechanical arm is used for cooling the die in the left-right direction and the front-back direction, three-dimensional positioning can be realized in the upper-lower direction, a good cooling effect is achieved, a certain amount of water is saved, whether the sliding rail needs to transversely move left and right depends on specific needs, and if only one station is arranged, the sliding rail is not needed under general conditions.
Preferably, the transfer equipment in the step C is a mechanical trolley and a mechanical hand, a slide rail is arranged between adjacent machine tools, the mechanical trolley is arranged on the slide rail, the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the mechanical trolley through the mechanical hand, and the mechanical trolley is transferred to the next machine tool through the mechanical hand after being conveyed to a target point on the slide rail; or the transfer equipment in the step C is a mechanical arm, and the blank material is directly transferred to an adjacent machine tool through the mechanical arm.
Preferably, the forming station comprises one or more of a heating station, a primary forging station, a final forging station, a finish forging station, a waste removing station and a transition station.
Preferably, the mold on the forming station comprises an upper mold and a lower mold, the lower mold is provided with a lifting demolding structure, the demolding structure is arranged in the lower mold in a telescopic mode, the demolding structure rises to eject the blank material for demolding, and the demolding structure descends and retracts into the lower mold after the manipulator clamps the blank material.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: conveying the blank material to a pre-forging station for pre-forging through a manipulator, and transferring the blank material subjected to pre-forging to a first finish-forging station through transfer equipment; the blank material on the first finish forging station is transferred to a second finish forging station through a mechanical arm for further forging and pressing, and a fixed cooling device and a movable cooling device of a cooling device are opened to position and cool a die on the first finish forging station; the blank material on the second finish forging station is transferred to the finish forging station through a mechanical arm for further forging and forming, and a cooling device is used for positioning and cooling the die on the second finish forging station; after processing, a blank material on a precision forging station is processed and then transferred to a waste removing station through a mechanical trolley and a mechanical arm to remove waste, and a cooling device cools a die on the precision forging station; and after waste removal is finished, the connecting rod is obtained, and the mould on the waste removal station is cooled by the manipulator transferring and cooling device. The finish forging station is one or more stations, if a plurality of finish forging stations are arranged, the workpiece after the finish forging is completed is transferred to the next finish forging station through a manipulator, and the workpiece after the finish forging on all the finish forging stations is transferred to the finish forging station; if a finish forging station is arranged, the workpiece after finish forging and forging is directly transferred to the finish forging station through a manipulator. The machining precision of the workpiece can be improved through one or more times of finish forging, for example, the finish forging is divided into forging in the vertical direction and forging in the horizontal direction, multidirectional forging can reduce machining allowance, waste removal can be carried out once or more, and whether forging and waste removal processes are carried out or not and the number of times of carrying out are selected according to the requirement on the precision of the connecting rod. The finish forging and the finish forging are all completed on one instrument, only one cold punching mechanical arm is needed, the same driving device is used, the energy is saved, and the occupied area of the instrument is reduced
Preferably, the forming station further comprises a cutting and segmenting station and a heating station. The blank is cut into sections and heated and insulated.
Preferably, the shaving waste station comprises one or more of an edge cutting station, a punching station, a correcting station and an edge cutting and punching station, and workpieces on the blank shaving waste station are shaved and transferred to the next shaving waste station for shaving until shaving waste is completed.
The automatic manhole control device further comprises a control device, wherein the control device comprises machines such as a forging instrument and a manipulator and a conveying device, the operation period, time, temperature, stroke and the like are set to realize the automation of the process, the cost of manhole control is saved, and the process precision is also improved.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: the invention can completely replace manual work to realize the process flow only by setting a heating program.
The process flow line is shortened, the investment cost of instruments and equipment is saved, and the time consumption and the transfer cost of cross-instrument transfer are also saved.
When the workpiece is transferred to the next station, the previous station is subjected to cold punching, and the cooling device sprays water for cooling the die at the accurate positioning position, so that the temperature of the die is reduced, and the die is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh temperature caused by forging and pressing, and the forging precision is influenced.
The next blank can be cooled and received for processing after being transferred to the next station and the previous station in the process, the process is compact and high in efficiency, the forging precision is improved by the aid of unlimited times of forging and pressing for improving the forging and pressing speed of die forging, and the stations and the number of the stations for adding the process can be set according to specific requirements, so that the production benefit is higher, and the adaptability is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is another schematic structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A connecting rod forging process comprises the following steps:
A. transferring the blank material to a forming station of a machine tool by adopting a material taking manipulator; wherein the number of machine tools is
One or more, each machine tool is provided with one or more forming stations; the machine tool refers to a production device, and a plurality of forming processes can be completed on one device;
B. on the same machine tool, the blank on the upper forming station is transferred to the next forming station by a mechanical arm; a plurality of forming stations alternately work until the working procedure on the machine tool is finished;
C. a transfer device is arranged between every two adjacent machine tools, and the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the forming station of the next machine tool for processing through the transfer device;
D. repeating the step B and the step C until the processing is finished, and collecting blank materials to forge and form the connecting rod; if the number of the forming stations on a certain machine tool is one, skipping the step B; if the number of the machine tools is one, the step C is cancelled;
at least one machine tool is correspondingly provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device cools a die on a forming station after processing blank materials on the forming station.
If the machine tool is provided with a plurality of forming stations, at least one manipulator for transferring the blank at different forming stations is correspondingly arranged.
The cooling device comprises a movable cooling device or/and a fixed cooling device, the movable cooling device comprises a cold punching mechanical arm which is arranged in a front-back telescopic mode, and the cold punching mechanical arm is connected with the water tank and sprays water; the fixed cooling device is arranged on the side or above the processing station and is connected with the water tank and sprays water.
The movable cooling device further comprises a movable rail, the cold punching mechanical arm is arranged on the movable rail in a sliding mode and is arranged on the movable rail, the cold punching mechanical arm transversely moves left and right on the movable rail and extends out to the position above the die on the forming station, and water is sprayed to cool the die. The transfer equipment in the step C is a mechanical trolley and a mechanical hand, a sliding rail is arranged between adjacent machine tools, the mechanical trolley is arranged on the sliding rail, the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the mechanical trolley through the mechanical hand, and the mechanical trolley is transferred to the next machine tool through the mechanical hand after being conveyed to a target point on the sliding rail; or the transfer equipment in the step C is a mechanical arm, and the blank material is directly transferred to an adjacent machine tool through the mechanical arm.
The forming station comprises one or more of a heating station, a primary forging station, a final forging station, a precision forging station, a waste removing station and a transition station.
The mould on the forming station comprises an upper mould and a lower mould, the lower mould is provided with a lifting demoulding structure, the demoulding structure is arranged in the lower mould in a telescopic mode, the demoulding structure rises to push the blank material upwards for demoulding, and the manipulator clamps the blank material and then the demoulding structure descends and retracts into the lower mould.
In the figure 1, a machine tool 1 with three forming stations, a machine tool 2 with one forming station, a slide rail is arranged between the machine tool 1 and the machine tool 2, a mechanical trolley 3 is arranged on the slide rail, a mechanical hand transfers a workpiece to the mechanical trolley 3, the mechanical trolley 3 moves to one side of the machine tool 2, and the machine tool 2 is transferred to the station of the machine tool 2 through another mechanical hand. The machine tool 1 is transferred on three forming stations through a manipulator, and two sides of the machine tool are provided with fixed cooling devices. In fig. 2, 1 is a machine tool with three forming stations, 2 is a machine tool with one forming station, and the workpiece after the price of the machine tool 1 is completed is transferred to the station of the machine tool 2 through a mechanical arm. A movable cooling device 4 is arranged behind the station of the machine tool 1, and a cold punching manipulator of the movable cooling device slides left and right on a slide rail. Fig. 1 and 2 are merely two embodiments of the present invention, and do not cover all embodiments.
Example 2
The process comprises the following steps: conveying the blank material to a pre-forging station for pre-forging through a manipulator, and transferring the blank material subjected to pre-forging to a first finish-forging station through transfer equipment; the blank material on the first finish forging station is transferred to a second finish forging station through a mechanical arm for further forging and pressing, and a fixed cooling device and a movable cooling device of a cooling device are opened to position and cool a die on the first finish forging station; the blank material on the second finish forging station is transferred to the finish forging station through a mechanical arm for further forging and forming, and a cooling device is used for positioning and cooling the die on the second finish forging station; after processing, a blank material on a precision forging station is processed and then transferred to a waste removing station through a mechanical trolley and a mechanical arm to remove waste, and a cooling device cools a die on the precision forging station; and after waste removal is finished, the connecting rod is obtained, and the mould on the waste removal station is cooled by the manipulator transferring and cooling device. The finish forging station is one or more stations, if a plurality of finish forging stations are arranged, the workpiece after the finish forging is completed is transferred to the next finish forging station through a manipulator, and the workpiece after the finish forging on all the finish forging stations is transferred to the finish forging station; if a finish forging station is arranged, the workpiece after finish forging and forging is directly transferred to the finish forging station through a manipulator.
The automatic manhole control device further comprises a control device, wherein the control device comprises machines such as a forging instrument and a manipulator and a conveying device, the operation period, time, temperature, stroke and the like are set to realize the automation of the process, the cost of manhole control is saved, and the process precision is also improved.
Example 3
A connecting rod forging process comprises the following steps:
A. putting the blank material into an intermediate frequency furnace for heating, and preserving the heat of the blank material after heating to a set temperature;
B. b, transferring the blank material obtained in the step A to a pre-forging station by adopting a material taking manipulator;
C. pre-forging is carried out, and the workpiece after pre-forging is transferred to a final forging station through a manipulator;
D. forging and pressing the workpiece on the finish forging station, and transferring the forged and pressed workpiece; cooling the pre-forging station by the cold punching mechanical arm;
E. d, transferring the forged and pressed workpiece to a finish forging station, and cooling the finish forging station by using a cold punching manipulator;
F. performing precision forging on the workpiece, transferring the forged and forged workpiece to a waste shaving station, and cooling the precision forging station by using a cold punching manipulator; the method comprises the following steps that a workpiece trimming station on a shaving waste station is subjected to trimming, a manipulator transfers a blank to a punching station to punch a hole after trimming, another manipulator clamps and collects the waste left after trimming and transfers the waste to a collecting station, a cooling device cools the trimming station, a connecting rod is obtained after blank materials are punched, the connecting rod is transferred to a transition station to be cooled and then collected, and a cold punching manipulator cools the punching station.
In summary, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and particularly, the manipulator of the present invention mainly adopts a commercially available robot with a manipulator arm, and the implementation of the forging station depends on the punch press of the prior art, the present invention improves the layout of the whole manufacturing process, and particularly, a device capable of cooling the mold is additionally arranged on the forging station to protect the abrasion at the cutting edge of the mold, and the cooling device can realize the forward and backward movement to avoid the closing of the mold, and the left and right movement to realize the cooling of the molds of multiple stations; the mechanical trolley is named by the applicant, the left and right movement is realized through a slide block guide rail and a power source, the movement can also be realized through a chain and a conveying belt which are connected with the power source, and the slide block is provided with a variable platform for placing the workpiece. The present invention starts from the idea of the invention, the connection between the forging presses is realized by a mechanical arm, the forging presses are provided with devices for cooling the die to protect the die, and the mechanical trolley can be arranged according to the requirement to replace the prior manual work, therefore, the present invention has outstanding substantive features and obvious progress compared with the prior art, and the specific structures can be equally changed and modified according to the patent application scope of the present invention, and all belong to the coverage of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A connecting rod forging process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. transferring the blank material to a forming station of a machine tool by adopting a material taking manipulator; wherein the number of machine tools is
One or more, each machine tool is provided with one or more forming stations;
B. on the same machine tool, the blank on the upper forming station is transferred to the next forming station by a mechanical arm; a plurality of forming stations alternately work until the working procedure on the machine tool is finished;
C. a transfer device is arranged between every two adjacent machine tools, and the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the forming station of the next machine tool for processing through the transfer device;
D. repeating the step B and the step C until the processing is finished, and collecting blank materials to forge and form the connecting rod; if the number of the forming stations on a certain machine tool is one, skipping the step B; if the number of the machine tools is one, the step C is cancelled;
at least one machine tool is correspondingly provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device cools a die on a forming station after processing blank materials on the forming station.
2. The connecting rod forging process according to claim 1, wherein: if the machine tool is provided with a plurality of forming stations, at least one manipulator for transferring the blank at different forming stations is correspondingly arranged.
3. The connecting rod forging process according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling device comprises a movable cooling device or/and a fixed cooling device, the movable cooling device comprises a cold punching mechanical arm which is arranged in a front-back telescopic mode, and the cold punching mechanical arm is connected with the water tank and sprays water; the fixed cooling device is arranged on the side or above the processing station and is connected with the water tank and sprays water.
4. The connecting rod forging process according to claim 3, wherein: the movable cooling device further comprises a movable rail, the cold punching mechanical arm is arranged on the movable rail in a sliding mode and is arranged on the movable rail, the cold punching mechanical arm transversely moves left and right on the movable rail and extends out to the position above the die on the forming station, and water is sprayed to cool the die.
5. The connecting rod forging process according to claim 1, wherein: the transfer equipment in the step C is a mechanical trolley and a mechanical hand, a sliding rail is arranged between adjacent machine tools, the mechanical trolley is arranged on the sliding rail, the blank on the previous machine tool is transferred to the mechanical trolley through the mechanical hand, and the mechanical trolley is transferred to the next machine tool through the mechanical hand after being conveyed to a target point on the sliding rail; or the transfer equipment in the step C is a mechanical arm, and the blank material is directly transferred to an adjacent machine tool through the mechanical arm.
6. The connecting rod forging process according to claim 1, wherein: the forming station comprises one or more of a heating station, a primary forging station, a final forging station, a precision forging station, a waste removing station and a transition station.
7. The connecting rod forging process according to claim 1, wherein: the mould on the forming station comprises an upper mould and a lower mould, the lower mould is provided with a lifting demoulding structure, the demoulding structure is arranged in the lower mould in a telescopic mode, the demoulding structure rises to push the blank material upwards for demoulding, and the manipulator clamps the blank material and then the demoulding structure descends and retracts into the lower mould.
8. Connecting rod forging process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: conveying the blank material to a pre-forging station for pre-forging through a manipulator, and transferring the blank material subjected to pre-forging to a first finish-forging station through transfer equipment; the blank material on the first finish forging station is transferred to a second finish forging station through a mechanical arm for further forging and pressing, and a fixed cooling device and a movable cooling device of a cooling device are opened to position and cool a die on the first finish forging station; the blank material on the second finish forging station is transferred to the finish forging station through a mechanical arm for further forging and forming, and a cooling device is used for positioning and cooling the die on the second finish forging station; after processing, a blank material on a precision forging station is processed and then transferred to a waste removing station through a mechanical trolley and a mechanical arm to remove waste, and a cooling device cools a die on the precision forging station; and after waste removal is finished, the connecting rod is obtained, and the mould on the waste removal station is cooled by the manipulator transferring and cooling device.
9. The connecting rod forging process as recited in claim 8, wherein: the forming station also comprises a shearing and segmenting station and a heating station.
10. The connecting rod forging process as recited in claim 8, wherein: the shaving waste station comprises one or more of an edge cutting station, a punching station, a correcting station and an edge cutting and punching station, and workpieces on the blank shaving waste station are subjected to shaving waste and then transferred to the next shaving waste station for shaving waste until the shaving waste is finished.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010180354.4A CN113399619A (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2020-03-16 | Connecting rod forging process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010180354.4A CN113399619A (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2020-03-16 | Connecting rod forging process |
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Application publication date: 20210917 |
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