CN105081092A - Modular hot forming tool - Google Patents

Modular hot forming tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105081092A
CN105081092A CN201510488844.XA CN201510488844A CN105081092A CN 105081092 A CN105081092 A CN 105081092A CN 201510488844 A CN201510488844 A CN 201510488844A CN 105081092 A CN105081092 A CN 105081092A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hot
profiled section
forming die
mould
supporting mould
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Pending
Application number
CN201510488844.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
G·弗罗斯特
M·尼泽
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of CN105081092A publication Critical patent/CN105081092A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/02Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A hot forming tool 2 for the production of a press hardened sheet steel product includes an upper tool and a lower tool 1. At least one of the upper and lower tools 1 has a base plate 3, a carrier tool 4 mounted on the base plate 3, and a mold segment 5 exchangeably received in the carrier tool 4 and configured specific to the sheet steel product.

Description

Modularization hot-forming die
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hot-forming die for the manufacture of compressing steel sheet product of feature according to claim 1 preamble.
The invention still further relates to a kind of hot forming production line of feature according to claim 15 preamble.
The invention still further relates to a kind of method of hot forming production line of feature according to claim 17.
Background technology
By the known hot forming of prior art and pressure quench technology.The metal product be made up of hardenable steel alloy is processed shaping in hot state, is then cooled fast as follows, makes it be quenched and be hardened simultaneously.
Mostly provide slab in an initial condition, then these slabs reach the temperature higher than austenitic temperature in temperature adjustment station or stove.Then be placed to by the slab heated like this and shape in mould and processed shaping under the state having localized heat at least.At this, relative cold state higher deformation extent be possible.Processed shaping however also the steel sheet product of heat then cooled rapidly as follows, make the regioinvertions being in austenitic state be martensitic and hard thus structural state.These great majority complete shaping in mould self, and this is then also referred to as pressure quench mould.The cooling duct of being responsible for corresponding heat radiation is provided with in pressure quench mould self.Because pressure quench mould is again be made up of tool steel mostly, so need the expense raised, to process corresponding cooling duct in pressure quench mould.
Alternatively, such as, by the known a kind of Design of Dies of EP1922162B1, wherein, the mold half (Formhaelfte) its dorsal part with rib structure is threadingly attached on mould, thus is configured with channel system, to guide cooling fluid.
The shortcoming of the die design schemes that the hot forming of being made up of tool steel and pressure quench mould or upper joint are mentioned is the steel sheet product being only applicable to manufacture.Steel sheet product relates to for universal machine but especially for automobile making and at this again especially for the component on vehicle body and/or chassis.Such as automobile pillar, door anti-collision joist and particularly automotive structural members such as threshold vehicle, roof cross beam etc. manufactured by hot forming and pressure quench technology.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: provide a kind of hot-forming die for the manufacture of extrusion forming steel sheet product from prior art, hot forming and pressure quench process can be implemented by this hot-forming die, wherein, the low manufacturing cost of mould itself can be realized and can alterability be realized to the modular applications of mould and/or when reducing operating cost.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved by the hot-forming die for the manufacture of pressure quench steel sheet product according to claim 1 feature according to invention.
Described object is in addition by being achieved according to the hot forming production line of claim 15 feature.
Described method part is in addition by by being achieved according to the method for claim 17 feature.
Useful design modification is the theme of dependent claims.
The hot-forming die for the manufacture of pressure quench steel sheet product according to invention has upper die and lower die; it is characterized in that; patrix is or/and counterdie is formed by base plate structure; and on substrate, be equipped with supporting mould, in this supporting mould, accommodate the specific profiled section of at least one removable product.
Therefore within the scope of the invention it is likely that provide a kind of basic diel, it has upper die and lower die, and wherein, the relative motion of upper die and lower die energy, particularly by making patrix decline.Patrix and/or counterdie self are formed by base plate structure again, are equipped with at least one supporting mould on the substrate.Supporting mould refers to such connecting mold especially, and this connecting mold holds the specific profiled section of net product or mould.Therefore supporting mould can have the accommodation point for profiled section self on the one hand, and supporting mould can also have other interface, particularly cooling duct interface in addition, and profiled section can connect for implementing pressure quench process with them.Within the scope of the invention it is also contemplated that: in order to regulate the temperature of profiled section, in supporting mould, be configured with the register of such as inductor form.Within the scope of the invention optionally or additional project, register can also be integrated in removable profiled section.
In a kind of enforcement modification preferentially of the present invention, not only can change the specific profiled section of product, and opposing substrate supporting mould also can be changed.Therefore first it is likely that produce the A pillar of automobile component such as car model 1.If production line should be converted to now the similar automobile pillar of car model 2, so only need to change product specific profiled section, this is because also the physical dimension of automobile pillar is under discussion roughly the same.If such as manufacture the irregular part of physical dimension such as center tunnel or roof cross beam on the other hand, so physical dimension is devious.Therefore replace the type of the automobile component that need manufacture, this makes to change supporting mould is also necessary.For this reason, to be designed to opposing substrate replaceable equally for supporting mould.
In order to debug process rapidly and efficiently can be realized, alternatively, the specific profiled section of the product on the supporting mould on substrate, particularly supporting mould connects with quick clamping system and/or quick coupling system respectively.Be provided with actuating unit especially in this case, these actuating units then such as carry out kayser with the mode of electromechanics and/or pneumatic mode or this other form and/or hook.Thus it is not necessary that: the profiled section of the weight of hundreds of kilograms and/or supporting mould are fastened on support with being similar to connection with hundreds of a large amount of screw elements.By unclamping quick clamping system simply it is likely that remove mechanical interlocking, replacing supporting mould and/or profiled section, and then again connected by locking quick clamping system.Quick coupling system especially for, such as, for transmitting the Transfer pipe of cooling fluid and/or interface realizes when not having further special debugging step connecting equally.
In addition particularly preferably be: profiled section construction itself becomes multi-piece type.At this, profiled section can laterally and/or longitudinally be divided into several shaping subsegments.Especially, this is modified to the local of the automobile component that need manufacture is significant, this is because each shaping subsegment can be mutually isolated.Again it is likely that carry out different temperature adjustments to each shaping subsegment, particularly carry out cooling different from each other.Described different cooling can design especially as follows, that is, the not cooled fluid of each cooling duct interface of a corresponding shaping subsegment or cooling medium flow through.Profiled section such as can be inserted in supporting mould by closing cock again and to be achieved by this.By closing cock, cooling fluid is not had to flow through the shaping subsegment of each expectation.Also such as can arrange corresponding valve in supporting mould, these valves stop and/or minimizing cooling medium flows through corresponding shaping subsegment, thus realize lower cooling effectiveness in the shaping subsegment of this relative surplus.
Profiled section self is real shaping dies.Especially, on upper die and lower die, be respectively configured with a profiled section, these profiled sections are rabbeted mutually when hot-forming die closes and are formed intermode space, and when slab is inserted, the steel sheet product of distortion is in this intermode space.Especially, this profiled section abutting in upper die and lower die realizes quench hardening by the cooling of profiled section.
Especially, profiled section or when profiled section is applied on upper die and lower die, profiled section can be directly cooled or scheme or alternative can be indirectly cooled as a supplement.Directly can cool and mean that profiled section self has cooling duct and/or at least directly contacts with cooling fluid.This such as also can construct as follows, that is, at the back side of profiled section self and/or be configured with groove system on supporting mould, the cooling fluid guided thus is contacted with profiled section.
In framework of the present invention, cooling means indirectly, and profiled section self does not have cooling duct, and supporting mould has corresponding cooling passage system, and when cooling support mould, profiled section is also indirectly cooled.The intermediate layer with the high capacity of heat transmission is particularly preferably set for this reason between supporting mould and profiled section.Indirect cooling can also as the additional project of directly cooling.May be considered that in framework of the present invention: profiled section self is made up of light metal especially aluminium alloy and is particularly preferably provided with abrasion protection plate.Similarly, the intermediate layer with the high capacity of heat transmission can be set between abrasion protection plate and core rod section (Kernsegment).In framework of the present invention, the same core rod section relatively of abrasion protection plate is again removable, thus only needs to change abrasion protection plate when the wearing and tearing aggravation of abrasion protection plate, and this makes to reduce according to the maintenance cost of hot-forming die of the present invention.Alternatively it is likely that profiled section self is made up of steel, particularly material steel (werkstoffstahl).
If should manufacture other steel sheet product in hot-forming die according to the present invention at this, such as hot-forming die is up to the present for the manufacture of B pillar, should manufacture now A pillar or such as roof cross beam, so only needs to change profiled section.So there is no necessity and again manufacture complete core rod, this core rod is provided with corresponding cooling channel structure in addition.This has the topmost advantage of the present invention herein: need not prepare preparatory cost and warehouse cost in advance for different whole moulds or complete press device on the one hand, and simultaneously by only changing the manufacturing cost that profiled section also maintains low real mould.Can also by profiled section self is simply changed or reprocesses or change simply, fast and at low cost to the production tolerance during production technology or/and variation react.Relatively basic and that supporting mould is less profiled section can be processed more simply and therefore, it is possible to by cost lower manufacture and/or more easily reprocessed or be convenient to prepare in advance.
Particularly preferably construct cooling system as follows, that is, profiled section self has cooling duct, the preferably through hole of cooling duct, particularly linearly extended well format.This cooling duct again can at low cost and manufacture be set to more simply in profiled section.The modularity of hot-forming die particularly preferably sets in addition: supporting mould is used for the particularly standardized cooling duct interface of profiled section.This means in framework of the present invention: each removable profiled section has the identical interface for supporting mould cooling duct interface, and when changing profiled section simply, each is correspondingly guided through profiled section via the cooling medium that supporting mould can be inserted and in order to implement quench hardening process for autotelic heat extraction thus.It is also possible that only use a part of cooling duct interface of supporting mould relatively, only to implement Local cooling in profiled section with component.
Particularly preferably, supporting mould has accommodation cavity, and profiled section is received in this accommodation cavity at least partly.Preferably, the profile holding cavity is rectangle.In accommodation cavity self, between profiled section and supporting mould, be provided with the opening that next-door neighbour is arranged, cooling fluid can be passed.At this, in framework of the present invention, described opening goes out to be configured with seal in transition.In framework of the present invention, profiled section and being flatly close to each other of supporting mould can realize enough sealings, and thus cooling fluid may flow into insignificant periphery.
In addition particularly preferably be: holding the bottom of cavity or alternatively on the opposed side holding cavity, be configured with cooling duct interface in supporting mould.Especially, by the cooling duct interface on opposed sidewall, cooling medium can be guided through the through hole be arranged in profiled section.At cooling duct interface configurations when holding the bottom of cavity, cooling fluid is correspondingly directed in the cooling passage system of profiled section by bottom.
Also conceivable in framework of the present invention: particularly when the overall size of the steel sheet product that need manufacture has less external dimensions, to manufacture two or more steel sheet products simultaneously.On substrate, assemble two supporting moulds side by side for this reason, because of and be arranged side by side two profiled sections equally.It is also possible that manufacture steel sheet product different from each other in a forming process or in an extrusion cycle.Especially it is likely that such as manufacture a pair automobile pillar or roof cross beam respectively, thus in an extrusion cycle, the automobile pillar in the left side of same vehicle and the automobile pillar on right side can be manufactured in a hot-forming die simultaneously.
The present invention relates to a kind of hot forming production line with the hot-forming die of at least one above-mentioned feature in addition.In addition hot forming production line also has heater, is especially connected to stove according to hot-forming die upstream of the present invention, this hot forming production line and have optional trimming unit.Between each mould, there is corresponding transmission unit, such as industry mechanical arm, it transports the slab that need process and/or the component be shaped further.Advantage of the present invention is: the product manufactured in order to different need, and hot forming production line can by especially simply, effectively and reequip at low cost, and portion's wall is changed or prepared whole hot-forming die in advance.If such as production line produces the automobile pillar that is used for dilly and then this production line application, in producing the automobile pillar of medium sized vehicle, so only needs to change profiled section.Furnace apparatus such as identically can heat slab as continuous furnace, transmitting device only needs to carry out programming and/or changing with small variation in grabbing device, and also correspondingly can reequip hot forming and pressure quench mould rapidly by changing profiled section.But hot forming production line when changing product type liquid can with similar fast, the effective and mode of economy changed.Therefore possible that, first manufacture automobile pillar, and then manufacture component, such as center tunnel obviously larger in automobile.Heater and transmitting device can be used equally at this.By correspondingly reequip at least profiled section, preferably also have supporting mould in this case, make to may be used in addition manufacturing center tunnel according to hot-forming die of the present invention.Thus it is likely that in production scene, when do not have expense many and take up an area many measures prepare mould for the manufacture of different automobile component in advance, and similarly, realize the change to producing by die change fast.
Utilize can be applied in like products in addition according to mould of the present invention two production batch between when occurring to change, these products or manufacture successively in time, or cause time upper interruption owing to manufacturing different product between and it is essential that must profiled section be changed due to wearing and tearing and/or the production tolerance that no longer maintains.For this reason by simple especially mode it is likely that hot-forming die is separated with cooling recirculation system interface, and then profiled section taken off from supporting mould or supporting mould is taken off together with profiled section from hot-forming die, and replacing together with supporting mould with new profiled section or new profiled section.Especially, the supporting mould using current position can be continued, this is because geometric accuracy and/or wearing and tearing are mainly reflected on mould for this reason.Be equipped with thus and greatly reduce according to the replacing construction of the hot forming production line of hot-forming die of the present invention and maintenance time, which in turn reduces production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Other advantage, characteristic sum viewpoint of the present invention will elaborate in the following description.Preferred form of implementation modification is shown in the diagram.These contribute to understanding the present invention more simply.
Fig. 1 illustrates the perspective view of the counterdie according to hot-forming die of the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates mould top view;
Fig. 3 illustrates the mould of the hatching III-III along Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 illustrates the alternative design modification according to hot-forming die of the present invention.
Even if cancel for simplifying reason the description repeated in the accompanying drawings, but use identical Reference numeral for identical or similar component.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 illustrates the counterdie 1 according to hot-forming die 2 of the present invention.Counterdie 1 has a substrate 3 for this reason, is provided with the supporting mould 4 assembled side by side on the substrate 3.Be set with again on the supporting mould 4 in left side about view plane or accommodating profiled section 5 at least partly.For this reason, obviously can see about the supporting mould 4 of view on right side the accommodation cavity 6 being configured with and there is rectangular configuration.For this reason, the real mould 5b that the base plate that profiled section 5 itself is divided into supporting accommodation section 5a form is given prominence to relative supporting accommodation section 5a.On patrix not shown further, at real mould 5b, preferably on removable profiled section, be also provided with complementary mould.In the bottom 7 holding cavity 6, be configured with cooling duct interface 8, not shown further in FIG, then the cooling fluid aside imported is sent in profiled section 5 by this cooling duct interface.Alternative is also conceivable: do not illustrate that cooling fluid can import in profiled section 5 via cooling duct interface 10 from holding the sidewall 9 of cavity 6 further.Profiled section 5 can connect with supporting mould 4 via securing member not shown further is releasable.This external this illustrates, the cooling duct interface 10 of the side direction on supporting mould 4, and cooling duct then can import to hot-forming die 2 from cooling device not shown further, heat exchanger or liquid storage pool by this cooling duct interface.
Fig. 2 illustrates the top view of the counterdie 1 of hot-forming die 2.Appreciable is that the steel plate steel sheet product of profiled section 5, the B pillar form in left side in view plane can manufacture.Fig. 2 is only for illustration of invention thought.In practice, two supporting moulds are respectively designed with a profiled section.In addition illustrate: profiled section is divided into multiple shaping subsegment (5.1 along its longitudinal direction 18,5.2,5.3,5.4,, thus make each shaping subsegment can be provided with insulating barrier or insulating coating by temperature adjustment differently from one another alternatively between two adjacent shaping subsegments 5.5).
Fig. 3 illustrates the sectional elevation along Fig. 2 hatching III-III.This can clear it is seen that: the cooling duct interface 8 of the side of supporting mould 4 guides a cooling duct 11 through supporting mould 4 respectively, and these cooling ducts are then in the bottom of supporting mould 4 out.At this, the cooling duct of supporting mould 4 incorporates particularly supporting in cooling duct in the 5a of accommodation section or cooling passage system 12 of profiled section 5.Cooling duct 11 itself is all configured to the form in linearly extended hole, thus can realize the especially simple and manufacture of low cost thus.When cooling passage system 12 of profiled section 5, it such as can be closed by closing cock in about the region of view plane on right side.Alternatively, also only may be configured with through hole in profiled section 5, these through holes extend in the view from left to right, and wherein, relevant cooling duct 11 extends from the sidewall 9 holding cavity 6 to opposed sidewall 9 separately by profiled section 5.
Such as Fig. 4 illustrates so a kind of design modification.At this, profiled section 5 comprises again core rod section 13 and cover installs to the abrasion protection plate 14 in core rod section 13.Through hole 15 is directed for direct cooling forming section 5 through core rod section 13 self, and these through holes are set to extend to opposed sidewall 9 from a sidewall 9 from the cooling duct interface 10 of supporting mould 4 not shown further.
Conceivable within the scope of this invention: only profiled section 5 has cooling duct interface 10, supporting mould 4 itself is not configured for the fluid guiding corresponding cooling medium yet.
In addition shown in Figure 4: not only on patrix 16 but also counterdie 1, removable profiled section 5 is arranged on supporting mould 4.Supporting mould 4 can connect with quick clamping system not shown further and/or the system that is coupled fast by relatively corresponding substrate 3 equally.The hold down gag 17 that relative profiled section 5 can be movable relatively is shown in addition, and it connects with the profiled section 5 of bottom.Hold down gag 17 self can be changed with profiled section 5.Alternatively not shown further have: hold down gag 17 directly connects with supporting mould 4, can change dividually thus with profiled section 5.Such as profiled section 5 caught by pressing plate 17 for this reason.
Reference numerals list
1 counterdie
2 hot-forming dies
3 substrates
4 supporting moulds
5 profiled sections
5a supports accommodation section
5b mould
5.1 shaping subsegments
5.2 shaping subsegments
5.3 shaping subsegments
5.4 shaping subsegments
5.5 shaping subsegments
6 hold cavity
The bottom of 76
8 cooling duct interfaces
The sidewall of 96
The cooling duct interface of 105
The cooling duct of 114
The cooling passage system of 125
13 core rod sections
14 abrasion protection plates
15 through holes
16 patrixes
17 hold down gags
The longitudinal direction of 185

Claims (18)

1. hot-forming die (2), it is for the manufacture of pressure quench steel sheet product, this hot-forming die has upper die and lower die (1), it is characterized in that, patrix and/or counterdie (1) comprise substrate (3) and be equipped with supporting mould (4) on this substrates (3), in described supporting mould (4), hold the specific profiled section of removable product (5).
2. hot-forming die according to claim 1, is characterized in that, supporting mould (4) removably connects with substrate.
3. hot-forming die according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, supporting mould (4) and/or profiled section (5) can connect with quick clamping system and/or quick coupling system respectively.
4. hot-forming die according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, comprise multiple shaping subsegment (5.1,5.2 profiled section (5) multi-piece type, 5.3,5.4,5.5), particularly at least two shaping subsegments (5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.5) connect mutually when inserting thermal insulation layer.
5. hot-forming die according to any one of claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, supporting mould (4) and/or the specific profiled section of product (5) are coolable.
6. hot-forming die according to any one of claim 1 to 5; it is characterized in that; profiled section (5) is especially made up of aluminium light metal, be particularly preferably configured with abrasion protection plate (14), or described profiled section is especially made up of tool steel steel.
7. hot-forming die according to any one of claim 1 to 6, is characterized in that, profiled section (5) has cooling duct and/or cooling passage system (12).
8. the hot-forming die according to any one of the claims, is characterized in that, profiled section can be locally cooled, and particularly shaping subsegment can be cooled by with temperature different mutually.
9. hot-forming die according to any one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that, supporting mould (4) has cooling duct (11), and/or supporting mould (4) has the cooling duct interface (8) for profiled section (5).
10. the hot-forming die according to any one of the claims, is characterized in that, cooling duct interface (8) can connect with the cooling duct of removable profiled section (5).
11. hot-forming dies according to any one of the claims 1 to 10, is characterized in that, cooling duct linear structure, are particularly configured to through hole (15).
12. hot-forming dies according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, it is characterized in that, profiled section (5) comprises supporting accommodation section (5a) mould (5b) outstanding with this supporting accommodation section (5a) relative, particularly support accommodation section (5a) and mould (5b) integrally and material construct in the same manner.
13. hot-forming dies according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, it is characterized in that, profiled section (5) is directly cooled, and/or profiled section (5) cools via supporting mould (4) indirectly.
14. hot-forming dies according to the claims 1 to 13, it is characterized in that, supporting mould (4) has accommodation cavity (6), and this accommodation cavity is used for holding profiled section (5) at least in part, especially for accommodation supporting accommodation section (5a).
15. according to the hot-forming die described in claim 1 to 14, it is characterized in that, cooling duct interface (8) is arranged in the bottom (7) holding cavity (6) or holds in the sidewall (9) of cavity (6).
16. hot forming production line, comprise stove, hot-forming die (2), transmission unit and trimming unit, wherein, described hot-forming die (2) constructs like that according to any one of claim 1 to 15, it is characterized in that, in order to manufacture the different product of identical type, at least one profiled section (5) can be changed by the profiled section (5) different from it.
17. hot forming production line, it comprises stove, hot-forming die (2), transmission unit and optionally comprise trimming unit, wherein, described hot-forming die (2) constructs like that according to any one of claim 1 to 15, it is characterized in that, in order to manufacture different types of different product, at least one profiled section (5) and at least one supporting mould (4) are changed by least one supporting mould different from it (4) and profiled section (4).
18. for running the method for the hot forming production line according to claim 16 or 17, it is characterized in that, replacement of products between two batches of different productions realizes in the following manner, namely, hot-forming die (2) is separated with the cooling recirculation system interface of outside for this reason, and then remove from substrate (3) by profiled section (5) or by profiled section (5) together with supporting mould (4), then new profiled section (5) or new profiled section (5) is used to replace together with new supporting mould (4), and be again connected with the cooling recirculation system interface of outside.
CN201510488844.XA 2014-05-22 2015-05-22 Modular hot forming tool Pending CN105081092A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014107210.3 2014-05-22
DE102014107210.3A DE102014107210A1 (en) 2014-05-22 2014-05-22 Modular thermoforming tool

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CN105081092A true CN105081092A (en) 2015-11-25

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DE (1) DE102014107210A1 (en)

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