CN114985671A - Forging method of medium and large bearing ring - Google Patents
Forging method of medium and large bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114985671A CN114985671A CN202210629151.8A CN202210629151A CN114985671A CN 114985671 A CN114985671 A CN 114985671A CN 202210629151 A CN202210629151 A CN 202210629151A CN 114985671 A CN114985671 A CN 114985671A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/04—Making machine elements ball-races or sliding bearing races
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/02—Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap; Notching
- B21D28/14—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
- B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
- B21D28/34—Perforating tools; Die holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
- B21H1/12—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length rings for ball or roller bearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging method of a medium and large bearing ring, which comprises the following steps: step one, putting a round bar into a heating furnace for heating, heating to a preset temperature and carrying out heat preservation treatment; transferring the heated round bar stock to a first station, and simultaneously carrying out upsetting and punching treatment on the round bar stock up and down through two punch dies to complete blank preparation; transferring the blank to a second station, and performing punching, connecting and reaming treatment by using a cutting and expanding device on the second station to finish the preparation of the annular blank; and step four, performing ring rolling on the annular blank by using a ring rolling machine, and cooling to finish the preparation of a finished product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging of medium and large bearing rings, in particular to a forging method of a medium and large bearing ring.
Background
Medium and large bearing rings are commonly used in large machines. Considering the stability and the service life of the bearing ring, the bearing ring at the high end generally requires that the forged metal flow line is distributed on the stressed surface of the parallel forging, thereby avoiding the phenomena of flow line exposure and eddy current generated on the surface and prolonging the service life of the bearing ring. The forging process of the prior ferrule comprises the following steps: heating a bar stock, upsetting, punching the upper end of the bar stock, reversing the bar stock to punch the lower end, punching a connecting skin, expanding a hole and rolling a ring. The steps are complicated, the labor cost is high, and the forging efficiency is low. And is not conducive to automated production.
Therefore, a forging method for a medium-and large-sized bearing ring is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging method of a medium-large bearing ring, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a forging method of a medium and large bearing ring, which comprises the following steps:
step one, putting a round bar into a heating furnace for heating, heating to a preset temperature and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
transferring the heated round bar stock to a first station, and simultaneously carrying out upsetting and punching treatment on the round bar stock up and down through two punch dies to complete blank preparation;
transferring the blank to a second station, and performing punching, connecting and reaming treatment by using a cutting and expanding device on the second station to finish the preparation of the annular blank;
and step four, performing ring rolling on the annular blank by using a ring rolling machine, and cooling to finish the preparation of a finished product.
Preferably, in the first step, the heating furnace is a transport heating furnace, and the preset temperature is 950-.
Preferably, in the second step, the first station includes a first workbench and a first press, the first press is disposed on the first workbench, the circular bar conveyed from the heating furnace is moved to the first workbench by a manipulator, the two punch dies are respectively mounted at the upper and lower output ends of the first press, the circular bar is disposed between the two punch dies, the first press is opened to perform punching and upsetting, and a blank is manufactured, wherein the upsetting ratio is 1.2-2.0, the blank has a height H, a diameter D, a punching diameter D1, a height H1, and a connecting skin height H-2H1 and remains at a middle position of the blank.
Preferably, the punch die comprises a cylindrical punch and an upsetting bottom plate, the upsetting bottom plate is fixedly connected with the cylindrical punch, a chamfer is arranged at the end of the cylindrical punch, and the upsetting bottom plate is fixedly connected with the output end of the first pressing machine.
Preferably, in the third step, the cutting and expanding device position comprises a second workbench and a second press, the second press is arranged on the top surface of the second workbench, a through hole is formed in the top surface of the second workbench, a lower die cavity is fixedly connected to the outer wall of an orifice at the top of the through hole, an upper punch is fixedly connected to the output end of the second press and located right above the lower die cavity, a lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second workbench, and a cutting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side face of the lifting mechanism.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the lower mold cavity is provided with an inner hole, the inner hole is communicated with the through hole, the upper punch comprises an upper cylinder and a reaming circular truncated cone, the diameter of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone is k, the diameter of the lower end of the reaming circular truncated cone is s, and the reaming amount is k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone is 20-40 degrees, and the inclination of the reaming circular truncated cone is 1-3 degrees.
Preferably, the lifting mechanism comprises a bottom plate, a module base is fixedly connected to the side of the bottom plate, a motor is fixedly connected to the side of the module base, a sliding block is connected to a rotating shaft of the module base through threads, the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft through a coupler, sliding rails are fixedly connected to two sides of the bottom plate respectively, two sides of the sliding block are in sliding contact with the two sliding rails respectively, a planker is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding block, the planker is fixedly connected with the cutting mechanism, and the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second workbench through bolts.
Preferably, the excision mechanism is including the excision drift, the excision drift comprises excision cylinder and excision round platform, down the model chamber highly with the blank with it is high equal to go up the cylinder, reaming round platform upper end diameter excise the diameter of round platform lower extreme diameter, through-hole and equal, reaming round platform lower extreme diameter equals with punching diameter D1.
Preferably, the second press is used for applying force to the upper punch to press the connected leather from the middle position to the edge position, and then the lifting mechanism is used for controlling the up-and-down movement of the cutting punch so as to cut the connected leather; and after the continuous skin is punched, the upper cylinder of the upper punch continuously moves downwards to indirectly realize reaming of the blank, the cutting punch is lifted by the lifting mechanism when the continuous skin is punched, and the continuous skin is lowered together after the cutting is finished to serve as blanking to finish the preparation of the annular blank.
Preferably, the annular blank is conveyed to a conveying belt by a manipulator, and is subjected to ring rolling and then cooling; performing ring rolling on the annular blank by using a horizontal ring rolling machine, wherein the rolling expansion degree is 70-90mm, and cooling to obtain a medium-size bearing ring and a large-size bearing ring; the upper punch, punch die, cut-off punch and lower die cavity need to be preheated to a temperature of 150 ℃ before use.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the invention, two short T-shaped punch dies are designed at the first station, so that the punching is completed while upsetting is carried out, the depths of the upper punching and the lower punching are the same, the working procedures are reduced, the connecting skin is left at the central position, and the reasonable distribution of metal flow lines is ensured. And a cutting and expanding device is arranged at a second station, and when the upper reaming punch punches the continuous skin, the cutting mechanism is lifted by the lifting mechanism to the cutting position for continuous skin cutting. And the blank is reamed in the process of pressing the upper punch downwards. The second station further reduces the processes, and the utilization of the lifting mechanism reduces waste. The whole line has simple action, short forming time, high efficiency, small heat loss of the workpiece and small temperature drop.
The diameter of the blank after upsetting and punching is matched with the diameter of a lower die cavity in the hole expanding device, so that the metal flow line subjected to subsequent treatment is protected. And a short T-shaped die is arranged at the first station to realize upsetting and reaming of the blank. And a cutting and expanding device is arranged at the second station, and the punching, connecting and expanding of the blank are realized by adopting the cooperation of the lifting mechanism and the upper punch. And the third station realizes ring rolling of the ring piece. The method has the advantages of less working procedures, avoidance of streamline end emergence and high forging efficiency. The process of the invention is suitable for bearing steel bars with wide range, and can be used as a general process for forging medium and large bearing rings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a punch die of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lower mold cavity according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper punch in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the lifting mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the lift mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view showing the relative positions of two punch dies according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the upsetting and punching process of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a reaming process of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the continuous skin punching process of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a cylindrical punch; 2. upsetting the bottom plate; 3. an inner bore; 4. an upper cylinder; 5. reaming the circular truncated cone; 6. a base plate; 7. a module base; 8. a motor; 9. a slider; 10. a carriage; 11. cutting off the cylinder; 12. cutting off the circular truncated cone; 13. and a lower mold cavity.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 10, the present invention provides a forging method of a medium and large bearing ring, comprising:
step one, putting a round bar into a heating furnace for heating, heating to a preset temperature and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
transferring the heated round bar stock to a first station, and simultaneously carrying out upsetting and punching treatment on the round bar stock up and down through two punch dies to complete blank preparation;
transferring the blank to a second station, and performing punching, connecting and reaming treatment by using a cutting and expanding device on the second station to finish the preparation of the annular blank;
and step four, performing ring rolling on the annular blank by using a ring rolling machine, and cooling to finish the preparation of a finished product.
In the further optimization scheme, in the first step, the heating furnace is set as a conveying type heating furnace, and the preset temperature is 950-.
Arranging two short T-shaped punch dies at a first station, wherein the centers of the two dies are aligned, one punch die is arranged above the other punch die, and the other punch die is arranged below the other punch die; the bar stock is punched by utilizing the special shape of the die while the bar stock is upset; punching, connecting and reaming the upset bar by using a cutting and expanding device to obtain an annular blank; the lifting mechanism of the second station is used for controlling the cutting mechanism to move up and down, so that the connected skin is cut. And after the connecting skin is punched, the upper punch continuously moves downwards to indirectly realize the reaming of the blank. The lower punch is driven to move up and down, the cutting mechanism is lifted up by the lifting mechanism when the continuous skin is punched, and the continuous skin is lowered down together after the cutting is finished to serve as blanking.
According to the invention, two short T-shaped punch dies are designed at the first station, so that punching is completed while upsetting is carried out, the depths of the upper punching and the lower punching are the same, the working procedures are reduced, a connecting skin is left at the central position, and the reasonable distribution of metal flow lines is ensured. And a cutting and expanding device is arranged at the second station, and when the upper reaming punch punches the connected skin, the cutting mechanism ascends by using a lifting mechanism and is lifted to the cutting position to cut the connected skin. And the broaching on the blank is realized in the process of pressing the upper punch downwards, and the broaching amount is k-s. The second station further reduces the processes, and the utilization of the lifting mechanism reduces the waste. The whole line has simple action, short forming time, high efficiency, small heat loss of the workpiece and small temperature drop. The diameter of the blank after upsetting and punching is matched with the diameter of a lower die cavity 13 in the hole expanding device, so that the metal flow line for subsequent treatment is protected. And a short T-shaped die is arranged at the first station to realize upsetting and reaming of the blank. And a cutting and expanding device is arranged at the second station, and the punching, connecting and expanding of the blank are realized by adopting the cooperation of the lifting mechanism and the upper punch. And the third station realizes ring rolling of the ring piece. The method has the advantages of less working procedures, avoidance of streamline end emergence and high forging efficiency. The process of the invention is suitable for bearing steel bars with wide range, and can be used as a general process for forging medium and large bearing rings.
In the second step, the first station comprises a first workbench and a first press, the first press is arranged on the first workbench, the circular bar conveyed out of the heating furnace is moved to the first workbench through a manipulator, two punch dies are respectively arranged at the upper output end and the lower output end of the first press, the circular bar is arranged between the two punch dies, the first press is started to punch and upset, and a blank is manufactured, wherein the upset ratio is 1.2-2.0, the height of the blank is H, the diameter of the blank is D, the punching diameter of the blank is D1, the height of the blank is H1, the height of a connecting skin is H-2H1, and the blank is left at the middle position of the blank.
According to the further optimization scheme, the punch die comprises a cylindrical punch 1 and an upsetting bottom plate 2, the upsetting bottom plate 2 is fixedly connected with the cylindrical punch 1, a chamfer is arranged at the end part of the cylindrical punch 1, and the upsetting bottom plate 2 is fixedly connected with the output end of the first pressing machine.
A short T-shaped punch die is arranged on a first press, and a blank is placed in the center of the two punch dies. Since the upsetting ratio is 1.2 to 2.0, the depth of the die can be set to meet the upsetting ratio. And (3) upsetting the bar, punching the bar by using the special shape of the die, wherein the punching depths and diameters of the upper punch die and the lower punch die are the same. The uniform deformation of the blank in the punching process is ensured, the punched connecting skin is positioned in the middle of the blank, and the eddy phenomenon generated at the end part of the connecting skin position is avoided.
In the third step, the cutting and expanding device comprises a second workbench and a second press, the second press is arranged on the top surface of the second workbench, a through hole is formed in the top surface of the second workbench, a lower mold cavity 13 is fixedly connected into the outer wall of the opening at the top of the through hole, an upper punch is fixedly connected to the output end of the second press and located right above the lower mold cavity 13, a lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second workbench, and a cutting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side face of the lifting mechanism.
According to the further optimized scheme, an inner hole 3 is formed in the bottom surface of the lower mold cavity 13, the inner hole 3 is communicated with the through hole, the upper punch comprises an upper cylinder 4 and a chambering circular table 5, the diameter of the upper end of the chambering circular table 5 is k, the diameter of the lower end of the chambering circular table 5 is s, and the chambering amount is k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone 5 is 20-40 degrees, and the inclination of the reaming circular truncated cone 5 is 1-3 degrees.
Further optimization scheme, elevating system includes bottom plate 6, 6 side rigid couplings of bottom plate have module base 7, the side rigid coupling of module base 7 has motor 8, there is slider 9 through threaded connection in module base 7's the pivot, motor 8 passes through the shaft coupling transmission with the pivot and is connected, 6 both sides of bottom plate rigid coupling respectively have a slide rail, the both sides of slider 9 respectively with two slide rail sliding contact, 9 side rigid couplings of slider have planker 10, planker 10 and excision mechanism rigid coupling, bottom plate 6 passes through bolt and second workstation bottom rigid coupling.
Further optimizing scheme, the excision mechanism includes the excision drift, and the excision drift comprises excision cylinder 11 and excision circular truncated cone 12, and the height of lower mould chamber 13 equals with blank and upper cylinder 4 height, and reaming circular truncated cone 5 upper end diameter, excision circular truncated cone 12 lower extreme diameter, through-hole and the diameter of hole 3 are equal, and reaming circular truncated cone 5 lower extreme diameter equals with the diameter of punching a hole D1.
The method is further optimized, the second press is used for applying force to the upper punch to press the connected skin from the middle position to the edge position, and then the lifting mechanism is used for controlling the up-and-down movement of the cutting punch so as to cut the connected skin; after the continuous skin is punched, the upper cylinder 4 of the upper punch continuously runs downwards to indirectly realize the chambering of the blank, the cutting punch is lifted by the lifting mechanism when the continuous skin is punched, and the continuous skin is lowered together after the cutting is finished to serve as blanking to finish the preparation of the annular blank.
The scheme is further optimized, the annular blank is conveyed to a conveying belt by a manipulator, and the annular blank is subjected to ring rolling and then is cooled; a horizontal type cerclage machine is selected to perform cerclage on the annular blank, the rolling expansion degree is 70-90mm, and then cooling is performed to obtain a medium-size bearing ring and a large-size bearing ring; the upper punch, punch die, cut punch and lower die cavity 13 need to be preheated to a temperature of 150 c before use.
In one embodiment of the invention, the following steps are followed:
3, moving the upset blank to a second station by using a manipulator;
The upper punch of the cutting and expanding device consists of an upper cylinder 4 and an expanding circular table 5 from top to bottom in sequence; the inclination beta of the reaming circular truncated cone 5 is 2.5 degrees; the height of the reaming circular truncated cone 5 is equal to the height L of the blank, and is specifically 110 mm; setting the diameter k of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone 5 to phi 180mm, the diameter s of the lower end to phi 90mm, and the reaming amount k-s to 100 mm; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular table 5 is 30 degrees; the lower mold cavity 13 has an outer diameter of 321mm and a height of 110 mm.
The diameter of excision drift is 90mm cooperation elevating system and excises even skin, and elevating system's stroke is 10mm to the upper end of workstation for workstation lower extreme at least, excises when even skin is pressed the workstation upper end, later will be even skin operation to the workstation lower extreme again, reduces extravagantly.
And 5, conveying the annular blank to a conveying belt by using a manipulator.
And 6, rolling the ring blank and then cooling, wherein the rolling degree of the rolled ring is 80 mm. After cooling, a middle and large bearing ring with the inner diameter of 260mm, the outer diameter of 320mm and the height of 110mm is forged.
The die, the punch and the like in the forging method need to be preheated, and the preheating temperature is 150 ℃.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A forging method of a medium and large bearing ring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, putting a round bar into a heating furnace for heating, heating to a preset temperature and carrying out heat preservation treatment;
transferring the heated round bar stock to a first station, and simultaneously carrying out upsetting and punching treatment on the round bar stock up and down through two punch dies to complete blank preparation;
transferring the blank to a second station, and performing punching, connecting and reaming treatment by using a cutting and expanding device on the second station to finish the preparation of the annular blank;
and step four, performing ring rolling on the annular blank by using a ring rolling machine, and cooling to finish the preparation of a finished product.
2. The forging method for the medium and large bearing ring according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the heating furnace is set as a transport heating furnace, and the preset temperature is 950-1100 ℃.
3. The forging method of a bearing ring for medium and large size according to claim 2, wherein: in the second step, the first station comprises a first workbench and a first press, the first press is arranged on the first workbench, the circular bar conveyed from the heating furnace is moved to the first workbench through a manipulator, the two punch dies are respectively arranged at the upper output end and the lower output end of the first press, the circular bar is arranged between the two punch dies, the first press is opened for punching and upsetting, and a blank is manufactured, wherein the upsetting ratio is 1.2-2.0, the height of the blank is H, the diameter of the blank is D, the punching diameter of the blank is D1, the height of the blank is H1, the height of the connected skin is H-2H1, and the blank is left at the middle position of the blank.
4. The forging method of a bearing ring for medium and large size according to claim 3, wherein: the punch die comprises a cylindrical punch (1) and an upsetting bottom plate (2), the upsetting bottom plate (2) is fixedly connected with the cylindrical punch (1), a chamfer is arranged at the end part of the cylindrical punch (1), and the upsetting bottom plate (2) is fixedly connected with the output end of the first pressing machine.
5. The forging method of a bearing ring for medium and large size according to claim 4, wherein: in the third step, the cutting and expanding device comprises a second workbench and a second press, the second press is arranged on the top surface of the second workbench, a through hole is formed in the top surface of the second workbench, a lower mold cavity (13) is fixedly connected into the outer wall of the orifice at the top of the through hole, an upper punch is fixedly connected to the output end of the second press and located right above the lower mold cavity (13), a lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second workbench, and a cutting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side face of the lifting mechanism.
6. The forging method for the medium and large bearing ring according to claim 5, wherein: an inner hole (3) is formed in the bottom surface of the lower mold cavity (13), the inner hole (3) is communicated with the through hole, the upper punch comprises an upper cylinder (4) and a reaming circular truncated cone (5), the diameter of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone (5) is k, the diameter of the lower end of the reaming circular truncated cone is s, and the reaming amount is k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone (5) is 20-40 degrees, and the inclination of the reaming circular truncated cone (5) is 1-3 degrees.
7. The forging method of a bearing ring for medium and large size according to claim 6, wherein: elevating system includes bottom plate (6), bottom plate (6) side rigid coupling has module base (7), the side rigid coupling of module base (7) has motor (8), there is slider (9) through threaded connection in the pivot of module base (7), motor (8) with the pivot is passed through the shaft coupling transmission and is connected, bottom plate (6) both sides rigid coupling respectively has the slide rail, the both sides of slider (9) respectively with two slide rail sliding contact, slider (9) side rigid coupling has planker (10), planker (10) with excision mechanism rigid coupling, bottom plate (6) through the bolt with second workstation bottom rigid coupling.
8. The forging method for a medium or large bearing ring according to claim 7, wherein: the excision mechanism is including the excision drift, the excision drift comprises excision cylinder (11) and excision round platform (12), down the mold cavity (13) highly with the blank with it highly equals to go up cylinder (4), reaming round platform (5) upper end diameter the diameter of excision round platform (12) lower extreme diameter, through-hole and hole (3) equals, reaming round platform (5) lower extreme diameter equals with the diameter D1 that punches a hole.
9. The forging method for a bearing ring of middle or large size as set forth in claim 8, wherein: pressing the connected skin from the middle position to the edge position by applying force to the upper punch by using the second pressing machine, and controlling the up-and-down movement of the cutting punch by using the lifting mechanism so as to cut the connected skin; after the continuous skin is punched, the upper cylinder (4) of the upper punch continuously runs downwards to indirectly realize reaming of the blank, the cutting punch is lifted up by the lifting mechanism when the continuous skin is punched, and the continuous skin is lowered down together after the cutting is finished to serve as blanking to finish preparation of the annular blank.
10. The forging method for a bearing ring of middle or large size as set forth in claim 9, wherein: conveying the annular blank to a conveying belt by using a manipulator, and rolling and cooling the annular blank; performing ring rolling on the annular blank by using a horizontal ring rolling machine, wherein the rolling expansion degree is 70-90mm, and cooling to obtain a medium-size bearing ring and a large-size bearing ring; the upper punch, punch die, cutting punch and lower die cavity (13) need to be preheated to a temperature of 150 ℃ before use.
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