CN113618017A - Blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of roller bearing ring - Google Patents
Blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of roller bearing ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN113618017A CN113618017A CN202110908735.4A CN202110908735A CN113618017A CN 113618017 A CN113618017 A CN 113618017A CN 202110908735 A CN202110908735 A CN 202110908735A CN 113618017 A CN113618017 A CN 113618017A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/04—Making machine elements ball-races or sliding bearing races
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof
- B21K27/06—Cutting-off means; Arrangements thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of a roller bearing ring, and belongs to the field of roller bearing ring forging. The invention aims to solve the problems that the prior blank making technology for forging the roller bearing ring cannot simultaneously realize less working procedures, is suitable for large height-diameter ratio range of bearing steel bars and reasonably distributes metal flow lines. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, upsetting; secondly, punching; thirdly, cutting and expanding into a whole. The forging method is used for forging the high-end roller bearing ring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of roller bearing ring forging.
Background
The rolling body of the roller bearing consists of a bearing inner ring, a roller and a bearing outer ring, and the roller is contacted with the inner surface of the bearing outer ring and the outer surface of the inner ring in the service process. Considering the stability and the service life of the bearing, the bearing ring at the high end generally requires that the forged metal flow line is distributed on the stressed surface of the parallel forging, and the phenomena of flow line exposure and eddy current generated on the surface are avoided. The distribution of the metal flow lines of the bearing ring is basically determined by forging and blank making, and when the metal flow line outcrop and eddy phenomena are generated on the contact surface of the bearing ring and the roller, the contact fatigue performance of the bearing ring can be greatly reduced, the service life of the bearing is influenced, and the risk of early failure is increased.
In order to realize reasonable distribution of metal flow lines, researchers propose a blank making process as follows: upsetting → punching → undercutting → returning to furnace → repeated reaming. In the punching process, a punching punch is used for punching the upper end face of the blank, then the blank is turned over to punch the lower end face, and then a bottom cutting punch is used for cutting off the connected blank. After the bottom cutting procedure is finished, the temperature of the blank is reduced, so that subsequent operation cannot be carried out, and the furnace needs to be returned. And (3) when the temperature of the blank is increased to the forging temperature again, the hole expanding operation can be carried out, the blank also needs to be repeatedly turned over for operation by using a hole expanding punch, and if the temperature of the blank is seriously reduced in the process, the blank also needs to be returned to the furnace again.
Although the blank making process can realize reasonable distribution of metal streamline, the method has two problems: the process can ensure reasonable distribution of flow lines for forging the blank with small height-diameter ratio, and when the height-diameter ratio is large, eddy current is easy to appear in the blank; and secondly, the blank punching and hole expanding need to be repeatedly operated, so that not only is the resource wasted, but also the risk of unqualified part tissues caused by excessive number of times of returning to the furnace is increased. In order to avoid repeated reaming, a blank making process of upsetting, punching and bottom cutting can be adopted, although the process can reduce the working procedures and improve the production efficiency, the blank in the punching working procedure is easy to generate reverse extrusion and vortex phenomena, the subsequent bottom cutting is carried out, the reaming working procedure is not carried out, the metal flow line cannot be effectively regulated, the vortex and flow line exposure phenomena exist in the rolled blank, and the quality of the product does not reach the standard. There is a need for a universal roller bearing ring blank-making process which can simultaneously realize fewer processes and meet the requirements of metal flow lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the prior blank-making technology for forging the roller bearing ring cannot simultaneously realize less working procedures, is suitable for large height-diameter ratio range of bearing steel bars and reasonably distributes metal flow lines, and the bottom cutting and hole expanding working procedures are completed in one step through the shape design of a forging die, namely the cutting and expanding are integrated. And provides a blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring.
A blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of a roller bearing ring is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, upsetting:
heating and insulating a bearing steel bar material, and upsetting to obtain a cake-shaped blank; setting the diameter of the end face of a cake-shaped blank as D and the height of the cake-shaped blank as L;
the height-diameter ratio of the bearing steel bar is (0.7-2) 1;
secondly, punching:
placing the cake-shaped blank on a boss in a die cavity of a lower punching die, taking the side wall of the die cavity of the lower punching die as a centering reference, and enabling an upper punching head of the lower punching die to move downwards under the action of a press machine to obtain a blank with a hole; the punched connecting sheet of the blank with the hole is positioned in the middle of the cake-shaped blank; the middle thickness H of the punched connected skin is 6-8 mm, and the thicknesses H of the two ends of the punched connected skin are 10-12 mm;
the upper punching punch is composed of a cylindrical punch and a circular truncated cone punch from top to bottom in sequence, and the end part of the circular truncated cone punch is provided with a chamfer;
a boss is arranged at the center of the bottom of a cavity of the lower punching die, and the shape and the size of the boss are the same as those of the circular truncated cone punch;
the diameter of the cylindrical punch is D, and the aperture ratio of the punched hole is D: D ═ 0.31-0.45) 1, preparing a catalyst; the chamfer radius r of the end part of the circular truncated cone punch is 3-8 mm; the conical degree of the circular truncated cone punch
Is 15-30 degrees; the heights of the circular truncated cone punch and the boss are set to be L, and L is 2 multiplied by L + h;
thirdly, cutting and expanding into a whole:
placing the blank with the hole on a cutting and expanding integrated lower die and centering, cutting off the connected skin by using a cutting and expanding integrated upper punch, positioning the edge of a cylindrical bottom cutting boss at the thickness H of two ends of the punched connected skin during bottom cutting, and then continuously moving the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch downwards to complete hole bulging to obtain a roller bearing ring blank, namely completing the blank making method for integrally controlling metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring through cutting and expanding;
the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch is sequentially composed of an upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die, an expanding circular truncated cone and a cylindrical bottom cutting boss from top to bottom; the inclination beta of the upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die is 1-3 degrees; the height of the circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die is equal to the height L of the cake-shaped blank prepared in the step one; setting the diameter of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone as k, the diameter of the lower end of the reaming circular truncated cone as s, and reaming amount as k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone is 15-30 degrees;
the die cavity of the cutting and expanding integrated lower die consists of a cylindrical die cavity and a circular truncated cone die cavity from top to bottom in sequence, and the cylindrical die cavity is communicated with the end surface of one side of the circular truncated cone die cavity with smaller area; the diameter of the cylindrical cavity is m, and k is not less than m and not more than k +3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the shapes of the punching punch and the punching lower die are designed, so that the punching connecting sheet is positioned in the middle of the blank, and the phenomenon of metal eddy in the blank caused by punching when the connecting sheet is positioned at the bottom of the blank is avoided; in the cutting and expanding integrated process, the inner hole of the blank is expanded to a specified size in the downward operation process of the punch through the special design of the shapes and the sizes of the punch and the lower die. Meanwhile, under the matching of the punch and the lower die, metal which is easy to generate eddy at the middle connecting skin of the blank is extruded to the lower die and cut off, the metal streamline distribution of the ring blank is optimized, and the quality of the forged piece is improved.
Therefore, the invention realizes the purpose of completing the blank manufacturing of the high-end roller bearing ring by using the minimum procedures. The metal streamline of the roller bearing ring is regulated and controlled by designing the shape and the size of the die, the streamline is reasonably distributed, and the service life of the bearing ring is prolonged. The process is suitable for the bearing steel bar material with the height-diameter ratio (0.7-2): 1 range is wide, and can be used as a general process for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring.
The invention provides a blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of a roller bearing ring.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a blank making method for integrally controlling metal streamline distribution of a roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cake-shaped blank prepared in step one of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a punch top punch according to step two of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a punch top punch according to step two of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a lower punching die according to step two of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a lower punching die in step two of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch of step three of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch in step three of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a cutting and expanding integrated lower die in step three of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a cutting and expanding integrated lower die in step three of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a second-step punching process and a third-step bottom cutting process of the present invention, wherein A is the second-step punching process and B is the third-step bottom cutting process;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a metal flow line of a blanking method for integrally controlling the distribution of the metal flow line of a roller bearing ring according to an embodiment; a is upsetting, B is punching, C is cutting and expanding an organic whole, D is rolling and expanding after making a blank;
FIG. 13 is a metal flow diagram of a roller bearing ring blank prepared in comparative experiment one;
FIG. 14 is a diagram of a metal streamline object after rolling of a roller bearing ring blank prepared in the second comparative experiment; the side A is the inner side of the ferrule, and the side B is the outer side of the ferrule;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a metal flow line after rolling of a blank of a roller bearing ring prepared in the first embodiment; side A is the inside of the ferrule and side B is the outside of the ferrule.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically, referring to fig. 1 to 11, the blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration according to the embodiment is performed according to the following steps:
firstly, upsetting:
heating and insulating a bearing steel bar material, and upsetting to obtain a cake-shaped blank; setting the diameter of the end face of a cake-shaped blank as D and the height of the cake-shaped blank as L;
the height-diameter ratio of the bearing steel bar is (0.7-2) 1;
secondly, punching:
placing the cake-shaped blank on a boss 2-2 in a lower die cavity 2-1 of the punching die, taking a side wall 2-3 of a cavity of a lower die cavity of the punching die as a centering reference, and enabling an upper punch of the punching die to move downwards under the action of a press machine to obtain a blank with a hole; the punched connecting sheet of the blank with the hole is positioned in the middle of the cake-shaped blank; the middle thickness H of the punched connected skin is 6-8 mm, and the thicknesses H of the two ends of the punched connected skin are 10-12 mm;
the punching upper punch is composed of a cylindrical punch 1-1 and a circular truncated cone punch 1-2 from top to bottom in sequence, and a chamfer is arranged at the end part of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2;
the center of the bottom of the cavity 2-1 of the lower punching die is provided with a boss 2-2, and the shape and the size of the boss 2-2 are the same as those of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2;
setting the diameter of a cylindrical punch 1-1 as d, and the aperture ratio of punched holes as d:d is (0.31-0.45) and 1; the chamfer radius r of the end part of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 is 3-8 mm; the circular truncated cone punch head has 1-2 taper
Is 15-30 degrees; the heights of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 and the boss 2-2 are set to be L, and L is 2 multiplied by L + h;
thirdly, cutting and expanding into a whole:
placing the blank with the hole on a cutting and expanding integrated lower die and centering, cutting off the connected skin by using a cutting and expanding integrated upper punch, positioning the edge of a cylindrical bottom cutting boss 4-3 at the thickness H of two ends of the punched connected skin during bottom cutting, and then continuously moving the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch downwards to complete hole bulging to obtain a roller bearing ring blank, namely completing the blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration;
the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch is sequentially composed of an upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1, an expanding circular truncated cone 4-2 and a cylindrical bottom cutting boss 4-3 from top to bottom; the inclination beta of the upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1 is 1-3 degrees; the height of the circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1 is equal to the height L of the cake-shaped blank prepared in the step one; setting the diameter of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2 as k, the diameter of the lower end as s, and the reaming amount as k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2 is 15-30 degrees;
the cavity of the cutting and expanding integrated lower die 3 consists of a cylindrical cavity 3-1 and a circular truncated cone cavity 3-2 from top to bottom in sequence, and the cylindrical cavity 3-1 is communicated with the end face of one side with smaller area of the circular truncated cone cavity 3-2; the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 3-1 is m, and k is less than or equal to m and less than or equal to k +3 mm.
The die, the punch and the like in the first step to the third step need to be preheated, and the preheating temperature is 150-300 ℃.
In the first step, the heat preservation time is set according to the diameter of the bar stock, and the upsetting process can be completed by a press machine or an air hammer.
In the second step, the boss 2-2 is the same as the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 in the upper punching head, so that the blank is ensured to be uniformly deformed in the punching process, and the connected skin after punching is positioned in the middle of the blank, thereby avoiding the eddy phenomenon generated at the end part of the connected skin position.
And step two, the inner diameter P of the cavity 2-1 of the lower punching die is not less than the maximum outer diameter g of the blank with the hole prepared in the step two, so that the phenomenon of disorder of metal streamline in the blank holding die and the ferrule caused by backward extrusion of the blank in punching is prevented.
And the height S of the side wall 2-3 of the cavity of the lower punching die in the step two is greater than the sum of the height L of the boss 2-2 and the height L of the 1/2 cake-shaped blank, wherein S is more than or equal to L +1/2 xL, so that the centering of the blank is ensured.
The taper angle alpha of the middle part of the upper punch head, namely the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2, which is cut and expanded into a whole in the third step is 15-30 degrees, and the blank is reamed in one step. Utilize and cut to expand integrative going up the change volume of punch downward in-process inclination at the horizontal direction and carry out the reaming, the reaming volume is: k-s (mm).
When the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch moves to the lowest point in the third step, the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2 moves to the cylindrical cavity 3-1 of the cutting and expanding integrated lower die, and the diameter k of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2 and the inner diameter m of the cylindrical cavity 3-1 of the cutting and expanding integrated lower die meet the size relation: and k is not less than m and not more than k +3mm, and the blank is cut off by utilizing the gap between the reaming circular truncated cone and the cylindrical cavity of the lower die.
In the process that the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch moves downwards in the third step, metal which is easy to generate eddy current at the middle connecting skin of the blank is extruded to the lowest end, and finally, the metal is cut off under the combined action of the upper end of the expanding circular truncated cone 4-2 and the cutting and expanding integrated lower die cylindrical cavity 3-1, so that the metal of the bearing ring is prevented from generating eddy current to obtain an annular forging piece with the size meeting the requirement, an annular blank with a metal streamline almost parallel to the surface of the forging piece is obtained, and the phenomena of the exposing of the streamline and the eddy current are avoided.
The inclination beta of the upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1 in the third step is 1-3 degrees, so that the die holding is prevented.
The height q of the cylindrical undercut boss 4-3 in the third step is not less than the thickness H of the two ends of the punched continuous skin in the blank with the hole, so that the continuous skin is cut off and then is subjected to inclination reaming, and the cracking tendency of the blank is reduced.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
according to the embodiment, the shapes of the punching punch and the punching lower die are designed, so that the punching connecting sheet is positioned in the middle of the blank, and the phenomenon of metal eddy in the blank caused by punching when the connecting sheet is positioned at the bottom of the blank is avoided; in the cutting and expanding integrated process of the embodiment, through the special design of the shapes and the sizes of the punch and the lower die, the inner hole of the blank is expanded to a specified size in the downward running process of the punch. Meanwhile, under the matching of the punch and the lower die, metal which is easy to generate eddy at the middle connecting skin of the blank is extruded to the lower die and cut off, the metal streamline distribution of the ring blank is optimized, and the quality of the forged piece is improved.
Therefore, the present embodiment realizes the completion of the high-end roller bearing ring blank by the minimum number of steps. The metal streamline of the roller bearing ring is regulated and controlled by designing the shape and the size of the die, the streamline is reasonably distributed, and the service life of the bearing ring is prolonged. The process is suitable for the bearing steel bar material with the height-diameter ratio (0.7-2): 1 range is wide, and can be used as a general process for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: upsetting on a press according to the upsetting forging ratio of 1.75-2.95 in the first step. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: in the first step, the bearing steel bar stock is kept warm at the temperature of 900-1200 ℃. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and step two, the inner diameter P of the cavity 2-1 of the lower punching die is not less than the maximum outer diameter g of the blank with the hole prepared in step two. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: in the second step, the height of the side wall 2-3 of the cavity of the lower punching die is set to be S, and the S is more than or equal to L +1/2 multiplied by L. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the height q of the cylindrical undercut boss 4-3 in the third step is not less than the thickness H of the punched hole connected with the skin at the two ends of the blank with the hole. The rest is the same as the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the height n of the cylindrical cavity 3-1 in the third step is 4 mm-8 mm. The others are the same as the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the cone angle gamma of the circular truncated cone cavity 3-2 in the third step is 25-45 degrees. The rest is the same as the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: in the third step, the diameter k of the upper end of the chambering round platform 4-2 is 53mm, and the diameter s of the lower end is 25 mm. The other points are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: in the third step, a cylindrical cavity 3-1 with the diameter m equal to phi 54mm is arranged. The other points are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of a roller bearing ring is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, upsetting:
heating and insulating a bearing steel bar material, and upsetting the bearing steel bar material at a working station I to obtain a cake-shaped blank; setting the diameter of the end face of a cake-shaped blank as D, the height of the cake-shaped blank as L and the maximum diameter of the cake-shaped blank as p;
the height-diameter ratio of the bearing steel bar is 1.67:1, and the specific size is phi 60 multiplied by 100 mm; the thickness L of the cake-shaped blank is 40mm, D is 86mm, and p is 98.12 mm;
secondly, punching:
placing the cake-shaped blank on a boss 2-2 in a lower die cavity 2-1 of the punching machine station II, taking a side wall 2-3 of the die cavity of the lower die for centering, and enabling an upper punch of the lower punching machine to move downwards under the action of a press machine to obtain a blank with a hole; the punched connecting sheet of the blank with the hole is positioned in the middle of the cake-shaped blank; the middle thickness H of the punched connected skin is 8mm, and the thicknesses H of the two ends of the punched connected skin are 12 mm;
the punching upper punch is composed of a cylindrical punch 1-1 and a circular truncated cone punch 1-2 from top to bottom in sequence, and a chamfer is arranged at the end part of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2;
the center of the bottom of the cavity 2-1 of the lower punching die is provided with a boss 2-2, and the shape and the size of the boss 2-2 are the same as those of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2;
setting the diameter of a cylindrical punch 1-1 as D, specifically 30mm, and the aperture ratio of punched holes as D: D ═ 0.35: 1; the chamfer radius r of the end part of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 is 5 mm; the circular truncated cone punch head has 1-2 taper
Is 20 degrees; the heights of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 and the boss 2-2 are both 16mm, and are both set to be L, and L is 2 multiplied by L + h;
the inner diameter P of a cavity 2-1 of the lower punching die is phi 100mm, and the height S of a cavity side wall 2-3 of the lower punching die is 50 mm;
thirdly, cutting and expanding into a whole:
placing the blank with the hole on a station c, cutting and expanding an integral lower die and centering, cutting off the connected skin by using a cutting and expanding integral upper punch, positioning the edge of a cylindrical bottom cutting boss 4-3 at the thickness H of two ends of the punched connected skin during bottom cutting, and continuously moving the cutting and expanding integral upper punch downwards to complete hole bulging to obtain a roller bearing ring blank;
the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch is sequentially composed of an upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1, an expanding circular truncated cone 4-2 and a cylindrical bottom cutting boss 4-3 from top to bottom; the inclination beta of the upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1 is 2.5 degrees; the height L of the circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die 4-1 is equal to that of the cake-shaped blank prepared in the step one, and is specifically 40 mm; setting the diameter of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2 as k equals phi 53mm, the diameter of the lower end as s equals phi 25mm, and the reaming amount as k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2 is 20 degrees;
the cavity of the cutting and expanding integrated lower die 3 consists of a cylindrical cavity 3-1 and a circular truncated cone cavity 3-2 from top to bottom in sequence, and the cylindrical cavity 3-1 is communicated with the end face of one side with smaller area of the circular truncated cone cavity 3-2; setting the diameter of a cylindrical cavity 3-1 as m ═ phi 54 mm;
the diameter of the cylindrical undercut boss 4-3 is equal to that of the lower end of the reaming circular truncated cone 4-2, and s is equal to phi 25mm, and the height q of the cylindrical undercut boss 4-3 is equal to 12 mm;
upsetting on a press according to the upsetting forging ratio of 2.5; wherein the upsetting forging ratio is the ratio of the height of the bearing steel bar to the height of the cake-shaped blank, and the ratio of 100mm/40mm is 2.5;
judging the centering degree by the space between the side wall 2-3 of the cavity of the lower punching die and the cake-shaped blank;
in the first step, the bearing steel bar material is 8Cr4Mo4V, and the bearing steel bar material is subjected to heat preservation for 75min at the temperature of 1120 ℃;
the inner diameter P of a cavity 2-1 of the lower punching die in the step two is not less than the maximum outer diameter g of the blank with the hole prepared in the step two, and g is equal to P and equal to phi 100 mm;
setting the height of the side wall 2-3 of the cavity of the lower punching die as S, wherein S is more than or equal to L +1/2 XL, and 50mm is more than 16mm +1/2 X40 mm is 36 mm;
the height q of the cylindrical undercut boss 4-3 in the third step is not less than the thickness H of the two ends of the punched continuous skin in the blank with holes, and q is equal to H and is equal to 12 mm;
the height n of the cylindrical cavity 3-1 in the third step is 5 mm;
the cone angle gamma of the circular truncated cone cavity 3-2 in the third step is 30 degrees;
during the hole expanding in the third step, if the temperature of the 8Cr4Mo4V blank is reduced too fast, the blank needs to be re-melted to prevent cracks;
the die, the punch and the like in the first step to the third step need to be preheated, and the preheating temperature is 250 ℃.
Before upsetting, lubricant is needed to be coated on the contact part of the upper die and the lower die with the blank so as to improve the metal fluidity. Before the second step of punching, a lubricant and a release agent are coated on the upper punching head and the lower punching die of the punching to promote metal flow and prevent the blank from holding the die. Before cutting and expanding the whole body, lubricating agents are added on the surface of the upper punch of the cutting and expanding body and the surface of the lower die of the cutting and expanding body, which is in contact with the blank, so that the blank has good fluidity in the hole expanding process, and the risk of cracking of the blank during hole expanding is reduced.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a metal flow line of a blanking method for integrally controlling the distribution of the metal flow line of a roller bearing ring according to an embodiment; a is upsetting, B is punching, C is cutting and expanding, and D is rolling and expanding after blank making. As can be seen from the figure, the internal streamline of the blank after cutting and expanding into a whole has no vortex, the metal streamline is parallel to the inner hole of the forging, and the metal streamline after rolling and expanding is almost parallel to the surface of the bearing ring and distributed, so that the phenomena of streamline outcrop and vortex are avoided.
Comparison experiment one: the comparative experiment differs from the first example in that: setting the diameter of the cylindrical punch 1-1 as d, specifically 50 mm; in the second step, the heights of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 and the boss 2-2 are not equal, the height of the circular truncated cone punch 1-2 is 28mm, the height of the boss 2-2 is 4mm, and the rest is the same as that in the first embodiment.
Fig. 13 is a metal flow diagram of a roller bearing ring blank prepared in a comparative experiment, and it can be seen that a severe eddy phenomenon occurs in the middle of an inner hole of the blank by the metal flow. Comparing C in fig. 12, it can be found that the comparative experiment not only has unreasonable metal flow line distribution, but also has poor forming quality of the blank. Due to uneven stress during punching, buckling deformation occurs.
Comparative experiment two: the comparative experiment differs from the first example in that: replacing the upper cutting punch for cutting the bottom in the third step with a punch for only cutting the bottom, wherein the shape of the upper cutting punch is cylindrical, the diameter of the bottom cutting punch is 50mm, and the diameter of a cylindrical cavity 3-1 of the lower cutting and expanding integrated die 3 is equal to 53 mm; and step three, hole expansion is not carried out. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a diagram of a metal streamline object after rolling of a roller bearing ring blank prepared in the second comparative experiment; side A is the inside of the ferrule and side B is the outside of the ferrule. It can be seen from the figure that the inside of the milled and expanded ferrule has a phenomenon of eddy current and a large amount of metal streamlines are exposed, and the streamlines in the exposed area even have a form distributed perpendicular to the surface of the ferrule.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a rolled metal flow line of a high-end roller bearing ring blank prepared in the first embodiment; side A is the inside of the ferrule and side B is the outside of the ferrule. It can be known from the figure that the inner side of the ring after being rolled has no eddy phenomenon, the phenomenon of the outcoming of the metal streamline is greatly reduced, the included angle between the streamline of the outcoming area and the surface of the ring is small, and the metal streamline is almost parallel to the side surface of the bearing ring A, B.
Claims (10)
1. A blank making method for cutting and expanding integrated control of metal streamline distribution of a roller bearing ring is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, upsetting:
heating and insulating a bearing steel bar material, and upsetting to obtain a cake-shaped blank; setting the diameter of the end face of a cake-shaped blank as D and the height of the cake-shaped blank as L;
the height-diameter ratio of the bearing steel bar is (0.7-2) 1;
secondly, punching:
placing the cake-shaped blank on a boss (2-2) in a lower die cavity (2-1) of the punching die, taking the side wall (2-3) of the die cavity of the lower die of the punching die as a centering reference, and downwards moving an upper punch of the punching die under the action of a press machine to obtain a blank with holes; the punched connecting sheet of the blank with the hole is positioned in the middle of the cake-shaped blank; the middle thickness H of the punched connected skin is 6-8 mm, and the thicknesses H of the two ends of the punched connected skin are 10-12 mm;
the punching upper punch is composed of a cylindrical punch (1-1) and a circular truncated cone punch (1-2) from top to bottom in sequence, and a chamfer is arranged at the end part of the circular truncated cone punch (1-2);
a boss (2-2) is arranged at the center of the bottom of a cavity (2-1) of the lower punching die, and the shape and the size of the boss (2-2) are the same as those of a circular truncated cone punch (1-2);
setting the diameter of a cylindrical punch (1-1) as D, wherein the aperture ratio of punched holes is D: D ═ 0.31-0.45: 1; the chamfer radius r of the end part of the circular truncated cone punch (1-2) is 3-8 mm; the conical degree of the circular truncated cone punch (1-2)
Is 15-30 degrees; the heights of the circular truncated cone punch (1-2) and the boss (2-2) are set to be L, and L is 2 multiplied by L + h;
thirdly, cutting and expanding into a whole:
placing the blank with the hole on a cutting and expanding integrated lower die and centering, cutting off the connected skin by using a cutting and expanding integrated upper punch, positioning the edge of a cylindrical bottom cutting boss (4-3) at the thickness H of two ends of the punched connected skin during bottom cutting, and continuously moving the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch downwards to complete hole bulging to obtain a roller bearing ring blank, namely completing the blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration;
the cutting and expanding integrated upper punch head is sequentially composed of an upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die (4-1), an expanding circular truncated cone (4-2) and a cylindrical bottom cutting boss (4-3) from top to bottom; the inclination beta of the upper end circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die (4-1) is 1-3 degrees; the height of the circular truncated cone-shaped drawing die (4-1) is equal to the height L of the cake-shaped blank prepared in the step one; setting the diameter of the upper end of the reaming circular truncated cone (4-2) as k, the diameter of the lower end as s, and the reaming amount as k-s; the taper angle alpha of the reaming circular truncated cone (4-2) is 15-30 degrees;
the cavity of the cutting and expanding integrated lower die (3) consists of a cylindrical cavity (3-1) and a circular truncated cone cavity (3-2) from top to bottom in sequence, and the cylindrical cavity (3-1) is communicated with the end face of one side with a smaller area of the circular truncated cone cavity (3-2); the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (3-1) is m, and k is less than or equal to m and less than or equal to k +3 mm.
2. The cutting and expanding integrated roller bearing ring metal streamline distribution blank making method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step one, upsetting is carried out on a press according to an upsetting forging ratio of 1.75-2.95.
3. The cutting and expanding integrated roller bearing ring metal streamline distribution control blank making method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step one, bearing steel bar stock is kept warm at 900-1200 ℃.
4. The blank making method for integrally controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring according to the claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter P of the cavity (2-1) of the punching lower die in the step two is not less than the maximum outer diameter g of the blank with the hole prepared in the step two.
5. The blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration according to claim 1, wherein the height of the side wall (2-3) of the cavity of the lower punching die in the second step is S, and S is more than or equal to L +1/2 xL.
6. The blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration according to claim 1, characterized in that the height q of the cylindrical undercut boss (4-3) in the step three is not less than the thickness H of the two ends of the punched hole connecting skin in the blank with the hole.
7. The blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration according to the claim 1, characterized in that the height n of the cylindrical cavity (3-1) in the step three is 4 mm-8 mm.
8. The cutting and expanding integrated control blank making method for the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring according to the claim 1, characterized in that the cone angle gamma of the circular truncated cone cavity (3-2) in the step three is 25-45 degrees.
9. The cutting and expanding integrated control blank making method for the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third step, the diameter of the upper end of the chambering round table 4-2 is k phi 53mm, and the diameter of the lower end is s phi 25 mm.
10. The blank making method for controlling the metal streamline distribution of the roller bearing ring by cutting and expanding integration according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 3-1 is m-phi 54mm in the third step.
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| CN115533017A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Crack control method for aviation bearing steel sleeve automatic forging blank making |
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