CN113397244A - 一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其制备方法以及防霾口罩 - Google Patents

一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其制备方法以及防霾口罩 Download PDF

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CN113397244A
CN113397244A CN202010184452.5A CN202010184452A CN113397244A CN 113397244 A CN113397244 A CN 113397244A CN 202010184452 A CN202010184452 A CN 202010184452A CN 113397244 A CN113397244 A CN 113397244A
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洪岩
刘春玉
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    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
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    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
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    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，所述无纺布复合材料是由多孔金属有机材料ZIF‑8与高分子纤维基材复合而成的。本发明还公开了所述防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的制备方法及由所述无纺布复合材料制备而成的防霾口罩。本发明的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，对于PM10的过滤效率达到88.64％，对于PM2.5和PM1.0的过滤效率也分别达到78.35％和78.26％，能够有效地吸附过滤各种尘霾颗粒，提高口罩防霾性能，还能够保证口罩使用时的呼吸顺畅。

Description

一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其制备方法以及防霾 口罩
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布材料技术领域，具体涉及一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合 材料，其制备方法以及由所述复合材料制备而成的防霾口罩。
背景技术
雾霾作为空气污染的重要表现，其成分尤其复杂。其中，空气动力学直径 小于10μm和2.5μm的颗粒物，即人们所称的PM10和PM2.5，对人体造成的 危害尤为严重。人体长期暴露在PM2.5高浓度环境中，会诱发心血管疾病和呼 吸道疾病，严重者会造成死亡。
正是由于PM10和PM2.5严重影响人体健康，开发具有过滤功能的个人防 护用品，如防霾口罩等迫在眉睫。对于防霾口罩类个人防具，主要技术难点在 于过滤尘霾颗粒的设计。传统的口罩滤芯往往采用高密度纺织品，或者加厚纺 织材料。然而这种口罩往往会出现过滤效果不佳或者呼吸不畅、热舒适性低等 问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，该无 纺布复合材料可以广泛过滤尘霾颗粒，同时兼顾透气性和热舒适性。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，所述无纺布 复合材料包括高分子纤维基材和负载在所述纤维上的ZIF-8多孔材料。
本发明的无纺布复合材料中，括高分子纤维基材能够部分过滤PM10和 PM2.5等尘霾颗粒，多孔ZIF-8材料能够高效吸附尘霾颗粒。该无纺布复合材 料既能够避免加厚和密集纺织造成的透气性和热舒适性问题，同时能够保持高 效PM过滤性能。
本发明中的高分子纤维基材的具体材质不限，优选为聚丙烯腈，其属于常 见的口罩材料。
进一步地，所述无纺布复合材料中，ZIF-8的负载量为20wt％-60wt％。
进一步地，所述无纺布复合材料的比表面积为467m2/g。
进一步地，所述ZIF-8是经如下步骤制备得到的：
将四水合硝酸锌溶解于有机醇溶剂中，向其中加入过量的2-甲基咪唑的醇 溶液，搅拌均匀，室温下静置；接着离心，收集离心物，用有机溶剂洗净，真 空干燥后得到所述ZIF-8。
进一步地，所述有机醇溶剂为甲醇或乙醇。
进一步地，所述无纺布复合材料是由聚丙烯腈与ZIF-8经静电纺丝的方法 制备得到的。
第二方面，本发明提供了第一方面所述的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的 制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将聚丙烯腈与ZIF-8分散于有机溶剂中，于60℃下搅拌得到均相的纺丝溶 液；然后将纺丝溶液加入到注射器中进行静电纺丝，采用基底收集，即得到所 述防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料。
进一步地，所述纺丝溶液中，ZIF-8的量为20wt％-60wt％。
进一步地，所述静电纺丝的电压为18kV，静电纺丝溶液流速为1mL/h， 静电纺丝喷丝头的直径为0.6mm。
进一步地，所述静电纺丝喷丝头距离基材的距离为15cm，基材的尺寸为 20×20cm。
进一步地，所述基材的材料并不受限，可以是常见高分子或者是金属材料， 优选为聚对苯二甲酸材料。
第三方面，本发明还提供了一种防霾口罩，该防霾口罩是由第一方面所述 的无纺布复合材料制备而成的。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明通过向普通无纺布材料中负载多孔材料ZIF-8，能够显著提高无纺布 的PM过滤能力。在有效的在过滤PM颗粒的同时规避呼吸不畅和热舒适感下 降的问题，同时材料制备简单，能够适用工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2-4的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的工艺示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人 员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术 领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术 语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的 术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，所用的材 料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
将1.291g的四水合硝酸锌溶解在甲醇中，向其中加入过量的2-甲基咪唑的 醇溶液。然后，搅拌混合溶液并将其在室温下静置24h。离心收集合成的粉末， 并用有机溶剂洗净真空干燥，得到多孔材料ZIF-8。
实施例2
将40mg制备得到的ZIF-8粉末同120mg聚丙烯腈分散在有机溶剂中，将 混合物在60℃下充分搅拌形成ZIF-8负载量为20wt％的均相溶液。所得静电纺 丝液通过高压静电纺丝工艺在基底上纺织形成防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料。 所述的静电纺丝电压为18kV，静电纺丝溶液流速为1mL/h，静电纺丝喷丝头 的直径为0.6mm。无纺布基底尺寸为20×20cm。
实施例3
将制备得到的ZIF-8粉末同聚丙烯腈分散在有机溶剂中，将混合物在60℃ 下充分搅拌形成ZIF-8负载量为40wt％的均相溶液。所得静电纺丝液通过高压 静电纺丝工艺在基底上纺织形成防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料。所述的静电纺 丝电压为18kV，静电纺丝溶液流速为1mL/h，静电纺丝喷丝头的直径为0.6mm。 无纺布基底尺寸为20×20cm。
实施例4
将制备得到的ZIF-8粉末同聚丙烯腈分散在有机溶剂中，将混合物在60℃ 下充分搅拌形成ZIF-8负载量为60wt％的均相溶液。所得静电纺丝液通过高压 静电纺丝工艺在基底上纺织形成防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料。所述的静电纺 丝电压为18kV，静电纺丝溶液流速为1mL/h，静电纺丝喷丝头的直径为0.6mm。 无纺布基底尺寸为20×20cm。
将实施例3制得的无纺布复合材料进行测试：其比表面积为467m2/g，且 其对于PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0的过滤效率分别为88.64％、78.35％和78.26％。
综上所述，本发明通过向普通无纺布材料中负载多孔材料ZIF-8，能够显著 提高无纺布的PM过滤能力，在有效过滤PM颗粒的同时规避呼吸不畅和热舒 适感下降的问题，同时材料制备简单，能够适用工业化生产。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的 保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或 变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其特征在于，所述无纺布复合材料包括高分子纤维基材和负载在所述纤维上的ZIF-8多孔材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其特征在于，所述无纺布复合材料中，ZIF-8的负载量为20wt％-60wt％。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其特征在于，所述无纺布复合材料的比表面积为467m2/g。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其特征在于，所述ZIF-8是经如下步骤制备得到的：
将四水合硝酸锌溶解于有机醇溶剂中，向其中加入过量的2-甲基咪唑的醇溶液，搅拌均匀，室温下静置；接着离心，收集离心物，用有机溶剂洗净，真空干燥后得到所述ZIF-8。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料，其特征在于，所述无纺布复合材料是由聚丙烯腈与ZIF-8经静电纺丝的方法制备得到的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将聚丙烯腈与ZIF-8分散于有机溶剂中，于60℃下搅拌得到均相的纺丝溶液；然后将纺丝溶液加入到注射器中进行静电纺丝，采用基底收集，即得到所述防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纺丝溶液中，ZIF-8的量为20wt％-60wt％。
8.如权利要求6所述的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述静电纺丝的电压为18kV，静电纺丝溶液流速为1mL/h，静电纺丝喷丝头的直径为0.6mm。
9.如权利要求6所述的防霾口罩专用无纺布复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述静电纺丝喷丝头距离基材的距离为15cm，基材的尺寸为20×20cm。
10.一种防霾口罩，其特征在于，所述防霾口罩是由权利要求1-5任一项所述的无纺布复合材料制备而成的。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101432070A (zh) * 2006-02-28 2009-05-13 密歇根大学董事会 官能化沸石骨架的制备
CN106988017A (zh) * 2017-03-20 2017-07-28 南京理工大学 一种用于吸附pm2.5的高吸附性多孔复合薄膜
CN110075815A (zh) * 2019-05-24 2019-08-02 西北大学 新型雾霾高效过滤银纳米线网与MOFs复合多孔纤维薄膜材料及其制备方法
CN110280150A (zh) * 2019-07-08 2019-09-27 北京科技大学 一种高抗污聚偏氟乙烯多孔基复合超滤膜材料的制备方法

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CN101432070A (zh) * 2006-02-28 2009-05-13 密歇根大学董事会 官能化沸石骨架的制备
CN106988017A (zh) * 2017-03-20 2017-07-28 南京理工大学 一种用于吸附pm2.5的高吸附性多孔复合薄膜
CN110075815A (zh) * 2019-05-24 2019-08-02 西北大学 新型雾霾高效过滤银纳米线网与MOFs复合多孔纤维薄膜材料及其制备方法
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