CN113397200B - Tobacco leaf grading system - Google Patents
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- CN113397200B CN113397200B CN202010186105.6A CN202010186105A CN113397200B CN 113397200 B CN113397200 B CN 113397200B CN 202010186105 A CN202010186105 A CN 202010186105A CN 113397200 B CN113397200 B CN 113397200B
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 394
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 393
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 380
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
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- LYKJEJVAXSGWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N compactone Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C1CC(=O)C3(O)CC(C)(CCC23)C=C LYKJEJVAXSGWAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/16—Classifying or aligning leaves
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- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco leaf grading system, which comprises a grading device and a posture adjusting device, wherein the grading device is used for collecting relevant information of the upper surface and the lower surface of tobacco leaves and grading the tobacco leaves according to the information; and the posture adjusting device is used for adjusting the tobacco leaves into uniform postures and conveying the unified postures to the grading device. According to the invention, through arranging the grading device and the posture adjusting device, intelligent grading is carried out on tobacco leaves, the influence of artificial factors is reduced, the stability, uniformity and consistency of grading of the tobacco leaves are ensured, the quality of the graded tobacco leaves is ensured, the labor intensity of tobacco processing enterprises is reduced, the labor efficiency is improved, the working environment is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco sorting and grading, in particular to a tobacco grading system.
Background
At present, most tobacco leaves subjected to threshing and redrying are classified in international or domestic modes by manual selection. Namely, the tobacco packages are placed at the appointed positions, tobacco leaves subjected to tobacco or tobacco leaf loosening are classified according to the requirements by means of manpower, and the classified tobacco leaves are placed at the appointed positions for sorting. The raw tobacco classification and bin separation mode mainly has the following problems: 1. the floor area is large, a large amount of labor is needed, the production efficiency is low, and the production cost is high; 2. the production environment is bad, the labor intensity of operators is high, and a large amount of dust can be inhaled by the operators in the working process, so that the health of the operators is influenced; 3. the quality of the finished tobacco leaves is greatly affected by artificial factors, and the quality deviation of the graded tobacco leaves is larger.
Along with the economic development of China, the labor cost is continuously increased, and the requirement for labor protection of workers is continuously increased. Under such circumstances, there is a need to develop an intelligent tobacco leaf loosening, classifying and separating system, which improves the consistency, stability and uniformity of tobacco leaf classifying quality, improves classifying efficiency, improves the utilization rate of tobacco leaves, reduces labor intensity, improves working environment, improves automatic control level, improves labor efficiency and reduces production cost of enterprises.
The present invention has been made in view of this.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides a tobacco leaf grading system which is used for intelligently loosening, adjusting the pose, grading and grading tobacco leaves, so that the quality of graded tobacco leaves is ensured, the labor intensity of tobacco processing enterprises is reduced, the labor efficiency is improved, the working environment is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A tobacco grading system, comprising:
The grading device is used for collecting the related information of the upper surface and the lower surface of the tobacco leaves and grading the tobacco leaves according to the information;
And the posture adjusting device is used for adjusting the tobacco leaves into uniform postures and conveying the unified postures to the grading device.
In the scheme, through setting up grading plant and gesture adjusting device, carry out intelligent classification to the tobacco leaf, reduce the factor of labor influence, ensure the stability, homogeneity and the uniformity of tobacco leaf classification for tobacco leaf quality after the grading has the guarantee, helps tobacco processing enterprise to reduce intensity of labour, improves work efficiency, improves operational environment, reduction in production cost. .
Further, the grading device includes:
the image recognition mechanism is used for acquiring images of the upper and lower surfaces of the tobacco leaves;
The grading conveying mechanism is used for receiving and conveying the tobacco leaves which are regulated to be in the uniform posture by the posture regulating device, so that the images of the upper surface and the lower surface of the tobacco leaves are sequentially acquired by the image identifying mechanism, and the tobacco leaves are continuously conveyed to the next procedure.
Further, the grading conveyor mechanism includes:
The first-stage conveying mechanism is used for receiving and conveying the tobacco leaves which are regulated into uniform postures by the posture regulating device, so that the tobacco leaves are opposite to the image recognition mechanism;
the second grading conveying mechanism is arranged at the front part of the conveying direction of the first grading conveying mechanism and is used for conveying the tobacco leaves with the upper and lower surface images acquired by the image recognition mechanism in the next process;
preferably, a gap is formed between the first grading conveying mechanism and the second grading conveying mechanism;
Preferably, the conveying surface of the first grading conveyor is higher than the conveying surface of the second grading conveyor.
Further, the image recognition mechanism includes:
The first image recognition part is arranged above the first grading conveying mechanism and is used for acquiring images of the upper surfaces of the tobacco leaves;
the second image recognition part is arranged below the gap between the first grading conveying mechanism and the second grading conveying mechanism and is used for acquiring the image of the lower surface of the tobacco leaf;
preferably, the image recognition mechanism comprises a high-speed camera for linearly scanning tobacco leaves.
In the scheme, the positions of the grading conveying mechanism and the image recognition mechanism are reasonably set, so that the grading conveying mechanism and the image recognition mechanism are skillfully matched, and the images of the upper surface and the lower surface of the single-piece tobacco leaf can be comprehensively, accurately and conveniently obtained without other additional procedures or other complex mechanisms.
Further, the posture adjustment device includes:
the air separation mechanism is used for carrying out air separation and preliminary gesture adjustment on tobacco leaves;
the posture adjusting mechanism is communicated with the air distributing mechanism and is used for adjusting tobacco leaves into a uniform posture;
Preferably, the wind separation mechanism comprises a wind separation bin, wherein the wind separation bin is sequentially provided with a lower bin and an upper bin from bottom to top, the lower bin is used for carrying out winnowing on tobacco leaves, and the upper bin is communicated with the posture adjustment mechanism and is used for carrying out primary posture adjustment on the tobacco leaves;
preferably, the inner diameter of the upper bin gradually decreases from bottom to top;
Preferably, the posture adjusting mechanism comprises a first air conveying pipeline and a second air conveying pipeline which are communicated with each other and used for conveying air for suspending tobacco leaves to fly in the air, and the first air conveying pipeline is communicated with the upper bin;
Preferably, the first air conveying pipeline comprises a first turning section, a horizontal section and a second turning section which are sequentially communicated, the first turning section is an arc section, the lower end of the first turning section is communicated with the upper bin, the upper end of the first turning section is communicated with the horizontal section, smooth transition connection is formed between the upper bin and the horizontal section, the second turning section is an arc section, the upper end of the second turning section is communicated with the horizontal section, the lower end of the second turning section is communicated with the second air conveying pipeline, and smooth transition connection is formed between the horizontal section and the second air conveying pipeline;
Preferably, the second air conveying pipeline is downwards inclined from the second turning section and is communicated with a blanking mechanism for collecting tobacco leaves, and the pipe diameter of the second air conveying pipeline is gradually increased along the conveying direction.
In the scheme, through reasonably setting the air separation bin and the air conveying pipeline, tobacco leaves are automatically adjusted into a unified posture in the air conveying pipeline, and the air separation bin is not required to be assisted by other mechanical structures, so that the air separation bin is high in efficiency and low in cost.
Further, the posture adjusting device also comprises a blanking mechanism, wherein the blanking mechanism is communicated with the posture adjusting mechanism and is used for collecting tobacco leaves which are adjusted to be in a unified posture by the posture adjusting mechanism and conveying the tobacco leaves to a next procedure;
preferably, the blanking mechanism includes:
The blanking bin is communicated with the gesture adjusting mechanism and used for collecting tobacco leaves;
the first air suction structure is communicated with the blanking bin and is used for sucking air in the blanking bin to form a negative pressure area;
The blanking conveying structure is positioned below the blanking bin and is used for conveying tobacco leaves collected by the blanking bin to the next working procedure in a unified posture;
preferably, the blanking conveying structure comprises a ventilation belt conveyor for conveying tobacco leaves falling onto the ventilation belt conveyor out of a blanking bin, wherein through holes are uniformly formed in a belt of the ventilation belt conveyor, and a cavity is formed below the belt;
The blanking mechanism further comprises a second air suction structure which is communicated with the cavity and used for sucking air in the cavity to form a negative pressure area.
Further, the gesture adjusting device also comprises a gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the air separation mechanism is provided with a feed inlet, and the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism conveys tobacco leaves to the air separation mechanism through the feed inlet;
Preferably, the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism comprises a first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism and a second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the speed of conveying tobacco leaves by the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is higher than that of conveying tobacco leaves by the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the initial conveying ends of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism and the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism are lower than the final conveying ends of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is positioned in front of the conveying direction of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, and the initial conveying end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is lower than the final conveying end of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism;
preferably, a wind pressing plate for accelerating tobacco leaves into the air separation mechanism is arranged above the conveying tail end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism.
Further, the tobacco sorting device is used for sorting tobacco leaves graded by the grading device, and the grading device is arranged between the sorting device and the posture adjusting device;
Preferably, the sorting device comprises a grading conveying mechanism, a plurality of sorting mechanisms and a plurality of collecting mechanisms, wherein the grading conveying mechanism is used for conveying tobacco leaves graded by the grading device to the sorting mechanism, the sorting mechanism picks up tobacco leaves of corresponding grades and moves the tobacco leaves of corresponding grades to the collecting mechanisms, the collecting mechanisms are used for collecting the tobacco leaves of corresponding grades, the sorting mechanisms sequentially cross over the grading conveying mechanism to pick up the tobacco leaves graded by the grading conveying mechanism and enable the tobacco leaves to pass through the lower part of the sorting mechanism, the collecting mechanisms are matched with the sorting mechanisms, the collecting mechanisms comprise a conveying belt conveyor and a collecting bin, and a belt of the conveying belt conveyor is arranged above the grading conveying mechanism and below the sorting mechanism so that the tobacco leaves picked up by the sorting mechanism fall onto the conveying belt conveyor;
preferably, the separating mechanism comprises a fan, a negative pressure pipe, a suction pick-up part and a discharge part, wherein the fan is communicated with the negative pressure pipe to provide negative pressure for the suction pick-up part, the suction pick-up part is used for sucking and moving tobacco leaves, the discharge part is used for separating the sucked tobacco leaves from the suction pick-up part, and the suction pick-up part and the discharge part are matched, so that the tobacco leaves needing separating are dropped onto a conveying belt conveyor of the collecting mechanism.
In the scheme, the grading conveying mechanism, the sorting mechanism and the collecting mechanism are mutually matched, so that the tobacco sorting process is automated, the sorting accuracy is improved, the labor intensity of tobacco sorting is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
Further, the tobacco loosening device is used for loosening the tobacco leaves into mainly single-piece tobacco leaves and conveying the single-piece tobacco leaves to the posture adjusting device;
Preferably, the loosening device comprises a horizontal conveying mechanism and a height limiting mechanism, wherein the horizontal conveying mechanism is used for conveying tobacco leaves, the height limiting mechanism is used for thinning the tobacco leaves on the horizontal conveying mechanism, and the height limiting mechanism is arranged above the horizontal conveying mechanism;
Preferably, the loosening device further comprises a lifting mechanism and a stirring mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism is arranged in front of the conveying direction of the horizontal conveying mechanism and inclines upwards from the lower part of the conveying tail end of the horizontal conveying mechanism, and is used for conveying tobacco leaves to a certain height, and the stirring mechanism is arranged on one side of the conveying surface of the lifting mechanism and is used for stirring the tobacco leaves on the lifting mechanism into single-piece tobacco leaves.
Further, the tobacco leaf grading system comprises at least two gesture adjusting devices, a distributing device is arranged between the loosening device and the two gesture adjusting devices, and is used for distributing tobacco leaves loosened by the loosening device to the two gesture adjusting devices;
preferably, the material distributing device comprises a first rotary rod and a second rotary rod which are opposite in rotation direction;
Preferably, a photoelectric switch is arranged above the joint of the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod and is used for monitoring the blocking condition of the material distributing device.
In the scheme, the single-line input, the double-line gesture adjustment, the double-line detection and the double-line bin division of the tobacco leaves are realized by arranging the distributing device, so that the efficiency is greatly improved.
After the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, the following beneficial effects are brought:
According to the tobacco leaf grading system, the loosening device, the posture adjusting device, the grading device and the sorting device are arranged to intelligently loosen, regulate the posture, grade and sort tobacco leaves, so that stability, uniformity and consistency of grading of the tobacco leaves are ensured, the quality of the graded tobacco leaves is ensured, the labor intensity of tobacco processing enterprises is reduced, the labor efficiency is improved, the working environment is improved, and the production cost is reduced.
According to the tobacco leaf grading system provided by the invention, the positions of the grading conveying mechanism and the image recognition mechanism are reasonably arranged, so that the grading conveying mechanism and the image recognition mechanism are skillfully matched, and the images of the upper surface and the lower surface of the single-piece tobacco leaf can be comprehensively, accurately and conveniently obtained without other additional working procedures or other complex mechanisms.
According to the tobacco leaf grading system provided by the invention, through reasonably arranging the air separation bin and the air conveying pipeline, tobacco leaves are automatically regulated into a unified posture in the air conveying pipeline, the auxiliary operation of other mechanical structures is not needed, the efficiency is high, and the cost is low.
According to the tobacco leaf grading system provided by the invention, through the mutual matching of the grading conveying mechanism, the grading mechanism and the collecting mechanism, the tobacco leaf grading is fully automated, the grading accuracy is improved, the labor intensity of tobacco leaf grading is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
According to the tobacco leaf grading system provided by the invention, the single-line input, double-line gesture adjustment, double-line detection and double-line bin division of tobacco leaves are realized by arranging the material dividing device, so that the efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the embodiment of the invention provides a tobacco leaf grading system structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2: the embodiment of the invention provides a grading device structure schematic diagram of a tobacco grading system.
Fig. 3: the embodiment of the invention provides a schematic structure diagram of a posture adjusting device of a tobacco grading system.
Fig. 4 and 5: the embodiment of the invention provides a schematic diagram of different visual angles of a blanking mechanism of a posture adjusting device of a tobacco grading system
Fig. 6: the embodiment of the invention provides a structure schematic diagram of a warehouse separation device of a tobacco grading system.
Fig. 7: the embodiment of the invention provides a schematic structure diagram of a sorting mechanism of a sorting device of a tobacco leaf grading system.
Fig. 8: the embodiment of the invention provides a loosening device structure schematic diagram of a tobacco leaf grading system.
Fig. 9: the embodiment of the invention provides a distributing device structure schematic diagram of a tobacco leaf grading system.
Reference numerals: 1. posture adjusting device 11, air dividing mechanism 111, air dividing bin 1111, upper bin 1112, lower bin 112, bracket 12, posture adjusting mechanism 121, first air delivery tube 1211, first turn section 1212, horizontal section 1213, second turn section 122, second air delivery tube 13, blanking mechanism 131, blanking bin 1311, first deflector 132, first air suction structure 1321, first fan 1322, first opening 133, blanking delivery structure 1331, ventilation belt 1332, chamber 134, second air suction structure 1341, second fan 1342, second opening 135, discharge brush roll 14, posture adjusting delivery mechanism 141, air deflector 142, second posture adjusting delivery mechanism 143, first posture adjusting delivery mechanism 2, classifying device 211-the device comprises a first-stage conveying mechanism 212, a second-stage conveying mechanism 221, a first image recognition part 222, a second image recognition part 3, a sorting device 31, a grading conveying mechanism 32, a sorting mechanism 321, a fan 322, a negative pressure pipe 323, a suction component 3231, a negative pressure suction pipe 3232, a diagonal cylinder 324, a discharging component 325, a mounting rack 33, a collecting mechanism 331, a conveying belt conveyor 4, a loosening device 41, a horizontal conveying mechanism 411, a paving She Pidai machine 412, a horizontal conveying belt conveyor 421, a height limiting belt conveyor 4211, a shifting plate 431, a lifting belt conveyor 441, a shifting roller 45, a blanking hopper 5, a sorting device 51, a first rotary roller 511, a first speed reducer 52, a second rotary roller 521 and a second speed reducer
It should be noted that these drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate the inventive concept to those skilled in the art by referring to the specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, a tobacco grading system comprises a grading device 2 and a posture adjusting device 1, wherein the posture adjusting device 1 is used for adjusting tobacco leaves into uniform postures and conveying the unified postures to the grading device 2, and the grading device 2 is used for collecting relevant information on the upper surface and the lower surface of the tobacco leaves and grading the tobacco leaves according to the information.
In the embodiment of the invention, the grading device 2 comprises an image recognition mechanism and a grading conveying mechanism, wherein the image recognition mechanism is used for acquiring images of the upper surface and the lower surface of tobacco leaves, and the grading conveying mechanism is used for receiving and conveying the tobacco leaves which are regulated to be in a uniform posture by the posture regulating device, so that the images of the upper surface and the lower surface of the tobacco leaves are sequentially acquired by the image recognition mechanism, and the tobacco leaves are continuously conveyed to the next procedure.
Specifically, the grading device 2 includes a software part and a hardware part, the software part is a related software system, and the hardware part includes a grading conveying mechanism and an image recognition mechanism. The present invention relates generally to a related device of a hardware part. The grading conveying mechanism is a horizontal conveying belt conveyor and is used for receiving the tobacco leaves which are regulated to be in a unified posture by the posture regulating device and conveying the tobacco leaves forwards, so that the images of the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the tobacco leaves are sequentially acquired by the image identifying mechanism, and then the tobacco leaves are continuously conveyed to the next working procedure. As shown in fig. 2, the grading conveyor mechanism includes a first grading conveyor mechanism 211 and a second grading conveyor mechanism 212, the first grading conveyor mechanism 211 is used for receiving and conveying tobacco leaves which are adjusted to have a uniform posture by the posture adjustment device 1, so that the tobacco leaves are opposite to the image recognition mechanism, the second grading conveyor mechanism 212 is arranged in front of the first grading conveyor mechanism 211 in the conveying direction, the tobacco leaves with upper and lower surface images acquired by the image recognition mechanism are conveyed in the next process, a gap is formed between the first grading conveyor mechanism 211 and the second grading conveyor mechanism 212, the gap is 1-10 mm, and the conveying surface of the first grading conveyor mechanism 211 is higher than that of the second grading conveyor mechanism 212. That is, the stage conveying mechanism is two horizontal conveying belt conveyors which are sequentially arranged along the same direction, a gap is arranged between the two horizontal conveying belt conveyors, and the height of the belt in the former is higher than that of the belt in the latter.
The image recognition mechanism includes a first image recognition part 221 and a second image recognition part 222, the first image recognition part 221 is disposed above the first grading conveyor 211 for obtaining an image of the upper surface of the tobacco leaf, the second image recognition part 222 is disposed below the gap between the first grading conveyor 211 and the second grading conveyor 212 for obtaining an image of the lower surface of the tobacco leaf, and both the first image recognition part 221 and the second image recognition part 222 may be high-speed cameras for linearly scanning the tobacco leaf. In this way, when the first-stage conveying mechanism 211 conveys the single-piece tobacco to the position opposite to the first image recognition unit 221, the first image recognition unit 221 acquires an image of the upper surface of the single-piece tobacco; the single-piece tobacco is continuously conveyed forward, and the second image recognition portion 222 acquires an image of the lower surface of the single-piece tobacco when passing through the gap between the first-stage conveying mechanism 211 and the second-stage conveying mechanism 212, that is, the position opposite to the second image recognition portion 222. The first image recognition part 221 and the second image recognition part 222 respectively transmit the acquired images of the upper and lower surfaces of the single tobacco leaf to a related software system for analysis, and the single tobacco leaf is intelligently classified through a scientific algorithm.
The invention ensures that the fixed-stage conveying mechanism and the image recognition mechanism are skillfully matched by reasonably setting the positions of the fixed-stage conveying mechanism and the image recognition mechanism, and can comprehensively, accurately and conveniently acquire the images of the upper surface and the lower surface of the single tobacco leaf without other additional working procedures or other complex mechanisms. The conveying surface of the first stage conveying mechanism 211 is higher than that of the second stage conveying mechanism 212, so that the single-sheet tobacco smoothly reaches the conveying surface of the second stage conveying mechanism 212 under the dual actions of inertia and gravity, the single-sheet tobacco is ensured to be smoothly conveyed forward, and the second image recognition part 222 is ensured to be capable of smoothly acquiring the image of the lower surface of the single-sheet tobacco. If the conveying surface of the first stage conveying mechanism 211 and the conveying surface of the second stage conveying mechanism 212 are at the same height, there is a possibility that the individual tobacco leaves cannot smoothly reach the conveying surface of the second stage conveying mechanism 212 due to a gap therebetween. The second image recognition part 222 is a high-speed camera for linearly scanning the tobacco leaves, so that the image of the lower surface of a single piece of tobacco leaves is ensured to be comprehensively acquired at one time. Since the gap between the first stage conveying mechanism 211 and the second stage conveying mechanism 212 is relatively small, if the second image recognition unit 222 cannot perform linear scanning, but only performs quick photographing, it may be impossible to completely obtain an image of the lower surface of the single-piece tobacco leaf, or other processing steps may be required to completely obtain an image of the lower surface of the single-piece tobacco leaf.
As an alternative embodiment, the grading conveying mechanism can also be other equipment such as a roller screen or a vibrating tank, so long as the single tobacco leaves can be smoothly conveyed forward. The first image recognition part 221 is located above the first stage conveying mechanism 211, and the single tobacco leaves are completely exposed in the photographic range of the first image recognition part 221, so that the first image recognition part 221 can be other photographic equipment as long as the upper surface image of the single tobacco leaves can be obtained at one time.
In the embodiment of the invention, the posture adjustment device 1 comprises an air separation mechanism 11 for carrying out air separation and preliminary posture adjustment on tobacco leaves and a posture adjustment mechanism 12 for adjusting the tobacco leaves into a uniform posture, and the air separation mechanism 11 is communicated with the posture adjustment mechanism 12.
The wind in the wind separating mechanism 11 moves from bottom to top to generate buoyancy, and after the tobacco leaves enter the wind separating mechanism 11, under the dual action of gravity and buoyancy, heavier tobacco stems and sundries are converged at the lower end of the wind separating mechanism 11 and flow out of the wind separating mechanism 11, and lighter tobacco leaves float upwards, so that the tobacco leaves are separated by winnowing; the axial length of the air separation mechanism 11 is longer, most tobacco leaves initially form a unified posture of the front blade tip and the rear blade tip of the leaf base in a single-leaf tobacco leaf mode in the floating process, and then enter the posture adjustment mechanism 12 communicated with the air separation mechanism 11, and the tobacco leaves are further adjusted into the unified posture of the front blade tip and the rear blade tip of the leaf base in the posture adjustment mechanism 12. Through the cooperation of the air separation mechanism 11 and the posture adjustment mechanism 12, the tobacco leaves are adjusted into single-piece tobacco leaves with unified postures with the leaf bases at the front and the back, and the intelligent classification of the tobacco leaves is guaranteed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the wind-dividing mechanism 11 of the present invention includes a wind-dividing bin 111 and a bracket 112 for supporting the wind-dividing bin 111, the wind-dividing bin 111 is provided with a lower bin 1112 and an upper bin 1111 from bottom to top, the lower bin 1112 is used for winnowing tobacco leaves, the upper bin 1111 is communicated with the posture-adjusting mechanism 12 and is used for performing initial posture adjustment on tobacco leaves, and the inner diameter of the upper bin 1111 is gradually reduced from bottom to top. Tobacco leaves enter the air separation bin 111 from the side surface of the lower end of the lower bin 1112, heavier tobacco stems and sundries fall to the bottom surface of the lower bin 1112 and flow out of the lower bin 1112, and fall into a drawer arranged below the bracket 112 for collecting impurities. The lower bin 1112 is mainly used for winnowing tobacco leaves, the inner diameter of the lower bin 1112 is unchanged, the cross section of the lower bin 1112 can be square or circular, the upper bin 1111 is matched with the lower bin 1112, i.e. the cross section of the upper bin 1111 is also square or circular, and the preferable scheme is circular. The wind sub-bin 111 with the circular cross section can make full use of space and is beneficial to forming uniform wind fields. The inner diameter of the upper bin 1111 gradually becomes smaller along the wind conveying direction, namely from bottom to top, the cross section of the upper bin 1111 gradually becomes smaller, the wind speed becomes larger and larger, the floating speed of tobacco leaves becomes faster and faster, and the wind speed at the outlet of the upper end of the upper bin 1111 is more than 20m/s. The axial length of the lower chamber 1112 is about 1 to 1.5 times, preferably 1.3 times, the axial length of the upper chamber 1111. According to the aerodynamic principle, the larger the windward area is, the larger the air resistance is, and when an object moves in an air field, the larger the resistance is, the later the resistance is, and the earlier the resistance is, so that most tobacco leaves initially form a posture that the leaf base is at the front and the leaf tip is at the back in the upper bin 1111.
The tobacco leaves enter the posture adjusting mechanism 12 from the upper bin 1111 to further adjust the posture, in the embodiment of the invention, the posture adjusting mechanism 12 is a pneumatic conveying pipeline for conveying air, and the tobacco leaves are in a suspended flying state in the pneumatic conveying pipeline to adjust the posture. The air conveying pipeline comprises a first air conveying pipeline 121 and a second air conveying pipeline 122 which are mutually communicated, the first air conveying pipeline 121 is communicated with an upper bin 1111, the second air conveying pipeline 122 is communicated with a blanking mechanism 13 for collecting tobacco leaves, the first air conveying pipeline 121 comprises a first turning section 1211, a horizontal section 1212 and a second turning section 1213 which are sequentially communicated, the first turning section 1211 is an arc-shaped section, the lower end is communicated with the upper bin 1111, the upper end is communicated with the horizontal section 1212, a smooth transition connection is formed between the upper bin 1111 and the horizontal section 1212, the horizontal section 1212 is perpendicular to the axis of the upper bin 1111, the second turning section 1213 is an arc-shaped section, the upper end is communicated with the horizontal section 1212, the lower end is communicated with the second air conveying pipeline 122, and a smooth transition connection is formed between the horizontal section 1212 and the second air conveying pipeline 122. The second air conveying pipeline 122 is downwardly inclined from the second turning section 1213 and is communicated with the blanking mechanism 13 for collecting tobacco leaves, the pipe diameter of the second air conveying pipeline 122 is gradually increased along the conveying direction, and the included angle between the second air conveying pipeline 122 and the ground is 60-70 degrees, preferably 67 degrees. The first turning section 1211 and the second turning section 1213 are arc-shaped pipes, the turning radius is greater than or equal to 1 meter, the projections of the first turning section 1211 and the second turning section 1213 on the horizontal plane are about 1 meter long, the projections of the horizontal section 1212 on the horizontal plane are about 4 meters long, and the inner diameters of the first turning section 1211, the horizontal section 1212 and the second turning section 1213 are equal, preferably the inner diameters are equal to the inner diameters of the ports on the upper bin 1111.
The wind separating bin 111 in the wind separating mechanism 11 consists of a lower bin 1112 with a constant inner diameter and an upper bin 1111 with an inner diameter gradually decreasing from bottom to top, so that tobacco stems and impurities can be removed conveniently, the floating speed of tobacco leaves can be increased gradually, most of tobacco leaves can be adjusted in the upper bin 1111 preliminarily, the preparation is made for the rear tobacco leaves to enter a wind conveying pipeline to be adjusted into a uniform posture, and the situation that all tobacco leaves possibly collide and break due to the centralized adjustment of the posture in the wind conveying pipeline is avoided; the axial length of the lower bin 1112 is about 1 to 1.5 times the axial length of the upper bin 1111, i.e., the axial length of the upper bin 1111 is relatively long, so that most tobacco leaves can be ensured to perform initial posture adjustment therein. In addition, the upper bin 1111 is gradually narrowed and can be matched with the air conveying pipeline better, so that sudden increase of wind speed caused by abrupt change of the communication part of the air separating bin 111 and the air conveying pipeline is avoided, and tobacco leaves are severely crushed or blocked together.
The tobacco leaves are automatically adjusted into a unified posture in the air conveying pipeline, the auxiliary operation of other mechanical structures is not needed, the efficiency is high, and the cost is low. The air conveying pipeline consists of a first air conveying pipeline 121 and a second air conveying pipeline 122, tobacco leaves are fully regulated in the first air conveying pipeline 121 and enter the second air conveying pipeline 122 in a unified posture, the inner diameter of the second air conveying pipeline 122 is gradually increased, the flying speed of the tobacco leaves can be gradually reduced to about 10m/s, and preparation is made for the tobacco leaves to enter the next working procedure or for the collection of the tobacco leaves; the first air conveying pipeline 121 comprises a first turning section 1211, a horizontal section 1212 and a second turning section 1213 which are sequentially communicated, the horizontal section 1212 provides sufficient distance for adjusting the tobacco leaves into a unified posture, the first turning section 1211 and the second turning section 1213 provide buffer space for changing the flying direction of the tobacco leaves, the first turning section 1211 forms smooth transition connection between the upper bin 1111 and the horizontal section 1212, the second turning section 1213 forms smooth transition connection between the horizontal section 1212 and the second air conveying pipeline 122, the turning radius of the first turning section 1211 and the second turning section 1213 is larger than 1m, and the wind speed in the first air conveying pipeline 121 is larger than 20m/s, so that the tobacco leaves can be ensured to smoothly pass through the first turning section 1211 and the second turning section 1213 without blocking.
In the embodiment of the invention, the posture adjustment device 1 further comprises a blanking mechanism 13, the blanking mechanism 13 is communicated with the posture adjustment mechanism 12, and the blanking mechanism 13 is used for collecting tobacco leaves which are adjusted to be in a uniform posture by the posture adjustment mechanism 12 and conveying the tobacco leaves to the next process.
The tobacco leaves come out of the posture adjustment mechanism 12 in a unified posture and enter the blanking mechanism 13, and the blanking mechanism 13 sequentially collects the tobacco leaves which fall into the blanking mechanism and are adjusted to be in the unified posture by the posture adjustment mechanism 12 and conveys the tobacco leaves to the next procedure for classification in the unified posture that the leaf base is in front and the leaf tip is behind.
The blanking mechanism 13 comprises a blanking bin 131, a first air suction structure 132 and a blanking conveying structure 133, wherein the first air suction structure 132 is communicated with the blanking bin 131, sucks air in the blanking bin 131, and the blanking conveying structure 133 is positioned below the blanking bin 131 and is used for conveying tobacco leaves collected by the blanking bin 13 to the next process in a unified posture; a third opening is formed in one side surface of the blanking bin 131, and the blanking bin 131 is communicated with the posture adjusting mechanism 12 through the third opening.
Specifically, the blanking mechanism 13 is located at the front of the air-feed line in the conveying direction, communicates with the second air-feed line 122, collects tobacco leaves coming out of the second air-feed line 122, and conveys the tobacco leaves to the next process in a fixed posture. The blanking bin 131 of the blanking mechanism 13 is provided with an opening matched with the port of the second air conveying pipeline 122 on the side face opposite to the second air conveying pipeline 122, the opening is a third opening, the third opening is arranged at the middle lower end of the side face of the blanking bin 131, the second air conveying pipeline 122 is communicated with the blanking bin 131 through the third opening, and tobacco leaves enter the blanking bin 131 from the third opening in a unified posture that leaf tips are in front and behind. If the negative pressure is applied to the blanking bin 131, the tobacco leaves can enter the blanking bin 131 more smoothly, and in order to form the negative pressure in the blanking bin 131, the blanking mechanism 13 is provided with a first air suction structure 132 for sucking air in the blanking bin 131 to form a negative pressure area (see fig. 4): an opening is formed in a side face adjacent to the side face where the third opening is formed, the opening is a first opening 1322, the first air suction structure 132 comprises a first fan 1321, one end of a connecting pipe is connected with the first fan 1321 through the first opening 1322, the other end of the connecting pipe is connected with the blanking bin 131, and therefore the first fan 1321 is communicated with the blanking bin 131. The first opening 1322 is preferably provided in the upper portion of the side of the blanking chamber 131 to prevent tobacco from being directly sucked into the first fan 1321. The first fan 1321 is a variable frequency fan, and the wind speed is adjusted according to actual needs, so that the ascending airflow in the blanking bin 131 is lower than 1.8m/s, and the light broken tobacco flakes can be prevented from floating up into the first fan 1321.
Alternatively, the first opening 1322 may be provided in an upper portion of the other side surface, including an upper portion of the side surface where the third opening is located.
The blanking conveying structure 133 comprises a ventilation belt conveyor 1331 for conveying tobacco leaves falling onto the blanking conveying structure out of the blanking bin 131, the belt of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331 is provided with through holes which are uniformly distributed on the surface of the whole belt, the diameter of each through hole is about 6mm, and the distance between the two through holes is about 40 mm. If there is a slight negative pressure on the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, the tobacco leaves can be lightly adhered to the belt surface, so that the tobacco leaves can be conveyed out of the blanking bin 131 more smoothly, in order to form a negative pressure on the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, the blanking mechanism 13 is further provided with a second air suction structure 134 (see fig. 4), the second air suction structure 134 comprises a second fan 1341, a chamber 1332 is arranged below the belt of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, one side surface of the chamber 1332 is provided with a second opening 1342, and the second fan 1341 is communicated with the chamber 1332 through the second opening 1342 so as to suck air in the chamber 1332, so that a slight negative pressure exists on the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331. The extent of the chamber 1332 may be such that the entire area under the belt of the ventilated belt conveyor 1331 is the chamber 1332, or just under the belt directly under the drop bin 131 is the chamber 1332, the latter being preferred. The second fan 1341 is a variable frequency fan, and the wind speed is adjusted according to actual needs, so that slight negative pressure is formed on the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331.
In order to make the wind speed of the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331 consistent, a plurality of guide plates with different lengths are arranged below the belt, the length direction of each guide plate is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, the short guide plates are positioned above the long guide plates, the distance between the guide plates is equal, one end of each guide plate is connected with the second opening 1342, the outlet of the second fan 1341 is equally divided into a plurality of parts, the guide plates are matched with each other, three guide plates are preferably arranged, and the outlet of the second fan 1341 is equally divided into three parts.
In order to prevent a large amount of air from entering the blanking bin 131 from between the blanking bin 131 and the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, the blanking mechanism 13 is further provided with a discharging brush roller 135 (see fig. 3 and 5), the discharging brush roller 135 is connected with the lower edge of the side opposite to the side where the third opening is located, the discharging brush roller 135 forms a gap with the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, and tobacco leaves are output from the gap. The discharging brush roller 135 is a cylinder, the cylinder spans the upper surface of the belt of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, the rotation direction of the cylinder is opposite to the conveying direction of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, and in order to ensure that the force of the cylinder and the belt acting on tobacco leaves is the same, the tangential speed of the surface of the cylinder is the same as the horizontal running speed of the belt. The function of the discharging brush roller is equivalent to that of the discharging airlock, but the crushing of tobacco leaves by the discharging brush roller 135 is lower. The discharge brush roller 135 may also be an airlock door type seal roller.
The belt of ejection of compact brush roll 135 and ventilation belt feeder 1331 is the interference design, in order to prevent the belt from collapsing and deforming and leaking air under ejection of compact brush roll 135, sets up the hold-down plate below the ventilation belt, and the hold-down plate is located ejection of compact brush roll 135 directly under, holds the belt face.
In order to enable the tobacco leaves from the second air conveying pipeline 122 to fall onto the ventilation belt conveyor 1331 more smoothly, a first guide plate 1311 for guiding the tobacco leaves to the ventilation belt conveyor 1331 is arranged in the blanking bin 131, one end of the first guide plate 1311 is close to the lower edge of the third opening, the other end of the first guide plate 1311 is in clearance with the belt surface of the ventilation belt conveyor 1331, and the first guide plate 1311 is an arc-shaped plate. One end of the first guide plate 1311 can be arranged at any position between the lower edge of the third opening and the lower edge of the side surface where the third opening is located, and the preferable scheme is that one end of the first guide plate 1311 is connected with the lower edge of the third opening, and through the first guide plate 1311, the angle that tobacco leaves fall onto a belt can be adjusted, so that the through holes in the belt in tobacco stem bundles can be prevented from obstructing conveying.
In the embodiment of the invention, the posture adjusting device 1 further comprises a posture adjusting conveying mechanism 14, the air separation mechanism 11 is provided with a feed inlet, and the posture adjusting conveying mechanism conveys tobacco leaves to the air separation mechanism 11 through the feed inlet.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 14 includes a first gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 143 and a second gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 142, the speed of conveying tobacco leaves by the second gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 142 is higher than that of conveying tobacco leaves by the first gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 143, the initial conveying ends of the two conveying ends are lower than that of the conveying ends of the first gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 143, the initial conveying end of the second gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 142 is lower than that of the first gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 143, that is, the first gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 143 and the second gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism 142 are both inclined to the wind-dividing bin, and are conveying belt conveyors. The conveying speed of the first posture-adjusting conveying mechanism 143 is lower than that of the second posture-adjusting conveying mechanism 142. The side surface of the lower end of the air separation bin 111 is provided with a feeding hole, namely, the side surface of the lower end of the lower bin 1112 is provided with a relatively large opening, and tobacco leaves on the second gesture adjusting and conveying mechanism 142 enter the air separation bin 111 through the opening. The air pressing plate 141 for accelerating tobacco leaves into the air separation mechanism is arranged above the conveying tail end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 142, the air pressing plate 141 extends from the upper edge of the feeding hole towards the conveying reverse direction of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 142, namely, the air pressing plate 141 is positioned above the conveying tail end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 142, so that the air pressing plate 141 guides part of air in the air separation bin 111 to form an air field between the conveying tail end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 142 and the air pressing plate 141, the tobacco leaves are accelerated into the air separation bin 111, the air pressing plate 141 can be arranged into a straight plate, one end of the straight plate is connected with the upper edge of the feeding hole, the other end of the straight plate extends towards the upper side of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 142, the straight plate is parallel to the conveying surface of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 142, the vertical side of the gesture adjusting mechanism is in a reverse L shape, the vertical side of the gesture adjusting L extends upwards from the upper edge of the feeding hole along the inner wall of the air separation bin 111, and the horizontal side of the gesture adjusting L shape extends towards the upper edge of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism. The length of the straight plate or the L-shaped transverse edge is about half a meter.
Alternatively, the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism can be provided with only the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism or the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, namely, the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is provided with only one conveying belt conveyor.
The tobacco leaves are gradually accelerated through the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism and the air pressing plate 141, so that the tobacco leaves are ready for entering the air separation bin 111 and the gesture adjusting mechanism to automatically adjust the gesture, the tobacco leaves can be quickly adjusted to be uniform gesture, and the efficiency is improved. The conveying start end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is lower than the tail end of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, so that tobacco leaves can smoothly reach the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism in the original gesture, and the tobacco leaves are prevented from turning over caused by sudden acceleration.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the tobacco leaf grading system further comprises a sorting device 3 for sorting the tobacco leaves graded by the grading device 2, and the grading device 2 is disposed between the sorting device 3 and the posture adjusting device 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the sorting device 3 includes a sorting conveyor 31, a plurality of sorting mechanisms 32 and a plurality of collecting mechanisms 33, the sorting conveyor 31 is used for conveying the tobacco leaves sorted by the sorting device to the sorting mechanism 32, the sorting mechanism 32 picks up the tobacco leaves of the corresponding grade and moves the tobacco leaves of the corresponding grade to the collecting mechanisms 33, the collecting mechanisms 33 are used for collecting the tobacco leaves of the corresponding grade, the sorting mechanisms 32 sequentially span over the sorting conveyor 31 to pick up the tobacco leaves sorted by the sorting device conveyed by the sorting conveyor 31 and pass the tobacco leaves under the sorting mechanism 32, the collecting mechanisms 33 are matched with the sorting mechanisms 32, the collecting mechanisms 33 include a conveying belt conveyor 331 and a collecting bin (not marked in the drawing), and the belt of the conveying belt conveyor 331 is arranged above the sorting conveyor 31 and below the sorting mechanism 32 so that the tobacco leaves picked up by the sorting mechanism 32 fall onto the belt of the conveying belt conveyor 331.
The separating mechanism 32 comprises a fan 321, a negative pressure pipe 322, a suction pickup part 323 and a discharge part 324, wherein the fan 321 is communicated with the negative pressure pipe 322 through a flexible connection to provide negative pressure for the suction pickup part 323, the suction pickup part 323 is used for picking up and moving tobacco leaves, the discharge part 324 is used for separating the picked tobacco leaves from the suction pickup part 323, and the suction pickup part 323 and the discharge part 324 are matched to enable the tobacco leaves needing separating to fall onto a conveying belt conveyor 331 of the collecting mechanism 33.
The sorting mechanism 32 further includes a mounting frame 325, the mounting frame 325 straddles the conveying direction of the sorting conveyor 31, a pick-up member 323 is connected to the upper end of the mounting frame 325, a discharge member 324 is provided on the side of the mounting frame 325 straddles the conveying direction of the sorting conveyor 31, a blower 321 is provided at one end of the mounting frame 325, and a negative pressure pipe 322 traverses the mounting frame 325.
The pick-up unit 323 includes a pick-up member for picking up tobacco leaves and a moving member for changing a moving direction of the tobacco leaves picked up by the pick-up member, and the pick-up member and the moving member cooperate to move the picked-up tobacco leaves above a belt of the conveyor belt 331 of the collecting mechanism 33. The suction pickup member and the moving member are connected by a connecting part, the suction pickup member includes a negative pressure suction pipe 3231, and the moving member includes a diagonal cylinder 3232. The discharge member 324 is a stripper plate. The sorting mechanism 32 includes a plurality of pickup members 323, and the pickup members 323 are distributed on both sides of the mounting frame 325 in the conveying direction of the stage conveying mechanism 31.
The classifying and conveying mechanism 31 is a high-speed conveying belt conveyor, and the plurality of the sorting mechanisms 32 sequentially cross over the high-speed conveying belt conveyor and are respectively a first sorting mechanism, a second sorting mechanism, a third sorting mechanism, a fourth sorting mechanism, a fifth sorting mechanism, a sixth sorting mechanism and a seventh sorting mechanism. The number of the binning mechanisms 32 can be set according to practical situations. The tobacco leaves classified by the classifying device 2 are conveyed to each of the separating mechanisms 32 for separating, for example, a first separating mechanism collects first-stage tobacco leaves, a second separating mechanism collects second-stage tobacco leaves, a third separating mechanism collects third-stage tobacco leaves, a fourth separating mechanism collects fourth-stage tobacco leaves, and a fifth separating mechanism collects fifth-stage tobacco leaves. When more tobacco leaves of a certain grade are provided, more than one separating mechanism 32 can be arranged to collect the tobacco leaves of the grade, for example, in a certain batch of raw tobacco, the first separating mechanism, the second separating mechanism and the third separating mechanism are all arranged to collect the tobacco leaves of the first grade. Which bin separating mechanism collects which level of tobacco leaves can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The collection mechanisms 33 matched with the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh sub-bin mechanisms are respectively a first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh collection mechanism.
After being graded by the grading device 2, the tobacco leaves are conveyed into the grading conveying mechanism 31 one by one, the grading conveying mechanism 31 conveys the tobacco leaves towards the direction of the sorting mechanism 32, when the tobacco leaves of a certain grade reach the front of a certain sorting mechanism 32 for collecting the tobacco leaves of the grade, a software system gives an instruction to a suction pickup part 323 positioned in front of the tobacco leaves of the sorting mechanism 32, after the suction pickup part 323 receives the instruction, a negative pressure suction pipe 3231 positioned in front of the tobacco leaves sucks the tobacco leaves, a diagonal cylinder 3232 is retracted along with the suction pipe, the tobacco leaves are driven to move towards an inclined upward direction, and when the tobacco leaves move below a discharge plate, the diagonal cylinder 3232 is retracted continuously, the negative pressure suction pipe 3231 is moved continuously inclined upward, and the tobacco leaves are forced to be separated from the negative pressure suction pipe 3231 and fall onto a conveying belt of the collecting mechanism 33 due to the fact that the discharge plate is blocked by the discharge plate. For example, the first sub-bin mechanism is arranged to collect primary tobacco leaves, and the second sub-bin mechanism is arranged to collect secondary tobacco leaves; and when the piece of tobacco leaves passes below the first sorting mechanism and reaches the front of the second sorting mechanism, the software system gives an instruction to the suction pickup part 323 positioned in front of the piece of secondary tobacco leaves, the suction pickup part 323 receives the instruction, the negative pressure suction pipe 3231 positioned in front of the piece of secondary tobacco leaves sucks the piece of secondary tobacco leaves, the diagonal tension cylinder 3232 is retracted to drive the piece of secondary tobacco leaves to move in an inclined upward direction, and when the piece of secondary tobacco leaves move below the discharge plate, the diagonal tension cylinder 3232 continues to retract to enable the negative pressure 3231 to continue to move in an inclined upward direction, and the piece of secondary tobacco leaves are blocked by the discharge plate and cannot be forced to move upward and fall into the conveyor belt 331 of the second collecting mechanism 33 after the suction pickup part 323 receives the instruction.
Due to the mutual matching of the grading conveying mechanism 31, the sorting mechanism 32 and the collecting mechanism 33, the whole process of sorting tobacco leaves is automated, the sorting accuracy is improved, the labor intensity of sorting tobacco leaves is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.
In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the tobacco leaf grading system further comprises loosening means 4 arranged in front of the posture adjustment means 1 for loosening raw tobacco into mainly single pieces of tobacco leaf and feeding the tobacco leaf to the posture adjustment means 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the loosening device 4 includes a horizontal conveying mechanism 41 for conveying tobacco leaves and a height limiting mechanism for thinning the tobacco leaves on the horizontal conveying mechanism 41, wherein the height limiting mechanism is arranged above the horizontal conveying mechanism 41, and preferably forms an included angle with the horizontal conveying mechanism 41.
The horizontal conveying mechanism 41 mainly refers to a belt conveyor, and comprises a She Pidai paving machine 411 and a horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412, and the height limiting mechanism mainly refers to a height limiting belt conveyor 421 provided with a poking plate 4211 or poking nails. The horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412 is arranged in front of the conveying direction of the leaf laying belt conveyor 411, and the leaf laying She Pidai machine 411 is connected with the horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412. The paving She Pidai machine 411 is provided with a material plate, so that uniform grids are formed on the surface of the belt, and an operator divides tobacco leaves into small parts according to the size of the grids and uniformly spreads the tobacco leaves into the grids. An operator can simultaneously lay materials on both sides of the conveying direction of the blade laying belt conveyor 411. The height limiting belt 421 is inclined upwards from the upper part of the horizontal conveying belt 412 and forms an included angle with the horizontal conveying belt 412, namely, the height limiting belt 421 is inclined upwards and arranged above the horizontal conveying belt 412, and one end of the height limiting belt 421 positioned at a low position is close to the conveying tail end of the horizontal conveying belt 412. The surface of the belt of the height limiting belt conveyor 421 is uniformly provided with the poking plates 4211 or poking nails, and the distance between two adjacent poking plates 4211 or poking nails is 50-150mm and can be adjusted according to actual needs. One end of the height limiting belt conveyor 421 close to the conveying end of the horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412 is far away from a poking plate 4211 or a poking nail on the belt surface of the height limiting belt conveyor 421, and a distance is formed between the poking plate 4211 or the poking nail and the belt surface of the horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412, and the distance can enable thinner tobacco leaf layers to pass through smoothly. The belt surface of the horizontal conveyor belt 412 is provided with particles or short cylinders to increase friction with the tobacco. The running direction of the side of the height-restricting belt 421 close to the horizontal conveying belt 412 is opposite to the running direction of the horizontal conveying belt 412. The spreader She Pidai machine 411 conveys tobacco leaves to the horizontal conveying belt machine 412, when the tobacco leaves are below the height limiting belt machine 421, as the running direction of one side of the height limiting belt machine 421 close to the horizontal conveying belt machine 412 is opposite to the running direction of the horizontal conveying belt machine 412, the pulling plate or the pulling nail on the height limiting belt machine 421 pulls the tobacco leaves on the upper side of the thicker tobacco leaf layer to the opposite direction of the conveying direction of the horizontal conveying belt machine 412, so that the tobacco leaf layer is pulled to be thin.
Alternatively, the height limiting mechanism may be configured as other mechanisms, such as a stirring roller, so long as the tobacco leaf layer on the horizontal conveying mechanism 41 can be pulled to be thin. The horizontal conveying mechanism 41 may be provided as other mechanisms such as a roller screen or a vibrating tank as long as the tobacco leaves can be conveyed.
Because the belt length of the height-limiting belt conveyor 421 is longer, each poking plate or poking nail is arranged above the horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412 again only for a longer time, and tobacco leaves do not need to be poked frequently, so that abrasion is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The height limiting belt conveyor 421 is obliquely arranged above the horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412 upwards, so that the pulling plate or the pulling nails can gently pull tobacco leaves, abrasion is further reduced, and the tobacco leaf layers can be pulled to be even and thin.
Further embodiments are that the loosening device 4 further comprises a lifting mechanism and a stirring mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism is arranged at the front part of the conveying direction of the horizontal conveying mechanism 41 and is obliquely upwards from the lower part of the conveying end of the horizontal conveying mechanism 41, namely, the lifting mechanism is obliquely upwards arranged at the front part of the conveying direction of the horizontal conveying mechanism 41, the lifting mechanism is used for conveying tobacco leaves to a certain height, and the stirring mechanism is arranged at one side of the conveying surface of the lifting mechanism and is used for stirring the tobacco leaves on the lifting mechanism into single tobacco leaves.
Specifically, in the present invention, the lifting mechanism mainly refers to a lifting belt conveyor 431, and particles or short cylinders are disposed on the surface of the belt of the lifting belt conveyor 431 to increase friction with tobacco leaves. The material stirring mechanism mainly refers to a material stirring roller 441, the material stirring roller 441 is arranged on one side close to the belt surface of the lifting belt conveyor 431 and is close to the conveying tail end of the lifting belt conveyor 431, and a certain distance is formed between the material stirring roller 441 and the belt surface of the lifting belt conveyor 431, so that a thinner tobacco leaf layer can pass through, and single tobacco leaves can mainly pass through. After the tobacco leaves are thinned by the height-limiting belt conveyor 421, the tobacco leaves are conveyed to the lifting belt conveyor 431 by the horizontal conveying belt conveyor 412, and gradually rise to a certain height along the upward inclined direction along with the running of the lifting belt conveyor 431, and in the rising process, the tobacco leaves are further thinned by being evenly thinned due to self gravity. When the tobacco leaves are conveyed to the height of the stirring roller 441, if the tobacco leaves are thicker, the tobacco leaves above are stirred by the stirring roller 441 in the direction opposite to the conveying direction of the lifting belt conveyor 431, so that the tobacco leaves are further thinned into single tobacco leaves. A blanking hopper 45 is arranged below the conveying end of the lifting belt conveyor 431, and single tobacco leaves move upwards to the end of the lifting belt conveyor 431 along with the lifting belt conveyor 431 and enter the blanking hopper 45 due to inertia and gravity, so that the next process is carried out.
On a tobacco grading production line, a gunny bag filled with tobacco is conveyed to the front end of the production line, after the gunny bag is removed, the tobacco is divided into a plurality of parts and is spread on a loosening device 4, after being processed by the loosening device 4, the tobacco is spread on the loosening device 4 mainly in the form of single tobacco and is conveyed to a posture adjusting device 1 by the loosening device 4; the posture adjustment device 1 processes Cheng Sheji the front and rear arrow shapes of the tobacco leaf and conveys the tobacco leaf to the classification device 2 in the posture; the classifying device 2 intelligently classifies the tobacco leaves according to the acquired characteristics of the upper and lower surfaces of the tobacco leaves by a related intelligent analysis method, and conveys the classified tobacco leaves to the classifying device 3; the bin dividing device 3 divides the tobacco leaves into corresponding collecting bins according to the grades of the tobacco leaves, so that intelligent loosening and classifying bin dividing of the tobacco leaves is completed. Through setting up loosening device 4, posture adjustment device 1, grading plant 2 and branch storehouse device 3, carry out intelligent classification to the tobacco leaf and divide the storehouse, reduce the factor of labor influence, ensure the stability, homogeneity and the uniformity of tobacco leaf classification for tobacco leaf quality after the grading has the guarantee, helps tobacco processing enterprise to reduce intensity of labour, improves work efficiency, improves operational environment, reduction in production cost.
The tobacco leaves which are loosened by the loosening device 4 are very compact one by one and have a large number, and in order to be able to more effectively adjust the tobacco leaves into a uniform posture and to convey the tobacco leaves to the classifying device 2, a certain distance is required between two tobacco leaves which enter the posture adjusting device 1, so that in order to adapt to the speed of the posture adjusting device 1 and also to improve the efficiency of the whole tobacco grading system, as shown in fig. 1, the tobacco grading system comprises at least two posture adjusting devices, at least two classifying devices and at least two dividing devices, preferably two posture adjusting devices, two classifying devices and two dividing devices, a distributing device 5 is arranged between the loosening device 4 and the two posture adjusting devices, namely a first posture adjusting device and a second posture adjusting device, for distributing the tobacco leaves which are loosened by the loosening device to the two posture adjusting devices.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 8 and 9, a distributing device 5 is arranged below a blanking hopper 45 of the loosening device 4, and the distributing device 5 divides one tobacco path from the loosening device 4 into two tobacco paths and distributes the two tobacco paths to the two posture adjusting devices. The material distributing device 5 comprises a first rotary rod 51 and a second rotary rod 52 with opposite rotation directions, the first rotary rod 51 and the second rotary rod 52 are arranged on the support, the first speed reducer 511 is connected with the first rotary rod 51 to drive the first rotary rod 51, and the second speed reducer 521 is connected with the second rotary rod 52 to drive the second rotary rod 52, preferably, the rotation speeds of the first rotary rod 51 and the second rotary rod 52 are the same. A first guide mechanism and a second guide mechanism are respectively arranged below the first rotary rod 51 and the second rotary rod 52 so as to guide tobacco leaves to the first posture adjusting device and the second posture adjusting device.
After the single tobacco leaves come out of the blanking hopper 45 of the loosening device 4, the single tobacco leaves fall on the first rotary rod 51 or the second rotary rod 52, if falling on the first rotary rod 51, the single tobacco leaves reach the first posture adjusting conveying mechanism of the first posture adjusting device through the first material guiding mechanism along with the rotation of the first rotary rod 51, and if falling on the second rotary rod 52, the single tobacco leaves reach the first posture adjusting conveying mechanism of the second posture adjusting device through the second material guiding mechanism along with the rotation of the second rotary rod 52, so that one-way tobacco leaves are divided into two-way tobacco leaves.
In a further embodiment, a photoelectric switch (not shown) is arranged above the junction of the first rotary rod 51 and the second rotary rod 52, and is used for monitoring the blocking condition of the material distributing device 5.
The arrangement of the material distributing device 5 ensures that tobacco leaves are input in a single line, gesture is regulated in a double line, detection is carried out in a double line, and the efficiency is greatly improved in a double line bin distribution mode.
Correspondingly, the two classifying devices and the two sorting devices are arranged behind the two gesture adjusting devices in sequence, namely a first classifying device, a second classifying device, a first sorting device and a second sorting device, wherein the first classifying device is arranged between the first gesture adjusting device and the first sorting device, and the second classifying device is arranged between the second gesture adjusting device and the second sorting device.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but is to be construed as limiting the invention to any and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and adaptations of the embodiments described above, which are within the scope of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A tobacco grading system, comprising:
the loosening device is used for loosening the tobacco leaves into mainly single-piece tobacco leaves and conveying the single-piece tobacco leaves to the posture adjusting device; comprising the following steps: the horizontal conveying mechanism is used for conveying tobacco leaves; the height limiting mechanism is arranged above the horizontal conveying mechanism and is used for thinning tobacco leaves on the horizontal conveying mechanism; the lifting mechanism is arranged in front of the conveying direction of the horizontal conveying mechanism and obliquely upwards from the lower part of the conveying tail end of the horizontal conveying mechanism and is used for conveying tobacco leaves to a certain height; the stirring mechanism is arranged on one side of the conveying surface of the lifting mechanism and used for stirring the tobacco leaves on the lifting mechanism into single-piece tobacco leaves;
an attitude adjustment device comprising: the air conveying pipeline is communicated with the air separation bin and is used for conveying air for suspending the raw tobacco to fly in the air and adjusting the tobacco to be in a uniform posture;
The tobacco leaf grading system comprises at least two gesture adjusting devices, a loosening device and two gesture adjusting devices are arranged between the loosening device and the two gesture adjusting devices, the material distributing device comprises a first rotary rod and a second rotary rod which are opposite in rotation direction, and the tobacco leaves loosened by the loosening device are distributed to the two gesture adjusting devices;
The grading device is used for collecting the related information of the upper surface and the lower surface of the tobacco leaves, grading the tobacco leaves according to the information, and comprises a grading conveying mechanism for receiving and conveying the tobacco leaves which are regulated to be in a unified posture by the posture regulating device, and an image recognition mechanism for acquiring images of the upper surface and the lower surface of the tobacco leaves;
The classifying device is used for classifying the tobacco leaves classified by the classifying device, and the classifying device is arranged between the classifying device and the posture adjusting device.
2. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 1, wherein,
The grading conveying mechanism comprises:
The first-stage conveying mechanism is used for receiving and conveying the tobacco leaves which are regulated into uniform postures by the posture regulating device, so that the tobacco leaves are opposite to the image recognition mechanism;
The second grading conveying mechanism is arranged at the front part of the conveying direction of the first grading conveying mechanism and is used for conveying the tobacco leaves with the upper and lower surface images acquired by the image recognition mechanism in the next process.
3. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 2 wherein there is a gap between the first grading conveyor and the second grading conveyor;
The conveying surface of the first grading conveyor mechanism is higher than that of the second grading conveyor mechanism.
4. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 3 wherein the image recognition mechanism comprises:
The first image recognition part is arranged above the first grading conveying mechanism and is used for acquiring images of the upper surfaces of the tobacco leaves;
And the second image recognition part is arranged below the gap between the first grading conveying mechanism and the second grading conveying mechanism and is used for acquiring the image of the lower surface of the tobacco leaf.
5. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 4 wherein the image recognition mechanism comprises a high speed camera that linearly scans tobacco leaves.
6. A tobacco leaf grading system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein,
The wind separating bin is sequentially provided with a lower bin and an upper bin from bottom to top, the lower bin is used for carrying out winnowing on tobacco leaves, and the upper bin is communicated with a wind conveying pipeline and is used for carrying out primary posture adjustment on the tobacco leaves;
the inner diameter of the upper bin gradually decreases from bottom to top.
7. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 6, wherein,
The air conveying pipeline comprises a first air conveying pipeline and a second air conveying pipeline which are communicated with each other and used for conveying air for hanging tobacco leaves to fly in the air, and the first air conveying pipeline is communicated with the upper bin;
The first air conveying pipeline comprises a first turning section, a horizontal section and a second turning section which are sequentially communicated, the first turning section is an arc section, the lower end of the first turning section is communicated with the upper bin, the upper end of the first turning section is communicated with the horizontal section, smooth transition connection is formed between the upper bin and the horizontal section, the second turning section is an arc section, the upper end of the second turning section is communicated with the horizontal section, the lower end of the second turning section is communicated with the second air conveying pipeline, and smooth transition connection is formed between the horizontal section and the second air conveying pipeline;
The second air conveying pipeline is downwards inclined from the second turning section and communicated with a blanking mechanism for collecting tobacco leaves, and the pipe diameter of the second air conveying pipeline is gradually increased along the conveying direction.
8. The tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 7, wherein the posture adjustment device further comprises a blanking mechanism, which is communicated with the air-feeding pipeline, for collecting tobacco leaves adjusted to a uniform posture by the air-feeding pipeline and conveying to the next process;
The blanking mechanism includes:
The blanking bin is communicated with the pneumatic conveying pipeline and used for collecting tobacco leaves;
the first air suction structure is communicated with the blanking bin and is used for sucking air in the blanking bin to form a negative pressure area;
And the blanking conveying structure is positioned below the blanking bin and is used for conveying tobacco leaves collected by the blanking bin to the next working procedure in a unified posture.
9. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 8 wherein,
The blanking conveying structure comprises a ventilation belt conveyor for conveying tobacco leaves falling onto the ventilation belt conveyor out of a blanking bin, wherein through holes are uniformly formed in a belt of the ventilation belt conveyor, and a cavity is formed below the belt;
The blanking mechanism further comprises a second air suction structure which is communicated with the cavity and used for sucking air in the cavity to form a negative pressure area.
10. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 6 wherein the posture adjustment device further comprises a posture adjustment delivery mechanism, the air separation bin being provided with a feed inlet, the posture adjustment delivery mechanism delivering tobacco leaves to the air separation bin through the feed inlet;
The gesture adjusting conveying mechanism comprises a first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism and a second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the speed of conveying tobacco leaves by the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is higher than that of conveying tobacco leaves by the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the initial conveying ends of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism and the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism are lower than the final conveying ends of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is positioned in front of the conveying direction of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, and the initial conveying end of the second gesture adjusting conveying mechanism is lower than the final conveying end of the first gesture adjusting conveying mechanism.
11. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 10 wherein a damper for accelerating tobacco leaves into the air separation bin is provided above the conveying end of the second gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism.
12. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 1, wherein,
The sorting device comprises a grading conveying mechanism, a plurality of sorting mechanisms and a plurality of collecting mechanisms, wherein the grading conveying mechanism is used for conveying tobacco leaves graded by the grading device to the sorting mechanisms, the sorting mechanisms pick up tobacco leaves of corresponding grades and move the tobacco leaves of corresponding grades to the collecting mechanisms, the collecting mechanisms are used for collecting the tobacco leaves of corresponding grades, the sorting mechanisms sequentially span over the grading conveying mechanisms so as to pick up the tobacco leaves graded by the grading devices and enable the tobacco leaves to pass through the lower parts of the sorting mechanisms, the collecting mechanisms are matched with the sorting mechanisms, the collecting mechanisms comprise a conveying belt machine and a collecting bin, and belts of the conveying belt machine are arranged above the grading conveying mechanism and below the sorting mechanisms so that the tobacco leaves picked up by the sorting mechanisms fall onto the conveying belt machine.
13. The tobacco leaf grading system of claim 12 wherein,
The separating mechanism comprises a fan, a negative pressure pipe, a suction pick-up part and a discharge part, wherein the fan is communicated with the negative pressure pipe to provide negative pressure for the suction pick-up part, the suction pick-up part is used for sucking and moving tobacco leaves, the discharge part is used for separating the sucked tobacco leaves from the suction pick-up part, and the suction pick-up part and the discharge part are matched, so that the tobacco leaves needing separating are fallen onto a conveying belt conveyor of the collecting mechanism.
14. A tobacco leaf grading system according to claim 1, wherein,
And a photoelectric switch is arranged above the joint of the first rotating rod and the second rotating rod and is used for monitoring the blocking condition of the material distributing device.
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