CN113396846A - Mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding - Google Patents
Mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113396846A CN113396846A CN202110634202.1A CN202110634202A CN113396846A CN 113396846 A CN113396846 A CN 113396846A CN 202110634202 A CN202110634202 A CN 202110634202A CN 113396846 A CN113396846 A CN 113396846A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/55—Baskets therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding. The mixed breeding method combining the family breeding and the group breeding comprises the following steps of S1, parent scallop selection: and (3) cultivating the oyster types according to the needs, selecting individuals with normal biological characteristics, regular shell shapes and strong vitality from oyster groups of corresponding types for more than two years, weighing the selected individuals, and taking male and female individuals with the weight of 15-20% more than the average weight as the first parents. The invention provides a mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding, which combines the family breeding and the group breeding, simultaneously carries out oyster individual selfing and various oyster hybridization, can simultaneously breed offspring with various different character performances, and respectively exchanges and breeds the female parent and the male parent of the second generation parent with different character performances, so that the recessive character is stably inherited, and the required stable excellent breeding can be quickly obtained while the same breeding time is spent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oyster cultivation, in particular to a mixed breeding method combining family breeding and population breeding.
Background
Oyster is commonly called oyster, oyster and the like, belongs to the phyla of mollusca, bivalvia, order of pearl shell, is the first cultured shellfish in the world, is one of important marine biological resources available to human beings, is a globally distributed variety, is not only fresh in meat, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, but also has unique health care function and medicinal value, and is a marine product with high nutritional value, and the zinc content of the oyster is the first of human food.
At present, oysters are mostly cultured manually, the demand for the oysters is increased along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, and in order to culture high-quality oysters, people can culture excellent varieties in a breeding mode.
In the related technology, the breeding method of oysters is generally family breeding, namely, a certain individual selected from an oyster population is selfed or a good progeny generated by the hybridization of two individuals, but for breeding a specific recessive oyster, the family breeding is used to reduce the breeding range of the oyster, the trait expression inheritance is not stable enough, and a good variety with stable trait expression is difficult to obtain quickly in the breeding process.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a hybrid breeding method combining family breeding and population breeding to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding, and solves the problem that the traditional oyster family breeding method is difficult to quickly obtain excellent varieties with stable character performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the mixed breeding method combining the family breeding and the group breeding, which is provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
s1, parent shellfish selection: selecting individuals with normal biological characteristics, regular shell shapes and strong vitality from oyster populations of corresponding types for more than two years according to the types of oysters to be cultivated, weighing the selected individuals, and taking male and female individuals with the weight of 15-20% more than the average weight as first parent oysters;
s2, sperm and egg acquisition: dissecting the parent shellfish selected in S1, slightly extruding gonad group, sucking a small amount of extruded liquid, discriminating male and female parent shellfish by conventional method, separately placing, and washing ovum or semen and filtering;
s3, grouping sperm and eggs: and (2) equally dividing the semen and the egg liquid obtained in the step (S2) into two parts, respectively, placing the two parts separately, and dividing one ovum and one sperm as a group into an individual mating group and a group mating group, wherein the number of the sperm and the ovum of the individual mating group is the same, and the number of the sperm and the ovum of the group mating group is 1: setting the proportion of 5-10;
s4, artificial fertilization:
s41, mating in groups: mixing the semen of the group mating group in the S3 with the egg liquid, simultaneously adding 28% ammonia water solution, observing whether the number of the semen around one egg is within the range of 5-10 by using a microscope, and immediately putting the mixed solution into a breeding container for hatching when more than 50% of egg cells are met;
s42, mating individuals: carrying out female-male one-to-one mating on the individual mating groups in the S3, dividing the individual mating groups into a plurality of groups for marking after forming fertilized eggs, and then separately placing the fertilized eggs in a breeding container for hatching;
s5, larva cultivation: when the fertilized eggs in the S41 and the S42 grow to D-type larvae, collecting the larvae of each group by adopting a siphon method, respectively placing the larvae in a new breeding container, and changing water twice a day, wherein the water is changed by 30-50% each time until the larvae are converted into young shellfish;
s6, monomer cultivation: respectively marking the young shellfish obtained by culturing in the S5, transferring to the same culture sea area for partition culture to obtain two first-generation seed selection lines, and after 9-12 months, developing the first-generation seed to a sexual maturity state;
s7, strain cultivation stabilization: selecting individuals with neat shell shapes and similar sizes and individuals with the required type performance from the two sexually mature oysters in the S6, respectively serving as the female and the male of the second generation parent, marking by multiple groups, repeating the steps 2-6 for 2-3 times, and finally selecting the oyster with the most stable property performance as the required breeding.
Preferably, the breeding density of the D-type larvae in the S5 is controlled to be 5-8 larvae/ml, and the density is gradually reduced along with the growth of the larvae until the density of the stolons is reduced to 2-3 larvae/ml.
Preferably, the water temperature is 22-28 ℃, the salinity is 20-25, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0 during the larva cultivation period in S5.
Preferably, in the S6, the attached organisms need to be cleaned regularly during the monomer culture, and the growth condition is measured.
Compared with the related technology, the mixed breeding method combining the family breeding and the group breeding provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding, which combines the family breeding and the group breeding, simultaneously carries out oyster individual selfing and various oyster hybridization, can simultaneously breed offspring with various different character performances, and respectively exchanges and breeds the female parent and the male parent of the second generation parent with different character performances, so that the recessive character is stably inherited, and the required stable excellent breeding can be quickly obtained while the same breeding time is spent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. A mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding comprises the following steps:
s1, parent shellfish selection: selecting individuals with normal biological characteristics, regular shell shapes and strong vitality from oyster populations of corresponding types for more than two years according to the types of oysters to be cultivated, weighing the selected individuals, and taking male and female individuals with the weight of 15-20% more than the average weight as first parent oysters;
s2, sperm and egg acquisition: dissecting the parent shellfish selected in S1, slightly extruding gonad group, sucking a small amount of extruded liquid, discriminating male and female parent shellfish by conventional method, separately placing, and washing ovum or semen and filtering;
s3, grouping sperm and eggs: and (2) equally dividing the semen and the egg liquid obtained in the step (S2) into two parts, respectively, placing the two parts separately, and dividing one ovum and one sperm as a group into an individual mating group and a group mating group, wherein the number of the sperm and the ovum of the individual mating group is the same, and the number of the sperm and the ovum of the group mating group is 1: setting the proportion of 5-10;
s4, artificial fertilization:
s41, mating in groups: mixing the semen of the group mating group in the S3 with the egg liquid, simultaneously adding 28% ammonia water solution, observing whether the number of the semen around one egg is within the range of 5-10 by using a microscope, and immediately putting the mixed solution into a breeding container for hatching when more than 50% of egg cells are met;
s42, mating individuals: carrying out female-male one-to-one mating on the individual mating groups in the S3, dividing the individual mating groups into a plurality of groups for marking after forming fertilized eggs, and then separately placing the fertilized eggs in a breeding container for hatching;
s5, larva cultivation: when the fertilized eggs in the S41 and the S42 grow to D-type larvae, collecting the larvae of each group by adopting a siphon method, respectively placing the larvae in a new breeding container, and changing water twice a day, wherein the water is changed by 30-50% each time until the larvae are converted into young shellfish;
s6, monomer cultivation: respectively marking the young shellfish obtained by culturing in the S5, transferring to the same culture sea area for partition culture to obtain two first-generation seed selection lines, and after 9-12 months, developing the first-generation seed to a sexual maturity state;
s7, strain cultivation stabilization: selecting individuals with neat shell shapes and similar sizes and individuals with the required type performance from the two sexually mature oysters in the S6, respectively serving as the female and the male of the second generation parent, marking by multiple groups, repeating the steps 2-6 for 2-3 times, and finally selecting the oyster with the most stable property performance as the required breeding.
The breeding density of the D-type larvae in the S5 is controlled to be 5-8/ml, and the density is gradually reduced along with the growth of the larvae until the density of the creeping larvae is reduced to 2-3/ml.
In the breeding period of the larvae in the S5, the water temperature is 22-28 ℃, the salinity is 20-25, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0.
In the S6, attached organisms need to be cleaned regularly during monomer culture, and growth conditions are measured.
The working principle of the mixed breeding method combining the family breeding and the group breeding provided by the invention is as follows:
s1, parent shellfish selection: selecting individuals with normal biological characteristics, regular shell shapes and strong vitality from oyster populations of corresponding types for more than two years according to the types of oysters to be cultivated, weighing the selected individuals, and taking male and female individuals with the weight of 15-20% more than the average weight as first parent oysters;
s2, sperm and egg acquisition: dissecting the parent shellfish selected in S1, slightly extruding gonad group, sucking a small amount of extruded liquid, discriminating male and female parent shellfish by conventional method, separately placing, and washing ovum or semen and filtering;
s3, grouping sperm and eggs: and (2) equally dividing the semen and the egg liquid obtained in the step (S2) into two parts, respectively, placing the two parts separately, and dividing one ovum and one sperm as a group into an individual mating group and a group mating group, wherein the number of the sperm and the ovum of the individual mating group is the same, and the number of the sperm and the ovum of the group mating group is 1: setting the proportion of 5-10;
s4, artificial fertilization:
s41, mating in groups: mixing the semen of the group mating group in the S3 with the egg liquid, simultaneously adding 28% ammonia water solution, observing whether the number of the semen around one egg is within the range of 5-10 by using a microscope, and immediately putting the mixed solution into a breeding container for hatching when more than 50% of egg cells are met;
s42, mating individuals: carrying out female-male one-to-one mating on the individual mating groups in the S3, dividing the individual mating groups into a plurality of groups for marking after forming fertilized eggs, and then separately placing the fertilized eggs in a breeding container for hatching;
s5, larva cultivation: when the fertilized eggs in the S41 and the S42 grow to D-type larvae, collecting the larvae of each group by adopting a siphon method, respectively placing the larvae in a new breeding container, and changing water twice a day, wherein the water is changed by 30-50% each time until the larvae are converted into young shellfish;
s6, monomer cultivation: respectively marking the young shellfish obtained by culturing in the S5, transferring to the same culture sea area for partition culture to obtain two first-generation seed selection lines, and after 9-12 months, developing the first-generation seed to a sexual maturity state;
s7, strain cultivation stabilization: selecting individuals with neat shell shapes and similar sizes and individuals with the required type performance from the two sexually mature oysters in the S6, respectively serving as the female and the male of the second generation parent, marking by multiple groups, repeating the steps 2-6 for 2-3 times, and finally selecting the oyster with the most stable property performance as the required breeding.
Compared with the related technology, the mixed breeding method combining the family breeding and the group breeding provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding, which combines the family breeding and the group breeding, simultaneously carries out oyster individual selfing and various oyster hybridization, can simultaneously breed offspring with various different character performances, and respectively exchanges and breeds the female parent and the male parent of the second generation parent with different character performances, so that the recessive character is stably inherited, and the required stable excellent breeding can be quickly obtained while the same breeding time is spent.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A mixed breeding method combining family breeding and group breeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, parent shellfish selection: selecting individuals with normal biological characteristics, regular shell shapes and strong vitality from oyster populations of corresponding types for more than two years according to the types of oysters to be cultivated, weighing the selected individuals, and taking male and female individuals with the weight of 15-20% more than the average weight as first parent oysters;
s2, sperm and egg acquisition: dissecting the parent shellfish selected in S1, slightly extruding gonad group, sucking a small amount of extruded liquid, discriminating male and female parent shellfish by conventional method, separately placing, and washing ovum or semen and filtering;
s3, grouping sperm and eggs: and (2) equally dividing the semen and the egg liquid obtained in the step (S2) into two parts, respectively, placing the two parts separately, and dividing one ovum and one sperm as a group into an individual mating group and a group mating group, wherein the number of the sperm and the ovum of the individual mating group is the same, and the number of the sperm and the ovum of the group mating group is 1: setting the proportion of 5-10;
s4, artificial fertilization:
s41, mating in groups: mixing the semen of the group mating group in the S3 with the egg liquid, simultaneously adding 28% ammonia water solution, observing whether the number of the semen around one egg is within the range of 5-10 by using a microscope, and immediately putting the mixed solution into a breeding container for hatching when more than 50% of egg cells are met;
s42, mating individuals: carrying out female-male one-to-one mating on the individual mating groups in the S3, dividing the individual mating groups into a plurality of groups for marking after forming fertilized eggs, and then separately placing the fertilized eggs in a breeding container for hatching;
s5, larva cultivation: when the fertilized eggs in the S41 and the S42 grow to D-type larvae, collecting the larvae of each group by adopting a siphon method, respectively placing the larvae in a new breeding container, and changing water twice a day, wherein the water is changed by 30-50% each time until the larvae are converted into young shellfish;
s6, monomer cultivation: respectively marking the young shellfish obtained by culturing in the S5, transferring to the same culture sea area for partition culture to obtain two first-generation seed selection lines, and after 9-12 months, developing the first-generation seed to a sexual maturity state;
s7, strain cultivation stabilization: selecting individuals with neat shell shapes and similar sizes and individuals with the required type performance from the two sexually mature oysters in the S6, respectively serving as the female and the male of the second generation parent, marking by multiple groups, repeating the steps 2-6 for 2-3 times, and finally selecting the oyster with the most stable property performance as the required breeding.
2. The method for hybrid breeding by combining pedigree breeding and population breeding according to claim 1, wherein the breeding density of D-type larvae in S5 is controlled to be 5-8 larvae/ml, and gradually reduced as the larvae grow, until the density of creeping larvae is reduced to 2-3 larvae/ml.
3. The hybrid breeding method combining pedigree breeding and population breeding according to claim 1, wherein the water temperature of the larvae in the S5 during breeding is 22-28 ℃, the salinity is 20-25, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0.
4. The hybrid breeding method combining pedigree breeding and population breeding according to claim 1, wherein in S6, periphyton needs to be cleaned periodically during monomer breeding and growth is measured.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115281128A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-04 | 集美大学 | Method for shortening oyster breeding period |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103975879A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-13 | 福建省水产研究所 | Cultivation method of new strain of quickly-grown Portuguese oysters with golden yellow shells |
| CN108450378A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-28 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | A kind of construction method of Shi Shi Le selection and breeding family |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103975879A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-13 | 福建省水产研究所 | Cultivation method of new strain of quickly-grown Portuguese oysters with golden yellow shells |
| CN108450378A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-28 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | A kind of construction method of Shi Shi Le selection and breeding family |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115281128A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-04 | 集美大学 | Method for shortening oyster breeding period |
| CN115281128B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-01-30 | 集美大学 | Method for shortening oyster breeding period |
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Application publication date: 20210917 |