CN113391174A - Device and method for positioning fault in transformer shell - Google Patents
Device and method for positioning fault in transformer shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113391174A CN113391174A CN202110631844.6A CN202110631844A CN113391174A CN 113391174 A CN113391174 A CN 113391174A CN 202110631844 A CN202110631844 A CN 202110631844A CN 113391174 A CN113391174 A CN 113391174A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/04—Housings; Supporting members; Arrangements of terminals
- G01R1/0408—Test fixtures or contact fields; Connectors or connecting adaptors; Test clips; Test sockets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1209—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using acoustic measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
Abstract
The application provides a device and a method for positioning faults in a transformer shell, wherein the device comprises: the refrigerating sheet is arranged on the outer side of the shell of the transformer; the temperature difference power generation unit is arranged on the inner side of the shell of the transformer and is opposite to the position of the refrigerating sheet; the vibration sensors are arranged in the transformer, the optimal arrangement scheme of the vibration sensors in the insulating oil is determined according to the optimal sensor configuration model, and the vibration sensors are used for detecting and positioning the vibration condition in the transformer in different directions in the insulating oil; the plurality of vibration sensors are connected with the temperature difference power generation unit so as to supply power to the plurality of vibration sensors through the temperature difference power generation unit; and the ultrasonic transparent transmission module is used for transmitting the vibration condition and the positioning information in the transformer to a terminal positioned outside the transformer. The method and the device realize the positioning of the fault source, the fault measurement precision is higher, and the reflection information is richer.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of measuring equipment, in particular to a device and a method for positioning faults in a transformer shell.
Background
At present, most of transformer vibration source ultrasonic positioning methods proposed at home and abroad regard transformers as oil-filled boxes, influence of the internal structure of the transformer and the wall of a metal box on the propagation path and the propagation speed of ultrasonic signals is not considered, and if the position of a partial discharge source is calculated by only adopting a fixed propagation speed, the positioning precision is seriously influenced. In addition, when the ultrasonic signal is transmitted to the metal shell, due to total reflection, when the incident angle exceeds the total reflection angle, the sensor cannot acquire a partial discharge signal from the direct wave, and if the calculation is still performed by adopting the ultrasonic direct wave path under the condition, a great error is introduced, and the position of the partial discharge source is difficult to accurately judge.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a device and a method for locating a fault in a transformer housing.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a device for locating a fault in a transformer housing, including: the refrigerating piece is arranged on the outer side of the shell of the transformer and used for reducing the temperature of the shell and forming a temperature difference with insulating oil in the transformer; the temperature difference power generation unit is arranged on the inner side of the shell of the transformer, is opposite to the position of the refrigeration sheet, and is used for generating and outputting temperature difference voltage; the vibration sensors are installed inside the transformer, an optimal arrangement scheme of the vibration sensors in the insulating oil is determined according to a sensor optimal configuration model, the optimal arrangement scheme is that the optimal installation positions of the vibration sensors are determined according to the number of the preset vibration sensors, and the vibration sensors are used for detecting and positioning the vibration condition in the transformer in different directions in the insulating oil; the plurality of vibration sensors are connected with the temperature difference power generation unit so as to supply power to the plurality of vibration sensors through the temperature difference power generation unit; and the ultrasonic transparent transmission module is used for sending the vibration condition and the positioning information in the transformer to a terminal positioned outside the transformer.
In one example, the optimal sensor configuration model includes: recording each position of the vibration sensor as an action point, constructing a multi-degree-of-freedom sensor structure modal analysis system according to preset number of action points corresponding to the vibration sensors, and establishing a corresponding motion differential equation according to parameters in the sensor structure modal analysis system to obtain corresponding characteristic vectors, wherein the parameters comprise mass, damping and rigidity matrixes formed by mass parameters, damping parameters and rigidity parameters of the plurality of vibration sensors; establishing a weighted effective independent distribution matrix according to the characteristic vector, performing fusion error correction on the weighted effective independent distribution matrix by using a reverse iteration method, screening main diagonal value points of the weighted effective independent distribution matrix, and deleting the main diagonal value points smaller than a preset threshold value to obtain the optimal arrangement scheme.
In one example, the mounting locations of the plurality of vibration sensors include any one or more of: in insulating oil and fixed inside the transformer housing; and a rubber buffer cushion is arranged between the vibration sensor fixed on the inner side of the transformer shell and the shell and is used for blocking vibration signals transmitted by the shell.
In one example, the thermoelectric generation unit includes: a first conductive metal group including a plurality of first conductive metals disposed in the same direction; the second conductive metal group is opposite to the first conductive metal group in position and comprises a plurality of second conductive metals arranged in the same direction; the first conductive metal and the last conductive metal of the second conductive metal group are connected with the plurality of vibration sensors so as to supply power to the plurality of vibration sensors through the thermoelectric power generation unit; the first heat conducting ceramic is opposite to the position of the refrigeration piece, fixed on the inner side surface of the transformer shell and used for transferring heat of the transformer shell to the first conductive metal group; a second conductive ceramic disposed in the insulating oil at a position opposite to the first conductive ceramic, for transferring heat of the insulating oil to the second conductive metal group; a semiconductor material installed between the first conductive metal group and the second conductive metal group for generating the thermoelectric voltage according to a temperature difference between the first conductive metal group and the second conductive metal group.
In one example, the apparatus includes a data processing module; the plurality of vibration sensors are positioned in the transformer and used for converting the collected plurality of vibration signals into corresponding analog electric signals and sending the plurality of analog electric signals to the data processing module; the data processing module is connected with the first conductive metal and the tail conductive metal of the second conductive metal group so as to supply power to the data processing module through the thermoelectric power generation unit; the data processing module is connected with the plurality of vibration sensors and used for converting the received plurality of analog electric signals into corresponding pulse signals and sending the plurality of pulse signals to the ultrasonic wave transparent transmission module.
In one example, the ultrasonic transparent transmission module comprises an ultrasonic transmitting module and an ultrasonic receiving module; the ultrasonic transmitting module is connected with the first conductive metal and the tail conductive metal of the second conductive metal group so as to supply power to the data processing module through the temperature difference power generation unit; the ultrasonic transmitting module is connected with the data processing module, is arranged on the inner side of the shell of the transformer and is used for transmitting the pulse signals to the ultrasonic receiving module positioned on the outer side of the shell; the ultrasonic receiving module is arranged on the outer side of the shell of the transformer, is powered by an external power supply, and is used for decoding and converting the pulse signals into corresponding digital signals and sending the digital signals to a terminal.
In one example, the contact area of the refrigeration sheet and the transformer housing is larger than the contact area of the thermoelectric generation unit and the transformer housing.
In one example, the transformer includes a transformer bushing and a transformer winding; the refrigerating sheet is arranged on the outer side of the shell below the transformer relative to the transformer bushing; the thermoelectric power generation unit is installed on the inner side of the shell below the transformer relative to the transformer bushing.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method for locating a fault in a transformer housing, where the method is applied to a transformer including the apparatus according to any one of the above examples, and includes: generating and outputting a voltage through a thermoelectric generation unit installed inside a case of the transformer; the thermoelectric power generation unit is arranged opposite to a refrigerating sheet arranged on the outer side of a shell of the transformer, and the refrigerating sheet is used for reducing the temperature of the shell and forming a temperature difference with insulating oil in the transformer; detecting the vibration condition in the transformer through a plurality of vibration sensors connected with the thermoelectric generation unit, and positioning the vibration condition in a plurality of different directions in the insulating oil, wherein the plurality of vibration sensors are installed in the transformer, and determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the plurality of vibration sensors in the insulating oil according to an optimal sensor configuration model, the optimal arrangement scheme is that the optimal installation positions of the plurality of sensors are determined according to the number of the plurality of preset sensors, and the plurality of vibration sensors are powered through the thermoelectric generation unit; sending the vibration condition and the positioning information to a terminal outside the transformer through an ultrasonic transparent transmission module; and analyzing the fault condition and reason inside the transformer according to the vibration condition, and positioning the fault through an exhaustion method.
In one example, the determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the plurality of vibration sensors in the insulating oil according to the sensor optimal configuration model specifically comprises: recording each position of the vibration sensor as an action point, constructing a multi-degree-of-freedom sensor structure modal analysis system according to preset number of action points corresponding to the vibration sensors, and establishing a corresponding motion differential equation according to parameters in the sensor structure modal analysis system to obtain corresponding characteristic vectors, wherein the parameters comprise mass, damping and rigidity matrixes formed by mass parameters, damping parameters and rigidity parameters of the plurality of vibration sensors; establishing a weighted effective independent distribution matrix according to the characteristic vector, performing fusion error correction on the weighted effective independent distribution matrix by using a reverse iteration method, screening main diagonal numerical points of the weighted effective independent distribution matrix, and deleting the main diagonal numerical points smaller than a preset threshold value to obtain the optimal arrangement scheme; the mounting positions of the plurality of vibration sensors comprise any one or more of the following: in insulating oil and fixed inside the transformer housing; and a rubber buffer cushion is arranged between the vibration sensor fixed on the inner side of the transformer shell and the shell and is used for blocking vibration signals transmitted by the shell.
The self-powered transformer can realize self-powered internal device, has short detection response time, can directly measure the vibration signal transmitted by the fault of the internal winding of the transformer, and does not need to consider the attenuation of the transformer shell to the vibration signal. Meanwhile, the device adopts the ultrasonic wave transmission module to transmit detection signals, so that the oil leakage risk possibly caused by the opening of the transformer shell in the traditional detection device is avoided, the potential safety hazard of the operation of the transformer is reduced, and the working stability of the transformer is enhanced. In addition, according to the method, the plurality of sensors are optimally arranged in the transformer shell to form an optimal vibration sensor distribution array, the fault source is positioned by calculating the arrival time of the first vibration wave peak, the accuracy of transformer fault detection is improved, the fault measurement precision is higher, and the reflection information is richer.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a device for locating a fault in a transformer housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a thermoelectric power generation unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic transmitter module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic receiving module according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a signal extraction circuit of the ultrasonic receiving module in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an optimal sensor configuration model according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optimal layout scheme in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the propagation of the vibration signal in the transformer according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the time of arrival of the direct wave of the sensor in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of waveforms between a vibration sensor and a housing with or without a rubber cushion in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for locating a fault in a transformer housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation relationship between output power of the cooling fins and wind pressure of the cooling fan in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the positioning of a vibration source by a sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the system comprises a 110 refrigeration piece, a 120 temperature difference power generation unit, a 130 vibration sensor, a 140 data processing module, a 150 ultrasonic wave transmitting module and a 160 ultrasonic wave receiving module;
121 a first conductive metal group, 122 a second conductive metal group, 123 a first thermally conductive ceramic, 124 a second thermally conductive ceramic, 125 a semiconductor material;
210 casing, 220 transformer winding, 230 insulating oil, 240 transformer bushing;
310, a terminal;
410 a source of failure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
At present, the commonly adopted transformer shell fault detection methods in the market mainly comprise two methods: the shell external velocity sensor method and the electrical detection method.
The shell acceleration sensor method is characterized in that an acceleration sensor is used for carrying out multi-point vibration test on the outer side of a transformer shell, the frequency spectrum characteristics of vibration signals of different secondary side voltages at various measuring points are analyzed, and the optimal sensor arrangement area for monitoring the iron core condition is found according to the square correlation of the amplitude of the vibration signals on a box body and the voltage. The method has the disadvantages that the sensor needs to be arranged outside the shell, the vibration voiceprint signal is received by the sensor after being reflected and transmitted by the solid, and the vibration source is difficult to locate and trace.
The electrical detection methods are currently divided into frequency response analysis methods and short circuit reactance methods, which are all established on the basis of an electrical model of a transformer winding to detect the transformer winding, can give more accurate judgment only when the transformer winding is obviously deformed, but have low sensitivity when the transformer winding is loosened, distorted or slightly deformed.
At present, the optimization method of the sensor in the market mainly adopts a finite element simulation model, the core of the finite element simulation model is an effective independent method, and the basic idea is to gradually eliminate the degree of freedom which contributes the minimum to the independence of the target vibration mode so as to ensure the spatial resolution of the target vibration mode to the maximum extent. However, the response at the measurement point is not considered in the conventional effective independent method, the arrangement mode with low average response may be included in the selection result, and the sensor is arranged outside the shell of the transformer, so that the interference factor of the fault signal to be detected cannot be avoided, and the fault source is difficult to be positioned.
In order to overcome above-mentioned prior art not enough in the design, this application provides a positioner of trouble in transformer housing, uses in transformer housing, and the device passes through the module including refrigeration piece, thermoelectric generation unit, a plurality of vibration sensor, data processing module, ultrasonic wave.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cooling plate 110 is fixed on the outside of the transformer housing 210, and a cooling fan is attached to the outside of the cooling plate, and the cooling fan is operated to cool a portion of the housing that is in contact with the cooling plate.
The thermoelectric generation unit 120 is fixed to the inside of the transformer case 210, and includes: a first electrically conductive metal group 121, a second electrically conductive metal group 122, a first thermally conductive ceramic 123, a second thermally conductive ceramic 124, and a semiconductor material 125. The second thermally conductive ceramic 124 is positioned opposite the refrigeration pill 110.
In one embodiment, the first and second thermally conductive ceramics 123 and 124 have an area of 10cm2The area of the refrigeration plate 110 is 20cm2. The contact area between the cooling plate 110 and the transformer housing 210 is larger than the contact area between the second heat-conducting ceramic 124 and the transformer housing 210, so that the temperature reduction effect of the transformer housing 210 is more obvious, and the second heat-conducting ceramic 124 can better transfer the heat of the housing in the low-temperature region.
In one embodiment, the first heat conductive ceramic 123 is disposed in the insulating oil 230 at a position opposite to the second heat conductive ceramic 124 up and down, for transferring heat of the insulating oil 230, forming a temperature difference with the second heat conductive ceramic 124. The first conductive metal group 121 includes a plurality of first conductive metals disposed in the same direction, and the plurality of first conductive metals are sequentially attached to the first conductive ceramics 123 so as to receive heat of the insulating oil 230 transferred by the first conductive ceramics 123. The second conductive metal group 122 comprises a plurality of second conductive metals disposed in the same direction and staggered with respect to the first conductive metal group so as to connect with the semiconductor material 125. Semiconductor material 125 is divided into P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors. The carriers of the P-type semiconductor material are mainly positively charged holes, and the carriers of the N-type semiconductor material are mainly negatively charged free electrons. Due to the different polarities of the carriers, under the action of the same temperature gradient, the P-type semiconductor material and the N-type semiconductor material generate potential differences with opposite polarities. By utilizing the characteristic, a certain number of P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors are alternately arranged between the first conductive metal group 121 and the second conductive metal group 122 and are connected to form a thermoelectric power generation module, and the thermoelectric power generation module, the first conductive ceramic 123 and the second conductive ceramic 124 form a thermoelectric power generation unit 120, so that a thermoelectric voltage in a range of 0.5-5V can be formed by utilizing the temperature difference between the transformer shell 210 and the insulating oil 230, and other modules and components positioned in the transformer are powered.
Since the thermoelectric generation unit 120 has its own internal resistance, the thermoelectric voltage generated by the seebeck effect will be applied to the internal resistance R and the external load resistance RL together, and the output voltage of the thermoelectric generation unit 120 is:
wherein, Delta TGFor the temperature difference, α is the Seebeck constant, which is commonly used in μ V/K.
The loop output current is:
therefore, the output power of the thermoelectric power generation unit is as follows:
in order to obtain larger power, the refrigerating sheet 110 and the thermoelectric generation unit 120 can be adjusted in the following ways: (1) the thermoelectric material with a higher figure of merit, namely, the thermoelectric material with a larger Seebeck coefficient, smaller thermal conductivity and resistance is adopted; (2) optimizing the structure of the device to obtain larger temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end; (3) and adjusting the load resistance to enable the temperature difference power generation unit to work at the maximum power output point.
In one embodiment, the vibration sensor 130 is installed inside the transformer, and the incident angle of the receivable vibration signal exceeds 26 °, so that the signal measurement failure caused by the total reflection of the vibration transverse wave and the vibration longitudinal wave at the shell 210 is effectively avoided. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, only the connection relationship between the vibration sensor 130 and the thermoelectric generation unit 120 is shown, so that only one vibration sensor is shown in the figure. The positive and negative electrodes of each vibration sensor are connected to the first conductive metal and the last conductive metal of the second conductive metal group 122, so as to supply power to the vibration sensor 130 through the thermoelectric generation unit 120. The vibration sensor 130 determines the fault condition in its transformer and the location of the source of the fault by detecting the vibration signal within the transformer. Meanwhile, each vibration sensor converts the corresponding vibration signal into an analog electrical signal, and uniformly transmits the plurality of analog electrical signals to the data processing module 140.
In one embodiment, the number and the positions of the plurality of vibration sensors are determined according to an optimal sensor configuration model, and an arrangement scheme with the maximum effectiveness is selected by obtaining the effectiveness of different vibration sensor array arrangement modes, so that the arrangement mode is further optimized. In the structural modal analysis of the vibration sensor, the actual structure can be regarded as a vibration system with multiple degrees of freedom. For a system with multiple degrees of freedom, the motion differential equation can be expressed as:
wherein: m, C, K are the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the system, respectively.
Recording the position of each vibration sensor as an action point, firstly calculating a weighted effective independent distribution matrix of each point, wherein the mathematical expression is as follows:
Fn×n＝ΦTΦ
En×n＝ΦFn×m -1ΦT
where phi is vibration mode matrix composed of n eigenvectors
Is a matrix of column vectors and is,
is the real eigenvector of the differential equation of motion. Fn×nIs a Fisher information matrix. En×nAnd (4) effectively and independently allocating a matrix to reflect the linear independence of the candidate action points.
Is the average response of each order of the ith action point,
is the r-th order mode of action, ω, of the i-th point of actionrThe frequency of the r-th order of the i-th point of action.
A matrix is assigned to the weighted effective independence.
The weighted effective independent distribution matrix is optimized by a reverse iteration method with a fusion error correction effect, as shown in fig. 6, the specific flow is as follows:
(1) optimal sensor arrangement is carried out based on Fisher information matrix determinant, and effective independent distribution matrix E is establishedn×nFurther, a weighted effective independent distribution matrix is obtained
(2) Selecting effective independent distribution matrix En×nThe minimum value of the diagonal elements and then the minimum value element is taken out.
(3) Constructing an error correction coefficient C fusing a sound wave incident angle alpha, a transformer shell box wall catadioptric coefficient beta and a diffusion attenuation coefficient gammad。
(4) According to error correction coefficient CdRecalculating weighted effective independent distribution matrices
The calculation formula is as follows:
iterative solution is carried out by using a new weighted effective independent distribution matrix, a screening threshold value is preset, and the weighted effective independent distribution matrix is deleted
And the positions of the vibration sensors corresponding to the oblique diagonal elements which are smaller than the threshold value are reserved.
(5) And (4) forming a new weighted effective independent distribution matrix by the rest vibration sensors, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) until the preset number of sensors is reached.
The optimal arrangement scheme is selected by the method, the energy distribution of each order of vibration mode can be averaged, more system parameter information is referred, the contribution capacity of the spatial resolution is improved, and the average response of the vibration sensor is improved.
As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the number of the vibration sensors is set to four in advance, and the installation positions of the four vibration sensors are set according to the optimal arrangement scheme obtained by the sensor optimal configuration model, where the independence between the vibration sensors is strongest, so that the fault source can be detected in an all-around manner to the greatest extent, which is beneficial to reverse positioning of the fault source.
In one embodiment, according to the above-described optimal arrangement, the mounting positions of the vibration sensors are classified into two types: mounted in insulating oil and fixed inside the transformer housing. As shown in fig. 8, there are three propagation paths from the fault source 410 to the vibration sensor 130 inside the transformer housing 210, wherein the propagation path 2 refers to the shortest path from the fault source 410 to the vibration sensor 130 through the insulating oil 230, i.e., the direct path of the vibration signal, and the vibration signal propagating through the propagation path 2 is referred to as a direct wave signal. The propagation path 1 refers to the propagation path firstly passing to the housing 210 of the transformer, passing through the inside of the housing 210, and then propagating from the housing 210 to the vibration sensor 130. The propagation path 3 refers to the propagation of the vibration signal to the vibration sensor 130 by catadioptric complex structure of the inner tank wall of the transformer, and the vibration signal propagating through the propagation path 3 is referred to as a catadioptric wave signal. The vibration signal propagating through the propagation path 1 and the propagation path 3 is referred to as a non-direct wave signal. As shown in fig. 9, the propagation time of the refracted and reflected wave signal propagating through the propagation path 3 is significantly longer than that of the direct wave signal, and is generally not considered in the process of tracing and locating the fault source. Since the vibration signal travels faster in the metal case 210 than in the insulating oil 230, the indirect wave signal may reach the vibration sensor 130 earlier than the direct wave signal. Both the propagation path 1 and the propagation path 2 may reach the position of the vibration sensor 130 as the first wave, so that the vibration signals arriving through different propagation paths need to be subjected to anti-interference processing to remove the influence of the indirect wave signals, and therefore a rubber cushion is arranged between the vibration sensor 130 and the housing 210 to block the propagation of the housing 210 to the vibration signals, thereby reducing the influence on the indirect wave signals and avoiding the influence of the vibration sensor 130 installed inside the housing 210 on the positioning of the fault source 410. Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram and a frequency diagram of a vibration signal under the condition that a rubber cushion pad is arranged between the vibration sensor and the shell; and the graph b is a waveform diagram and a frequency diagram of a vibration signal under the condition that a rubber cushion is not arranged between the vibration sensor and the shell. It can be seen that the rubber cushion pad arranged between the vibration sensor and the shell can effectively eliminate the influence of the indirect waves on the detection of the vibration signal, the waveform of the vibration signal received by the vibration sensor is more obvious and clear, the peak frequency when the vibration signal reaches the vibration sensor is more obvious, the arrival time of the vibration signal can be effectively recorded, and the positioning of a fault source is more convenient.
A plurality of vibration sensors are arranged through the optimal sensor configuration model, firstly, all the sensors are arranged inside the transformer and matched with the sensors, so that the problem of small signal incidence angle can be effectively solved, and vibration signals in more directions can be received. And secondly, the influence of refraction and reflection of the wall of the transformer shell can be avoided, and the influence of other signals on the fault detection and positioning of the transformer is reduced. Finally, the propagation medium attenuates the signal by diffusion. Since the vibration signal propagates in the form of a spherical wave in the insulating oil, the energy is gradually attenuated as the diffusion area increases. In addition, whether the vibration signal propagates in insulating oil or in a metal material such as a winding, a core or a housing, the vibration signal is damped by a dielectric material, so that the intensity of the vibration signal gradually decreases. Therefore, the longer the transmission path, i.e. the further the vibration sensor is from the transformer winding, the more the vibration signal is attenuated, the sensor position should also take into account the influence of the transmission path. Therefore, the optimal sensor configuration model can also reasonably set the spacing distance between each sensor and the transformer winding. In one embodiment, the data processing module 140 is installed inside the transformer, and the positive and negative electrodes thereof are connected to the first conductive metal and the last conductive metal of the second conductive metal group 122, so as to supply power to the data processing module 140 through the thermoelectric generation unit 120. The data processing module 140 is connected to the vibration sensor 130, and is configured to convert the received multiple analog electrical signals into corresponding multiple pulse signals, and send the multiple pulse signals to the ultrasonic transparent transmission module.
In one embodiment, the ultrasound transparent module includes an ultrasound transmitting module 150 and an ultrasound receiving module 160.
The ultrasonic wave emitting module 150 is installed inside the transformer housing 210, and the positive and negative electrodes thereof are connected to the first conductive metal and the last conductive metal of the second conductive metal group 122, so as to supply power to the ultrasonic wave emitting module through the thermoelectric power generation unit 120. The ultrasonic transmitting module 150 is connected to the data processing module 140, and is configured to transmit the received pulse signals to the ultrasonic receiving module 160 located outside the transformer housing 210. As shown in fig. 3, the circuit of the ultrasonic transmitting module 150 includes a receiving terminal Cut _ Off connected to a resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to a transistor P1, such as model 9012, the emitter of the transistor P1 is connected to a 5V power supply, the collector of the transistor P1 is connected to a resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to a switch SW, the other end of the switch SW is connected to a CMOS transistor N1, such as model Si2302ADS, the source of the CMOS transistor N1 is grounded, the gate of the CMOS transistor N1 is connected to the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded, the two ends of the transistor P1 and the resistor R5 are connected to a transformer T1, the output ends of the transformer are respectively connected to a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9, and the two ends of the capacitor C8 are connected to an ultrasonic transmitter US-T, such as model T40-16O. The circuit receiving end of the ultrasonic transmitting module 150 receives the pulse signal from the data processing module 140, and sends the pulse signal into an amplifying circuit composed of a triode P1, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and other components, the output signal of the amplifying circuit is used for driving a CMOS transistor N1, and then the pulse signal is applied to a high-frequency pulse transformer for power amplification, and a capacitor C8 and a capacitor C9 achieve a resonance effect in order to fine-tune a load capacitor, and the amplified pulse signal is sent out through an ultrasonic transmitting head US-T. The ultrasonic transmitter head of the ultrasonic transmitter module 150 is a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, is an electro-mechanical-acoustic transducer, belongs to the category of voltage driving, and the conversion power is in direct proportion to the driving voltage. The embodiment of the application adopts the following steps that the voltage boosting ratio is 1: 20 high frequency pulse transformer. In addition, by utilizing the resonance principle, a driving signal which is approximate to a sine wave is obtained through matching of the transformer and the transmitting head. However, this matching approach is accompanied by multiple signal interference problems: the emitting head emits other unwanted signals due to resonance after the driving signal stops, and the emitting head lasts for a long time until the energy consumption on the direct current resistance of the secondary coil of the transformer is finished. When the signal is transmitted in a long distance, the effective signal wave and the ineffective residual wave can arrive at the same time, and the signal propagation result is influenced. Therefore, the present embodiment adds a residual wave suppression circuit, forms a loop with the primary side of the transformer, and utilizes the characteristic of small resistance of the primary side to quickly consume the energy of the secondary side, so as to achieve the purposes of reducing the residual wave interference and increasing the signal propagation accuracy.
The ultrasonic receiving module 160 is installed outside the transformer housing 210, is powered by an external power source, and is configured to decode and convert the received pulse signal into a digital signal and transmit the digital signal to a terminal. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the circuit of the ultrasonic receiving module 160 includes an integrated circuit U2, such as model TL852, and further includes a receiving module composed of an ultrasonic receiving head US-R, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9 and an inductor L1, and the receiving module is connected to the XIN of the integrated circuit U2. The ultrasonic receiving head US-R of the ultrasonic receiving module 160, such as model R40-16O, is also a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, and after receiving a digital signal by the piezoelectric ceramic receiving head, the digital signal is converted into a voltage and then sent to the signal conditioning circuit of the ultrasonic receiving module 160 through the resonant circuit. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic Signal detection circuit is formed by the dedicated ultrasonic receiving integrated circuit U2, so as to facilitate frequency selection and gain variation of the digital Signal, and the integrated circuit is used to facilitate the change of sensitivity, wherein GCA, GCB, GCC, GCD are gain control, SOUT is the integral output of the integrated circuit U2, Signal is the Signal after echo detection, and the negative transition is effective. As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the signal extraction circuit of the ultrasonic receiving module 160 adopts two low voltage operational amplifier chips U3A and U3B, such as model LMV358, the first part is a first-stage follower for improving input impedance, and includes components such as the low voltage operational amplifier chip U3A, and the integral output SOUT is connected to the positive electrode of the operational amplifier chip U3A for reducing the influence on the integration of the output capacitor of the ultrasonic receiving integrated circuit. The second part is a comparator which comprises components such as a low-voltage operational amplifier chip U3B, and the like, and the signal output by the first part is connected to the negative electrode of the operational amplifier chip U3B through a resistor R5 so as to achieve the effect of outputting a signal with a good falling edge.
In one embodiment, the transformer housing 210 is disposed above the transformer bushing 240, the cooling fins 110 are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the transformer housing 210 below the transformer bushing 240, and the thermoelectric generation unit 120 is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the transformer housing 210 below the transformer bushing 240. The vibration sensor 130 is located inside the transformer at a distance from the location of the transformer winding 220, without contacting the transformer winding 220.
In the device of any of the above embodiments of the present application, the thermoelectric generation unit 120, the vibration sensor 130, the data processing module 140, and the ultrasonic transmission module 150 are all installed inside the transformer housing 210, so that the self-power supply of the internal device can be realized, the detection response time is fast, the vibration signal transmitted by the fault of the internal winding of the transformer can be directly measured, and the attenuation of the transformer housing to the vibration signal does not need to be considered. Meanwhile, the device adopts the ultrasonic wave transmission module to transmit detection signals, so that the oil leakage risk possibly caused by the opening of the transformer shell in the traditional detection device is avoided, the potential safety hazard of the operation of the transformer is reduced, and the working stability of the transformer is enhanced. In addition, according to the method, the plurality of sensors are optimally arranged in the transformer shell to form an optimal vibration sensor distribution array, the fault source is positioned by calculating the arrival time of the first vibration wave peak, the accuracy of transformer fault detection is improved, the fault measurement precision is higher, and the reflection information is richer.
As shown in fig. 11, the present application provides a method for locating a fault in a transformer housing, which is applied to a transformer including the apparatus in any one of the above embodiments, and the method includes:
s101: and starting the refrigeration sheet to cool the transformer shell and form a temperature difference with the insulating oil.
The refrigeration piece fixedly installed on the outer side of the transformer shell is started, the cooling fan attached to the outer side of the refrigeration piece starts to operate, the transformer shell is cooled, and the temperature of the shell part contacting with the refrigeration piece is lower than the ambient temperature. In the running process of the transformer, heat generated by the heating of the transformer winding is dissipated in the insulating oil, the temperature of the insulating oil is far higher than the ambient temperature, and a large temperature difference is formed between the temperature of the insulating oil and the temperature of the refrigerating sheet. As shown in fig. 12, at the same temperature of the insulating oil, the higher the air pressure of the cooling fan of the cooling fin is, the higher the cooling power output by the cooling fin is, and at the same air pressure of the cooling fan, the higher the temperature of the insulating oil is, the higher the cooling power output by the cooling fin is. Wherein, under the temperature of the insulating oil of 95 ℃, the output power of the refrigerating sheet changes more obviously along with the wind pressure of the heat radiation fan. According to the change relation of the output power of the power generation module under different air pressures of the cooling fan, the air pressure of the cooling fan suitable for the temperature of different insulating oil is formulated, so that the refrigeration sheet outputs the maximum refrigeration power.
S102: the temperature difference is utilized to enable the temperature difference power generation unit to generate and output temperature difference voltage so as to supply power for components in other transformers.
The first heat conducting ceramic and the second heat conducting ceramic of the thermoelectric power generation unit respectively sense and transmit heat from the insulating oil and the shell of the contact part of the refrigeration sheet to form temperature difference, and voltage with the range of 0.5-5V can be formed according to the temperature difference. A plurality of vibration sensors, a data processing module and an ultrasonic transmitting module are all connected with the temperature difference power generation unit, and when the voltage is greater than the working voltage of the modules and the components, the fault condition inside the transformer begins to be detected.
S103: the vibration condition in the transformer is detected through a plurality of vibration sensors, a plurality of detected vibration signals are converted into corresponding analog electric signals, and the analog electric signals are sent to the data processing module.
A plurality of vibration sensor settings directly detect the trouble condition in the transformer in the insulating oil, have avoided transformer housing to the decay of detected signal to the location of following source to the trouble source.
In one embodiment, the number and the positions of the plurality of vibration sensors are determined according to an optimal sensor configuration model, and an arrangement scheme with the maximum effectiveness is selected by obtaining the effectiveness of different vibration sensor array arrangement modes, so that the arrangement mode is further optimized. In the structural modal analysis of the vibration sensor, the actual structure can be regarded as a vibration system with multiple degrees of freedom. For a system with multiple degrees of freedom, the motion differential equation can be expressed as:
wherein: m, C, K are the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the system, respectively.
Recording the position of each vibration sensor as an action point, firstly calculating a weighted effective independent distribution matrix of each point, wherein the mathematical expression is as follows:
Fn×n＝ΦTΦ
En×n＝ΦFn×n -1ΦT
where phi is vibration mode matrix composed of n eigenvectors
Is a matrix of column vectors and is,
is the real eigenvector of the differential equation of motion. Fn×nIs a Fisher information matrix. En×nAnd (4) effectively and independently allocating a matrix to reflect the linear independence of the candidate action points.
Is the average response of each order of the ith action point,
is the r-th order mode of action, ω, of the i-th point of actionrThe frequency of the r-th order of the i-th point of action.
A matrix is assigned to the weighted effective independence.
The weighted effective independent distribution matrix is optimized by a reverse iteration method with a fusion error correction effect, as shown in fig. 6, the specific flow is as follows:
(1) optimal sensor arrangement is carried out based on Fisher information matrix determinant, and effective independent distribution matrix E is establishedn×nFurther, a weighted effective independent distribution matrix is obtained
(2) Selecting effective independent distribution matrix En×nThe minimum value of the diagonal elements and then the minimum value element is taken out.
(3) Constructing an error correction coefficient C fusing a sound wave incident angle alpha, a transformer shell box wall catadioptric coefficient beta and a diffusion attenuation coefficient gammad。
(4) According to error correction coefficient CdRecalculating weighted effective independent distribution matrices
The calculation formula is as follows:
iterative solution is carried out by using a new weighted effective independent distribution matrix, a screening threshold value is preset, and the weighted effective independent distribution matrix is deleted
The positions of the vibration sensors corresponding to the oblique diagonal elements which are smaller than the threshold value are reserved, and the positions of the vibration sensors corresponding to the oblique diagonal elements which are larger than the threshold value are reservedAnd (4) placing.
(5) And (4) forming a new weighted effective independent distribution matrix by the rest vibration sensors, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) until the preset number of sensors is reached.
The optimal arrangement scheme is selected by the method, the energy distribution of each order of vibration mode can be averaged, more system parameter information is referred, the contribution capacity of the spatial resolution is improved, and the average response of the vibration sensor is improved.
As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the number of the vibration sensors is set to four in advance, and the installation positions of the four vibration sensors are set according to the optimal arrangement scheme obtained by the sensor optimal configuration model, where the independence between the vibration sensors is strongest, so that the fault source can be detected in an all-around manner to the greatest extent, which is beneficial to reverse positioning of the fault source.
S104: the received analog electric signals are converted into corresponding pulse signals through the data processing module and are sent to the ultrasonic wave transmitting module
S105: and sending the received pulse signals to an ultrasonic receiving module positioned outside the shell through an ultrasonic transmitting module.
The ultrasonic transmission of the ultrasonic transparent transmission module adopts an amplitude keying transmission mode, the amplitude keying is digital modulation that the amplitude of a carrier changes along with a digital baseband signal, the carrier is sent when a source signal is '1', and the level of 0 is sent when the source signal is '0'. When the digital baseband signal is binary, also called binary amplitude keying (2ASK), the modulation method of the 2ASK signal includes both an analog amplitude modulation method and a keying method. The transmitting head of the ultrasonic transmitting module can transmit other unnecessary signals due to resonance after the driving signal stops, and the transmission lasts for a long time until the energy consumption on the direct current resistance of the secondary coil of the transformer is finished. When the signal is transmitted in a long distance, the effective signal wave and the ineffective residual wave can arrive at the same time, and the signal propagation result is influenced. In order to effectively suppress the influence of data transmission due to the residual wave effect, in the present embodiment, a set of pulse waves is designed to represent a source signal "1" or "0". The pulse frequency is 39kHz, and the pulse frequency is far greater than the frequency of the vibration signal to be measured, so that the interference to an analog signal is avoided.
S106: the received pulse signals are converted into corresponding digital signals through the ultrasonic receiving module and are sent to the terminal for processing.
The ultrasonic receiving module is arranged on the outer side of the transformer shell, receives the ultrasonic pulse signals transmitted by the transformer shell, decodes the received pulse signals according to the encoding rule of the transmitting end, converts the pulse signals into digital signals and sends the digital signals to the terminal for further data analysis.
S107: and carrying out fault source positioning analysis on the received digital signals through the terminal.
The terminal preprocesses the received digital signals and analyzes the preprocessed digital signals to obtain basic information of the corresponding vibration signals, wherein the basic information comprises: the number of the vibration signal, the position of the corresponding vibration sensor, the arrival time of the first wave crest of the corresponding vibration signal and the like. In this embodiment, the terminal extracts the arrival time of the first peak corresponding to each of the four vibration sensors, and records the time as t1、t2、t3And t4. Calculating the possible distances of the single vibration sensor from the fault source as s1、s2、s3And s4The calculation formula is as follows:
si＝ti×u
where u is the propagation velocity of the vibration signal in the insulating oil.
As shown in fig. 13, a coordinate system corresponding to the optimal sensor configuration model is established in the transformer, and the location of the fault source is determined by an exhaustion method, which includes the following specific steps: coordinate points of the four vibration sensors in a coordinate system are determined. Assuming that all coordinate points in the coordinate system are likely to be the source of failure, the respective coordinates are substituted into the test. After experimental calculation, coordinates of the four sensors which simultaneously satisfy the distance in the coordinate system are respectively s1、s2、s3And s4And (4) marking the coordinate point as the position of the fault source.
Claims (10)
1. A device for locating a fault in a transformer housing, comprising:
the refrigerating piece is arranged on the outer side of the shell of the transformer and used for reducing the temperature of the shell and forming a temperature difference with insulating oil in the transformer;
the temperature difference power generation unit is arranged on the inner side of the shell of the transformer, is opposite to the position of the refrigeration sheet, and is used for generating and outputting temperature difference voltage;
the vibration sensors are installed inside the transformer, an optimal arrangement scheme of the vibration sensors in the insulating oil is determined according to a sensor optimal configuration model, the optimal arrangement scheme is that the optimal installation positions of the vibration sensors are determined according to the number of the preset vibration sensors, and the vibration sensors are used for detecting and positioning the vibration condition in the transformer in different directions in the insulating oil; the plurality of vibration sensors are connected with the temperature difference power generation unit so as to supply power to the plurality of vibration sensors through the temperature difference power generation unit;
and the ultrasonic transparent transmission module is used for sending the vibration condition and the positioning information in the transformer to a terminal positioned outside the transformer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optimal sensor configuration model comprises:
recording each position of the vibration sensor as an action point, constructing a multi-degree-of-freedom sensor structure modal analysis system according to preset number of action points corresponding to the vibration sensors, and establishing a corresponding motion differential equation according to parameters in the sensor structure modal analysis system to obtain corresponding characteristic vectors, wherein the parameters comprise mass, damping and rigidity matrixes formed by mass parameters, damping parameters and rigidity parameters of the plurality of vibration sensors;
establishing a weighted effective independent distribution matrix according to the characteristic vector, performing fusion error correction on the weighted effective independent distribution matrix by using a reverse iteration method, screening main diagonal value points of the weighted effective independent distribution matrix, and deleting the main diagonal value points smaller than a preset threshold value to obtain the optimal arrangement scheme.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the mounting locations of the plurality of vibration sensors comprise any one or more of: in insulating oil and fixed inside the transformer housing;
and a rubber buffer cushion is arranged between the vibration sensor fixed on the inner side of the transformer shell and the shell and is used for blocking vibration signals transmitted by the shell.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation unit comprises:
a first conductive metal group including a plurality of first conductive metals disposed in the same direction;
the second conductive metal group is opposite to the first conductive metal group in position and comprises a plurality of second conductive metals arranged in the same direction; the first conductive metal and the last conductive metal of the second conductive metal group are connected with the plurality of vibration sensors so as to supply power to the plurality of vibration sensors through the thermoelectric power generation unit;
the first heat conducting ceramic is opposite to the position of the refrigeration piece, fixed on the inner side surface of the transformer shell and used for transferring heat of the transformer shell to the first conductive metal group;
a second conductive ceramic disposed in the insulating oil at a position opposite to the first conductive ceramic, for transferring heat of the insulating oil to the second conductive metal group;
a semiconductor material installed between the first conductive metal group and the second conductive metal group for generating the thermoelectric voltage according to a temperature difference between the first conductive metal group and the second conductive metal group.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus comprises a data processing module;
the plurality of vibration sensors are positioned in the transformer and used for converting the collected plurality of vibration signals into corresponding analog electric signals and sending the plurality of analog electric signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module is connected with the first conductive metal and the tail conductive metal of the second conductive metal group so as to supply power to the data processing module through the thermoelectric power generation unit;
the data processing module is connected with the plurality of vibration sensors and used for converting the received plurality of analog electric signals into corresponding pulse signals and sending the plurality of pulse signals to the ultrasonic wave transparent transmission module.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the ultrasound transparent transmission module comprises an ultrasound transmitting module and an ultrasound receiving module;
the ultrasonic transmitting module is connected with the first conductive metal and the tail conductive metal of the second conductive metal group so as to supply power to the data processing module through the temperature difference power generation unit;
the ultrasonic transmitting module is connected with the data processing module, is arranged on the inner side of the shell of the transformer and is used for transmitting the pulse signals to the ultrasonic receiving module positioned on the outer side of the shell;
the ultrasonic receiving module is arranged on the outer side of the shell of the transformer, is powered by an external power supply, and is used for decoding and converting the pulse signals into corresponding digital signals and sending the digital signals to a terminal.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the contact area of the refrigeration pill with the transformer housing is larger than the contact area of the thermoelectric generation unit with the transformer housing.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transformer comprises a transformer bushing and a transformer winding;
the refrigerating sheet is arranged on the outer side of the shell below the transformer relative to the transformer bushing;
the thermoelectric power generation unit is installed on the inner side of the shell below the transformer relative to the transformer bushing.
9. A method for locating a fault in a transformer housing, the method being applied to a transformer comprising the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising:
generating and outputting a voltage through a thermoelectric generation unit installed inside a case of the transformer; the thermoelectric power generation unit is arranged opposite to a refrigerating sheet arranged on the outer side of a shell of the transformer, and the refrigerating sheet is used for reducing the temperature of the shell and forming a temperature difference with insulating oil in the transformer;
detecting the vibration condition in the transformer through a plurality of vibration sensors connected with the thermoelectric generation unit, and positioning the vibration condition in a plurality of different directions in the insulating oil, wherein the plurality of vibration sensors are installed in the transformer, and determining the optimal arrangement scheme of the plurality of vibration sensors in the insulating oil according to an optimal sensor configuration model, the optimal arrangement scheme is that the optimal installation positions of the plurality of sensors are determined according to the number of the plurality of preset sensors, and the plurality of vibration sensors are powered through the thermoelectric generation unit;
sending the vibration condition and the positioning information to a terminal outside the transformer through an ultrasonic transparent transmission module;
and analyzing the fault condition and reason inside the transformer according to the vibration condition, and positioning the fault through an exhaustion method.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein determining an optimal arrangement scheme of the plurality of vibration sensors in the insulating oil according to a sensor optimal configuration model specifically comprises:
recording each position of the vibration sensor as an action point, constructing a multi-degree-of-freedom sensor structure modal analysis system according to preset number of action points corresponding to the vibration sensors, and establishing a corresponding motion differential equation according to parameters in the sensor structure modal analysis system to obtain corresponding characteristic vectors, wherein the parameters comprise mass, damping and rigidity matrixes formed by mass parameters, damping parameters and rigidity parameters of the plurality of vibration sensors;
establishing a weighted effective independent distribution matrix according to the characteristic vector, performing fusion error correction on the weighted effective independent distribution matrix by using a reverse iteration method, screening main diagonal numerical points of the weighted effective independent distribution matrix, and deleting the main diagonal numerical points smaller than a preset threshold value to obtain the optimal arrangement scheme;
the mounting positions of the plurality of vibration sensors comprise any one or more of the following: in insulating oil and fixed inside the transformer housing;
and a rubber buffer cushion is arranged between the vibration sensor fixed on the inner side of the transformer shell and the shell and is used for blocking vibration signals transmitted by the shell.
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