CN113390834A - Crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification - Google Patents
Crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual recognition, which comprises a crisp plum surface color detection step, namely, a light source is adopted to irradiate the surface of the crisp plum, a photo is taken to obtain surface image information of the crisp plum, a computer is adopted to process the surface image information, and a surface color characteristic parameter and a surface color qualified preset parameter value are extracted for comparison and judgment; and when the surface color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the surface color and the pulp color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the pulp color, judging that the crisp plum is mature. The invention is specially designed for the characteristics of the crispy plum and has the advantage of more accurately and reliably judging whether the crispy plum is mature or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit detection technology, in particular to a crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification.
Background
Crisp plum is a generic name of de-nucleated plum (boneless plum), and is cyan and bitter and astringent when immature, and yellow and sweet when fully mature. The method has the characteristics of rich epicarp color and crisp and sweet fruit pulp, has excellent quality and strong adaptability, is mainly distributed in southwest areas of China, comprises Jiang' an plum, Wushan plum, Ba shan plum and the like which belong to the variety, and increases the planting area and the yield year by year.
During the picking process of the crisp plums, fruit growers are easy to misjudge and mispick due to the fact that the maturation periods of the fruits are different, the quality of fresh fruits is affected, and the storage of the fruits is not facilitated; in the process of storage and transportation, the phenomenon of over-ripening often occurs, so that the fruit is damaged, the sale of the crisp plums is seriously influenced, and the great economic loss is caused. The current fruit maturity detection methods include artificial sensory detection, physicochemical analysis and instrument detection, but all have certain defects and are difficult to distinguish similar qualities. A titration method is usually adopted in the detection and analysis of the sugar content and the acidity in the crisp plums, various chemical reagents need to be prepared, the operation is complicated, the detection efficiency is low, and the field nondestructive detection cannot be realized. The size and color of the crisp plum are usually detected by adopting a method of artificial visual observation, the detection speed is low, manpower and material resources are consumed, objective and accurate effects cannot be achieved, and standardization and quantification are difficult to realize. The aroma and the taste of the prunus salicina are generally detected by adopting an artificial nose smelling and mouth tasting method, and the external environmental conditions, sensory evaluation personnel and prepared samples can individually or synergistically influence the sensory detection result. Ethylene is an important marker in maturity detection, and its highly selective and sensitive detection at low concentrations is crucial for regulating fruit ripening, however, ethylene detection is currently not yet mature. The current ethylene content detection method mainly adopts gas chromatography, and has the problems of complex operation, expensive instrument price and the like. In addition, the maturity of prunus salicina is judged from a single index and has no integrity and representativeness.
CN202110112114.5 discloses a plum sorting machine, which comprises a loading area and a plurality of sorting areas arranged in sequence, wherein the loading area is connected with the sorting areas through a conveyor belt, a visual identification system is arranged above the sorting areas, and collecting areas are correspondingly arranged below the sorting areas; the device flexibly applies the visual identification technology to the plum sorting process, utilizes equipment linkage and computational analysis processing, automatically and accurately classifies and collects the plums according to appearance color, and thus the plums with different maturity are sorted out. The scheme of the invention is based on that the plum is directly photographed above and sorted according to the photo identification color; the judgment method is only a conventional judgment method for identifying and sorting based on the outer surface color of the plums, and the judgment accuracy is low.
Therefore, it is a problem to be considered and solved by those skilled in the art to develop a method for detecting the maturity of the prunus salicina more accurately according to the characteristics of the prunus salicina.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification, which is designed aiming at the characteristics of crisp plums and can more accurately judge whether the crisp plums are mature.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification comprises a crisp plum surface color detection step, namely, a light source is adopted to irradiate the surface of the crisp plum, a picture is taken to obtain surface image information of the crisp plum, a computer is adopted to process the surface image information, and a surface color characteristic parameter and a surface color qualified preset parameter value are extracted for comparison and judgment; and when the surface color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the surface color and the pulp color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the pulp color, judging that the crisp plum is mature.
This is because the surface color of the ripened plum begins to turn yellow, and generally the more yellow the color, the higher the ripeness. However, the color change of the surface of the crisp plum is mainly related to the sun irradiation amplitude, and sometimes, the sun irradiation is too strong, which can cause the peel to become yellow when the inner pulp is not fully mature. Also sometimes crisp plums that are not exposed to the sun may have relatively insignificant surface color changes even after the flesh has fully ripened. However, after the crisp plums are ripe, the flesh of the crisp plums is converted into more glittering and translucent flesh, and the transparency of the flesh of the crisp plums is increased sharply. Therefore, in the method, a light source transmission mode is adopted, so that the light source transmits the crispy plum pulp, and then the transmission image information of the crispy plum pulp is shot to carry out detection and judgment, and crispy plums with different ripeness degrees have completely different transmission brightness, so that whether the crispy plum is ripe or not can be judged more accurately. Then two visual identification-based modes are adopted simultaneously, and judgment and detection are carried out in a combined mode, so that the detection accuracy and reliability can be greatly improved.
Further, in the step of detecting the surface color of the crispy plum, the crispy plum is placed in a closed detection chamber, an illuminating lamp at the position above the crispy plum is used as a light source for irradiation, and a camera is arranged above the crispy plum for shooting and detecting.
Therefore, the uniformity and stability of the detection light source can be better ensured, the interference of sunlight and external light is avoided, and the reliability of the detection result is ensured. During implementation, the illuminating lamp can be arranged right above or obliquely above, and the camera can be arranged right above or obliquely above.
Further, in the step of detecting the color and luster of the crispy plum fruit, the crispy plum is placed on a light-transmitting hole in a partition plate horizontally arranged in a closed detection chamber, a light source lamp for transmission detection is arranged below the light-transmitting hole for irradiation, and a camera is arranged obliquely above the crispy plum for detection.
Therefore, the stability of the detection light source can be better ensured, and the interference of an external light source is avoided. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the partition plate ensures the transmission effect, the camera is positioned above the brittle plum, and the shining part of the brittle plum after being transmitted starts to extend upwards from the edge of the light hole below, so that the higher the maturity of the brittle plum is, the brighter and brighter area extending upwards from the lower end is, and the range of the shining area below the brittle plum can be better detected by adopting the camera above the brittle plum in an inclined mode, and the detection precision is improved. Meanwhile, the maturity grading detection of the crisp plums can be realized based on the range of the shining areas of the crisp plums.
Further, in the step of detecting the surface color of the crispy plum, after a camera takes a picture, the image information is transmitted to a computer, an RGB color extraction technology is adopted to extract the R value, the G value and the B value of the crispy plum in the image, the R value, the G value and the B value are respectively compared with preset qualified parameter values, and when the R value, the G value and the B value are all larger than the corresponding preset qualified parameter values, the surface color is judged to be qualified.
This is because the color of the surface of the crisp plum is detected and is judged by the color of the surface of the crisp plum. According to the comparison of actual detection and analysis, the surface color of the more mature crispy plum is more yellow, the three primary colors of the image extraction R, G, B are increased along with the improvement of the maturity of the crispy plum, wherein the R value is increased most obviously, the G value is increased to the second degree, and the B value is increased to the second degree. Therefore, in the application, the RGB color extraction technology is adopted in the crisp plum surface color detection step, three primary colors are extracted to respectively judge, and the maturity of the crisp plums can be more accurately judged by comparing the size of the three primary colors with a threshold value. In practice, the technology of RGB color extraction from pictures is a mature prior art, and is not described in detail here. Qualified preset parameter values for judgment can be obtained by manually selecting mature plums in advance for testing. In practice, of course, other image feature extraction techniques may be used to perform the detection and determination, for example, an image feature extraction processing technique using three elements h, s, and w as features, but the specific determination method needs additional verification and will not be described in detail here.
Further, in the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum flesh, after a camera shoots, image information is transmitted to a computer, image segmentation processing is carried out by adopting a watershed algorithm, image binarization is carried out by adopting an iteration method, gray level processing is realized, a black-white two-color picture is obtained, the proportion of a white part is calculated, comparison with a preset qualified parameter value is carried out, and the detection of the color of the crispy plum flesh is judged to be qualified if the proportion of the white part is larger than the preset qualified parameter value.
In this way, the color of the plum fruit is detected according to the difference in brightness of the plum after being transmitted by light. Therefore, the proportion of the white area is detected after the image is subjected to binary black-and-white processing, and the proportion of the bright area is obtained by remembering. And the standard for judging whether the pulp is mature is more accurate and reliable. The specific steps of the watershed algorithm, the iteration method and the like belong to the mature prior art and are not described in detail here.
In the sample application, different image processing algorithms are respectively adopted for the surface color detection step and the flesh color detection step of the prunus salicina, so that the prunus salicina has higher pertinence and can better judge the steps. Meanwhile, different image processing algorithms are adopted for comprehensive judgment, and the possibility of misjudgment caused by single algorithm is reduced. The reliability of detection is better improved. Meanwhile, in the scheme, the related scheme of the step of detecting the color and luster of the fruit flesh of the crispy plum is completely proposed by the applicant for the first time, and particularly, whether the crispy plum is mature or not is judged by adopting a mode of detecting the brightness of the flesh by transmitting light through the fruit flesh, so that the scheme is a very original detection scheme, the scheme completely has the feasibility of being independently implemented, the independent implementation of the scheme also has higher judgment reliability, and the implementation is relatively simpler and easier.
Further, the method is realized by the following crisp plum maturity detection equipment based on visual recognition, wherein the crisp plum maturity detection equipment based on visual recognition comprises a shell, a detection cavity is arranged in the shell, a door capable of opening the detection cavity is arranged on the shell, an objective table is arranged in the detection cavity, the crisp plum maturity detection equipment further comprises a visual recognition detection system, the visual recognition detection system comprises an illuminating lamp arranged above the objective table, the illuminating lamp is used as a light source, the visual recognition detection system further comprises a camera arranged obliquely above the objective table, and the camera is connected with a computer through a communication module; wherein, the object stage upper surface level is provided with a baffle, has the light trap that supplies crisp plum to shelve on the baffle, and the light source lamp for transmission detection is just to being provided with below the light trap.
Thus, a software module for realizing the detection step of the surface color of the crispy plum and the detection step of the flesh color of the crispy plum can be preset in the computer; the software module of the crisp plum surface color detection step comprises an RGB color extraction and judgment module, the RGB color extraction and judgment module is used for extracting the R value, the G value and the B value of the crisp plums in the image, then respectively comparing the R value, the G value and the B value with preset qualified parameter values, and judging that the surface color detection is qualified when the R value, the G value and the B value are all larger than the corresponding qualified preset parameter values; the software module of the step of detecting the color of the plum flesh comprises an image segmentation processing module and a gray level processing judgment module, wherein the image segmentation processing module adopts a watershed algorithm to perform image segmentation processing, and a bright part and the rest parts are segmented; and the gray processing and judging module realizes image binarization by adopting an iteration method, realizes gray processing to obtain a black-white bicolor picture, calculates the proportion of a white part, compares the proportion with a preset qualified preset parameter value, and judges that the meat color detection of the crispy plum is qualified if the proportion is larger than the preset qualified preset parameter value. And then, the lighting lamp is used as a light source, the lighting lamp is independently turned on, and the camera is used for shooting images, so that the step of detecting the surface color of the crispy plum is realized. And then, turning off the illuminating lamp, independently turning on the light source lamp for transmission detection, and shooting images by means of a camera to realize the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum fruit. Therefore, the device can realize the crisp plum maturity judging operation based on the image detection and identification technology with two different mechanisms, and can judge the maturity of the crisp plums very conveniently, accurately and reliably. The size of the light transmission hole is determined by that the crisp plums can be placed on the light transmission hole and light can conveniently penetrate through the crisp plums to be ejected, and the diameter of the light transmission hole can be about 2-3 cm.
Furthermore, a closed light source setting chamber is arranged below the partition plate, and a light source lamp for transmission detection is installed in the light source setting chamber. Thus, the light of the light source for transmission detection can be ensured to only penetrate out of the light hole.
Furthermore, a plurality of light holes are arranged on the partition board in an array mode. Therefore, a batch of crispy plums can be detected at one time, and when a specified proportion (for example, 90%) of crispy plums in a batch of crispy plums meets the detection requirement, the maturity of the batch of crispy plums can be judged. Therefore, the maturity judgment of the crisp plums in batches can be realized more conveniently and rapidly. Has more practical significance for guiding production and application.
Furthermore, a light source lamp for transmission detection is installed in the center below each light hole, the light source lamps for transmission detection are arranged in parallel, a detection switch is further arranged in the circuit branch where the light source lamps for transmission detection are respectively located in series, and the detection switch is used for switching on the circuit branch after an object is placed on the light hole.
Therefore, after the crispy plum is placed on each light hole, the detection switch controls the corresponding light source lamp for transmission detection below to be turned on, and detection of the crispy plum on the light hole is achieved. Therefore, the light source lamp for transmission detection below the light hole without the brittle plum is not opened to generate interference, so that the detection accuracy can be better ensured. In specific implementation, the detection switch can be a piezoelectric switch or a contact switch or a proximity switch arranged on the light hole.
Furthermore, a conical reflective lamp shade is arranged outside each light source lamp for transmission detection, and the large-diameter end of the reflective lamp shade faces upwards and is connected with the corresponding light transmission hole.
Therefore, the light of each light source lamp for transmission detection is further ensured to act only on the light holes above the light source lamp, the illumination effect is improved, mutual interference is avoided, and the detection reliability is better improved.
Further, the light source lamp for transmission detection is an led bulb. Therefore, the cost is low, and the arrangement is facilitated.
The odor identification detection system comprises a sensor array module, the sensor array module is positioned in the detection chamber or communicated with the detection chamber, one or more of an ethylene sensor, an aldehyde gas sensor, an alcohol gas sensor, an ester gas sensor and a phenol gas sensor are arranged on the sensor array module, and the sensors on the sensor array module are connected with a computer.
This is because the mature prunus salicina volatilizes characteristic gases such as ethylene, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, phenols, and the like; therefore, the corresponding gas sensor is arranged in the odor identification detection system, the content of each component in the gas volatilized by the crispy plums in the detection chamber is detected, compared and judged, the corresponding gas content exceeds a preset threshold value, the judgment is mature, and the preset threshold value can be determined through a test in advance. The method can better assist in realizing accurate judgment of the ripeness of the prunus salicina. The sensor array module is integrated with a plurality of gas sensors, so that the multistage hierarchical identification of the prunus salicina can be better realized, and the hierarchical storage or transportation is facilitated. For example, the detection components of esters and phenols are high, which indicates that the maturity is good, and the detection components of aldehydes and alcohols are high, which indicates that the prunus salicina is likely to be over mature and not suitable for storage or transportation, and needs to be eaten as soon as possible.
Further, the smell identification and detection system further comprises an airflow cover arranged above the objective table, the airflow cover is in a cone bucket shape, the upper end of the airflow cover is connected to a gas detection chamber through an air exhaust pipeline, an air pump and a one-way valve leading to the gas detection chamber are installed on the air exhaust pipeline, and the sensor array module is arranged in the gas detection chamber.
Like this, adopt the mode of bleeding, the gas suction that volatilizees crisp plum on the objective table is indoor to the gas detection, realizes gathering gaseous enrichment, improves the content proportion of volatile component gas, has greatly shortened the time of detecting and has improved detectivity and accuracy.
Further, still be provided with heating device in detecting the cavity, still the switch-on is provided with the apparatus of oxygen suppliment in detecting the cavity, and the apparatus of oxygen suppliment passes through the oxygen suppliment pipeline and detects the cavity intercommunication.
Thus, the temperature of the detection chamber can be increased by supplying oxygen to the detection chamber while heating (generally, the temperature can be increased to about 35-50 ℃), so that the ripening environment of the crisp is simulated and the ripening effect of the crisp is enlarged (generally, the ripening effect of the crisp is enlarged mainly in a mode of increasing the oxygen concentration content). The detected crisp plums can quickly volatilize characteristic gas, and the time required by odor identification detection is greatly shortened.
Based on the equipment for detecting the ripeness of the crispy plum after the heating device and the oxygen supply device are additionally arranged, the invention also discloses a method for accelerating the ripening of the crispy plum; putting picked crisp plums in a closed ripening space (namely a detection chamber of the crisp plum maturity detection equipment) in batches; and then the heating device is used for increasing the environmental temperature of the ripening space, the oxygen supply device is used for increasing the oxygen content of the ripening space, so that the ripening environment of the crispy plum is simulated, the ripening effect of the crispy plum is enlarged (usually, the ripening effect is enlarged mainly in a mode of increasing the oxygen concentration content), the respiration ripening process of the crispy plum is accelerated, and the natural simulated ripening of the crispy plum is realized. Compared with the ripening method depending on various ripening agents in the prior art, the ripening method is natural, scientific, rapid and efficient, no artificial reagent residue exists, the natural green safety of fruit food is ensured, and the development requirements of advocating green food and organic food at present are met. Meanwhile, in the ripening method, the ripening degree of the crisp plums can be detected in real time based on the equipment in the ripening process of the crisp plums, so that the reliability and stability of the ripening process are ensured, and the difficulty in transportation, sale and even eating caused by over-ripening catalysis is avoided.
Further, the bottom of the shell is also provided with a water storage cavity, water is stored in the water storage cavity, the heating device is arranged inside or adjacent to the water storage cavity, and the upper end of the water storage cavity is communicated with the detection cavity.
Like this, can rely on heating device's temperature, the water in the evaporation retaining cavity for in water evaporation detected the cavity, improve the humidity that detects the cavity. Because the crispy plum can be well ripened in a high-temperature, humid and oxygen-rich environment, the environmental condition required by the ripening of the crispy plum can be better simulated, and the ripening accelerating effect is improved. In the using processes of detecting the maturity of the crisp plums, accelerating the ripening of the crisp plums and the like, the required time can be better shortened, and the using efficiency of equipment is improved. The heating device is preferably an electric heating device to facilitate control.
Furthermore, the bottom of the water storage cavity is obliquely arranged, and a drainage switch valve is arranged at the lower side of the water storage cavity.
Therefore, when the water storage device is not needed to be ripened for use, the water stored in the water storage cavity is conveniently discharged through the drainage switch valve, and the damage to parts caused by overlarge humidity in the device is prevented.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor and a humidity sensor are arranged in the detection chamber, the temperature sensor, the oxygen concentration sensor and the humidity sensor are respectively connected with a computer, and the computer is respectively connected with a heating device, an oxygen supply device and a switch control valve arranged at the upper end of the water storage chamber and the communication position of the detection chamber and is used for realizing control.
Therefore, the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen concentration data in the detection chamber can be detected, monitored and detected in real time, the degree of the detection chamber suitable for ripening is controlled, and the stability and the reliability of the ripening process are ensured.
Furthermore, a turbulent fan is arranged above the objective table.
The flow-around fan can well ensure that the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen content concentration at each position in the detected air are in a balanced state, so that the batch crispy plums used for detecting or ripening in batches can be ripened more uniformly.
Furthermore, a storage space is arranged at the lower part of the objective table, a storage frame is placed in the storage space in a drawing mode, and holes are densely distributed in the storage frame.
Therefore, when the equipment is used for ripening the crisp plums in batches, the storage frames can be adopted to contain the crisp plums, and the quantity of the crisp plums subjected to batch ripening treatment is increased.
Furthermore, the outer side of the shell is also provided with an insulating layer.
Therefore, the heat preservation and insulation can be realized, and the internal ripening environment can be kept.
Furthermore, a brittle plum bone removal detection device is arranged in the detection chamber and used for detecting the brittle plum bone removal degree.
The reason is that the crisp plums, also called deboned plums, have the characteristic that the ripe plums are separated from the kernels to form a hollow shape, the more ripe crisp plums have more obvious deboning effect, and consumers generally prefer to purchase the crisp plums with more obvious deboning effect, so that the crisp plums with better taste can be eaten, the kernels can be separated and spit out more easily and completely, and the more obvious deboning crisp plums have higher grade. Therefore, after the maturity of the crispy plum is detected, the deboning degree of the crispy plum can be detected, and the classification and sorting of products can be better assisted.
Furthermore, the brittle plum boning detection device comprises a mesh hole plate which is horizontally arranged, a blast channel is arranged below the mesh hole plate, a blast blower is arranged below the blast channel, and upward blocking pieces are arranged on the periphery of the mesh hole plate.
In this way, the blower blows air through the air duct, strong airflow is uniformly guided to act on the mesh plate, and the crispy plum is placed on the mesh plate during detection. The crisp plums with high bone removal degree have larger internal space and smaller relative density, and are easier to be blown upwards by an air blower, so the air flow speed is adjusted, and the bone removal degree of the crisp plums can be judged according to whether the crisp plums can be blown away from the mesh plate or even the height of the crisp plums blown away from the mesh plate. And then the classified sorting of the crisp plums is realized. Meanwhile, the crisp plum is very convenient and quick, and the crisp plum is not damaged. Wherein the barrier prevents the crispy plum from being blown out of the mesh plate. As another mode, in implementation, a prepared aqueous solution with a good density can be used, and the detection of the boneless degree of the prunus salicina can be realized in a gravity separation mode, but the mode has poor reliability and inconvenient operation, and the prunus salicina is not favorable for later storage or eating after being wetted.
Further, the barrier is vertically arranged enclosure cloth with the height of 3-8 cm.
Therefore, the barrier piece is formed by the enclosing cloth with the height of 3-8cm, the enclosing cloth is flexible and is in a soft state when not being blown, the crisp plum is conveniently placed, the enclosing cloth is blown to be in a vertically upward state in the detection process, and the crisp plum is not damaged in the detection process.
Furthermore, the mesh hole plate is divided into strips with the width of 4-7cm and the length of several times of the width by the enclosing cloth.
Therefore, the next or two crispy plums can be accommodated and prevented just in the width direction, wind current can be intensively blown upwards in the width direction to detect the crispy plums, interference of the blocking piece to stress of the crispy plums can be avoided to the greatest extent (if three or more crispy plums can be placed in the width direction, the effect of the crispy plums in the middle position and the crispy plums in the two side positions on the upward force can be different, and the two sides can be interfered by the enclosure cloth), balance stress of the crispy plums can be better guaranteed, and the detection reliability is improved.
Furthermore, the cloth is densely provided with meshes which are enlarged from bottom to top.
Therefore, the more upward and outward wind flow is lost, and the uplifting force of the wind flow of the crisp plum is smaller. Therefore, the size of the boning degree of the crispy plum can be better judged in an auxiliary mode according to the blown-up height of the crispy plum, and classification of the crispy plum is more accurately realized in an auxiliary mode.
In conclusion, the invention is specially designed for the characteristics of the crisp plum, and has the advantage of more accurately and reliably judging whether the crisp plum is mature.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crisp plum maturity detection device in the implementation of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the door and the panel of fig. 1 with the front removed to show the internal structure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the top surface spacer of the individual stage of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a single point a in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the single enclosure of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is a photo contrast diagram of three types of crispy plums with different ripeness degrees, which is obtained after the photographing of a camera, the image segmentation processing and the image binarization gray level processing in the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum flesh.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The best mode is as follows: a crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification comprises a crisp plum surface color detection step, namely, a step of irradiating the surface of a crisp plum by adopting a light source, taking a picture to obtain surface image information of the crisp plum, processing the surface image information by adopting a computer, extracting a surface color characteristic parameter of the crisp plum and a surface color qualified preset parameter value, and carrying out comparison judgment; and when the surface color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the surface color and the pulp color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the pulp color, judging that the crisp plum is mature.
This is because the surface color of the ripened plum begins to turn yellow, and generally the more yellow the color, the higher the ripeness. However, the color change of the surface of the crisp plum is mainly related to the sun irradiation amplitude, and sometimes, the sun irradiation is too strong, which can cause the peel to become yellow when the inner pulp is not fully mature. Also sometimes crisp plums that are not exposed to the sun may have relatively insignificant surface color changes even after the flesh has fully ripened. However, after the crisp plums are ripe, the flesh of the crisp plums is converted into more glittering and translucent flesh, and the transparency of the flesh of the crisp plums is increased sharply. Therefore, in the method, a light source transmission mode is adopted, so that the light source transmits the crispy plum pulp, and then the transmission image information of the crispy plum pulp is shot to carry out detection and judgment, and crispy plums with different ripeness degrees have completely different transmission brightness, so that whether the crispy plum is ripe or not can be judged more accurately. Then two visual identification-based modes are adopted simultaneously, and judgment and detection are carried out in a combined mode, so that the detection accuracy and reliability can be greatly improved.
When the surface color of the crispy plum is detected, the crispy plum is placed in a closed detection chamber, an illuminating lamp above the crispy plum is used as a light source for illumination, and a camera is arranged above the crispy plum for shooting and detecting.
Therefore, the uniformity and stability of the detection light source can be better ensured, the interference of sunlight and external light is avoided, and the reliability of the detection result is ensured. During implementation, the illuminating lamp can be arranged right above or obliquely above, and the camera can be arranged right above or obliquely above.
When the color and luster of the crispy plum fruit are detected, the crispy plum is placed on a light-transmitting hole in a partition plate which is horizontally arranged in a closed detection chamber, a light source lamp for transmission detection is arranged below the light-transmitting hole for irradiation, and a camera is arranged obliquely above the crispy plum for shooting and detecting.
Therefore, the stability of the detection light source can be better ensured, and the interference of an external light source is avoided. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the partition plate ensures the transmission effect, the camera is positioned above the brittle plum, and the shining part of the brittle plum after being transmitted starts to extend upwards from the edge of the light hole below, so that the higher the maturity of the brittle plum is, the brighter and brighter area extending upwards from the lower end is, and the range of the shining area below the brittle plum can be better detected by adopting the camera above the brittle plum in an inclined mode, and the detection precision is improved. Meanwhile, the maturity grading detection of the crisp plums can be realized based on the range of the shining areas of the crisp plums.
And when the surface color of the crispy plum is detected, the image information is transmitted to a computer after the camera shoots, the R value, the G value and the B value of the crispy plum in the image are extracted by adopting an RGB color extraction technology, and are respectively compared with preset qualified parameter values, and when the R value, the G value and the B value are all larger than the corresponding qualified preset parameter values, the surface color is judged to be qualified.
This is because the color of the surface of the crisp plum is detected and is judged by the color of the surface of the crisp plum. According to the comparison of actual detection and analysis, the surface color of the more mature crispy plum is more yellow, the three primary colors of the image extraction R, G, B are increased along with the improvement of the maturity of the crispy plum, wherein the R value is increased most obviously, the G value is increased to the second degree, and the B value is increased to the second degree. Therefore, in the application, the RGB color extraction technology is adopted in the crisp plum surface color detection step, three primary colors are extracted to respectively judge, and the maturity of the crisp plums can be more accurately judged by comparing the size of the three primary colors with a threshold value. In practice, the technology of RGB color extraction from pictures is a mature prior art, and is not described in detail here. Qualified preset parameter values for judgment can be obtained by manually selecting mature plums in advance for testing. In practice, of course, other image feature extraction techniques may be used to perform the detection and determination, for example, an image feature extraction processing technique using three elements h, s, and w as features, but the specific determination method needs additional verification and will not be described in detail here.
During the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum flesh, after a camera shoots, image information is transmitted to a computer, image segmentation processing is carried out by adopting a watershed algorithm, binarization is carried out on the image by adopting an iteration method, gray scale processing is realized, a black-white two-color picture is obtained, the proportion of a white part is calculated, comparison with a preset qualified parameter value is carried out, and the detection of the color of the crispy plum flesh is judged to be qualified if the proportion of the white part is larger than the preset qualified parameter value.
In this way, the color of the plum fruit is detected according to the difference in brightness of the plum after being transmitted by light. Therefore, the proportion of the white area is detected after the image is subjected to binary black-and-white processing, and the proportion of the bright area is obtained by remembering. And the standard for judging whether the pulp is mature is more accurate and reliable. The specific steps of the watershed algorithm, the iteration method and the like belong to the mature prior art and are not described in detail here. Referring to fig. 6, in the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum fruit, from left to right, there are respectively photo contrast images obtained after camera shooting, image segmentation processing and image binarization grayscale processing. The upper part of the three types of crispy plums with different maturity is low-degree mature, the middle part is medium-degree mature, and the lower part is high-degree mature. The left side is the picture after the camera shooting, the middle is the picture after the image segmentation processing, and the right side is the picture after the image binarization gray level processing. The left and middle photos are originally the original color of crisp plum, and the colors are cancelled due to the requirement of the declaration text format. As can be seen from fig. 6, the more mature the plums are, the larger the proportion of white bright areas after the image binarization is, the distinction is very obvious, so that the plums are used as the judgment standard for judging whether the pulp is mature or not, the accuracy is high, and the classification sorting can be well assisted.
In the sample application, different image processing algorithms are respectively adopted for the surface color detection step and the flesh color detection step of the prunus salicina, so that the prunus salicina has higher pertinence and can better judge the steps. Meanwhile, different image processing algorithms are adopted for comprehensive judgment, and the possibility of misjudgment caused by single algorithm is reduced. The reliability of detection is better improved. Meanwhile, in the scheme, the related scheme of the step of detecting the color and luster of the fruit flesh of the crispy plum is completely proposed by the applicant for the first time, and particularly, whether the crispy plum is mature or not is judged by adopting a mode of detecting the brightness of the flesh by transmitting light through the fruit flesh, so that the scheme is a very original detection scheme, the scheme completely has the feasibility of being independently implemented, the independent implementation of the scheme also has higher judgment reliability, and the implementation is relatively simpler and easier.
In the embodiment, the method is realized by using a visual recognition-based crisp plum maturity detection device, which is shown in fig. 1-5 and comprises a shell 1, wherein a detection chamber 2 is arranged inside the shell 1, a door 3 capable of opening the detection chamber is arranged on the shell 1, an objective table 4 is arranged inside the detection chamber 2, the visual recognition detection device further comprises a visual recognition detection system, the visual recognition detection system comprises an illuminating lamp 5 arranged above the objective table, the illuminating lamp 5 is used as a light source, the visual recognition detection system further comprises a camera 6 arranged obliquely above the objective table, and the camera 6 is connected with a computer 7 through a communication module; wherein, the upper surface level of objective table is provided with a baffle 8, has the light trap 9 that supplies crisp plum to shelve on the baffle 8, and the light source lamp 10 for transmission detection is just to being provided with below the light trap 9.
Thus, a software module for realizing the detection step of the surface color of the crispy plum and the detection step of the flesh color of the crispy plum can be preset in the computer; the software module of the crisp plum surface color detection step comprises an RGB color extraction and judgment module, the RGB color extraction and judgment module is used for extracting the R value, the G value and the B value of the crisp plums in the image, then respectively comparing the R value, the G value and the B value with preset qualified parameter values, and judging that the surface color detection is qualified when the R value, the G value and the B value are all larger than the corresponding qualified preset parameter values; the software module of the step of detecting the color of the plum flesh comprises an image segmentation processing module and a gray level processing judgment module, wherein the image segmentation processing module adopts a watershed algorithm to perform image segmentation processing, and a bright part and the rest parts are segmented; and the gray processing and judging module realizes image binarization by adopting an iteration method, realizes gray processing to obtain a black-white bicolor picture, calculates the proportion of a white part, compares the proportion with a preset qualified preset parameter value, and judges that the meat color detection of the crispy plum is qualified if the proportion is larger than the preset qualified preset parameter value. And then, the lighting lamp is used as a light source, the lighting lamp is independently turned on, and the camera is used for shooting images, so that the step of detecting the surface color of the crispy plum is realized. And then, turning off the illuminating lamp, independently turning on the light source lamp for transmission detection, and shooting images by means of a camera to realize the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum fruit. Therefore, the device can realize the crisp plum maturity judging operation based on the image detection and identification technology with two different mechanisms, and can judge the maturity of the crisp plums very conveniently, accurately and reliably. The size of the light transmission hole is determined by that the crisp plums can be placed on the light transmission hole and light can conveniently penetrate through the crisp plums to be ejected, and the diameter of the light transmission hole can be about 2-3 cm.
Wherein, a closed light source setting chamber is provided below the partition plate, and the light source lamp 10 for transmission detection is installed in the light source setting chamber. Thus, the light of the light source for transmission detection can be ensured to only penetrate out of the light hole.
Wherein, a plurality of light holes 9 are arranged on the partition board in an array. Therefore, a batch of crispy plums can be detected at one time, and when a specified proportion (for example, 90%) of crispy plums in a batch of crispy plums meets the detection requirement, the maturity of the batch of crispy plums can be judged. Therefore, the maturity judgment of the crisp plums in batches can be realized more conveniently and rapidly. Has more practical significance for guiding production and application.
Wherein, the middle position below each light hole 9 is provided with a light source lamp 10 for transmission detection, each light source lamp 10 for transmission detection is arranged in parallel, each light source lamp for transmission detection is also arranged in series in the circuit branch where the light source lamp is located, and the detection switch 11 is used for switching on the circuit branch after detecting that an article is placed on the light hole.
Therefore, after the crispy plum is placed on each light hole, the detection switch controls the corresponding light source lamp for transmission detection below to be turned on, and detection of the crispy plum on the light hole is achieved. Therefore, the light source lamp for transmission detection below the light hole without the brittle plum is not opened to generate interference, so that the detection accuracy can be better ensured. In specific implementation, the detection switch can be a piezoelectric switch or a contact switch or a proximity switch arranged on the light hole.
Wherein, a conical reflective lampshade 12 is arranged outside each light source lamp 10 for transmission detection, and the large diameter end of the reflective lampshade 12 is upward and is connected with the corresponding light hole 9.
Therefore, the light of each light source lamp for transmission detection is further ensured to act only on the light holes above the light source lamp, the illumination effect is improved, mutual interference is avoided, and the detection reliability is better improved.
The light source lamp 10 for transmission detection is an led bulb. Therefore, the cost is low, and the arrangement is facilitated.
The odor identification detection system comprises a sensor array module 17, wherein the sensor array module 17 is positioned inside the detection chamber or communicated with the detection chamber, one or more of an ethylene sensor, an aldehyde gas sensor, an alcohol gas sensor, an ester gas sensor and a phenol gas sensor are arranged on the sensor array module, and the sensors on the sensor array module are connected with a computer.
This is because the mature prunus salicina volatilizes characteristic gases such as ethylene, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, phenols, and the like; therefore, the corresponding gas sensor is arranged in the odor identification detection system, the content of each component in the gas volatilized by the crispy plums in the detection chamber is detected, compared and judged, the corresponding gas content exceeds a preset threshold value, the judgment is mature, and the preset threshold value can be determined through a test in advance. The method can better assist in realizing accurate judgment of the ripeness of the prunus salicina. The sensor array module is integrated with a plurality of gas sensors, so that the multistage hierarchical identification of the prunus salicina can be better realized, and the hierarchical storage or transportation is facilitated. For example, the detection components of esters and phenols are high, which indicates that the maturity is good, and the detection components of aldehydes and alcohols are high, which indicates that the prunus salicina is likely to be over mature and not suitable for storage or transportation, and needs to be eaten as soon as possible.
The odor identification and detection system further comprises an airflow cover 13 arranged above the objective table, the airflow cover is in a cone bucket shape, the upper end of the airflow cover 13 is connected to a gas detection chamber 14 through an air exhaust pipeline, an air pump 15 and a one-way valve 16 leading to the gas detection chamber are arranged on the air exhaust pipeline, and the sensor array module 17 is arranged in the gas detection chamber.
Like this, adopt the mode of bleeding, the gas suction that volatilizees crisp plum on the objective table is indoor to the gas detection, realizes gathering gaseous enrichment, improves the content proportion of volatile component gas, has greatly shortened the time of detecting and has improved detectivity and accuracy.
Wherein, still be provided with heating device 18 in detecting the cavity, still switch on in detecting cavity 2 and be provided with oxygen supply apparatus 19, oxygen supply apparatus 19 passes through oxygen supply pipeline and detects cavity 2 intercommunication.
Thus, the temperature of the detection chamber can be increased by supplying oxygen to the detection chamber while heating (generally, the temperature can be increased to about 35-50 ℃), so that the ripening environment of the crisp is simulated and the ripening effect of the crisp is enlarged (generally, the ripening effect of the crisp is enlarged mainly in a mode of increasing the oxygen concentration content). The detected crisp plums can quickly volatilize characteristic gas, and the time required by odor identification detection is greatly shortened.
Based on the equipment for detecting the ripeness of the crispy plum after the heating device and the oxygen supply device are additionally arranged, the invention also discloses a method for accelerating the ripening of the crispy plum; putting picked crisp plums in a closed ripening space (namely a detection chamber of the crisp plum maturity detection equipment) in batches; and then the heating device is used for increasing the environmental temperature of the ripening space, the oxygen supply device is used for increasing the oxygen content of the ripening space, so that the ripening environment of the crispy plum is simulated, the ripening effect of the crispy plum is enlarged (usually, the ripening effect is enlarged mainly in a mode of increasing the oxygen concentration content), the respiration ripening process of the crispy plum is accelerated, and the natural simulated ripening of the crispy plum is realized. Compared with the ripening method depending on various ripening agents in the prior art, the ripening method is natural, scientific, rapid and efficient, no artificial reagent residue exists, the natural green safety of fruit food is ensured, and the development requirements of advocating green food and organic food at present are met. Meanwhile, in the ripening method, the ripening degree of the crisp plums can be detected in real time based on the equipment in the ripening process of the crisp plums, so that the reliability and stability of the ripening process are ensured, and the difficulty in transportation, sale and even eating caused by over-ripening catalysis is avoided.
Wherein, casing 1 bottom still is provided with a retaining cavity 20, and the retaining cavity 20 is internal to hold water, heating device 18 sets up in the inside or adjacent department of retaining cavity 20, and retaining cavity upper end and detection cavity intercommunication set up.
Like this, can rely on heating device's temperature, the water in the evaporation retaining cavity for in water evaporation detected the cavity, improve the humidity that detects the cavity. Because the crispy plum can be well ripened in a high-temperature, humid and oxygen-rich environment, the environmental condition required by the ripening of the crispy plum can be better simulated, and the ripening accelerating effect is improved. In the using processes of detecting the maturity of the crisp plums, accelerating the ripening of the crisp plums and the like, the required time can be better shortened, and the using efficiency of equipment is improved. The heating device is preferably an electric heating device to facilitate control.
Wherein, the bottom of the water storage chamber 20 is obliquely arranged and the lower side position is provided with a drainage switch valve.
Therefore, when the water storage device is not needed to be ripened for use, the water stored in the water storage cavity is conveniently discharged through the drainage switch valve, and the damage to parts caused by overlarge humidity in the device is prevented.
Wherein, still be provided with temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and humidity transducer (not shown in the figure) in detecting the chamber, temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and humidity transducer link to each other with computer 7 respectively, and the computer links to each other and realizes controlling with heating device 18, oxygen supply apparatus 19 and the on-off control valve who installs in retaining chamber upper end and detection chamber intercommunication position department respectively.
Therefore, the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen concentration data in the detection chamber can be detected, monitored and detected in real time, the degree of the detection chamber suitable for ripening is controlled, and the stability and the reliability of the ripening process are ensured.
Wherein, a turbulent fan 21 is also arranged above the objective table 4.
The flow-around fan can well ensure that the temperature, the humidity and the oxygen content concentration at each position in the detected air are in a balanced state, so that the batch crispy plums used for detecting or ripening in batches can be ripened more uniformly.
Wherein, the lower part of the object stage 4 is provided with a storage space, a storage frame 22 is arranged in the storage space in a drawable way, and holes are densely distributed on the storage frame.
Therefore, when the equipment is used for ripening the crisp plums in batches, the storage frames can be adopted to contain the crisp plums, and the quantity of the crisp plums subjected to batch ripening treatment is increased.
Wherein, the outer side of the shell 1 is also provided with a heat preservation layer.
Therefore, the heat preservation and insulation can be realized, and the internal ripening environment can be kept.
Wherein, still be provided with crisp plum and take off bone detection device in detecting chamber 2 for realize taking off the detection of bone degree to crisp plum.
The reason is that the crisp plums, also called deboned plums, have the characteristic that the ripe plums are separated from the kernels to form a hollow shape, the more ripe crisp plums have more obvious deboning effect, and consumers generally prefer to purchase the crisp plums with more obvious deboning effect, so that the crisp plums with better taste can be eaten, the kernels can be separated and spit out more easily and completely, and the more obvious deboning crisp plums have higher grade. Therefore, after the maturity of the crispy plum is detected, the deboning degree of the crispy plum can be detected, and the classification and sorting of products can be better assisted.
The brittle plum bone-off detection device comprises a mesh hole plate 23 which is horizontally arranged, a blast channel 24 is arranged below the mesh hole plate, a blast blower 25 is arranged below the blast channel, and an upward blocking piece 26 is arranged on the periphery of the mesh hole plate.
In this way, the blower blows air through the air duct, strong airflow is uniformly guided to act on the mesh plate, and the crispy plum is placed on the mesh plate during detection. The crisp plums with high bone removal degree have larger internal space and smaller relative density, and are easier to be blown upwards by an air blower, so the air flow speed is adjusted, and the bone removal degree of the crisp plums can be judged according to whether the crisp plums can be blown away from the mesh plate or even the height of the crisp plums blown away from the mesh plate. And then the classified sorting of the crisp plums is realized. Meanwhile, the crisp plum is very convenient and quick, and the crisp plum is not damaged. Wherein the barrier prevents the crispy plum from being blown out of the mesh plate. As another mode, in implementation, a prepared aqueous solution with a good density can be used, and the detection of the boneless degree of the prunus salicina can be realized in a gravity separation mode, but the mode has poor reliability and inconvenient operation, and the prunus salicina is not favorable for later storage or eating after being wetted.
Wherein the barrier 26 is vertically arranged enclosure cloth with a height of 3-8 cm.
Therefore, the barrier piece is formed by the enclosing cloth with the height of 3-8cm, the enclosing cloth is flexible and is in a soft state when not being blown, the crisp plum is conveniently placed, the enclosing cloth is blown to be in a vertically upward state in the detection process, and the crisp plum is not damaged in the detection process.
Wherein, the enclosing cloth divides the mesh hole plate into strip shapes with the width of 4-7cm and the length of several times of the width.
Therefore, the next or two crispy plums can be accommodated and prevented just in the width direction, wind current can be intensively blown upwards in the width direction to detect the crispy plums, interference of the blocking piece to stress of the crispy plums can be avoided to the greatest extent (if three or more crispy plums can be placed in the width direction, the effect of the crispy plums in the middle position and the crispy plums in the two side positions on the upward force can be different, and the two sides can be interfered by the enclosure cloth), balance stress of the crispy plums can be better guaranteed, and the detection reliability is improved.
Wherein, the cloth is densely provided with meshes 27 which are arranged from bottom to top in an increasing way.
Therefore, the more upward and outward wind flow is lost, and the uplifting force of the wind flow of the crisp plum is smaller. Therefore, the size of the boning degree of the crispy plum can be better judged in an auxiliary mode according to the blown-up height of the crispy plum, and classification of the crispy plum is more accurately realized in an auxiliary mode.
Claims (10)
1. A crisp plum maturity detection method based on visual identification comprises a crisp plum surface color detection step, namely, a light source is adopted to irradiate the surface of the crisp plum, a picture is taken to obtain surface image information of the crisp plum, a computer is adopted to process the surface image information, and a surface color characteristic parameter and a surface color qualified preset parameter value are extracted for comparison and judgment; and when the surface color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the surface color and the pulp color characteristic parameter is larger than the qualified preset parameter value of the pulp color, judging that the crisp plum is mature.
2. The method for detecting the maturity of the crispy plum based on the visual recognition as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of detecting the surface color of the crispy plum, the crispy plum is placed in a closed detection chamber, an illuminating lamp at a position above the crispy plum is used as a light source for illumination, and a camera is arranged above the crispy plum for detection.
3. The method for detecting the ripeness of crispy plum based on visual recognition according to claim 2, wherein in the step of detecting the color and luster of the crispy plum, the crispy plum is placed on a light-transmitting hole of a horizontally arranged partition board in a closed detection chamber, a light source lamp for transmission detection is arranged below the light-transmitting hole, and a camera is arranged obliquely above the crispy plum for detection.
4. The method for detecting the maturity of crispy plum based on visual identification as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step of detecting the surface color of crispy plum, after a camera takes a picture, the image information is transmitted to a computer, the RGB color extraction technology is adopted to extract the R value, the G value and the B value of crispy plum in the image, and then the R value, the G value and the B value are respectively compared with the preset qualified parameter values, and when the R value, the G value and the B value are all larger than the corresponding qualified preset parameter values, the surface color detection is judged to be qualified.
5. The method for detecting the maturity of the crispy plum based on the visual recognition as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step of detecting the color of the crispy plum flesh, after a camera takes a picture, image information is transmitted to a computer, image segmentation processing is performed by a watershed algorithm, image binarization is performed by an iterative method to realize gray processing, a black-white two-color picture is obtained, the proportion of a white part is calculated, and the comparison with a preset qualified parameter value is performed, and the detection of the color of the crispy plum flesh is judged to be qualified if the proportion of the white part is larger than the preset qualified parameter value.
6. The visual recognition-based crisp plum maturity detection method according to claim 1, wherein the visual recognition-based crisp plum maturity detection method is realized by adopting a visual recognition-based crisp plum maturity detection device, the visual recognition-based crisp plum maturity detection device comprises a shell, a detection chamber is arranged inside the shell, a door capable of opening the detection chamber is arranged on the shell, an object stage is arranged inside the detection chamber, the visual recognition detection system further comprises a visual recognition detection system, the visual recognition detection system comprises an illuminating lamp arranged above the object stage, the illuminating lamp is used as a light source, the visual recognition detection system further comprises a camera arranged obliquely above the object stage, and the camera is connected with a computer through a communication module; wherein, the object stage upper surface level is provided with a baffle, has the light trap that supplies crisp plum to shelve on the baffle, and the light source lamp for transmission detection is just to being provided with below the light trap.
7. The method for detecting the maturity of plums based on visual identification as claimed in claim 6, wherein a closed light source setting chamber is provided below the partition plate, and the light source lamp for transmission detection is installed in the light source setting chamber.
8. The method for detecting the maturity of plum based on visual identification as claimed in claim 6, wherein a light source lamp for transmission detection is installed at the center below each light hole, each light source lamp for transmission detection is installed in parallel, each light source lamp for transmission detection is further installed in series in a circuit branch, and a detection switch is used for switching on the circuit branch after an object is placed on the light hole is detected.
9. The method for detecting the maturity of plums based on visual identification as claimed in claim 6, wherein a conical reflective lamp shade is arranged outside each light source lamp for transmission detection, and the large diameter end of the reflective lamp shade faces upwards and is connected with the corresponding light transmission hole;
the light source lamp for transmission detection is an led bulb.
10. The visual recognition-based crisp plum maturity detection method of claim 6, wherein a crisp plum bone removal detection device is further arranged in the detection chamber and is used for detecting the crisp plum bone removal degree;
the brittle plum boning detection device comprises a mesh hole plate which is horizontally arranged, a blast channel is arranged below the mesh hole plate, a blower is arranged below the blast channel, and upward blocking pieces are arranged on the periphery of the mesh hole plate;
the barrier is vertically arranged enclosure cloth with the height of 3-8 cm; the mesh hole plate is divided into strips with the width of 4-7cm and the length of several times of the width by the enclosing cloth; the cloth is densely covered with meshes which are enlarged from bottom to top.
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