CN113383857A - Method for treating fermented rapeseed processing by-products - Google Patents
Method for treating fermented rapeseed processing by-products Download PDFInfo
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- CN113383857A CN113383857A CN202110774254.9A CN202110774254A CN113383857A CN 113383857 A CN113383857 A CN 113383857A CN 202110774254 A CN202110774254 A CN 202110774254A CN 113383857 A CN113383857 A CN 113383857A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating a fermented rapeseed processing byproduct, which can reduce the content of antinutritional factors in the rapeseed processing byproduct, improve the feeding quality and improve the animal feeding effect. A method for treating a fermented rapeseed processing byproduct, comprising the steps of: 1) crushing the dried fermented rapeseed processing by-product to obtain a crushed material; 2) conveying the crushed materials into a conditioner of a bulking machine, and conditioning the crushed materials by saturated steam to obtain high-temperature conditioned materials; 3) and conveying the high-temperature quenched and tempered material into a puffing cavity of a puffing machine for extrusion treatment to obtain a puffed material. According to the invention, the fermented rapeseed processing by-product is used as a raw material, and after wet-process puffing treatment, the removal rate of the anti-nutritional factor isothiocyanate in the fermented rapeseed processing by-product is 81-84%, and the removal rate of the anti-nutritional factor oxazolidinethione is 69-74%, so that the nutritional requirements of modern industrial feed production or cultured animals can be better met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed raw material pre-digestion treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating a fermented rapeseed processing byproduct.
Background
The rapeseed processing by-product is the by-product of rapeseed directly pressed oil or after residual oil is extracted by pre-pressed oil and organic solvent, and belongs to a plant protein feed raw material with rich resources and low price.
China is the biggest rapeseed producing country in the world, and the rapeseed processing by-products have abundant resources, and the annual output is more than 1000 million tons. Due to different varieties and production places, the content of nutrient components and anti-nutritional factors in the by-products of rapeseed processing is greatly different. The rapeseed processing by-product contains 35-41% of crude protein, compared with soybean meal, except that the content of lysine is lower than that of the soybean meal, the content of other amino acids is similar to that of the soybean meal, the content of sulfur-containing amino acids is slightly higher than that of the soybean meal, and the rapeseed processing by-product contains rich trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, selenium and the like and vitamin B group. However, the rapeseed processing by-product contains various anti-nutritional factors, such as glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, oxazolidinethione, phytic acid, tannin and the like, which cause poisoning of monogastric animals, poor palatability and reduced digestion utilization rate, thus greatly limiting the application of the rapeseed processing by-product in the feed industry and the breeding industry.
The feed pre-digestion treatment technology is characterized in that specific processing treatment is carried out according to the characteristics of raw materials, nutrient substances which cannot be digested in the raw materials are converted into nutrient substances which can be digested by animals, nutrient components which are difficult to digest and absorb are converted into nutrient components which can be digested and absorbed by the animals more easily, the contents of anti-nutritional factors and toxic and harmful substances in the raw materials are reduced, beneficial factors in the feed are increased, and the utilization efficiency of the nutrient substances in the feed in the animal bodies is improved. At present, the feed pre-digestion treatment process mainly comprises high-temperature treatment (such as puffing), fermentation treatment, enzymolysis treatment and comprehensive treatment (combination of two or three of the above).
The existing rapeseed processing by-product fermentation treatment technology, whether multi-strain fermentation or bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation treatment, improves the defects of the original state to a certain extent, but the obtained fermentation product is not ideal enough in the aspects of removing raw material anti-nutritional factors, increasing animal palatability and the like, and is difficult to meet the nutritional requirements of modern industrial feed production or animal cultivation. The method is innovative and integrates the prior art to further optimize and treat the rapeseed processing by-products, improves the feeding quality of the rapeseeds, improves the digestion and utilization efficiency of animals, and has very important strategic significance for efficiently utilizing the characteristic feed resources of China, reducing the use amount of soybean meal and reducing the dependence on imported soybean products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for treating a fermented rapeseed processing byproduct, which can reduce the content of antinutritional factors in the rapeseed processing byproduct, improve the feeding quality and improve the animal feeding effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for treating a fermented rapeseed processing byproduct, comprising the steps of:
1) crushing the dried fermented rapeseed processing by-product to obtain a crushed material;
2) conveying the crushed material processed in the step 1) into a conditioner of a bulking machine, and conditioning by saturated steam to obtain a high-temperature conditioned material;
3) conveying the high-temperature quenched and tempered material processed in the step 2) into a puffing cavity of a puffing machine for extrusion processing to obtain a puffed material.
Further, the fermented rapeseed processing by-product in the step 1) is a material obtained by performing mixed fermentation on a rapeseed processing by-product obtained by oil pressing and leaching of rapeseed; preferably, the mixed fermentation treatment is to perform solid state fermentation on the rapeseed processing by-product by adopting aspergillus oryzae and yeast.
Further, the drying mode in the step 1) is hot air drying, preferably hot air is used for ventilating and drying the fermented materials accumulated on the fine mesh-shaped padding bed from bottom to top through an underground pipeline.
Further, in the step 1), the aperture of the sieve sheet of the pulverizer adopted in the pulverizing treatment is 1.0-1.5 mm, and the preferred aperture is 1.0 mm.
Further, the step 2) of tempering treatment refers to fully contacting and mixing the crushed materials with moist and hot saturated steam in a closed tempering device.
Further, the saturated steam in the step 2) is steam with the pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa and the temperature of 100-130 ℃; preferably, the original pressure of steam used for tempering is 0.6MPa, and the pressure after pressure reduction treatment is 0.2-0.3 MPa; the saturated steam temperature is preferably 120-130 ℃.
Further, in the step 3), the extrusion treatment is to extrude and shear the material by using a screw and an extrusion cavity in the extruder to increase the temperature of the material, extrude the material with high temperature and high pressure out of a die hole after pressurization, and realize rapid volume expansion due to sudden pressure reduction.
Further, the conveying speed of the high-temperature quenched and tempered material in the step 3) is adjusted, the frequency of the feeder is controlled to be 25-50 HZ, and the preferred frequency is 35 HZ.
Further, the temperature in the puffing cavity of the puffing machine in the step 3) is controlled to be 90-120 ℃, and preferably 105-115 ℃.
Further, the removal rate of the anti-nutritional factor isothiocyanate in the expanded material in the step 3) is 81-84%, and the removal rate of the anti-nutritional factor oxazolidinethione is 69-74%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wet-process puffing treatment of the fermented rapeseed processing by-product organically combines two feed pre-digestion treatment technologies, and compared with the existing fermentation treatment technology, the treated rapeseed processing by-product has the effect of improving the animal feeding effect; according to the invention, the fermented rapeseed processing by-product is used as a raw material, and after wet-process puffing treatment, the removal rate of anti-nutritional factor Isothiocyanate (ITC) in the fermented rapeseed processing by-product is 81-84%, and the removal rate of anti-nutritional factor Oxazolidinethione (OZT) is 69-74%, so that the anti-nutritional factor is further removed, and the feeding quality of the rapeseed processing by-product is improved; the method has the advantages of reducing the content of antinutritional factors in the rapeseed processing by-products, improving the feeding quality of the rapeseeds and improving the feeding effect of animals, and can better meet the nutritional requirements of modern industrial feed production or cultured animals.
Detailed Description
The wet-process puffing treatment method of the processing by-product of the fermented rapeseed comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the dried fermented rapeseed processing by-product to obtain a crushed material;
the fermented rapeseed processing by-product is a material obtained by performing mixed fermentation on a rapeseed processing by-product obtained by oil pressing and leaching of rapeseeds; the rapeseed processing by-product belongs to a by-product obtained after rapeseed oil pressing, and is preferably a processing by-product obtained after pre-pressing oil and organic solvent extraction; preferably, the mixed fermentation treatment of the rapeseed processing by-products adopts aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes to carry out solid state fermentation on the rapeseed processing by-products;
the drying mode is hot air drying, preferably hot air is used for carrying out ventilation drying from bottom to top on the fermented materials accumulated on the fine mesh-shaped padding bed through an underground pipeline;
the aperture of the sieve sheet of the pulverizer can be 1.0-1.5 mm, and the preferable aperture is 1.0 mm;
2) conveying the crushed material processed in the step 1) into a conditioner of a bulking machine, and conditioning by saturated steam to obtain a high-temperature conditioned material;
the quenching and tempering treatment refers to fully contacting and mixing the crushed materials with damp-heat saturated steam in a closed quenching and tempering device;
the saturated steam is steam with the pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa and the temperature of 100-130 ℃; the original pressure of steam used for tempering is 0.6MPa, and the pressure after pressure reduction treatment is 0.2-0.3 MPa; the temperature of the saturated steam is preferably 120-130 ℃;
the bulking machine can adopt a domestic TPH260 type extrusion bulking machine, and the diameter of a screw rod of the bulking machine is 260 mm;
3) conveying the high-temperature quenched and tempered material processed in the step 2) into a puffing cavity of a puffing machine for extrusion processing to obtain a puffed material.
The extrusion treatment is to extrude and shear the material by using a screw and an extrusion cavity in the extruder to heat the material, extrude the material with high temperature and high pressure out of a die hole after pressurization, and realize rapid volume expansion due to sudden pressure reduction;
adjusting the conveying speed of the high-temperature quenched and tempered material, and controlling the frequency of a feeder to be 25-50 HZ, wherein the preferred frequency is 35 HZ;
the temperature in the puffing cavity of the puffing machine is controlled to be 90-120 ℃, and preferably 105-115 ℃.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1) Crushing the dried fermented rapeseed processing by-product, and sieving by a crusher to obtain a crushed material, wherein the aperture of a sieve sheet of the crusher is 1.0 mm;
2) conveying the crushed materials into a domestic TPH260 type extrusion bulking machine conditioner to be fully contacted and mixed with saturated steam with the pressure of 0.2MPa and the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain conditioned materials;
3) and conveying the conditioned material into a puffing cavity of a puffing machine for extrusion treatment, wherein the frequency of a feeder is 35HZ, and the temperature in the puffing cavity of the puffing machine is 105 ℃, so as to obtain the puffed material.
Example 2
1) Crushing the dried fermented rapeseed processing by-product, and sieving by a crusher to obtain a crushed material, wherein the aperture of a sieve sheet of the crusher is 1.0 mm;
2) conveying the crushed materials into a domestic TPH260 type extrusion bulking machine conditioner to be fully contacted and mixed with saturated steam with the pressure of 0.3MPa and the temperature of 130 ℃ to obtain conditioned materials;
3) and conveying the conditioned material into a puffing cavity of a puffing machine for extrusion treatment, wherein the frequency of a feeder is 35HZ, and the temperature in the puffing cavity of the puffing machine is 115 ℃, so as to obtain the puffed material.
The content of Isothiocyanate (ITC) and Oxazolidinethione (OZT) in the rapeseed processing by-product (untreated as such), the treated puffs obtained in examples 1 and 2, respectively, were determined and recorded, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the anti-nutritional factor content of rapeseed processing by-products
| Detecting items | Rapeseed processing by-products | Example 1 | Example 2 |
| ITC,mg/kg | 204.25 | 37.12 | 34.25 |
| OZT,mg/kg | 0.42 | 0.13 | 0.11 |
As can be seen from Table 1, in examples 1 and 2, compared with the rapeseed processing by-product (untreated product), the two anti-nutritional factors, namely Isothiocyanate (ITC) and Oxazolidinethione (OZT), were significantly removed, and the removal rates thereof were 81.83-83.23% and 69.05-73.81%, respectively.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating a byproduct of fermented rapeseed processing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) crushing the dried fermented rapeseed processing by-product to obtain a crushed material;
2) conveying the crushed material processed in the step 1) into a conditioner of a bulking machine, and conditioning by saturated steam to obtain a high-temperature conditioned material;
3) conveying the high-temperature quenched and tempered material processed in the step 2) into a puffing cavity of a puffing machine for extrusion processing to obtain a puffed material.
2. The method for treating the byproducts produced in the processing of the fermented rapeseeds of claim 1, wherein the byproducts produced in the processing of the fermented rapeseeds in the step 1) are materials obtained by pressing and leaching rapeseeds, and then performing mixed fermentation on the byproducts; preferably, the mixed fermentation treatment is to perform solid state fermentation on the rapeseed processing by-product by adopting aspergillus oryzae and yeast.
3. The method for treating the by-products of fermented rapeseed processing according to claim 1, wherein the drying manner in step 1) is hot air drying, preferably hot air through an underground pipeline by ventilating from bottom to top the fermented material stacked on the fine mesh-shaped padding bed.
4. The method for treating the byproducts from the processing of the fermented rapeseeds according to claim 1, wherein the size of the screen pieces of the pulverizer used in the pulverizing treatment in the step 1) is 1.0-1.5 mm, preferably 1.0 mm.
5. The method for processing the byproducts produced in the processing of fermented rapeseed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal refining in step 2) is performed by fully contacting and mixing the pulverized material with moist and hot saturated steam in a closed thermal refining device.
6. The method for treating the byproducts from the processing of fermented rapeseeds of claim 1, wherein the saturated steam in the step 2) is steam with a pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa and a temperature of 100-130 ℃; preferably, the original pressure of steam used for tempering is 0.6MPa, and the pressure after pressure reduction treatment is 0.2-0.3 MPa; the saturated steam temperature is preferably 120-130 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3) of extruding comprises extruding and shearing the material with a screw and a puffing chamber in a puffing machine to increase the temperature, extruding the material with high temperature and high pressure out of a die hole after pressurization, and rapidly expanding the volume due to sudden depressurization.
8. The method for treating the byproducts from the processing of fermented rapeseeds of claim 1, wherein the conveying speed of the high-temperature conditioned material in the step 3) is adjusted, and the frequency of the feeder is controlled to be 25-50 Hz, preferably 35 Hz.
9. The method for treating the byproducts from the processing of fermented rapeseeds according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the expansion chamber of the expansion machine in the step 3) is controlled to be 90-120 ℃, preferably 105-115 ℃.
10. The method for treating the byproducts from the processing of fermented rapeseeds of claim 1, wherein the removal rate of the anti-nutritional factor isothiocyanate and the removal rate of the anti-nutritional factor oxazolidinethione in the expanded material of step 3) are 81-84% and 69-74%, respectively.
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| CN202110774254.9A CN113383857A (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2021-07-08 | Method for treating fermented rapeseed processing by-products |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115005325A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-09-06 | 广州博善生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of selenium-enriched yeast culture |
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| CN104782980A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-07-22 | 安徽天邦饲料科技有限公司 | Intestine-protecting non-tolerant efficient puffing granular compound herring feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105053717A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-11-18 | 盐城工学院 | Low-fish-meal-content expanded feed for pond culture of liza haematocheila on coastal beaches and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115005325A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-09-06 | 广州博善生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of selenium-enriched yeast culture |
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Application publication date: 20210914 |