CN113382530A - Medical proton synchrotron of super high dose rate - Google Patents
Medical proton synchrotron of super high dose rate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
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- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron which comprises four deflection dipolar magnet groups which are sequentially connected to form an annular structure, wherein each deflection dipolar magnet group is composed of at least two deflection dipolar magnets, the sum of deflection angles of the deflection dipolar magnet groups is 90 degrees, four linear sections are connected between the adjacent deflection dipolar magnet groups, each linear section comprises a horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and a horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet, protons are injected into the ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron through an injection cutting magnet and an injection impact magnet, the energy is improved under the action of a high-frequency accelerating device, the protons enter into an extraction cutting magnet and are extracted from the ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron under the action of an extraction impact magnet, and the cycle frequency of the extraction cutting magnet is up to 25 Hz. According to the medical proton synchrotron with the ultrahigh dose rate, the rapid circulation and the rapid extraction at 25Hz are realized, and the requirements of small beam envelope function, low requirement on the inner diameter of a vacuum chamber and the like are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to tumor treatment, in particular to an ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron.
Background
The excellent bragg peak characteristics of protons in the depth direction make them one of the most advanced means in tumor therapy, and currently, proton therapy devices and therapy centers are increasingly built in the world, and proton therapy is also developing in a direction of more accuracy and less side effects. FLASH therapy (FLASH) or ultra high dose rate therapy is one such direction. Non-patent literature Sci trans Med 2014; 6:245ra93 shows that this treatment at an average dose rate of more than 60Gy/s can kill tumor cells while reducing the side effects of normal tissue. Rather than patent appl. phys. lett.101,243701, which shows instantaneous dose rates up to 108Gy/s, the average dose rate is not high but better effects can be achieved.
The high dose rate proton therapy accelerators currently designed and tested are primarily cyclotrons and laser accelerators. The cyclotron can provide stable continuous beams, the energy of the cyclotron is changed by a mechanical device, namely an energy reducer, placed on a high-energy line, the beam energy is reduced by scattering, the passing efficiency is less than 1% when the lowest energy is 70MeV during treatment, and the dosage rate does not meet the treatment requirement when the energy is low, so that the current FLASH experiment adopts penetration treatment, and the advantage of a Bragg peak of protons cannot be exerted; in addition, scattering caused by energy drop and a large amount of beam current loss caused by energy selection can cause extremely large radiation, and great pressure is caused on radiation protection and equipment safety. Laser accelerators have not been able to provide proton beams above 100MeV at the present stage for treatment. Patent document CN112657072A discloses a linear accelerator with ultra-high dose rate, which can meet the requirements of instantaneous dose rate and average dose rate, but its energy regulation is not yet verified.
The synchrotron has the obvious advantages that the energy of the beam can be conveniently adjusted to meet the requirement of radiotherapy on precise change of ion energy, no additional energy reduction piece is needed, and a relatively clean (small radiation) environment can be ensured. For example, CN105392270A discloses a synchrotron, which mentions that the envelope function is minimized in the case of keeping the perimeter of the synchrotron as small as possible, and in particular, the horizontal focusing intensity can be effectively enhanced by enhancing the field strength of the deflecting magnet, thereby reducing the envelope function. However, the synchrotron has a long cycle time due to its structural limitation, and the instantaneous and average dose rate is low, and the dose rate cannot be increased to the extent required by flash therapy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of long cycle period, low instantaneous and average dose rate and the like of the traditional synchrotron in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrahigh dose rate medical proton synchrotron.
The ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron provided by the invention comprises: the first deflection dipolar magnet group, the second deflection dipolar magnet group, the third deflection dipolar magnet group and the fourth deflection dipolar magnet group are connected in sequence, and the fourth deflection dipolar magnet group is connected with the first deflection dipolar magnet group to form a ring structure, wherein each deflection dipolar magnet group is composed of at least two deflection dipolar magnets, and the sum of deflection angles of the deflection dipolar magnets is 90 degrees; a first linear section connected between the fourth deflection dipole magnet group and the first deflection dipole magnet group, the first linear section including a first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet, an injection cutting magnet and an injection impact magnet, wherein the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is disposed adjacent to the fourth deflection dipole magnet group, the first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is disposed adjacent to the first deflection dipole magnet group, and the injection cutting magnet and the injection impact magnet are connected to the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet; the second linear section is connected between the first deflection dipolar magnet group and the second deflection dipolar magnet group and comprises a second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet and a leading-out impact magnet, wherein the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the first deflection dipolar magnet group, the second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the second deflection dipolar magnet group, and the leading-out impact magnet is connected with the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet; a third linear section connected between the second deflection dipole magnet group and the third deflection dipole magnet group, the third linear section comprising a third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet and a lead-out cutting magnet, wherein the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the second deflection dipole magnet group, the third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the third deflection dipole magnet group, and the lead-out cutting magnet is connected with the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet; a fourth linear section connected between the third deflection dipole magnet group and the fourth deflection dipole magnet group, the fourth linear section including a fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet and a high-frequency accelerating device, wherein the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the third deflection dipole magnet group, the fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the fourth deflection dipole magnet group, and the high-frequency accelerating device is connected with the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet; the proton is injected into the medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dosage rate through the injection cutting magnet and the injection impact magnet, the energy is promoted under the action of the high-frequency accelerating device, the proton enters the extraction cutting magnet under the action of the extraction impact magnet and is extracted from the medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dosage rate, and the cycle frequency of the proton is up to 25 Hz.
Preferably, the first, second, third and/or fourth deflection dipole magnet groups are formed by connecting two deflection dipole magnets in series, each having a deflection angle of 45 degrees, or three deflection dipole magnets in series, each having a deflection angle of 30 degrees, or four deflection dipole magnets in series, each having a deflection angle of 22.5 degrees.
Preferably, the injection cut magnet and the injection impact magnet are connected between the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the fourth deflection dipole magnet set.
Preferably, the injection cut magnet and the injection impact magnet are connected between the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
Preferably, the extraction impact magnet is connected between the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the first deflection dipole magnet set.
Preferably, the extraction impact magnet is connected between the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
Preferably, the extraction cutting magnet is connected between the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the second deflection dipole magnet group.
Preferably, the extraction cutting magnet is connected between the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
Preferably, the high-frequency accelerating device is connected between the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the third deflection dipole magnet group.
Preferably, the high-frequency accelerating means is connected between the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
The medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dose rate is a fast-cycle synchrotron, the fast extraction (single-circle extraction) mode can completely extract proton beams to a target region within dozens of nanoseconds, and the instantaneous dose rate can reach 107Gy/s is higher than the standard dose, the cycle frequency of 25Hz can reach 30-60Gy per minute and simultaneously meet the requirement of dose uniformity, and the average dose rate can be higher. In a word, the medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dose rate can meet the requirements of a vacuum chamber on small beam envelope function, low requirement on the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber and low conductivity stainless steel material while realizing fast circulation and fast extraction at 25 Hz.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ultrahigh dose rate medical proton synchrotron according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ultrahigh dose rate medical proton synchrotron according to another preferred embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows an envelope function of the ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a first deflection dipole magnet group a1, a second deflection dipole magnet group a2, a third deflection dipole magnet group A3 and a fourth deflection dipole magnet group a4 connected in sequence, and the fourth deflection dipole magnet group a4 is connected with the first deflection dipole magnet group a1 to form a ring structure. In the present embodiment, the first deflection dipole magnet group a1 is composed of a series connection of a first deflection dipole magnet 11 and a second deflection dipole magnet 12 having deflection angles of 45 degrees, respectively, the second deflection dipole magnet group a2 is composed of a series connection of a third deflection dipole magnet 13 and a fourth deflection dipole magnet 14 having deflection angles of 45 degrees, respectively, the third deflection dipole magnet group A3 is composed of a series connection of a fifth deflection dipole magnet 15 and a sixth deflection dipole magnet 16 having deflection angles of 45 degrees, respectively, and the fourth deflection dipole magnet group a4 is composed of a series connection of a seventh deflection dipole magnet 17 and an eighth deflection dipole magnet 18 having deflection angles of 45 degrees, respectively. Obviously, the total deflection angle of each of the deflection dipole magnet groups a1, a2, A3, a4 is 90 degrees. In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2, each of the two deflection dipole magnet groups a1, a2, A3, a4 is likewise composed of two deflection dipole magnets having a deflection angle of 45 degrees, respectively, in the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 3, each of the two deflection dipole magnet groups a1, a2, A3, a4 is composed of three deflection dipole magnets having a deflection angle of 30 degrees, respectively, and in the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 4, each of the two deflection dipole magnet groups a1, a2, A3, a4 is composed of four deflection dipole magnets having a deflection angle of 22.5 degrees, respectively.
Returning to fig. 1, the ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron according to the preferred embodiment further includes a first linear segment B1, a second linear segment B2, a third linear segment B3, and a fourth linear segment B4, wherein the first linear segment B1 is connected between the fourth deflection dipole magnet group a4 and the first deflection dipole magnet group a1, the second linear segment B2 is connected between the first deflection dipole magnet group a1 and the second deflection dipole magnet group a2, the third linear segment B3 is connected between the second deflection dipole magnet group a2 and the third deflection dipole magnet group A3, and the fourth linear segment B4 is connected between the third deflection dipole magnet group A3 and the fourth deflection dipole magnet group a 4.
In the preferred embodiment, the first linear section B1 includes a first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 21 and a first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 31, wherein the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 21 is disposed adjacent to the eighth deflecting dipole magnet 18 of the fourth deflecting dipole magnet set a4 and the first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 31 is disposed adjacent to the first deflecting dipole magnet 11 of the first deflecting dipole magnet set a 1. In addition, the first linear segment B1 further includes an injection cut magnet 41 and an injection impact magnet 42. In the present embodiment, the injection cut magnet 41 and the injection impact magnet 42 are connected between the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 21 and the eighth deflection dipole magnet 18. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the injection cut magnet 41 'and the injection impact magnet 42' are connected between the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 21 and the first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 31.
In the preferred embodiment, the second linear segment B2 includes a second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 22 and a second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 32, wherein the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 22 is disposed proximate to the second deflection dipole magnet 12 of the first deflection dipole magnet set a1 and the second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 32 is disposed proximate to the third deflection dipole magnet 13 of the second deflection dipole magnet set a 2. In addition, the second linear joint B2 further includes the lead-out impact magnet 51. In the present embodiment, the extraction impact magnet 51 is connected between the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 22 and the second deflection dipole magnet 12. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the extraction impact magnet 51' is connected between the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 22 and the second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 32.
In the preferred embodiment, the third linear segment B3 includes a third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 23 and a third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 33, wherein the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 23 is disposed proximate to the fourth deflection dipole magnet 14 of the second deflection dipole magnet set a2 and the third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 33 is disposed proximate to the fifth deflection dipole magnet 15 of the third deflection dipole magnet set A3. In addition, the third linear segment B3 includes the extraction cutting magnet 52. In the present embodiment, the extraction cut magnet 52 is connected between the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 23 and the fourth deflection dipole magnet 14. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the extraction cut magnet 52' is connected between the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 23 and the third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 33.
In the preferred embodiment, the fourth linear segment B4 includes a fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 24 and a fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 34, wherein the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 24 is disposed adjacent to the sixth deflection dipole magnet 16 of the third deflection dipole magnet set A3 and the fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 34 is disposed adjacent to the seventh deflection dipole magnet 17 of the fourth deflection dipole magnet set a 4. In addition, the fourth linear segment B4 further includes a high-frequency accelerator 61. In the present embodiment, the high-frequency acceleration device 61 is connected between the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 24 and the sixth deflection dipole magnet 16. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the high-frequency accelerating device 61' is connected between the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet 24 and the fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet 34.
The above components are connected by a vacuum chamber 71, shown as a straight line.
In a treatment period with a circulation frequency up to 25Hz, the injector provides a low-energy proton beam, and the low-energy proton beam is injected into the medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dose rate through the injection cutting magnet 41 and the injection impact magnet 42 to form storage; the protons are energized by the high-frequency accelerator 61, according to the treatment requirements, by simultaneously raising the field strengths of the deflecting dipole magnets 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, the horizontal focusing quadrupole irons 21, 22, 23, 24 and the horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnets 31, 32, 33, 34. At the energy corresponding to the treatment, the protons enter the extraction cutting magnet 52 under the action of the extraction impact magnet 51 and are quickly extracted out of the proton synchrotron to the patient. Therefore, the mode of combining the fast circulation synchrotron with the fast extraction is adopted, the dosage rate of the proton synchrotron is improved to the flash treatment degree, the treatment time is shortened, and the irradiation quality is improved.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the horizontal and vertical beam envelope functions of the preferred embodiment, where the ordinate represents the magnitude of the function in meters (m) and the abscissa represents the longitudinal position in meters (m) in the synchrotron. Therefore, the method has the characteristics of small envelope function and high effective acceptance, and simulation calculation shows that more protons can be stored.
In conclusion, the invention achieves bidirectional focusing by adopting the deflecting dipolar magnet and the weak focusing of the edge focusing and the horizontal focusing of the deflecting dipolar magnet and the strong focusing of the horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet, thereby controlling the horizontal envelope function and the vertical envelope function to be in a smaller level. Specifically, according to the synchrotron of the present embodiment, eight deflection dipole magnets 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 are used in combination with four horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnets 31, 32, 33, 34 for fine-tuning the operating point, to control the full-circle envelope function to a small level. Compared with CN105392270A, the envelope function of the invention is smaller, which effectively increases the acceptance of the synchrotron. The use of fast cycles reduces the number of stored particles in a single cycle and also reduces the requirements on the size of the vacuum chamber. In addition, the requirement on the size of the vacuum chamber is reduced due to the adoption of the quick extraction, the vacuum chamber 71 has a smaller diameter due to the factors, the requirements on deformation and the like can be met by using very thin stainless steel, the smaller eddy current loss can be met by using thin-wall stainless steel with low conductivity, and a quickly-changed magnetic field can enter the vacuum chamber without attenuation. These all can reduce the magnet aperture and realize little magnet energy storage, have also reduced the requirement and the energy consumption to the power to reduce magnet aperture and power requirement, effectively reduce manufacturing and operation cost.
It should be understood that the number of the deflection dipole magnets can be adjusted by changing the deflection angle of the deflection dipole magnets, or the relative positions of the horizontal focusing quadrupole magnets 21, 22, 23, 24, the injection cut magnet 41, the injection impact magnet 42, the extraction impact magnet 51 and the extraction cut magnet 52 can be adjusted according to the space utilization requirements, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes may be made in the above embodiments of the present invention. All simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present patent application. The invention has not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrahigh-dose-rate medical proton synchrotron, comprising:
the first deflection dipolar magnet group, the second deflection dipolar magnet group, the third deflection dipolar magnet group and the fourth deflection dipolar magnet group are connected in sequence, and the fourth deflection dipolar magnet group is connected with the first deflection dipolar magnet group to form a ring structure, wherein each deflection dipolar magnet group is composed of at least two deflection dipolar magnets, and the sum of deflection angles of the deflection dipolar magnets is 90 degrees;
a first linear section connected between the fourth deflection dipole magnet group and the first deflection dipole magnet group, the first linear section including a first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet, an injection cutting magnet and an injection impact magnet, wherein the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is disposed adjacent to the fourth deflection dipole magnet group, the first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is disposed adjacent to the first deflection dipole magnet group, and the injection cutting magnet and the injection impact magnet are connected to the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet;
the second linear section is connected between the first deflection dipolar magnet group and the second deflection dipolar magnet group and comprises a second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet and a leading-out impact magnet, wherein the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the first deflection dipolar magnet group, the second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the second deflection dipolar magnet group, and the leading-out impact magnet is connected with the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet;
a third linear section connected between the second deflection dipole magnet group and the third deflection dipole magnet group, the third linear section comprising a third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet and a lead-out cutting magnet, wherein the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the second deflection dipole magnet group, the third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the third deflection dipole magnet group, and the lead-out cutting magnet is connected with the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet;
a fourth linear section connected between the third deflection dipole magnet group and the fourth deflection dipole magnet group, the fourth linear section including a fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet, a fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet and a high-frequency accelerating device, wherein the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the third deflection dipole magnet group, the fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet is arranged close to the fourth deflection dipole magnet group, and the high-frequency accelerating device is connected with the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet;
the proton is injected into the medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dosage rate through the injection cutting magnet and the injection impact magnet, the energy is promoted under the action of the high-frequency accelerating device, the proton enters the extraction cutting magnet under the action of the extraction impact magnet and is extracted from the medical proton synchrotron with ultrahigh dosage rate, and the cycle frequency of the proton is up to 25 Hz.
2. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the first, second, third, and/or fourth deflection dipole magnet groups are composed of two deflection dipole magnets connected in series with deflection angles of 45 degrees, respectively, or three deflection dipole magnets connected in series with deflection angles of 30 degrees, respectively, or four deflection dipole magnets connected in series with deflection angles of 22.5 degrees, respectively.
3. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the implant cut magnet and the implant strike magnet are connected between the first set of horizontal focusing quadrupole magnets and the fourth set of deflection dipole magnets.
4. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the implant cut magnet and the implant strike magnet are connected between the first horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the first horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
5. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein. The extraction impact magnet is connected between the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the first deflection dipole magnet group.
6. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the extraction shock magnet is connected between the second horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the second horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
7. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the extraction cutting magnet is connected between the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the second deflection dipole magnet set.
8. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the extraction cut magnet is connected between the third horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the third horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
9. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the high frequency accelerator is connected between the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the third deflection dipole magnet set.
10. The ultra-high dose rate medical proton synchrotron of claim 1, wherein the high frequency accelerator is connected between the fourth horizontal focusing quadrupole magnet and the fourth horizontal defocusing quadrupole magnet.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115003004A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-02 | 国科离子医疗科技有限公司 | Miniaturized ion synchrotron |
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