CN113376109A - Device and method for on-line detection of burnout degree of pulverized coal boiler based on spectral analysis - Google Patents
Device and method for on-line detection of burnout degree of pulverized coal boiler based on spectral analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN113376109A CN113376109A CN202110616089.4A CN202110616089A CN113376109A CN 113376109 A CN113376109 A CN 113376109A CN 202110616089 A CN202110616089 A CN 202110616089A CN 113376109 A CN113376109 A CN 113376109A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/122—Kinetic analysis; determining reaction rate
- G01N2201/1222—Endpoint determination; reaction time determination
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for on-line detecting burnout degree of a pulverized coal boiler based on spectral analysis, wherein a spectrometer is communicated with a notebook computer through a serial bus, a detector is divided into a front cavity and a rear cavity, the front end of the front cavity is provided with an opening, a quartz lens for protecting a lens is arranged at the opening, a support frame is arranged in the front cavity and used for supporting an armored optical fiber in the front cavity, the front end of the armored optical fiber is provided with a collimating lens, the front end of the collimating lens is aligned with the opening, and the tail end of the armored optical fiber is connected with the spectrometer in the rear cavity, so that the on-line detection of the burnout degree of the pulverized coal boiler can be realized, the surface temperature and the emissivity of coal coke particles are obtained through spectral analysis calculation according to the radiation spectrum of the coal coke in a visible light wave band, the spectral emissivity distribution of the coal coke particles in a heat radiation wave band is obtained, the burnout degree of the coal coke is calculated under the condition of known temperature and emissivity, and the different heights, the burnout degree of the pulverized coal boiler are established, The relation between different burnout degrees can realize on-line real-time detection, and obtain real-time combustion rate and apparent kinetic parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal analysis research, in particular to a device and a method for detecting the burnout degree of a pulverized coal boiler on line based on spectral analysis.
Background
Coal is always an important primary energy source for economic and social development in China, and the influence of high efficiency and clean utilization of coal on economic development and ecological environment is of far-reaching significance. Coal resources occupy a very critical position in the energy of China, and the rapid development of national economy is effectively supported. The normal operation of the utility boiler is the basis of the safe operation of the power station, so that the combustion state in the hearth of the utility boiler can be judged quickly, timely and accurately. For a coal-fired generator set, the calorific value of coal coke can account for 95% of the total calorific value of coal, and the burnout time of the coal coke accounts for more than 90% of the time required by the whole combustion, so the combustion efficiency and the burnout time of the coal are mainly determined by the coal coke, the burnout degree of the coal coke in the furnace determines the utilization degree of the coal dust to a great extent, the burnout degree of the coal dust is an important index for measuring the utilization degree of the coal dust, and the coal dust is required to be completely combusted in a short time in the actual combustion process. According to the burnout detection results of different heights in the furnace, the burning of the coal coke in the furnace can be better organized, the burning efficiency of the pulverized coal is improved, the usage amount of coal is reduced, and the CO2 emission reduction pressure is reduced.
Patent No. CN105527255A discloses an on-line monitoring system for coal quality characteristics of as-fired coal, which comprises a sampling unit, a plasma spectrum analysis unit, a sample storage unit, a three-way particle flow measurement unit and a sample returning unit, but the sampling pipeline of the method is still relatively complex, the method is inconvenient in experiments, lacks detection and analysis of the burnout degree of the boiler, cannot realize on-line real-time detection, cannot obtain real-time combustion rate and apparent kinetic parameters, the current research method of the burnout degree of the pulverized coal boiler is mainly a way sampling method, the method calculates the corresponding burnout degrees according to the component changes of the coal cokes collected at different heights, the calculation method of the burnout degrees is mainly an ash tracing method, according to the method, the ash content in the coal sample is assumed to be kept unchanged before and after combustion, and the separation proportion of combustible substances in the coal, namely the burnout degree, is calculated according to the change of the mass fraction of the ash content before and after combustion. The detection method can only collect the burnout degree of the coal coke close to the sampling point (fire observation hole), cannot detect the burnout degree of the coal coke close to the center of the hearth, cannot represent the whole level of the burnout degree at the detection height, cannot perform real-time in-situ detection, and can obtain the real-time combustion rate and the apparent kinetic parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for detecting the burnout degree of the pulverized coal boiler on line based on spectral analysis. According to the radiation spectrum of the coal coke in a visible light wave band (200nm-1100nm), the surface temperature and emissivity of the coal coke particles are obtained through spectral analysis and calculation, the spectral emissivity distribution of the coal coke particles in the heat radiation wave band is obtained, the coal coke burnout degree is calculated under the condition of known temperature and emissivity, and the relationship between different heights and different burnout degrees in the coal powder furnace is established. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize on-line real-time detection and obtain real-time combustion rate and apparent kinetic parameters.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: device based on spectral analysis on-line measuring pulverized coal boiler degree of burning out, including detector and the notebook computer that is equipped with control software, the spectrum appearance passes through serial bus and notebook computer communication, its characterized in that, two cavitys around the detector divide into, and preceding cavity front end is equipped with the trompil, and trompil department is equipped with the quartz lens that is used for the protective lens, and inside is provided with the support frame for support the armor optic fibre in the preceding cavity, and the collimating lens is equipped with to the armor optic fibre front end, and the trompil is aimed at to the collimating lens front end, and the tail end links to each other with the spectrum appearance in the back cavity, and longer preceding cavity is used for inserting in the boiler sees the fire hole.
Furthermore, the lower end of the rear cavity is provided with a grab handle, and the upper end of the rear cavity is provided with a carrying handle.
Furthermore, the shell of the detector is made of 304 stainless steel and can resist high temperature.
The detection method of the device for detecting the burnout degree of the pulverized coal fired boiler on line based on the spectral analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: after the pulverized coal furnace measuring device is installed and a serial bus is used for connecting a notebook computer, the whole system starts to operate, the front end of a front cavity of the measuring device, which is provided with armored optical fibers, is inserted into a fire observation hole, and a fire retardant plate can be installed at the fire observation hole in order to prevent operators from being burnt by high-temperature gas or pulverized coal sprayed from the fire observation hole;
s2: the light in the hearth is transmitted to a spectrometer through optical fibers to collect a spectrum image of the combustion condition of the pulverized coal furnace in the power station, after image data collection is completed, image information is transmitted to a notebook computer through a serial bus transmission function, and a program on the notebook computer performs data processing through an algorithm;
s3: calculating a temperature and emissivity distribution image of the cross section of the hearth according to the spectral radiation intensity through the collected spectral distribution diagram of each layer of the pulverized coal furnace, and calculating the pulverized coal burnout degree of the coal coke particles under the conditions of different temperatures and different spectral emissivity through a function model epsilon of spectral emissivity, temperature and burnout degree;
s4: changing the position of a probe of the detection device, repeating the steps 1,2 and 3 to obtain the temperature and emissivity distribution maps of the pulverized coal furnace under different working conditions, and calculating the burnout degree of the pulverized coal.
Further, during the acquisition process described in S2, the integration time may be adjusted to ensure that the spectral image data acquired by the spectrometer is not saturated and has a high signal-to-noise ratio.
Further, the step S3The spectral radiant intensity in (a) is expressed as:
the spectral emissivity of the char particles in the thermal radiation band may be expressed as:
wherein, Ib(λiT) is the blackbody radiation intensity, I (lambda)iT) is the spectral radiation intensity with the unit of W/m-3; ε (λ)i) Is the spectral emissivity of the char particles; c1 is the Planck first radiation constant, i.e., 1.1910X 108W·μm4·m-2·sr-1，λiIs the wavelength in m; c2 is the Planck second radiation constant, i.e., 1.4388X 10-2m·K。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pulverized coal boiler burnout degree detection device based on spectral analysis can realize the online detection of the pulverized coal boiler burnout degree. According to the radiation spectrum of the coal coke in a visible light wave band (200nm-1100nm), the surface temperature and emissivity of the coal coke particles are obtained through spectral analysis and calculation, the spectral emissivity distribution of the coal coke particles in the heat radiation wave band is obtained, the coal coke burnout degree is calculated under the condition of known temperature and emissivity, and the relationship between different heights and different burnout degrees in the coal powder furnace is established. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize on-line real-time detection and obtain real-time combustion rate and apparent kinetic parameters.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for on-line detection of burnout of a pulverized coal boiler based on spectral analysis.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting a spectral signal in a thermal radiation band of coke particles.
Fig. 3 is a field measurement diagram.
Wherein, 1-collimating lens; 2-opening a hole; 3-a support frame; 4-armored optical fiber; 5-front cavity; 6-rear cavity; 7-carrying the handle; 8-a spectrometer; 9-serial bus; 10-a handle; 11-notebook computer, 12-burette furnace; 13-a lifting platform; 14-an optical fiber; 15-valve.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-3, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention can be more clearly and clearly defined.
The device for detecting the burnout degree of the pulverized coal boiler on line based on the spectral analysis is shown in figure 1 and mainly comprises a detector and a notebook computer 11 with control software. The detector is divided into a front cavity and a rear cavity, and the shell is made of 304 stainless steel and can resist high temperature. The front end of the front cavity 5 is provided with an opening 2, the opening 2 is provided with a quartz lens for protecting the lens, and a support frame 3 is arranged inside the opening and used for supporting the armored optical fiber 4 in the front cavity 5. The front end of the armored optical fiber 4 is provided with the collimating lens 1, which can ensure that the parallel light entering the armored optical fiber 4 in the front view direction of the probe. The front end of the collimating lens 1 is aligned with the opening 2, and the tail end is connected with a spectrometer 8 in the rear cavity 6. The longer front cavity 5 is used to be inserted into the fire hole of the boiler to obtain a better view and keep the spectrometer 8 in the rear cavity 6 away from high temperature. The spectrometer 8 is communicated with the notebook computer 11 through the serial bus 9, the spectral response range is 200-1100nm, and the acquired spectral data is recorded and processed by the notebook computer 11. In addition, the lower end of the rear cavity 6 is provided with a grab handle 10, and the upper end is provided with a carrying handle 7, so that the carrying and detection are convenient.
When the burnout degree is detected on site, the detector is connected with the notebook computer 11 by the serial bus 9, and then the front cavity 5 of the detector is inserted into a boiler fire observation hole and is aligned to a hearth region needing to detect the burnout degree. The spectrometer 8 in the rear cavity 6 of the detector is controlled by a notebook computer 11, spectrum data is collected, and the burnout degree of the pulverized coal is calculated.
The principle of detecting the burnout degree of the pulverized coal based on spectral analysis is as follows:
the spectrum signal collected by the detection device mainly comprises a continuous spectrum generated by the heat radiation of the coal coke in the hearth and an alkali metal characteristic spectrum, and the continuous spectrum generated by the heat radiation of the coal coke is obtained according to a spectrum separation algorithm of polynomial fitting after the alkali metal characteristic spectrum is removed.
According to the thermal radiation theorem, the spectral radiant intensity of a single-particle coal char can be expressed as:
in the formula (1), Ib(λiT) is the blackbody radiation intensity, I (lambda)iT) is spectral radiation intensity, W/m-3; ε (λ)i) Is the spectral emissivity of the char particles; c1 is the first radiation constant of Planck, 1.1910X 108W·μm4·m-2·sr-1，λiIs the wavelength, m; c2 is the Planck second radiation constant, 1.4388 × 10-2m·K。
The spectral response band is divided into M narrow-band spectral windows, each narrow-band having i wavelengths and for the mth narrow-band having
Im＝[I(λ1,Tm),I(λ2,Tm),L I(λi,Tm)],m＝1,2,L M (2)
In the above formula ImFor the spectral radiation intensity in the mth narrow band, W/m3, the spectral radiation intensity in the narrow band is normalized as:
similarly, the normalized standard Planck radiation intensity matrix is:
the similarity of the radiation intensity curve of the real object to the standard Planck curve is defined as the distance between different sets of spatial points, compared at different temperatures, and calculated from the distance similarities, and the distance vector is calculated as:
t in equation (6)1,T2,L TNRepresenting the possible temperature range of the char particles, the N elements representing the distance of the measured spectral intensity curve from the Planck black body radiation curve in the narrow band spectral window at different temperatures, and the Mahalanobis distance for any element N1, 2, L, N to measure the difference between the measured spectral radiation intensity and the standard Planck radiation intensity, effectively calculating the similarity between the two samples, where the Mahalanobis distance dm(Tn) Comprises the following steps:
wherein d ism(Tn) To represent TnMahalanobis distance at temperature; cov denotes covariance. The greater the correlation distance between the curves, the weaker the correlation between the spectral radiant intensity curve measured by the spectrometer and the standard planck radiant intensity curve. Conversely, a smaller distance coefficient gives a stronger correlation. When the sum of distances in the spectral window is minimized, the corresponding temperature is equal to the corresponding measured temperature in the current spectral window:
and (3) taking the average value of the calculated temperatures in all the narrow-band spectrum windows to obtain the final inversion temperature of the coal tar particles as follows:
the spectral emissivity of the char particles in the thermal radiation band may be expressed as:
the spectral emissivity of the coke particles at different temperatures and different burnout degrees is obtained by the algorithm, the required data is acquired by the experiment on the dropping-tube furnace, the experiment is developed on the device shown in figure 2, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
1. five kinds of domestic power soft coal are selected: preparing coal coke particles with different burnout degrees by using a tubular furnace, and screening the prepared coal coke into single particles;
2. a high-temperature atmosphere is generated by the dropping-tube furnace 12, and the furnace is set to be N2Atmosphere, furnace temperature set to 1400K, platinum rhodium filament thermocouple for N measurement2Temperature distribution of a reaction section in the furnace under the atmosphere;
3. injecting single-particle coke into the single-particle injection hole by using an injector, and collecting spectral data from a visual window of the burette furnace 12 by using a fiber optic spectrometer;
4. adjusting the proportion of air to realize temperature regulation, and measuring the temperature of the visual window position of the burette furnace 12 under each working condition by a platinum-rhodium filament thermocouple for verifying the accuracy of spectral temperature measurement;
5. measuring to obtain spectral data under different temperatures and different burnout degrees, obtaining spectral emissivity distribution under various working conditions by using the algorithm, and establishing a function model epsilon (T, burnout) of the spectral emissivity, the temperature and the burnout degree of the coal coke particles in a 200nm-1100nm wave band;
different coal experiments are repeated, and the coal powder burnout degree can be directly solved.
The burnout degree measurement method can comprise the following steps of on-site measurement:
s1: after the pulverized coal furnace measuring device is installed and the serial bus 9 is connected with the notebook computer 11, the whole system starts to operate. The front end of the front cavity of the measuring device provided with the armored optical fiber 4 is inserted into the fire observation hole, and a fire retardant plate can be arranged at the fire observation hole in order to prevent high-temperature gas or coal powder sprayed from the fire observation hole from burning operators.
S2: the light inside the hearth is transmitted to the spectrometer 8 through the optical fiber to acquire the spectral image of the combustion condition of the pulverized coal furnace of the power station, the proper integration time can be adjusted in the acquisition process so as to ensure that the spectral image data acquired by the spectrometer 8 is unsaturated, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, after the image data acquisition is completed, the image information is transmitted to the notebook computer 11 through the transmission function of the serial bus 9, and the program on the notebook computer 11 performs data processing through an algorithm.
S3: and calculating a temperature and emissivity distribution image of the cross section of the hearth according to the spectral radiation intensity by the collected spectral distribution diagram of each layer of the pulverized coal furnace, and calculating the pulverized coal burnout degree of the coal coke particles under the conditions of different temperatures and different spectral emissivity by using a function model epsilon of the spectral emissivity, the temperature and the burnout degree obtained by the experiment.
And S4, changing the position of the probe of the detection device, repeating the steps 1,2 and 3 to obtain the temperature and emissivity distribution maps of the pulverized coal furnace under different working conditions, and calculating the burnout degree of the pulverized coal.
According to the detection device and the detection method provided by the invention, the online detection of the burnout degrees of different heights and areas in the hearth can be realized, burnout degree distribution images corresponding to different heights are established according to different working conditions, and the relationship between the burnout degree and the height in the furnace can be further obtained after the burnout degree distribution images are processed by the notebook computer 11. Fig. 3 shows a field test chart of the measuring device.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. Device based on spectral analysis on-line measuring pulverized coal boiler degree of burning out, including detector and the notebook computer that is equipped with control software, the spectrum appearance passes through serial bus and notebook computer communication, its characterized in that, two cavitys around the detector divide into, and preceding cavity front end is equipped with the trompil, and trompil department is equipped with the quartz lens that is used for the protective lens, and inside is provided with the support frame for support the armor optic fibre in the preceding cavity, and the collimating lens is equipped with to the armor optic fibre front end, and the trompil is aimed at to the collimating lens front end, and the tail end links to each other with the spectrum appearance in the back cavity, and longer preceding cavity is used for inserting in the boiler sees the fire hole.
2. The device for on-line detection of the burnout degree of the pulverized coal fired boiler based on the spectral analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein a grab handle is installed at the lower end of the rear cavity, and a carrying handle is installed at the upper end of the rear cavity.
3. The device for on-line detection of the burnout degree of the pulverized coal fired boiler based on the spectral analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detector shell is made of 304 stainless steel and can withstand high temperature.
4. The detection method of the device for detecting the burnout degree of the pulverized coal fired boiler on line based on the spectral analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: after the pulverized coal furnace measuring device is installed and a serial bus is used for connecting a notebook computer, the whole system starts to operate, the front end of a front cavity of the measuring device, which is provided with armored optical fibers, is inserted into a fire observation hole, and a fire retardant plate can be installed at the fire observation hole in order to prevent operators from being burnt by high-temperature gas or pulverized coal sprayed from the fire observation hole;
s2: the light in the hearth is transmitted to a spectrometer through optical fibers to collect a spectrum image of the combustion condition of the pulverized coal furnace in the power station, after image data collection is completed, image information is transmitted to a notebook computer through a serial bus transmission function, and a program on the notebook computer performs data processing through an algorithm;
s3: calculating a temperature and emissivity distribution image of the cross section of the hearth according to the spectral radiation intensity through the collected spectral distribution diagram of each layer of the pulverized coal furnace, and calculating the pulverized coal burnout degree of the coal coke particles under the conditions of different temperatures and different spectral emissivity through a function model epsilon of spectral emissivity, temperature and burnout degree;
s4: changing the position of a probe of the detection device, repeating the steps 1,2 and 3 to obtain the temperature and emissivity distribution maps of the pulverized coal furnace under different working conditions, and calculating the burnout degree of the pulverized coal.
5. The detection method for on-line detection of burnout of pulverized coal boiler based on spectral analysis as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the collection process in S2, the integration time is adjusted to ensure that the spectral image data collected by the spectrometer is not saturated and has high signal-to-noise ratio.
6. The method for detecting the on-line detection device of the burnout degree of the pulverized coal boiler based on the spectral analysis as claimed in claim 4, wherein the spectral radiation intensity in S3 is expressed as:
the spectral emissivity of the char particles in the thermal radiation band may be expressed as:
wherein, Ib(λiT) is the blackbody radiation intensity, I (lambda)iT) is the spectral radiation intensity with the unit of W/m-3; ε (λ)i) Is the spectral emissivity of the char particles; c1 is the Planck first radiation constant, i.e., 1.1910X 108W·μm4·m-2·sr-1，λiIs the wavelength in m; c2 is the Planck second radiation constant, i.e., 1.4388X 10-2m·K。
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| CN202111589371.4A CN114047154B (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2021-12-23 | Device and method for online measurement of burnout degree of pulverized coal boiler based on spectral analysis |
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| CN114280268A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-04-05 | 国家电投集团宁夏能源铝业有限公司临河发电分公司 | System and method for managing coking condition in boiler based on Alot |
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| US4652755A (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1987-03-24 | Advanced Fuel Research, Inc. | Method and apparatus for analyzing particle-containing gaseous suspensions |
| US5327356A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1994-07-05 | Wahlco Environmental Systems, Inc. | Emissions spectral radiometer/fuel flow instrument |
| US5112215A (en) * | 1991-06-20 | 1992-05-12 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Apparatus for combustion, pollution and chemical process control |
| DE19632174C2 (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 2002-02-07 | Abb Research Ltd | Temperature measurement method |
| US20040259234A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2004-12-23 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Detection and analysis of chemical and biological materials |
| US8199321B2 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2012-06-12 | Applied Spectra, Inc. | Laser ablation apparatus and method |
| WO2011072730A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | Abb Research Ltd | Optical flame sensor |
| CN104849260B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-08-01 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of online test method of gas phase alkali metal concn in boiler combustion flame |
| US11248963B2 (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2022-02-15 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Equipment and method for three-dimensional radiance and gas species field estimation in an open combustion environment |
| CN108872102B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-10-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for measuring two-dimensional gas-phase Na concentration field and temperature field of boiler |
| CN109855738A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-06-07 | 中国矿业大学 | The boiler combustion diagnostic device and diagnostic method of portable coupling spectrum and image |
| CN110207830A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-06 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of the imaging sensor caliberating device and scaling method in nonblackbody radiation source |
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| CN114280268A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-04-05 | 国家电投集团宁夏能源铝业有限公司临河发电分公司 | System and method for managing coking condition in boiler based on Alot |
| CN114280268B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-03-08 | 国家电投集团宁夏能源铝业有限公司临河发电分公司 | Alot-based boiler internal coking condition management system and method |
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