CN107449864B - Multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and evaluation method - Google Patents
Multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation method comprise a cable trench well simulation chamber, a radiation heating device, a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate, an analytical balance, an overload and overcurrent simulation device, a temperature measurement device, a gas analysis device, an optical smoke density measurement device, a data acquisition system, an integrated control console, a variable frequency fan and a smoke acquisition pipeline. The measuring end of the optical smoke density measuring device comprises a red light direct radiation light source, a blue light direct radiation light source and a scattering light source, a cable to be measured is arranged on a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate, a power supply is turned on, two thermocouples are arranged on the surface and inside of the cable to be measured, an analytical balance, an optical smoke density measuring device and a gas analyzing device are debugged, the wind speed of a variable-frequency fan is selected, an overload, overcurrent and/or external heat source radiation fire scene is selected, and simulation test is started. The invention can simulate various fire scenes on the same platform and perform composite research on the quality loss, temperature change, smoke components and smoke shading performance of the cable in the case of cable fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cable fire smoke property and detection technology scientific research platform, in particular to a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation method.
Background
Cables are widely used in various places as a main medium for power transmission and information transfer. For convenience of management and maintenance, a concentrated arrangement of cables has become a trend that a large number of ground power lines are changed into cable trenches "under the ground", and the number and scale of cable shafts in a building are also increasing, with a consequent sharp increase in the number of fire accidents in the cable trenches (or cable shafts) caused by various fire causes. Once a fire hazard occurs to the cable, the fire spread rapidly, the fire is violent, can also release a large amount of toxic gases such as flue gas, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide simultaneously, not only can burn a large amount of cables and equipment, still can cause personnel's injures and deaths even.
The cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform is mainly used for researching cable fire smoke properties and detection technologies. However, the existing cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform can only simulate a single fire cause, has poor connectivity between research conclusions in different fire scenes, and cannot comprehensively consider the influence of different fire causes on detection response criteria; in addition, the existing platform can not measure the quality change of the cable, can not carry out integrated research on the light shielding performance and the smoke components, and the optical smoke density measuring device adopts a single light source, and the smoke has different effects on different light sources, such as stronger scattering effect of white smoke on light and stronger absorption effect of black smoke on light; the flue gas analysis equipment can not detect the concentration change of the hydrogen chloride gas, and the hydrogen chloride gas as a characteristic gas in the flue gas of the cable fire has important significance in the aspects of flue gas properties and detection technology research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation method, and solves the technical problems that three main firing scenes, namely overload scene, overcurrent scene and external heat source radiation, cannot be simulated on the same platform, the influence of different smoke on light source measurement accuracy and the evaluation of characteristic gas hydrogen chloride cannot be carried out in the conventional cable smoke parameter evaluation.
The technical scheme of the invention is that a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform with the following structure is provided, and comprises a cable trench well simulation chamber, a radiation heating device, a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate, an analytical balance, an overload and overcurrent simulation device, a temperature measurement device, a gas analysis device, an optical smoke density measurement device, a data acquisition system, an integrated console, a variable frequency fan and a smoke acquisition pipeline;
the overload and overcurrent simulation device comprises an overload and overcurrent simulation device current rising device and an overload and overcurrent simulation device connector, the temperature measurement device comprises a temperature measurement device analysis module and a temperature measurement device probe, the gas analysis device comprises a gas analysis device analyzer, the optical smoke density measurement device comprises an optical smoke density measurement device analysis module and an optical smoke density measurement device measurement end, the optical smoke density measurement device measurement end comprises a red light direct light source, a blue light direct light source and a scattering light source, and the integrated control console comprises an integrated control console control module and an integrated control console operation module;
the device comprises an overload and overcurrent simulation device riser, a temperature measurement device analysis module, a gas analysis device analyzer, an optical smoke density measurement device analysis module, a data acquisition system and an integrated console control module, wherein the overload and overcurrent simulation device riser, the temperature measurement device analysis module, the gas analysis device analyzer, the optical smoke density measurement device analysis module, the data acquisition system and the integrated console control module are arranged in an instrument cavity of an evaluation platform;
the analytical balance, the temperature measuring device, the gas analyzing device and the optical smoke density measuring device are electrically connected with the data acquisition system, and the integrated control console operation module is used for controlling the power supply start and stop of the evaluation platform, the current value of the overload overcurrent simulation device, the heat radiation flux value of the radiation heating device and the wind speed of the variable frequency fan.
The multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform is characterized in that two radiation heating devices are arranged, and the two radiation heating devices are obliquely and symmetrically arranged above a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate.
The multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform is characterized in that a cable trench well simulation chamber is internally provided with an air supply opening, and the air supply opening is positioned at a corner far away from a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate.
The invention relates to a multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform, wherein connectors of an overload and overcurrent simulation device are of a spiral compression joint type structure and are distributed on the left side and the right side of a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate.
The invention relates to a multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform, wherein the number of probes of a temperature measuring device is two, and the two probes are all thermocouples.
In addition, the invention also provides an evaluation method of the multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a cable to be tested on a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate;
s2, turning on a power supply of the evaluation platform, respectively installing two thermocouples on the surface and inside of the cable to be tested, debugging the analytical balance, the optical smoke density measuring device and the gas analyzing device, and selecting the wind speed of the variable frequency fan;
s3, selecting overload, overcurrent and/or external heat source radiation fire scenes, and starting corresponding simulation tests;
s4, observing and recording the change of the cable to be tested and the change of the smoke in the test process;
s5, judging whether a preset ending scene can be reached, if not, stopping the test, repeating the steps S1-S5 until the preset ending scene is reached, and if so, stopping the test when the preset scene is reached;
s6, obtaining original evaluation data from a data acquisition system;
and S7, disconnecting the power supply of the evaluation platform and arranging the evaluation platform.
After the structure is adopted, compared with the prior art, the multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and the evaluation method have the following advantages:
1. the arrangement of the overload and overcurrent simulation device and the radiation heating device ensures that three main firing scenes, namely overload, overcurrent and external heat source radiation, can be simulated on the same platform, and the integration of three main firing reasons, namely cable overload, overcurrent and external heat source radiation, is realized;
2. an analytical balance is added, so that the change condition of the mass loss of the cable can be measured;
3. the temperature measuring device can measure the internal and external temperatures of the cable sample at the same time;
4. the concentration change of six gases of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxynitride, hydrogen chloride and alkane in the fire smoke of the cable can be measured simultaneously;
5. in consideration of the response sensitivity of the existing photoelectric probe to a light source, the invention utilizes the characteristics that blue light is accurate in measuring small-particle-size smoke particles and red light is accurate in measuring large-particle-size smoke particles, adopts red light and blue light dual-band measurement, enlarges the measurable particle size range, eliminates detection blind spots of smoke particles with undersize or oversize particle sizes, and improves the measurement accuracy;
6. the smoke can be detected earlier by adopting direct injection and scattering measurement modes, and the black smoke can be detected earlier by utilizing the scattering measurement mode and the direct injection measurement mode has good detection effect on the black smoke, so that the smoke particles can be detected earlier and the measurement effect on the black smoke can be ensured.
In conclusion, the method is simple to operate, overcomes the defects that the conventional research platform is single in research scene and too few in measurement objects and methods, achieves the purpose of compound research on the quality loss, the temperature change, the smoke components and the smoke shading property of the cable fire, and can be used for the research on the smoke property of the cable fire and the compound detection alarm technology.
The two radiation heating devices are obliquely and symmetrically arranged above the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate, so that the radiation heating and simulation effects are better.
The arrangement of the air supply opening ensures that the simulation effect of the invention is more real.
Establish overload analogue means connector for spiral crimping formula structure, and distribute in the left and right sides of high temperature resistant ceramic plate, except having the original function of connector, still can regard as the sample fixation clamp to use, provide convenience for the test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged top view of the refractory ceramic plate panel of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section enlarged structure of a direct light source in a multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross section amplification structure of a scattering light source in a multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the invention for cable fire smoke evaluation test.
Detailed Description
The multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and the evaluation method of the invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific implementation manners:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to the present invention includes a cable trench well simulation chamber 1, a radiation heating device 4, a high temperature resistant ceramic plate 5, an analytical balance 6, an overload and overcurrent simulation device 3, a temperature measurement device 7, a gas analysis device 10, an optical smoke density measurement device 11, a data acquisition system 14, an integrated console 15, a variable frequency fan 12, and a smoke acquisition pipeline 9.
The overload and overcurrent simulation device 3 comprises an overload and overcurrent simulation device current booster 3a and an overload and overcurrent simulation device connector 3b; the temperature measuring device 7 comprises a temperature measuring device analysis module 7a and two temperature measuring device probes 7b; the gas analysis device 10 includes a gas analysis device analyzer 10a; the optical smoke density measuring device 11 comprises an optical smoke density measuring device analysis module 11a and an optical smoke density measuring device measuring end 11b, wherein the optical smoke density measuring device measuring end 11b comprises a red light direct light source, a blue light direct light source and a scattering light source; the integrated console 15 includes an integrated console control module 15a and an integrated console operation module 15b.
The overload overcurrent simulator current rising device 3a, the temperature measuring device analysis module 7a, the gas analysis device analyzer 10a, the optical smoke density measuring device analysis module 11a, the data acquisition system 14 and the integrated control console control module 15a are arranged in an instrument cavity of the evaluation platform, and the integrated control console operation module 15b is arranged on the top surface of the evaluation platform. The radiation heating device 4, the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate 5, the overload and overcurrent simulation device connector 3b, the analytical balance 6 and the temperature measuring device probe 7b are positioned in the cable trench well simulation chamber 1. High temperature resistant ceramic plate 5 is adorned at 6 tops of analytical balance through the transfer line, and it has two to overload analogue means connector 3b that overflows, and is spiral crimping formula structure, can regard as the sample fixation clamp to use, for the test provides convenience, and these two overload analogue means connectors 3b that overflow install respectively in the top surface left and right sides of high temperature resistant ceramic plate 5. The two temperature measuring device probes 7b are thermocouples which are mounted on the top surface of the high temperature resistant ceramic plate 5 and are distributed on the front and rear sides of the right-end overload overcurrent simulation device connector 3b (see fig. 2). The number of the radiation heating devices 4 is two, and the radiation heating devices are obliquely and symmetrically arranged above the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate 5, and the inclination angle alpha is 50 degrees. An air supply opening 2 is arranged in the cable trench well simulation chamber 1, and the air supply opening 2 is positioned at a corner far away from the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate 5 (the position of the upper left corner of the cable trench well simulation chamber 1 in the figure 1).
The smoke inlet 8 of the smoke collection pipeline 9 is communicated with the cable trench well simulation chamber 1, three correlation small holes are transversely formed in the side wall of the smoke collection pipeline 9, and the red light direct light source, the blue light direct light source and the scattering light source are respectively installed in the three correlation small holes. Referring to fig. 3, an optical power meter 11b2 is installed on the side wall of the flue gas collection pipeline 9, and the optical power meter 11b2 is located right opposite to the direct light source 11b 1; referring to fig. 4, a polarizer 11b4 and an electro-optic modulator 11b5 are disposed between the scattering light source 11b3 and the side wall of the flue gas collection duct 9, a photomultiplier tube 11b7 is mounted on the side wall of the flue gas collection duct 9, the photomultiplier tube 11b7 is located right opposite to the scattering light source 11b3, and a polarizer 11b4 and a 1/4 wave plate 11b6 are disposed between the photomultiplier tube 11b7 and the side wall of the flue gas collection duct 9. The variable frequency fan 12 is arranged at a smoke outlet 13 of the smoke collection pipeline 9 and used for extracting smoke, a hose connector 10b is arranged on the side wall of the smoke collection pipeline 9, a hose is arranged on the hose connector 10b, and the gas analysis device analyzer 10a is communicated with the smoke collection pipeline 9 through the hose.
The optical power meter 11b2 and the photomultiplier tube 11b7 are electrically connected with the optical smoke density measuring device analysis module 11 a. The analytical balance 6, the temperature measuring device 7, the gas analyzing device 10 and the optical smoke density measuring device 11 are electrically connected with the data acquisition system 14, and the data acquisition system 14 acquires data measured by the analytical balance 6, the temperature measuring device 7, the gas analyzing device 10 and the optical smoke density measuring device 11. The integrated control console operation module 15b is used for controlling the power supply start and stop of the evaluation platform, the current value of the overload overcurrent simulation device 3, the heat radiation flux value of the radiation heating device 4 and the wind speed of the variable frequency fan 12.
The gas analysis device 10 can analyze the concentration change conditions of six gases, namely oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxynitride, hydrogen chloride and alkane, and three light sources, namely a red light direct light source, a blue light direct light source and a scattering light source, in the optical smoke density measurement device 11 can be used for measurement at the same time.
With reference to fig. 5, the method for evaluating the multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, mounting a cable to be tested on a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate 5;
s2, turning on a power supply of the evaluation platform, respectively installing two thermocouples on the surface and inside of the cable to be tested, debugging the analytical balance 6, the optical smoke density measuring device 11 and the gas analyzing device 10, and selecting the wind speed of the variable frequency fan 12;
s3, selecting overload, overcurrent and/or external heat source radiation fire scenes, and starting corresponding simulation tests;
s4, observing and recording the change of the cable to be tested and the change of the smoke in the test process;
s5, judging whether a preset ending scene can be reached, if not, stopping the test, repeating the steps S1-S5 until the preset ending scene is reached, and if so, stopping the test when the preset scene is reached;
s6, obtaining original evaluation data from the data acquisition system 14;
and S7, disconnecting the power supply of the evaluation platform and arranging the evaluation platform.
The multi-scene cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform and the evaluation method have the following advantages:
1. the arrangement of the overload and overcurrent simulation device and the radiation heating device ensures that three main firing scenes, namely overload, overcurrent and external heat source radiation, can be simulated on the same platform, and the integration of three main firing reasons, namely cable overload, overcurrent and external heat source radiation, is realized;
2. an analytical balance is added, so that the change condition of the mass loss of the cable can be measured;
3. the temperature measuring device can measure the internal and external temperatures of the cable sample at the same time;
4. the concentration change of six gases of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxynitride, hydrogen chloride and alkane in the fire smoke of the cable can be measured simultaneously;
5. in consideration of the response sensitivity of the existing photoelectric probe to a light source, the invention utilizes the characteristics that blue light is accurate in measuring small-particle-size smoke particles and red light is accurate in measuring large-particle-size smoke particles, adopts red light and blue light dual-band measurement, enlarges the measurable particle size range, eliminates detection blind spots of smoke particles with undersize or oversize particle sizes, and improves the measurement accuracy;
6. the smoke can be detected earlier by adopting direct injection and scattering measurement modes, and the black smoke can be detected earlier by utilizing the scattering measurement mode and the direct injection measurement mode has good detection effect on the black smoke, so that the smoke particles can be detected earlier and the measurement effect on the black smoke can be ensured.
In conclusion, the method is simple to operate, overcomes the defects that the conventional research platform is single in research scene and too few in measurement objects and methods, achieves the purpose of compound research on the quality loss, the temperature change, the smoke components and the smoke shading property of the cable fire, and can be used for the research on the smoke property of the cable fire and the compound detection alarm technology. In addition, the overload overcurrent current, the radiant heating heat radiation flux and the fan extraction wind speed of the invention are adjustable, multi-scene cable fire simulation such as overload, overcurrent fire and external heat source baking fire can be realized, the cable quality, the cable core and external temperature, the light source power and the change of the oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxynitride, hydrogen chloride and alkane concentration in the smoke along with time can be measured and displayed, the invention can be used for scientific research of the smoke property, smoke composite detection technology and the like of cable fire with multiple fire causes, and a smoke parameter evaluation platform is provided for cable fire prevention, early detection and special fire detector development.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform which characterized in that: the system comprises a cable trench well simulation chamber (1), a radiant heating device (4), a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5), an analytical balance (6), an overload and overcurrent simulation device (3), a temperature measuring device (7), a gas analysis device (10), an optical smoke density measuring device (11), a data acquisition system (14), an integrated control console (15), a variable-frequency fan (12) and a smoke acquisition pipeline (9);
the overload and overcurrent simulation device (3) comprises an overload and overcurrent simulation device current booster (3 a) and an overload and overcurrent simulation device connector (3 b), the temperature measurement device (7) comprises a temperature measurement device analysis module (7 a) and two temperature measurement device probes (7 b), the gas analysis device (10) comprises a gas analysis device analyzer (10 a), the optical smoke density measurement device (11) comprises an optical smoke density measurement device analysis module (11 a) and an optical smoke density measurement device measurement end (11 b), the optical smoke density measurement device measurement end (11 b) comprises a red light direct light source, a direct blue light source and a scattering light source, and the integrated control console (15) comprises an integrated control console control module (15 a) and an integrated control console operation module (15 b);
the overload overcurrent simulator current rising device (3 a), the temperature measuring device analysis module (7 a), the gas analysis device analyzer (10 a), the optical smoke density measuring device analysis module (11 a), the data acquisition system (14) and the integrated console control module (15 a) are arranged in an instrument cavity of the evaluation platform, the integrated control console operation module (15 b) is arranged on the top surface of the evaluation platform, the radiation heating device (4), the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5), the overload overcurrent simulation device connector (3 b), the analytical balance (6) and the temperature measurement device probe (7 b) are positioned in the cable trench well simulation chamber (1), the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5) is arranged at the top of the analytical balance (6), the overload overcurrent simulation device connector (3 b) and the temperature measurement device probe (7 b) are arranged on the top surface of the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5), the radiation heating device (4) is arranged above the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5), the flue gas collecting pipeline (9) is communicated with the cable trench well simulation chamber (1), three opposite-shot small holes are transversely arranged on the side wall of the flue gas collecting pipeline (9), the red light direct light source, the blue light direct light source and the scattering light source are respectively arranged in the three opposite-emitting small holes, the variable frequency fan (12) is arranged at the smoke outlet (13) of the smoke collecting pipeline (9), the gas analysis device analyzer (10 a) is communicated with the smoke collection pipeline (9) through a hose;
the analysis balance (6), the temperature measuring device (7), the gas analysis device (10) and the optical smoke density measuring device (11) are electrically connected with the data acquisition system (14), and the integrated control console operation module (15 b) is used for controlling the power supply start and stop of the evaluation platform, the current value of the overload overcurrent simulation device (3), the heat radiation flux value of the radiation heating device (4) and the wind speed of the variable frequency fan (12).
2. The multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the radiation heating devices (4) is two, and the radiation heating devices are obliquely and symmetrically arranged above the high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5).
3. The multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the cable trench well simulation chamber (1) is internally provided with an air supplement port (2), and the air supplement port (2) is positioned at a corner far away from the high-temperature resistant ceramic plate (5).
4. The multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to claim 3, wherein: overload overflows analogue means connector (3 b) and is the spiral crimping formula structure, distributes in the left and right sides of high temperature resistant ceramic plate (5).
5. The multi-scenario cable fire smoke parameter evaluation platform according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature measuring device probe (7 b) is a thermocouple.
6. The method for evaluating the fire smoke parameter evaluation platform of the multi-scenario cable according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mounting a cable to be tested on a high-temperature-resistant ceramic plate (5);
s2, turning on a power supply of the evaluation platform, respectively installing two thermocouples on the surface and inside of the cable to be tested, debugging the analytical balance (6), the optical smoke density measuring device (11) and the gas analyzing device (10), and selecting the wind speed of the variable frequency fan (12);
s3, selecting overload, overcurrent and/or external heat source radiation fire scenes, and starting corresponding simulation tests;
s4, observing and recording the change of the cable to be tested and the change of the smoke in the test process;
s5, judging whether a preset ending scene can be reached, if not, stopping the test, repeating the steps S1-S5 until the preset ending scene is reached, and if so, stopping the test when the preset scene is reached;
s6, obtaining original evaluation data from a data acquisition system (14);
and S7, disconnecting the power supply of the evaluation platform and arranging the evaluation platform.
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| CN108007958A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-05-08 | 无锡圣敏传感科技股份有限公司 | Generating means and detecting system |
| CN113866216A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2021-12-31 | 山东电力研究院 | Perfluorohexanone extinguishing device test platform for cable trench fire |
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