CN113374575A - 一种双燃料智能燃烧系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种双燃料智能燃烧系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN113374575A
CN113374575A CN202110743432.1A CN202110743432A CN113374575A CN 113374575 A CN113374575 A CN 113374575A CN 202110743432 A CN202110743432 A CN 202110743432A CN 113374575 A CN113374575 A CN 113374575A
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methanol
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CN113374575B (zh
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朱建军
王柯莹
张步勇
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于双燃料发动机燃烧系统领域，具体是一种双燃料智能燃烧系统及其控制方法。改善了甲醇冷启动困难的问题，提高发动机燃烧效率和热效率，提高发动机燃料经济性和排放清洁性，包括缸体、缸盖、活塞、甲醇燃料喷油器、柴油喷油器以及ECU电控单元，所述的缸体、缸盖及活塞形成燃烧室，缸盖设置在缸体正上方，活塞设置在缸体内，燃烧室设置有进气道和排气道，所述的燃烧室内设置有向缸内喷射醇类燃料的甲醇燃料喷油器以及向缸内喷射引燃燃料柴油的柴油喷油器，甲醇燃料喷油器和柴油喷油器通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制。本发明有效解决了甲醇燃料冷启动困难的问题，提高了发动机的热效率，并改善了发动机燃料经济性。

Description

一种双燃料智能燃烧系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于双燃料发动机燃烧系统领域，具体是一种双燃料智能燃烧系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
在石油资源短缺以及环境污染的双重背景下，发展廉价清洁的替代能源具有重要的现实意义。甲醇燃料是一种可再生能源并且来源广泛。近年来，甲醇燃料因着火界限宽、分子量小、含氧量高、汽化潜热大等优点，被广泛应用于双燃料发动机。但因甲醇汽化潜热大，发动机冷启动困难，甚至在低温环境中无法启动，限制了其使用。目前的研究大多数采用进气道喷射法，对甲醇、柴油缸内双喷模式的研究少之又少。
均质混合气压缩着火（HCCI）燃烧模式的基本思路是解决传统汽油机效率低、传统柴油机NOx和碳烟排放高的缺点，采用汽油机均质预混的混合气组织方式和柴油机压缩燃烧着火方式，即实现汽油机低NOx及碳烟排放与柴油机高效率的特点。与传统预混合燃烧和扩散燃烧相比，均质混合气压缩着火然烧模式具有微粒排放低、热效率高等优点，并且它还有燃料灵活性的优点，它能使用包括汽油、柴油、天然气、液化石油气(LPG)、甲醇、乙醇、 二甲醚以及混合燃料等多种燃料。虽然目前均质混合气压缩着火燃烧模式的研究已经取得了一系列成果，但其仍存在很多限制。由于它的燃烧由化学反应动力学所主导，对HCCI模式的着火时刻及燃烧速率的控制是相当困难的。为了拓展发动机在HCCI模式下的负荷范围、在不同负荷下均得到较高的指示热效率，提出了双燃料HCCI燃烧模式。因此采用柴油/甲醇双燃料均质压燃燃烧模式．不仅可以克服甲醇在发动机机上冷启动困难，还可以有效地解决HCCI燃烧模式的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明为了改善甲醇冷启动困难的问题，提高发动机燃烧效率和热效率，提高发动机燃料经济性和排放清洁性，提供一种双燃料智能燃烧系统及其控制方法。
本发明采取以下技术方案：一种双燃料智能燃烧系统，包括缸体、缸盖、活塞、甲醇燃料喷油器、柴油喷油器以及ECU电控单元，所述的缸体、缸盖及活塞形成燃烧室，缸盖设置在缸体正上方，活塞设置在缸体内，燃烧室设置有进气道和排气道，所述的燃烧室内设置有向缸内喷射醇类燃料的甲醇燃料喷油器以及向缸内喷射引燃燃料柴油的柴油喷油器，甲醇燃料喷油器和柴油喷油器通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制。
进一步的，活塞顶面偏心设置有ω型凹坑，甲醇燃料喷油器倾斜布置在ω型凹坑中央正上方，甲醇燃料喷油器中心轴线与气缸中心轴线夹角为0°-10°，所述的柴油喷射器倾斜布置在ω型凹坑上方，与甲醇燃料喷油器位置不重合，柴油喷射器中心轴线与气缸中心轴线夹角为10°-25°，如图2。
进一步的，两个ECU电控单元输入端分别与缸压传感器、曲轴位置传感器、凸轮轴传感器连接，缸压传感器安装在缸盖，曲轴位置传感器安装在机体上靠近飞轮盘的位置，凸轮轴传感器安装在机体上靠近凸轮轴的位置，如图1，将检测到的发动机运行数据传递给两个ECU电控单元，由此得到发动机当前运行工况；进气温度和压力传感器，排气温度和压力传感器将采集到的温度和压力信号分别传给两个ECU电控单元，用于探测发动机当前所处环境情况。
两个ECU电控单元根据各个传感器传递的数据判断当前发动机所处的工作环境和运行工况，根据发动机对当前的状态的不同性能需要，通过分别控制甲醇、柴油两套喷射系统，灵活切换不同的燃烧模式，主要进行双燃料均质压缩燃烧。
一种双燃料智能燃烧系统的控制方法，在冷启动时，采用纯柴油工作模式，保证稳定燃烧和正常启动。
当发动机运行在低转速低负荷工况时，即转速处于800rpm-1200rpm范围内，Pme＜0.3MPa时，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，甲醇燃料在进气行程喷射，在缸内形成均质预混合气，柴油燃料在进气行程中晚于甲醇燃料喷射，引燃甲醇燃料，保证燃料的经济性，减少排放。
当发动机运行在低转速高负荷工况时，即转速处于800rpm-1200rpm范围内，0.3MPa＜Pme＜1MPa时，采用纯柴油工作模式，保证燃烧的稳定性，抑制爆震；
当发动机运行在中转速工况时，即转速处于1200rpm-1800rpm范围内，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，在压缩行程早期喷入甲醇燃料和柴油燃料，形成均质混合气，当活塞压缩到上止点附近时均质混合气自燃着火，实现HCCI燃烧模式；
当发动机运行在高转速低负荷工况时，即转速大于1800rpm范围内，Pme＜0.3MPa时，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，在压缩行程早期喷入甲醇燃料和柴油燃料，形成均质混合气，当活塞压缩到上止点附近时均质混合气自燃着火，实现HCCI燃烧模式。
当发动机运行在高转速高负荷工况时，即转速大于1800rpm范围内，Pme＞0.6MPa时,采用纯柴油工作模式，用于抑制爆震，提高热效率。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过在缸内布置两套燃料喷射系统，实现不同燃料的充分利用。通过控制不同燃烧模式的灵活切换，合理利用不同燃料的理化特性，有效解决了甲醇燃料冷启动困难的问题，提高了发动机的热效率。通过使用清洁燃料甲醇，改善发动机排放污染严重的问题，并改善了发动机燃料经济性。
附图说明
图1为智能燃烧系统的具体布置图；
图2为智能燃烧系统的结构示意图；
图中标记为：1.缸体、2.活塞、3.缸盖、4.排气道、5.甲醇喷油器、6.柴油喷油器、7.进气道。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图详细说明本发明。
如图1至图2所示，本发明的一种双燃料智能燃烧系统，包括缸体1、缸盖3、活塞2、甲醇燃料供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、ECU电控单元，所述缸体1、缸盖3及活塞2形成燃烧室，缸盖放置在缸体正上方，活塞放置在缸体内，所述燃烧室设置有进气道7和排气道4，关键在于所述燃烧室内设置有向缸内喷射主要醇类燃料的甲醇燃料喷油器5，还设置有向缸内喷射引燃燃料柴油的柴油喷油器6。通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇燃料和柴油燃料的喷射策略，实现普通工况下甲醇燃料和柴油双燃料的均质混合气压缩着火燃烧模式，不同工况下灵活切换不同的燃烧模式。
活塞2顶面偏心设置有
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
型凹坑，所述甲醇燃料喷油器5倾斜布置在
Figure 807988DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
型凹坑中央正上方，甲醇燃料喷油器5中心轴线与气缸中心轴线夹角为0°-10°，所述柴油喷射器6倾斜布置在
Figure 140881DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
型凹坑上方，与所述甲醇燃料喷油器5有一定距离，柴油喷射器6中心轴线与气缸中心轴线夹角为10°-25°，如图1。
发动机运行时，缸压传感器、曲轴位置传感器、凸轮轴传感器和转速传感器分别与两个ECU电控单元输入端连接，并将检测到的发动机运行数据传递给两个ECU电控单元，由此得到发动机当前运行工况。进气温度和压力传感器，排气温度和压力传感器将采集到的温度和压力信号分别传给两个ECU电控单元，用于探测发动机当前所处环境情况。
采用双ECU控制，ECU根据各个传感器传递的数据判断当前发动机所处的工作环境和运行工况，根据发动机对当前的状态的不同性能需要，通过分别控制甲醇、柴油两套喷射系统，灵活切换不同的燃烧模式，做出两种燃料的喷射量、喷射时刻等喷射策略，将相关控制信号传递给喷油器5和6上，精准控制两种燃料的喷射。主要采用双燃料均质压缩燃烧模式。
一种双燃料智能燃烧系统的控制方法，在冷启动时，采用纯柴油工作模式，保证稳定燃烧和正常启动。
当发动机运行在低转速低负荷工况时，即转速处于800rpm-1200rpm范围内，Pme＜0.3MPa时，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，甲醇燃料在进气行程喷射，在缸内形成均质预混合气，柴油燃料在进气行程中晚于甲醇燃料喷射，引燃甲醇燃料，保证燃料的经济性，减少排放。
当发动机运行在低转速高负荷工况时，即转速处于800rpm-1200rpm范围内，0.3MPa＜Pme＜1MPa时，采用纯柴油工作模式，保证燃烧的稳定性，抑制爆震。
当发动机运行在中转速工况时，即转速处于1200rpm-1800rpm范围内，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，在压缩行程早期喷入甲醇燃料和柴油燃料，形成均质混合气，当活塞压缩到上止点附近时均质混合气自燃着火，实现HCCI燃烧模式。
当发动机运行在高转速低负荷工况时，即转速大于1800rpm范围内，Pme＜0.3MPa时，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，在压缩行程早期喷入甲醇燃料和柴油燃料，形成均质混合气，当活塞压缩到上止点附近时均质混合气自燃着火，实现HCCI燃烧模式。
当发动机运行在高转速高负荷工况时，即转速大于1800rpm范围内，Pme＞0.6MPa时,采用纯柴油工作模式，用于抑制爆震，提高热效率。

Claims (4)

1.一种双燃料智能燃烧系统，其特征在于：包括缸体（1）、缸盖（3）、活塞（2）、甲醇燃料喷油器（5）、柴油喷油器（6）以及ECU电控单元，所述的缸体（1）、缸盖（3）及活塞（2）形成燃烧室，缸盖（3）设置在缸体（1）正上方，活塞（2）设置在缸体（1）内，燃烧室设置有进气道（7）和排气道（4），所述的燃烧室内设置有向缸内喷射醇类燃料的甲醇燃料喷油器（5）以及向缸内喷射引燃燃料柴油的柴油喷油器（6），甲醇燃料喷油器（5）和柴油喷油器（6）通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双燃料智能燃烧系统，其特征在于：所述的活塞（2）顶面偏心设置有ω型凹坑，甲醇燃料喷油器（5）倾斜布置在ω型凹坑中央正上方，甲醇燃料喷油器（5）中心轴线与气缸中心轴线夹角为0°-10°，所述的柴油喷射器（6）倾斜布置在ω型凹坑上方，与甲醇燃料喷油器位置不重合，柴油喷射器（6）中心轴线与气缸中心轴线夹角为10°-25°。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双燃料智能燃烧系统，其特征在于：所述的两个ECU电控单元输入端分别与缸压传感器、曲轴位置传感器、凸轮轴传感器连接，缸压传感器安装在缸盖，曲轴位置传感器安装在机体上靠近飞轮盘的位置，凸轮轴传感器安装在机体上靠近凸轮轴的位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双燃料智能燃烧系统的控制方法，其特征在于：在冷启动时，采用纯柴油工作模式，保证稳定燃烧和正常启动；
当发动机运行在低转速低负荷工况时，即转速处于800rpm-1200rpm范围内，Pme＜0.3MPa时，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，甲醇燃料在进气行程喷射，在缸内形成均质预混合气，柴油燃料在进气行程中晚于甲醇燃料喷射，引燃甲醇燃料；
当发动机运行在低转速高负荷工况时，即转速处于800rpm-1200rpm范围内，0.3MPa＜Pme＜1MPa时，采用纯柴油工作模式；
当发动机运行在中转速工况时，即转速处于1200rpm-1800rpm范围内，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，在压缩行程早期喷入甲醇燃料和柴油燃料，形成均质混合气，当活塞压缩到上止点附近时均质混合气自燃着火，实现HCCI燃烧模式；
当发动机运行在高转速低负荷工况时，即转速大于1800rpm范围内，Pme＜0.3MPa时，通过两个ECU电控单元分别控制甲醇喷油器和柴油喷油器，在压缩行程早期喷入甲醇燃料和柴油燃料，形成均质混合气，当活塞压缩到上止点附近时均质混合气自燃着火，实现HCCI燃烧模式；
当发动机运行在高转速高负荷工况时，即转速大于1800rpm范围内，Pme＞0.6MPa时，采用纯柴油工作模式。
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